Journal articles on the topic 'Australian Medical Research Institute'
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Hickie, Ian B., Ian B. Hickie, Helen Christensen, Tracey A. Davenport, and Georgina M. Luscombe. "Can We Track the Impact of Australian Mental Health Research?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 7 (July 2005): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01631.x.
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Objective: Arguments are being made to increase research and development funding for mental health research in Australia. Consequently, the methods used to measure the results of increased investment require review. This study aimed to describe the status of Australian mental health research and to propose potential methods for tracking changes in research output. Specifically, we describe the research output of nations, Australian states, Australian and New Zealand institutions and Australian and New Zealand researchers using citation rates. Method: Information on research output was sourced from two international databases (Institute for scientific information [ISI] Essential Science Indicators and ISI Web of Science) and the ISI list of Highly Cited Researchers. Results: In an international setting, Australia does not perform as well as other comparable countries such as New Zealand or Canada in terms of research output. Within Australia, the scientific performance of institutions apparently relates to the strength of some individual researchers or consolidated research groups. Highly cited papers are evident in the fields of syndrome definition, epidemiology and epidemiological methods, cognitive science and prognostic or longitudinal studies. Conclusions: Australian researchers need to consider the success of New Zealand and Canadian researchers, particularly given the relatively low investment in health and medical research in New Zealand. Although citation analyses are fraught with difficulties, they can be effectively complemented by other measures of responsiveness to clinical or population needs and community expectations and should be conducted regularly and independently to monitor the status of Australian mental health research.
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Hobbins, Peter G. "Serpentine Science: Charles Kellaway and the Fluctuating Fortunes of Venom Research in Interwar Australia." Historical Records of Australian Science 21, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09012.
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Australian medical research before the Second World War is predominantly viewed as an anodyne precursor to its conspicuous postwar successes. However, the expanding intellectual appeal and state support for local research after 1945 built upon scientific practices, networks, facilities and finances established between 1919 and 1939. Arguably the most prominent medical scientist working in Australia during this period was Charles Kellaway (1889?1952), director of Melbourne's Walter and Eliza Hall Institute from 1923 until 1944. Facing both financial challenges and a profoundly unsupportive intellectual climate, Kellaway instigated a major research programme into Australian snake venoms. These investigations garnered local and international acclaim, allowing Kellaway to speak as a significant scientific actor while fostering productive laboratory collaborations. The venom work spurred basic research in tissue injury, anaphylaxis and leukotriene pharmacology, yet delivered pragmatic clinical outcomes, particularly an effective antivenene. By selecting a problem of continuing public interest, Kellaway also stimulated wider engagement with science and initiated a pioneering ad hoc Commonwealth grant for medical research. In tracing his training, mentors and practices within the interwar milieu, this article argues that Kellaway's venom studies contributed materially to global biomedical developments and to the broader viability of medical research in Australia.
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Renwick, Manoa. "Quality Assurance in Australian Hospitals: How Far Does it Go?" Australian Medical Record Journal 18, no. 3 (September 1988): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335838801800304.
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The Australian Institute of Health (AIH) surveyed all acute hospitals in Australia to discover the extent of quality assurance (QA) activities, the types of programs being run and the processes being used. This paper explains the Institute's research strategy and puts the survey into the context of QA in Australia today. It describes the research method, identifies sources of bias, and presents some of the results. These show that medical record administrators (MRAs) play an active role in QA by coordinating hospital programs, by implementing individual reviews of their own departments, and by servicing other departmental reviews. The results pertaining to the extent and nature of QA are discussed and it is concluded that there seems to be some review of the quality of care for the majority of hospital patients. The effectiveness of that review, and whether or not it is quality assurance, still has to be investigated. (AMRJ 1988, 18(3), 97–101).
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Crowe, B. L., and I. G. Mcdonald. "Telemedicine in Australia. Recent developments." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 3, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633971931147.
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There have been a number of important developments in Australia in the area of telemedicine. At the national level, the House of Representatives' Standing Committee on Family and Community Affairs has been conducting the Inquiry into Health Information Management and Telemedicine. The Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council has supported the establishment of a working party convened by the South Australian Health Commission to prepare a detailed report on issues relating to telemedicine. State governments have begun a number of telemedicine projects, including major initiatives in New South Wales and Victoria and the extensive development of telepsychiatry services in Queensland. Research activities in high-speed image transmission have been undertaken by the Australian Computing and Communications Institute and Telstra, and by the Australian Navy. The matter of the funding of both capital and recurrent costs of telemedicine services has not been resolved, and issues of security and privacy of medical information are subject to discussion. The use of the Internet as a universal communications medium may provide opportunities for the expansion of telemedicine services, particularly in the area of continuing medical education. A need has been recognized for the coordinated evaluation of telemedicine services as cost-benefit considerations are seen to be very important.
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Lee, Jessica D. Y., and Lyle J. Palmer. "The Western Australian Twin Register: A Population-Based Register of Adult and Child Multiples." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.6.712.
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AbstractThe Western Australian Twin Register (WATR) was established in 1997 to study the health of all child multiples born in Western Australia (WA). The Register has until recently consisted of all multiples born in WA between 1980 and 1997. Using unique record linkage capacities available through the WA data linkage system, we have subsequently been able to identify all multiple births born in WA since 1974. New affiliations with the Australian Twin Registry and the WA Institute for Medical Research are further enabled by the use of the WA Genetic Epidemiology Resource — a high-end bioinformatics infrastructure that allows efficient management of health datasets and facilitates collaborative research capabilities. In addition to this infrastructure, funding provided by these institutions has allowed the extension of the WATR to include a greater number of WA multiples, including those born between 1974 and 1979, and from 1998 onwards. These resources are in the process of being enabled for national and international access.
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Buckley, Jonathan, Malcolm Riley, Lisa Wood, Sheila Skeaff, and Manny Noakes. "Abstracts of the 10th Asia-Pacific Conference on Clinical Nutrition." Proceedings 2, no. 12 (August 9, 2018): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2120573.
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The Asia-Pacific Conference on Clinical Nutrition is a biennial conference held within the Asia-Pacific region. The 2017 meeting was a joint meeting of the Asia-Pacific Society of Clinical Nutrition, the Nutrition Society of Australia and the Nutrition Society of New Zealand. The meeting was hosted by CSIRO Health and Biosecurity in collaboration with the University of South Australia, the University of Adelaide, Flinders University and the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute. The theme of the meeting was Nutrition Solutions for a Changing World. Four hundred and thirty-eight registrants attended the conference and 432 papers were presented. This issue presents the proceedings of this meeting in the form of abstracts for each paper that was presented at the conference.
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Buckley, Jonathan, Malcolm Riley, Lisa Wood, Sheila Skeaff, and Manny Noakes. "Abstracts of the 10th Asia-Pacific Conference on Clinical Nutrition." Proceedings 2, no. 12 (August 9, 2018): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings21210573.
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The Asia-Pacific Conference on Clinical Nutrition is a biennial conference held within the Asia-Pacific region. The 2017 meeting was a joint meeting of the Asia-Pacific Society of Clinical Nutrition, the Nutrition Society of Australia and the Nutrition Society of New Zealand. The meeting was hosted by CSIRO Health and Biosecurity in collaboration with the University of South Australia, the University of Adelaide, Flinders University and the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute. The theme of the meeting was Nutrition Solutions for a Changing World. Four hundred and thirty-eight registrants attended the conference and 432 papers were presented. This issue presents the proceedings of this meeting in the form of abstracts for each paper that was presented at the conference.
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Angus, James A. "SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY: THE BAKER INSTITUTE/GLAXO AUSTRALIA STORY." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 19, no. 1 (January 1992): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00400.x.
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Hopper, John L., Debra L. Foley, Paul A. White, and Vincent Pollaers. "Australian Twin Registry: 30 Years of Progress." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 1 (December 3, 2012): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.121.
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The Australian Twin Registry (ATR) is a national volunteer resource of twin pairs and higher-order multiples willing to consider participating in health, medical, and scientific research. The vision of the ATR is ‘to realize the full potential of research involving twins to improve the health and well-being of all Australians’. The ATR has been funded continuously by the National Health and Medical Council for more than 30 years. Its core functions entail the recruitment and retention of twin members, the maintenance of an up-to-date database containing members’ contact details and baseline information, and the promotion and provision of open access to researchers from all institutes in Australia, and their collaborators, in a fair and equitable manner. The ATR is administered by The University of Melbourne, which acts as custodian. Since the late 1970s the ATR has enrolled more than 40,000 twin pairs of all zygosities and facilitated more than 500 studies that have produced at least 700 peer-reviewed publications from classical twin studies, co-twin control studies, within-pair comparisons, twin family studies, longitudinal twin studies, randomized controlled trials, and epigenetics studies, as well as studies of issues specific to twins. New initiatives include: a Health and Life Style Questionnaire; data collection, management, and archiving using a secure online software program (The Ark); and the International Network of Twin Registries. The ATR's expertise and 30 years of experience in providing services to national and international twin studies has made it an important resource for research across a broad range of disciplines.
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Budd, Alison C., and Christine J. Sturrock. "Cytology and cervical cancer surveillance in an era of human papillomavirus vaccination." Sexual Health 7, no. 3 (2010): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09133.
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Cytological and cancer surveillance will provide the most effective indications of short-term effects and long-term outcomes of the introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in Australia. This article outlines how this surveillance is proposed to occur through the established national monitoring mechanisms of the National Cervical Screening Program in the annual Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) publication ‘Cervical screening in Australia’. Cytological surveillance will be possible principally through cytology data provided annually by the state and territory cervical cytology registers, and it is expected that these data will provide the earliest and most comprehensive indications of effects from the HPV vaccine. Some potential issues in interpreting these data are also discussed, including the potentially confounding effects of the introduction of new National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines ‘Screening to prevent cervical cancer: guidelines for the management of asymptomatic women with screen-detected abnormalities’ some 9 months before the introduction of the vaccine. Cancer surveillance over the long term will be possible using cervical cancer incidence data reported annually for the National Cervical Screening Program in ‘Cervical screening in Australia’ using data sourced from the Australian Cancer Database. In a final discourse, the HPV vaccine and cervical screening are discussed concurrently, and the importance of continued cervical screening in the HPV vaccine era emphasised.
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Slutske, Wendy S., and Penelope A. Lind. "Contributions of Nicholas Martin to Gambling Disorder Research." Twin Research and Human Genetics 23, no. 2 (April 2020): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2020.34.
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AbstractProfessor Nicholas G. Martin, from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Brisbane, Australia, is a world leader in the effort to understand the genetic architecture underlying disordered gambling. This article pays tribute to Nick and his almost two decades of gambling research, highlighting his many strengths, ranging from the use of ingenious recruitment approaches, twin study methods, genomewide association studies, to facilitating international collaborations.
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Gillespie, Nathan A., Anjali K. Henders, Tracy A. Davenport, Daniel F. Hermens, Margie J. Wright, Nicholas G. Martin, and Ian B. Hickie. "The Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study: Pathways to Cannabis Use, Abuse, and Dependence Project—Current Status, Preliminary Results, and Future Directions." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 1 (November 28, 2012): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.111.
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We describe the data being collected from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study in Australia as part of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-funded project, Pathways to Cannabis Use, Abuse and Dependence. The history, recruitment, assessment, and retention of twin families in this project are described in detail, along with preliminary findings and plans for future research. The goal of this NIDA project is to make a significant contribution to the discovery of quantitative trait loci influencing cannabis use disorders. Although the focus is cannabis use, abuse, and dependence in young adults, measures of comorbid illicit drug use disorders are also being collected. In addition, a variety of internalizing and externalizing disorders are being assessed, funded by support from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. Because these same twins have participated in numerous twin studies since 1992, future plans will include linking different phenotypes to investigate relationships between drug use, psychiatric disorders, and psychological phenotypes within cross-sectional and longitudinal or developmental frameworks.
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Frascara, Jorge, and Stan Ruecker. "Medical communications and information design." Information Design Journal 15, no. 1 (April 25, 2007): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.15.1.07fra.
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An organization of pharmacists requested our services to improve the design of their printed communications to medical doctors, concerning the use of pharmaceutical drugs. Departing from a design process model developed by the Communication Research Institute of Australia, we selected an existing document, interviewed users, defined the objectives of the document, established performance benchmarks, produced a new prototype, and tested it. Results indicated that memory of the contents had improved in accuracy, and that the time required for search-and-find tasks had been substantially cut. The article describes the process followed and outlines future research to be undertaken.
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Ye, Ji-Ming, and Stanley M.H. "Strategies for the Discovery and Development of Anti-Diabetic Drugs from the Natural Products of Traditional Medicines." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 2 (May 16, 2013): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3t60g.
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This review discusses issues largely from the biological point of view about the targeted approaches for the use of natural products for the discovery of anti-diabetic drugs in collaboration with medicinal chemists and computer-aided drug design. A major thrust of this review reflects the collaborative research of four institutions: RMIT University (Australia), Garvan Institute of Medical Research (Australia), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica of the Chinese Academy of Science (China) and Sun-Yat Sen University (China) in the past eight years. By joining forces of biomedical research in diabetes and medicinal chemistry with a focus on traditional medicine, they are trying to bridge the West (the latest research discoveries in biomedical research) with the East (traditional medicine) to step forward in drug discovery from natural products.
This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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Oliver, DF, PJ Gore, HJ Moss, and KG Tiller. "Cadmium in wheat-grain and milling products from some Australian flour mills." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 1 (1993): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9930001.
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Wheat grain and associated milling products from individual commercial mills and mills at the Eread Research Institute Sydney) were analysed for cadmium. Highest cadmium concentrations were found in the bran and pollard fractions and lowest concentrations in the wheat grain and flour. The mean concentrations in bran and pollard ranged from 0.005 to 0.105 mg kg-1 and 0.005 to 0.078 mg kg-1, respectively. In contrast, the mean concentrations in grain ranged from 0.003 to 0.035 mg kg-1 and in flour from 0.003 to 0.023 mg kg-1. Cadmium analysis of wheat grain was found to be an effective method of monitoring the cadmium concentration in flour and flour products. Marked regional variations of cadmium concentration in grain and milling products were found. However, further investigation would be required to determine the reasons for these regional differences. All the grain and bran samples analysed in this study were within the maximum permissible concentrations set by the National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) for cadmium.
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Werner-Seidler, Aliza, and Frances Shaw. "The Social and Emotional Impact of Involving Individuals With Mental Illness in the Research Process." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 11 (April 19, 2019): 1634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732319837232.
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There is a need to involve individuals with a lived experience in health and medical research. Some organizations have developed mechanisms to seek the input of people with a lived experience. However, there are few examples of qualitative research into the impacts of participation. In this study, we investigate the social and emotional impact of participation on individuals, as well as the perceived impact on the organization, in an advisory panel at an Australian mental health research institute. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 50% of the participants on the panel to understand how they conceptualized their involvement. Participants became invested in the organization and their role within it, and found it personally valuable to access diverse perspectives and discuss mental health outside a treatment context. These findings suggest that participating in the research process is beneficial to individuals with a lived experience of mental illness.
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Smith, Babette. "Ann Janet Woolcock 1937–2001." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14023.
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Ann Woolcock graduated in medicine from the University of Adelaide and pursued postgraduate studies in respiratory medicine with Professor John Read at the University of Sydney. Her MD thesis, awarded in 1967, was on the mechanical behaviour of the lungs in asthma. From 1966 to 1968 she worked with Professor Peter Macklem at McGill University in Canada, then returned to the University of Sydney to continue researching asthma. Her work in asthma and epidemiology showed that asthma was caused by allergens but that there is a genetic component. Her clinical research was a major contribution to better outcomes in asthma, in particular, the demonstration and practical measurement of airway hyperresponsiveness and her subsequent research that examined its contribution to asthma severity and the ways in which treatments were able to reduce it. In 1989 she wrote, with others, the world's first national guidelines for asthma management, the Australian Asthma Management Plan. In 1984, she was appointed to a personal chair of Respiratory Medicine at the University of Sydney. She founded the Institute of Respiratory Medicine in 1985, based at Sydney's Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. After her death, the Institute was renamed the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research in her honour.
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Hobbins, Peter Graeme. "“Outside the Institute there is a Desert”: The Tenuous Trajectories of Medical Research in Interwar Australia." Medical History 54, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300004294.
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Beks, Hannah, Sandra Walsh, Laura Alston, Martin Jones, Tony Smith, Darryl Maybery, Keith Sutton, and Vincent L. Versace. "Approaches Used to Describe, Measure, and Analyze Place of Practice in Dentistry, Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Rural Graduate Workforce Research in Australia: A Systematic Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031438.
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Redressing the maldistribution of the health workforce in regional, rural, and remote geographical areas is a global issue and crucial to improving the accessibility of primary health care and specialist services. Geographical classification systems are important as they provide an objective and quantifiable measure of access and can have direct policy relevance, yet they are not always consistently applied in rural health research. It is unclear how research focusing on the graduate health workforce in Australia has described, measured, and analyzed place of practice. To examine approaches used, this review systematically scopes Australian rural studies focusing on dentistry, medicine, nursing, and allied health graduates that have included place of practice as an outcome measure. The Joanna Brigg’s Institute Scoping Review Methodology was used to guide the review. Database searches retrieved 1130 unique citations, which were screened, resulting in 62 studies for inclusion. Included studies were observational, with most focusing on the practice locations of medical graduates and predicators of rural practice. Variations in the use of geographical classification approaches to define rurality were identified and included the use of systems that no longer have policy relevance, as well as adaptations of existing systems that make future comparisons between studies challenging. It is recommended that research examining the geographical distribution of the rural health workforce use uniform definitions of rurality that are aligned with current government policy.
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Jameel, Tahir, Mukhtiar Baig, Saba Tariq, Zohair Jamil Gazzaz, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Nouf Khaleel Althagafi, Eman Yahya Hazazi, and Razan Saleh Alsayed. "Psychosocial, cultural, and academic challenges to Saudi Arabian students in Australia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): e0262585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262585.
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Objectives This study investigated the perceptions of Saudi Arabian medical disciplines students undergoing training in various institutes of Australia regarding psychosocial, cultural, and academic challenges. Methods This cross-sectional study was from March 15 to June 15, 2019. Data were collected by an online questionnaire. It consisted of questions regarding demographic, psychosocial, cultural, and academic challenges. Two hundred nineteen students studying in Australia responded to our questionnaire. Results Of the total 219 students, 13(6.0%) were undergraduate, 167(76%) were postgraduate, and 39(18%) were Ph.D. students. For most students (171[79.2%]), Australia was the country of choice for studying. Most of them were satisfied with their academic performance and adjustment to the Australian way of living. Most of the students (180[82.2%]) showed satisfaction over the availability of fair chances of their religious practices in Australia. Few of them faced difficulties coping with the Australian climate (25[11.4%]), homesickness (59[26.9%]), and food and dietary sources (44[20.1%]). Students were overall satisfied with the student advisory system (156[71.2%]), university assessments (147[67.2%]), and available research facilities (170[77.6%]). Among participants, 77 (35.1%), 119(54.3%), and 23(10.5%) students indicated that they wished to stay in Australia only until completion of their studies, temporarily and permanently, respectively. Conclusions Our findings showed that Saudi students in Australia had strong psychosocial well-being, cultural integration, and academic success. Most of them were satisfied and adjusted well to Australian culture.
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Henderson, A. S. "The NH & MRC Social Psychiatry Research Unit, at the Australian National University, Canberra, 1975–90." Psychological Medicine 21, no. 1 (February 1991): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700014835.
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In 1974, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NH & MRC) in Australia reviewed what initiatives might be undertaken to promote medical research relevant to the needs of the population. It noted that Australia had contributed with distinction in some areas, such as the neurosciences and immunology, whereas fields such as epidemiology and psychiatry were much less developed scientifically. As the principal source of funding for medical research, the NH & MRC had hitherto supported projects, individuals and a small number of institutions (e.g. the Walter and Eliza Hall, the Florey and the Baker Institutes). The initiative adopted in 1974, as an additional commitment, was to establish some research units in areas of major relevance for public health. These were intended to become centres of excellence in fields where more expertise was needed at a national level.
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Schofield, Deborah, Michelle M. Cunich, and Lucio Naccarella. "An evaluation of the quality of evidence underpinning diabetes management models: a review of the literature." Australian Health Review 38, no. 5 (2014): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14018.
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Objective There is a paucity of research on the quality of evidence relating to primary care workforce models. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of evidence on diabetes primary care workforce models in Australia. Methods The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia’s (National Health and Medical Reseach Council; 2000, 2001) frameworks for evaluating scientific evidence and economic evaluations were used to assess the quality of studies involving primary care workforce models for diabetes care involving Australian adults. A search of medical databases (MEDLINE, AMED, RURAL, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet and The Cochrane Institute), journals for diabetes care (Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Diabetes Care, Diabetic Medicine, Population Health Management, Rural and Remote Health, Australian Journal of Primary Health, PLoS Medicine, Medical Journal of Australia, BMC Health Services Research, BMC Public Health, BMC Family Practice) and Commonwealth and state government health websites was undertaken to acquire Australian studies of diabetes workforce models published 2005–13. Various diabetes workforce models were examined, including ‘one-stop shops’, pharmacy care, Aboriginal services and telephone-delivered interventions. The quality of evidence was evaluated against several criteria, including relevance and replication, strength of evidence, effect size, transferability and representativeness, and value for money. Results Of the14 studies found, four were randomised controlled trials and one was a systematic review (i.e. Level II and I (best) evidence). Only three provided a replicable protocol or detailed intervention delivery. Eleven lacked a theoretical framework. Twelve reported significant improvements in clinical (patient) outcomes, commonly HbA1c, cholesterol and blood pressure; only four reported changes in short- and long-term outcomes (e.g. quality of life). Most studies used a small or targeted population. Only two studies assessed both benefits and costs of their intervention compared with usual care and cost effectiveness. Conclusions More rigorous studies of diabetes workforce models are needed to determine whether these interventions improve patient outcomes and, if they do, represent value for money. What is known about the topic? Although health systems with strong primary care orientations have been associated with enhanced access, equity and population health, the primary care workforce is facing several challenges. These include a mal-distribution of resources (supply side) and health outcomes (demand side), inconsistent support for teamwork care models, and a lack of enhanced clinical inter-professional education and/or training opportunities. These challenges are exacerbated by an ageing health workforce and general population, as well as a population that has increased prevalence of chronic conditions and multi-morbidity. Although several policy directions have been advocated to address these challenges, there is a lack of high-quality evidence about which primary care workforce models are best (and which models represent better value for money than current practice) and what the health effects are for patients. What does this paper add? This study demonstrated several strengths and weaknesses of Australian diabetes models of care studies. In particular, only five of the 14 studies assessed were designed in a way that enabled them to achieve a Level II or I rating (and hence the ‘best’ level of evidence), based on the NHMRC’s (2000, 2001) frameworks for assessing scientific evidence. The majority of studies risked the introduction of bias and thus may have incorrect conclusions. Only a few studies described clearly what the intervention and the comparator were and thus could be easily replicated. Only two studies included cost-effectiveness studies of their interventions compared with usual care. What are the implications for practitioners? Although there has been an increase in the number of primary care workforce models implemented in Australia, there is a need for more rigorous research to assess whether these interventions are effective in producing improved health outcomes and represent better value for money than current practice. Researchers and policymakers need to make decisions based on high-quality evidence; it is not obvious what effect the evidence is having on primary care workforce reform.
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Krahe, Michelle A., Julie Toohey, Malcolm Wolski, Paul A. Scuffham, and Sheena Reilly. "Research data management in practice: Results from a cross-sectional survey of health and medical researchers from an academic institution in Australia." Health Information Management Journal 49, no. 2-3 (March 11, 2019): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1833358319831318.
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Background: Building or acquiring research data management (RDM) capacity is a major challenge for health and medical researchers and academic institutes alike. Considering that RDM practices influence the integrity and longevity of data, targeting RDM services and support in recognition of needs is especially valuable in health and medical research. Objective: This project sought to examine the current RDM practices of health and medical researchers from an academic institution in Australia. Method: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect information from a convenience sample of 81 members of a research institute (68 academic staff and 13 postgraduate students). A survey was constructed to assess selected data management tasks associated with the earlier stages of the research data life cycle. Results: Our study indicates that RDM tasks associated with creating, processing and analysis of data vary greatly among researchers and are likely influenced by their level of research experience and RDM practices within their immediate teams. Conclusion: Evaluating the data management practices of health and medical researchers, contextualised by tasks associated with the research data life cycle, is an effective way of shaping RDM services and support in this group. Implications: This study recognises that institutional strategies targeted at tasks associated with the creation, processing and analysis of data will strengthen researcher capacity, instil good research practice and, over time, improve health informatics and research data quality.
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Hayward, Nathan, Anders Sideris, Nathaniel Marshall, Michael Burri, and Stuart G. Mackay. "815 Australian Surgery Trainee Education for Contemporary Airway Management of OSA: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Study." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A318—A319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.812.
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Abstract Introduction In Australia, ASOHNS delivers no formal curriculum for training of OHNS, or levels of competency required, to assess and treat complex OSA patients. Australian OHNS trainee confidence, knowledge and exposure to complex multi-level OSA surgery is lacking. Lack of exposure to sufficient complex OSA surgery case load has been identified as a major weakness in training within a recently published international survey. This study was a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of Australian OHNS trainee exposure to education materials compared with no exposure, on Sleep Surgery specific examination performance (multiple choice and short written answer). Methods 70 accredited and 45 unaccredited OHNS trainees were invited to participate in this trial. Participants were randomly assigned to Sleep Surgery educational material exposure or no exposure to those materials. Those randomized to the exposure group were provided educational material and were given 2 weeks exposure time prior to the exam. Each participant then complete an online examin, consisting of 40 multiple choice questions and 1 short answer question (marked by a field expert). Differences between exposure and control group means were tested using independent t-tests. Results 24 trainees were allocated to exposure and 22 to control. 33 participants attempted the examination. The were no significant differences between groups in the multiple choice (mean difference 1.3 ± 1.6 [3.3%], p=0.41) or written exam test scores (mean difference 1.8 ± 1.2 [9.0%], p=0.14). Accredited trainees performed better in the written exam (mean difference 2.6 ± 1.1 [13.0%], p=0.03). The mean test score in a separate exploratory group of 2 sleep fellowship trained OHNS was considerably higher in both exams. Conclusion This study suggests that exposure to formal education material may improve understanding of sleep surgery. Accredited trainees performed better than unaccredited trainees but the difference was small. Poor test performance in both groups may indicate further formal sleep surgery teaching is required in the ASOHNS training curriculum. Further research is required to identify the best ways possible to educate OHNS trainees in the complex and nuanced decision making required for OSA patients. Support (if any) Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Grant 2019.
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Grogan, P. "Bowel Cancer Screening in Australia: Research and Tactics to Achieve an Advocacy Goal." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 145s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.14500.
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Background and context: Bowel cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in Australia, yet survival is above 90% if it is detected at stage one. Cancer Council Australia has advocated since 1997 (when RCT evidence was published) for a national government-run screening program—a challenge to any government, given the costs and changes across the health system, irrespective of the health benefits. Cancer Council Australia has advocated at every step in the program’s development, from pilot studies to securing bipartisan political support for the program´s introduction to funding allocations linked to our budget submissions. Yet cost pressures restricted the Australian Government in 2013 to implementation by 2034 - an unacceptable timeframe in view of preventable deaths over that period. To find a peer-reviewed “big number” to convince candidates in Australia´s 2013 federal election to support full implementation by 2020, Cancer Council commissioned a study of multiple screening scenarios submitted to a leading medical journal, showing our implementation plan would prevent 35,000 bowel cancer deaths by 2040. The incoming government, despite campaigning on national debt-reduction, allocated almost $100 million dollars—the centrepiece of its first health budget—to Cancer Council Australia´s plan, attributing the decision to our advice. Subsequent Cancer Council Australia research has shown the program´s life-saving benefits to be even greater if participation can be increased, and that it would achieve net savings. We continue to push for program promotion, with our peer-reviewed research showing 60% participation would prevent 84,000 bowel cancer deaths by 2040. Aim: To highlight how political advocacy and scientific research can work together by ensuring the advocacy is based on the best available evidence, with that evidence collected through a peer-reviewed study designed to deliver major policy reform. Strategy/Tactics: The key strategy/tactics were basic but often overlooked: collect the most compelling evidence of benefit, thereby making it difficult for politicians to dismiss the advocacy. The example of bowel cancer screening advocacy in Australia since 2012-13 has been presented in Australian research institutes to highlight how studies can be designed expressly to translate to a major policy outcome. Program/Policy process: Cancer Council Australia adhered to all government processes within its advocacy remit (budget submissions, being appointed to government committees, producing clinical practice guidelines) while working independently to drive the research and public policy agenda. Outcomes: The accelerated implementation of a landmark national screening program. What was learned: That even politicians obsessed with budget cuts can´t always argue with the best evidence—and that researchers can design studies that change policy and practice, if guided by political pragmatists.
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Mishra, Aniket, and Stuart MacGregor. "A Novel Approach for Pathway Analysis of GWAS Data Highlights Role of BMP Signaling and Muscle Cell Differentiation in Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility – Erratum." Twin Research and Human Genetics 20, no. 2 (February 23, 2017): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.6.
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The publishers regret to announce that the affiliation for the above paper was incorrectly inserted. The correct affiliation is below:Aniket Mishra1, Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO) and the Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (CCFR), and Stuart MacGregor11 Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Hansen, Emily, Andrew Robinson, Peter Mudge, and Geoff Crack. "Barriers to the provision of care for people with dementia and their carers in a rural community." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 1 (2005): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05010.
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This article describes results from a community initiated qualitative research project investigating barriers to the provision of care for people with dementia (PWD) and their carers. The study was conducted in a rural remote Tasmanian community ("Cape Coastal"). Focus group discussions were held with family member carers of PWD, members of the Aged Care Assessment Team (ACAT), nurses employed in the local hospital and a local nursing home, community health nurses and local general practitioners. In addition, two semi-structured interviews were conducted with a dementia support worker allocated to service the region and a single family member carer. Barriers to the effective provision of care for PWD and their carers were identified. These were: distance and isolation; perceptions of geographic and professional boundaries including issues of medical dominance; and gaps in health care provider and carers? knowledge about dementia and dementia services. These results demonstrate that while Cape Coastal has many points in common with other rural and remote communities in Australia and in Canada and the United States (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2002), it is important to recognise local context when planning and providing services for PWD and other chronic diseases.
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Mitchell, Brittany L., Katherine M. Kirk, Kerrie McAloney, Margaret J. Wright, Tracey A. Davenport, Daniel F. Hermens, James G. Scott, et al. "16Up: Outline of a Study Investigating Wellbeing and Information and Communication Technology Use in Adolescent Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 23, no. 6 (December 2020): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2020.83.
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AbstractThe ‘16Up’ study conducted at the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute from January 2014 to December 2018 aimed to examine the physical and mental health of young Australian twins aged 16−18 years (N = 876; 371 twin pairs and 18 triplet sets). Measurements included online questionnaires covering physical and mental health as well as information and communication technology (ICT) use, actigraphy, sleep diaries and hair samples to determine cortisol concentrations. Study participants generally rated themselves as being in good physical (79%) and mental (73%) health and reported lower rates of psychological distress and exposure to alcohol, tobacco products or other substances than previously reported for this age group in the Australian population. Daily or near-daily online activity was almost universal among study participants, with no differences noted between males and females in terms of frequency or duration of internet access. Patterns of ICT use in this sample indicated that the respondents were more likely to use online information sources for researching physical health issues than for mental health or substance use issues, and that they generally reported partial levels of satisfaction with the mental health information they found online. This suggests that internet-based mental health resources can be readily accessed by adolescent Australians, and their computer literacy augurs well for future access to online health resources. In combination with other data collected as part of the ongoing Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study, the 16Up project provides a valuable resource for the longitudinal investigation of genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variation in a variety of human traits.
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Beaujouan, Éva, Anna Reimondos, Edith Gray, Ann Evans, and Tomáš Sobotka. "Declining realisation of reproductive intentions with age." Human Reproduction 34, no. 10 (September 27, 2019): 1906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez150.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is the likelihood of having a child within 4 years for men and women with strong short-term reproductive intentions, and how is it affected by age? SUMMARY ANSWER For women, the likelihood of realising reproductive intentions decreased steeply from age 35: the effect of age was weak and not significant for men. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Men and women are postponing childbearing until later ages. For women, this trend is associated with a higher risk that childbearing plans will not be realised due to increased levels of infertility and pregnancy complications. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study analyses two waves of the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The analytical sample interviewed in 2011 included 447 men aged 18–45 and 528 women aged 18–41. These respondents expressed a strong intention to have a child in the next 3 years. We followed them up in 2015 to track whether their reproductive intention was achieved or revised. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Multinomial logistic regression is used to account for the three possible outcomes: (i) having a child, (ii) not having a child but still intending to have one in the future and (iii) not having a child and no longer intending to have one. We analyse how age, parity, partnership status, education, perceived ability to conceive, self-rated health, BMI and smoking status are related to realising or changing reproductive intentions. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Almost two-thirds of men and women realised their strong short-term fertility plans within 4 years. There was a steep age-related decline in realising reproductive intentions for women in their mid- and late-30s, whereas men maintained a relatively high probability of having the child they intended until age 45. Women aged 38–41 who planned to have a child were the most likely to change their plan within 4 years. The probability of realising reproductive intention was highest for married and highly educated men and women and for those with one child. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study cannot separate biological, social and cultural reasons for not realising reproductive intentions. Men and women adjust their intentions in response to their actual circumstances, but also in line with their perceived ability to have a child or under the influence of broader social norms on reproductive age. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results give a new perspective on the ability of men and women to realise their reproductive plans in the context of childbearing postponement. They confirm the inequality in the individual consequences of delayed reproduction between men and women. They inform medical practitioners and counsellors about the complex biological, social and normative barriers to reproduction among women at higher childbearing ages. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was partly supported by a Research School of Social Sciences Visiting Fellowship at the Australian National University and an Australian Research Council Discovery Project (DP150104248). Éva Beaujouan’s work was partly funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project ‘Later Fertility in Europe’ (Grant agreement no. P31171-G29). This paper uses unit record data from the HILDA Survey. The HILDA Project was initiated and is funded by the Australian Government Department of Social Services (DSS) and is managed by the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research (Melbourne Institute). The findings and views reported in this paper, however, are those of the authors and should not be attributed to either DSS or the Melbourne Institute. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
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Webster, Jacqui, Elizabeth Dunford, Sarah Kennington, Bruce Neal, and Simon Chapman. "Drop the Salt! Assessing the impact of a public health advocacy strategy on Australian government policy on salt." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 1 (November 22, 2012): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012004806.
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AbstractObjectiveIn 2007 the Australian Division of World Action on Salt and Health (AWASH) launched a campaign to encourage the Australian government to take action to reduce population salt intake. The objective of the present research was to assess the impact of the Drop the Salt! campaign on government policy.DesignA review of government activities related to salt reduction was conducted and an advocacy strategy implemented to increase government action on salt. Advocacy actions were documented and the resulting outcomes identified. An analysis of stakeholder views on the effectiveness of the advocacy strategy was also undertaken.SettingsAdvocacy activities were coordinated through AWASH at the George Institute for Global Health in Sydney.SubjectsAll relevant State and Federal government statements and actions were reviewed and thirteen stakeholders with known interests or responsibilities regarding dietary salt, including food industry, government and health organisations, were interviewed.ResultsStakeholder analysis affirmed that AWASH influenced the government's agenda on salt reduction and four key outputs were attributed to the campaign: (i) the Food Regulation Standing Committee discussions on salt, (ii) the Food and Health Dialogue salt targets, (iii) National Health and Medical Research Council partnership funding and (iv) the New South Wales Premier's Forum on Fast Foods.ConclusionsWhile it is not possible to definitively attribute changes in government policy to one organisation, stakeholder research indicated that the AWASH campaign increased the priority of salt reduction on the government's agenda. However, a coordinated government strategy on salt reduction is still required to ensure that the potential health benefits are fully realised.
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Mackean, Tamara, Elizabeth Withall, Judith Dwyer, and Annabelle Wilson. "Role of Aboriginal Health Workers and Liaison Officers in quality care in the Australian acute care setting: a systematic review." Australian Health Review 44, no. 3 (2020): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah19101.
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the contribution of Aboriginal Health Workers and Liaison Officers (AHWLOs) to quality of care in the acute health care setting in Australia. MethodsA systematic review of peer-reviewed literature focused on the role of AHWLOs and quality processed and quality outcomes. Authors undertook study selection based on inclusion criteria and performed quality assessment using critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. ResultsThe search revealed limited literature that met the inclusion criteria, namely four quantitative studies and one mixed-methods study. The settings of the included studies were mental health and cardiac care units within various hospitals. The studies indicated that AHWLOs may have a positive effect on communication between healthcare professionals and patients, rates of discharge against medical advice and continuity of care. Methodological constraints among the included studies made it difficult to establish specific contributions of AHWLOs to quality care markers across acute care units. ConclusionsThe role of AHWLOs in providing quality care in the acute care setting has received minimal research. The limited existing research highlights the importance of the AHWLO role. For example, AHWLOs may influence patient communication, discharge against medical advice and continuity of care within mental health and cardiac care units. Further, because of methodological constraints among the limited studies, research into the role of AHWLOs in these and other acute care settings is needed to assess effects on a range of specific clinical quality markers. What is known about the topic?Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience unacceptable health inequities. AHWLOs are a unique workforce introduced to increase access to culturally safe care and, ultimately, help to address these inequities. What does this paper add?This review explores the current evidence for the contribution of AHWLOs to quality care in the acute care setting. The findings suggest that these professionals may improve communication between patients and medical staff, improve continuity of care and reduce patient discharge against medical advice. However, these findings highlight that the use of quality care markers across acute care settings is needed to generate tangible evidence to help establish the legitimacy of these health professionals. What are the implications for practitioners?AHWLOs have a place in the acute care team. Although further research is required to expand the preliminary evidence base of their effect on quality acute care, this workforce should be supported at the individual, organisational and policy levels to enhance the health and well-being of one the most vulnerable communities in Australia.
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Langhorne, Peter, Olivia Wu, Helen Rodgers, Ann Ashburn, and Julie Bernhardt. "A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial after stroke (AVERT): a Phase III, multicentre, randomised controlled trial." Health Technology Assessment 21, no. 54 (September 2017): 1–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta21540.
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BackgroundMobilising patients early after stroke [early mobilisation (EM)] is thought to contribute to the beneficial effects of stroke unit care but it is poorly defined and lacks direct evidence of benefit.ObjectivesWe assessed the effectiveness of frequent higher dose very early mobilisation (VEM) after stroke.DesignWe conducted a parallel-group, single-blind, prospective randomised controlled trial with blinded end-point assessment using a web-based computer-generated stratified randomisation.SettingThe trial took place in 56 acute stroke units in five countries.ParticipantsWe included adult patients with a first or recurrent stroke who met physiological inclusion criteria.InterventionsPatients received either usual stroke unit care (UC) or UC plus VEM commencing within 24 hours of stroke.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was good recovery [modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0–2] 3 months after stroke. Secondary outcomes at 3 months were the mRS, time to achieve walking 50 m, serious adverse events, quality of life (QoL) and costs at 12 months. Tertiary outcomes included a dose–response analysis.Data sourcesPatients, outcome assessors and investigators involved in the trial were blinded to treatment allocation.ResultsWe recruited 2104 (UK,n = 610; Australasia,n = 1494) patients: 1054 allocated to VEM and 1050 to UC. Intervention protocol targets were achieved. Compared with UC, VEM patients mobilised 4.8 hours [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.1 to 5.7 hours;p < 0.0001] earlier, with an additional three (95% CI 3.0 to 3.5;p < 0.0001) mobilisation sessions per day. Fewer patients in the VEM group (n = 480, 46%) had a favourable outcome than in the UC group (n = 525, 50%) (adjusted odds ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.90;p = 0.004). Results were consistent between Australasian and UK settings. There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes at 3 months and QoL at 12 months. Dose–response analysis found a consistent pattern of an improved odds of efficacy and safety outcomes in association with increased daily frequency of out-of-bed sessions but a reduced odds with an increased amount of mobilisation (minutes per day).LimitationsUC clinicians started mobilisation earlier each year altering the context of the trial. Other potential confounding factors included staff patient interaction.ConclusionsPatients in the VEM group were mobilised earlier and with a higher dose of therapy than those in the UC group, which was already early. This VEM protocol was associated with reduced odds of favourable outcome at 3 months cautioning against very early high-dose mobilisation. At 12 months, health-related QoL was similar regardless of group. Shorter, more frequent mobilisation early after stroke may be associated with a more favourable outcome.Future workThese results informed a new trial proposal [A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial – DOSE (AVERT–DOSE)] aiming to determine the optimal frequency and dose of EM.Trial registrationThe trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number ACTRN12606000185561, Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN98129255 and ISRCTN98129255.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 54. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Funding was also received from the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia, Singapore Health, Chest Heart and Stroke Scotland, Northern Ireland Chest Heart and Stroke, and the Stroke Association. In addition, National Health and Medical Research Council fellowship funding was provided to Julie Bernhardt (1058635), who also received fellowship funding from the Australia Research Council (0991086) and the National Heart Foundation (G04M1571). The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, which hosted the trial, acknowledges the support received from the Victorian Government via the Operational Infrastructure Support Scheme.
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Porykali, Bobby, Alyse Davies, Cassandra Brooks, Hannah Melville, Margaret Allman-Farinelli, and Julieann Coombes. "Effects of Nutritional Interventions on Cardiovascular Disease Health Outcomes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: A Scoping Review." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 4084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114084.
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Nutrition interventions can support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review examines nutritional interventions aiming to improve CVD outcomes and appraises peer-reviewed interventions using an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool. Five electronic databases and grey literature were searched, applying no time limit. Two reviewers completed the screening, data extraction and quality assessment independently. The study quality was assessed using the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and the Centre of Research Excellence in Aboriginal Chronic Disease Knowledge Translation and Exchange Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool (QAT). Twenty-one nutrition programs were included in this review. Twelve reported on anthropometric measurements, ten on biochemical and/or hematological measurements and sixteen on other outcome domains. Most programs reported improvements in measurable CVD risk factors, including reduced body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), weight, blood pressure and improved lipid profiles. Most programs performed well at community engagement and capacity strengthening, but many lacked the inclusion of Indigenous research paradigms, governance and strengths-based approaches. This review highlights the need for contemporary nutrition programs aimed at improving cardiovascular health outcomes to include additional key cultural components.
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Stuart, D. G. "The research career of Richard B. Stein (1940–)." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82, no. 8-9 (July 1, 2004): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y04-063.
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This report reviews the research and mentoring career of Richard B. Stein (1940–). In 1962, he completed a B.S. degree in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, and thereafter an M.A. (1964), Ph.D. (1966), and postdoctoral training (1966–68) at the University of Oxford, UK. He subsequently assumed a faculty position at the University of Alberta (Canada), where he is currently an active researcher and mentor. To this point in 2004, Stein has trained and collaborated closely with over 160 scientists, largely neuroscientists and biomedical engineers, from 27 countries. He and his former trainees and collaborators have made important contributions on topics that span the cellular-to-behavioral spectrum of movement and rehabilitation–prosthetics neuroscience. His mentors, trainees, and collaborators include scientists whose countries of origin are: Australia, 2; Austria, 1; Belgium, 1; Bulgaria, 1; Canada, 64; China, 6; Denmark, 1; Germany, 1; Great Britain, 16; Hong Kong, 4; India, 5; Iraq, 2; Italy, 2; Japan, 10; Kenya, 1; New Zealand, 4; Pakistan, 1; Palestine, 1; Poland, 1; Romania, 1; South Africa, 1; Sri Lanka, 1; The Netherlands, 1; Turkey, 1; Uruguay, 1; USA, 21; and Yugoslavia, 6. In all instances, Stein's research collaborations and mentoring have advanced the careers of his trainees and junior collaborators, a well-deserved and important compliment to a stellar movement neuroscientist.Key words: movement neuroscience, rehabilitation neuroscience, prosthetics.
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Moreno, Berta, Santiago Veiga, Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver, Raúl Domínguez, and Esther Morencos. "Analysis of Sport Supplement Consumption by Competitive Swimmers According to Sex and Competitive Level." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (August 6, 2022): 3218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153218.
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Sports supplements (SS) are commonly used by athletes to improve their performance. SS use by competitive swimmers is reported to be prevalent but there is no evidence of such use by elite swimmers, either male or female. The objective of this research was to study the patterns of SS use by competitive swimmers based on sex and competitive levels (national and international); Methods: Using the categories of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), a total of 102 competitive swimmers (59 men and 43 women) completed a validated self-administered questionnaire on the use of SS; (3) Results: Overall, 86.9% of swimmers had consumed SSs with no differences observed between males and females (p = 0.247) or between competitive levels (p = 0.597). The SS that were most consumed by swimmers were caffeine (53.5%), sport drinks (52.5%), sport bars (51.5%), and vitamin C (43.4%). SSs categorized as medical supplements were consumed significantly more frequently by international swimmers (p = 0.012), with significant differences also found in the level—sex interaction (p = 0.049); (4) Conclusions: Compared to other sports disciplines, the prevalence of SS consumption is high in competitive swimmers regardless of performance level or gender. However, the consumption of medical supplements was greater in swimmers at a higher performance level.
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FENNER, FRANK. "The medical research institutes of Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 142, no. 3 (February 1985): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb133090.x.
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Lai, Chi-Wan. "Experiences of Accreditation of Medical Education in Taiwan." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 6 (December 20, 2009): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2009.6.2.
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This review aims to introduce the Taiwanese Medical Accreditation System: its history, role and future goals. In 1999, the Ministry of Education, Taiwanese Government commissioned the non-profit National Health Research Institutes (NHRI) to develop a new medical accreditation system. According to that policy, the Taiwan Medical Accreditation Council (TMAC) was established in the same year. The council serves a similar function to that of the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) of the United States and the Australian Medical Council (AMC). The accreditation process consists of a self-assessment plus a four-day site visit by a team of eight medical educators that are headed by one of the council members of the TMAC. The first cycle of initial visits was completed from 2001 to 2004. Subsequent follow-up visits were arranged according to the results of the survey with smaller-sized teams and shorter periods. There is evidence to suggest that the majority (seven of eleven) of the medical schools in Taiwan have made good progress. TMAC?占퐏 next step will be to monitor the progress and raise the standard of medical education in individual schools with a homogenous, superior standard of medical education.
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Office, Editorial. "JACIII Distinguished Editor & Outstanding Reviewer Awards 2022." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 6 (November 20, 2022): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0873.
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The JACIII Distinguished Editor and Outstanding Reviewer Awards were established for the purpose to honor editors who have made a significant contribution to the growth of the JACIII in 2018 and to acknowledge reviewers who have made a significant contribution to reviewing in 2021. We express our deepest gratitude for their professional work, which we believe conductive to development of not only the JACIII but also scientific research. JACIII DISTINGUISHED EDITOR AWARD 2022 Bin Xin (Beijing Institute of Technology, China), Fei Yan (Changchun University of Science and Technology, China), Guohun Zhu (The University of Queensland, Australia), Jinhua She (Tokyo University of Technology, Japan), Keigo Watanabe (Okayama University, Japan), Luefeng Chen (China University of Geosciences, China), Tomohiro Yoshikawa (Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan), Tomomi Hashimoto (Saitama Institute of Technology, Japan), Yasufumi Takama (Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan), Zhen-Tao Liu (China University of Geosciences, China), and Zhihong Peng (Beijing Institute of Technology, China) JACIII OUTSTANDING REVIEWER AWARD 2022 Emi Yuda (Tohoku University, Japan), Kehan Chen (Changchun University of Science and Technology, China), and Weiwu Ren (Changchun University of Science and Technology, China)
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Yam, Carrie H. K., Sian M. Griffiths, S. Liu, Eliza L. Y. Wong, Vincent C. H. Chung, and E. K. Yeoh. "Medical Regulation." Journal of Medical Regulation 102, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-102.1.16.
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The licensing and regulation of physicians is an important topic worldwide and is often tied to discussions in various countries of health care system reform. We conducted a review of current practices for regulating physicians as a key group of health care professionals in eight jurisdictions in Asia and other parts of the world in order to draw implications for the development of future regulatory policies in Hong Kong. Jurisdictions studied included Australia, Canada, China, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. A literature search, supplemented by interviews, was conducted. In analyzing information gathered about global regulatory systems, we used a framework for comparing regulatory typology, developed by the RAND Europe research institute. Our review found that the jurisdictions studied exhibited both similarities and differences in terms of how physicians are regulated and by whom. As a result of our search, we were able to identify 10 key trends in international medical regulation of importance to Hong Kong as it considers reforms to its health care system overall:Changes in medical regulation are seen as a way of improving the quality of patient care.Reform of medical regulation often requires government legislation.The creation of common principles for policies, structures and the organization of regulation between professions is an emerging practice.The involvement of lay people on boards and in inquiries is increasingly common.Medical regulation is moving away from models of self-regulation and toward regulatory models that emphasize partnership between professions and the public, physicians and patients.Health care providers and institutional regulators play complementary roles in medical regulation.Regulation impacts the quality of care — not just the detection and remediation of poor performance.Investigatory and disciplinary functions are increasingly separated and organized independently of each other.Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is compulsory for physicians in many jurisdictions.Overseas medical graduates are admitted into practice in different ways from country to country. These trends are important for regulators in all countries to note as they assess the basic structure and effectiveness of their own medical regulatory systems.
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Donner, Daniel G., Helen Kiriazis, Xiao-Jun Du, Thomas H. Marwick, and Julie R. McMullen. "Improving the quality of preclinical research echocardiography: observations, training, and guidelines for measurement." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 315, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): H58—H70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00157.2018.
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Informal training in preclinical research may be a contributor to the poor reproducibility of preclinical cardiology research and low rates of translation into clinical research and practice. Mouse echocardiography is a widely used technique to assess cardiac structure and function in drug intervention studies using disease models. The interobserver variability of clinical echocardiographic measurements has been shown to improve with formalized training, but preclinical echocardiography lacks similarly critical standardization of training. The aims of this investigation were to assess the interobserver variability of echocardiographic measurements from studies in mice and address any technical impediments to reproducibility by implementing standardized guidelines through formalized training. In this prospective, single-site, observational cohort study, 13 scientists performing preclinical echocardiographic image analysis were assessed for measurement of short-axis M-mode-derived dimensions and calculated left ventricular (LV) mass. Ten M-mode images of mouse hearts acquired and analyzed by an expert researcher with a spectrum of LV mass were selected for assessment and validated by autopsy weight. After the initial observation, a structured formal training program was introduced, and accuracy and reproducibility were reevaluated. Mean absolute percentage error for expert-calculated LV mass was 6 ± 4% compared with autopsy LV mass and 25 ± 21% for participants before training. Standardized formal training improved participant mean absolute percentage error by ~30% relative to expert-calculated LV mass ( P < 0.001). Participants initially categorized with high-range error (25–45%) improved to low-moderate error ranges (<15–25%). This report reveals an example of technical skill training insufficiency likely endemic to preclinical research and provides validated guidelines for echocardiographic measurement for adaptation to formalized in-training programs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The informal training common to academic/research institutions may be a contributor to the relatively poor reproducibility observed for preclinical cardiac research. In our observation of echocardiography analysis in murine models, we present evidence of moderate interobserver variability in standard preclinical research practice at an Australian heart research institute. These observations give rise to our recommendations for practical guidelines for echocardiography analysis in an adaptable approach to general preclinical research skill training. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/preclinical-echocardiography-training-and-guidelines/ .
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Nguyen, Mike, Tate Jacobson, Babak Tamjid, Javier Torres, Arvind Sahu, and Alysson Wann. "Potential length of stay reduction with outpatient management of low risk febrile neutropenia in a regional cancer centre." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e18000-e18000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18000.
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e18000 Background: Febrile neutropenia is a serious complication of chemotherapy. The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk index score can reliably identify patients with febrile neutropenia at low risk of serious complications. Outpatient management programs utilising protocol based risk stratification, daily ambulatory nursing visits, telephone follow up and early outpatient review have been successfully piloted in other Australian cancer treatment centres. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records for all patients admitted at our institution with febrile neutropenia between January 1 2016 and December 31 2018. We collected information regarding patient characteristics, cancer diagnosis and treatment, determined the MASCC risk index score, and if low risk, we determined the potential eligibility for outpatient care and potential reduction in length of stay. Results: A total of 98 hospital admissions with febrile neutropenia were analysed. Of these, 66 were determined to have a MASCC low risk index score. 58 patients met the eligibility criteria for outpatient management. The median age was 67 years. 71% were female. The most common tumour type was breast cancer. 52% were treated with palliative intent. The median length of stay was 3 days. The median potential reduction in length of stay for each admission was 2 days. The total potential reduction in length of stay was 198 days. No admission resulted in serious complications indicating the safety of outpatient care. Conclusions: Febrile neutropenia is a common complication of chemotherapy and a leading cause of hospital admission. This review demonstrates a significant number of hospital admission days can be avoided with outpatient care. We intend to conduct a prospective pilot study at our centre to institute an outpatient febrile neutropenia program for such low risk groups with potential reduction in hospital bed length of stay. This has significant implications on health resource usage, service provision planning and patient quality of life.
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Yang, Xi, Lilit Karapetyan, Andrew D. Knight, Cindy Sander, William E. Gooding, and John M. Kirkwood. "Abstract 5877: Evaluation of the Melanoma Institute Australia nomogram in predicting sentinel lymph node positivity in patients with cutaneous melanoma." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5877.
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Abstract Background: The Melanoma Institute Australia (MIA) nomogram was developed to predict the positivity of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. We sought to validate the MIA nomogram against the University of Pittsburgh SPORE database. The secondary aim was to assess whether the addition of the degree of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and location of the primary melanoma increases the predictive value of the nomogram. Methods: Patients were managed in the Melanoma Center of the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center (HCC) and the Melanoma and Skin Cancer Program (MSCP) SPORE Database. The status of SLN, primary location and degree of TIL infiltration, and the parameters adopted by the MIA nomogram including age, histological type, Breslow thickness, mitotic rate, ulceration, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were recorded from the electronic medical record. The MIA nomogram performance was evaluated by the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated for the most accurate cut-off value. Logistic regression was used to assess the effects of TIL and the location of melanoma. Results: In total, 68 patients were assessed, 44 (64.7%) with negative SLN, and 24 (35.3%) with positive SLN. The median age (interquartile range, IQR) was 60.5 years (49.8, 68.3). The most common histological subtype was nodular n=43 (63.2%) followed by 18 (26.5%) superficial spreading, 4 (5.8%) lentigo maligna, and 3 (4.5%) desmoplastic. Median Breslow thickness (IQR) was 3.9 mm (3.0-5.1). Ulceration was present in 47 (69.1%), and 14 (20.6%) had a LVI identified. The mitotic rate was 0, 1/mm2, 2/mm2, 3/mm2, and >=4/mm2 in 6 (8.8%), 13 (19.1%), 12 (17.6%), 8 (11.8%), and 29 (42.6%) cases, respectively. TIL was absent, non-brisk, and brisk in 16 (23.5%), 40 (58.9%), 12 (17.6%) of cases, respectively. Location for 32 (47.6) was the trunk, 29 (42.6%) the extremities, and 7 (10.3%) the head and neck area. The AUC was 72% with 95% CI (58%-85%). At the most accurate cutoff value the MIA nomogram had 54% sensitivity, 84% specificity, 65% positive predictive value, 77% negative predictive value, and 74% accuracy. Location of melanoma and TIL did not demonstrate any significant predictive value beyond the risk score (p=0.24 and p=0.92, respectively). Conclusion: The MIA nomogram demonstrated only fair predictive value. Neither location of melanoma nor TIL were significant when added to risk score. The evaluation of additional factors, such as the gene expression profile, is warranted to improve prediction of SLN status. Citation Format: Xi Yang, Lilit Karapetyan, Andrew D. Knight, Cindy Sander, William E. Gooding, John M. Kirkwood. Evaluation of the Melanoma Institute Australia nomogram in predicting sentinel lymph node positivity in patients with cutaneous melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5877.
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Bei, Bei, Donna Pinnington, Nina Quin, Lin Shen, Michelle Blumfield, Joshua Wiley, Sean Drummond, Louise Newman, and Rachel Manber. "340 Improving maternal sleep via cognitive behavioral intervention: A randomised controlled trial from pregnancy to 2 years postpartum." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.339.
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Abstract Introduction Maternal sleep disturbance is common during pregnancy and postpartum periods. This study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of a scalable cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) sleep intervention tailored for these periods. Methods This is a two-arm, parallel-group, single-blind, superiority randomised controlled trial. Nulliparous women without major medical/psychiatric conditions were randomised 1:1 to CBT or active control of equal frequency/duration. All participants received a 1-hr telephone session and automated multimedia emails from the 3rd trimester until 6 months postpartum. Outcomes were assessed with validated instruments at gestation weeks 30 (baseline) and 35 (pregnancy endpoint), and postpartum months 1.5, 3, 6 (postpartum endpoint), 12, and 24. Results 163 eligible participants (age M +/- SD = 33.35 +/- 3.42) were randomised. The CBT intervention was well accepted, with no reported adverse effect. Intention-to-treat analyses showed that compared to active control, receiving CBT was associated with lower insomnia severity and sleep disturbance (two primary outcomes), and lower sleep-related impairment at the pregnancy endpoint (p-values ≤ .001), as well as at 24 months postpartum (p ranges .012-.052). Group differences across the first postpartum year were nonsignificant. Women with elevated insomnia symptoms at baseline benefitted substantially more from CBT (vs control), including having significantly lower insomnia symptoms throughout the first postpartum year. Group differences in symptoms of depression or anxiety were nonsignificant. Conclusion A scalable CBT sleep intervention is efficacious in buffering against sleep disturbance during pregnancy, with long-term benefits to maternal sleep, especially for women with sleep complaints during pregnancy. The intervention holds promise for implementation into routine perinatal care. Support (if any) Data collection was supported by Rob Pierce Grant-in-Aid and Helen Bearpark Scholarship from Australasian Sleep Association, Strategic Grant Scheme from Monash University, and the Royal Women’s Hospital Foundation. Intervention materials were adapted from those developed via a National Institute of Health R01 grant (NR013662). Bei (APP1140299) and Wiley (APP1178487) are supported by National Health and Medical Research Council Fellowships, and Pinnington, Quin, Shen by Australian Postgraduate Awards by Department of Education and Training. The funder of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.
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Green, Tim, Brittany Hand, Monika Skubisz, Karen Best, Luke Grzeskowiak, Emma Knight, Geraint Rogers, and Steven Taylor. "The Effect of Iron Supplements on the Gut Microbiome of Non-pregnant Women of Reproductive Age: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac069.014.
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Abstract Objectives Blanket iron supplementation during pregnancy is not recommended in Australia. However, many women take iron as part of a prenatal supplement, often at doses >60 mg/day. Iron supplementation may negatively affect the maternal intestinal microbiome by increasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and decreasing commensal bacteria. It is not known if iron supplements alter the microbiome of pregnant women. Here we aim to determine if iron supplementation alters the gut microbiome of non-pregnant women of childbearing age. Methods In this two-arm parallel design, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, women (18–45 y) were randomized to take an iron supplement (60 mg elemental iron) or a placebo capsule for 21 days. The primary outcome was microbiota beta-diversity (paired-sample weighted UniFrac dissimilarity) between iron and placebo groups in stool samples collected at baseline and 21 days. A secondary outcome was to determine the effect of iron on Escherichia-Shigella genus relative abundance. Results Eighty-two women were randomized, 40 and 42 to iron and placebo groups, respectively. Attrition was < 3% (n = 2) and 97% of women took >80% of their study supplements. On Day 21, there was no difference in mean (95% CI) weighted UniFrac between iron and placebo groups [0.003 (−1.4, 0.7) P = 0.52]. There was no difference in the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella after 21 days between groups. Conclusions For the outcomes we assessed, we did not find an effect of iron supplementation on the microbiome in non-pregnant women. Studies should be carried out in pregnant women, particularly in settings where water and sanitation are poor, and the natural abundance of pathogenic bacteria is higher. Funding Sources South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Seed Funding Grants for Early/Mid-Career Researchers.
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Domínguez, Raúl, Rubén López-Domínguez, Álvaro López-Samanes, Pol Gené, José Antonio González-Jurado, and Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver. "Analysis of Sport Supplement Consumption and Body Composition in Spanish Elite Rowers." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 3871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123871.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the anthropometric characteristics and sport supplement (SS) consumption patterns of heavyweight and lightweight international rowers. Methods: The 13 heavyweights (11 males) and seven lightweights (five males) of the Spanish National Rowing Team were recruited for the study. Body composition was measured by bio-impedance analysis, and the questionnaire used in this investigation was previously validated to assess SS consumption. According to anthropometrics parameters, it was reported that male heavyweight rowers were heavier (p < 0.001) and taller (p < 0.001), but no statistical differences were reported for % body fat (p = 0.104) or % lean body mass (p = 0.161). All rowers reported consumption of at least one SS. Based on the Australian Institute of Sport’s classification, higher medical supplement consumption was observed when comparing heavyweight rowers to lightweight rowers (2.5 ± 1.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5, p = 0.040). There were no differences in the totals of group A (strong scientific evidence for sports scenarios, p = 0.069), group B (emerging scientific support, deserving of further research, p = 0.776), or group C (scientific evidence not supportive of benefit and/or security amongst athletes, p = 0.484). The six most consumed SSs were iron (85%), caffeine (85%), β-alanine (85%), energy bars (85%), vitamin supplements (80%), and isotonic drinks (80%), with no statistical differences between heavyweight and lightweight rowers (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the absence of differences in body composition (expressed as a percentage) do not represent anthropometric disadvantages for heavyweight rowers. In addition, SS consumption was similar between rowers, reporting only higher medical supplement consumption in heavyweight rowers.
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Segal, Nancy L. "The 2016 Satellite Meeting of the International Society of Twin Studies: An Overview/Tribute to Irving I. Gottesman/Research: MZ Twinning After Single Embryo Transfer; Twin Study of Mononucleosis; Cerebral Injury After Twin-To-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Surgery/Human Interest: Sixteen Twin Pairs Born in a Single Hospital; Death of an Identical Twin Playwright; Twin Themes in Advertising; Conjoined Twins Separated in Saudi Arabia; Murder of One Twin By Her Co-Twin Disproved." Twin Research and Human Genetics 19, no. 5 (August 15, 2016): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2016.64.
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The 2016 Satellite Meeting of the International Society of Twin Studies took place on June 20 in Brisbane, Australia. The host institution was the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute. An overview of selected presentations and activities is provided. This synopsis is followed by a brief tribute to the recent passing of our esteemed colleague, Dr Irving I. Gottesman. Next, there are summaries of research on monozygotic twinning after single embryo transfer, a twin study of mononucleosis susceptibility, cerebral injury following twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome surgery, and a correction and clarification regarding an article by Segal (2016) on the Brazilian Twin Registry. Human interest articles cover a hospital whose 2015 newborns included 16 pairs of twins born in 1 month, the death of an identical twin playwright, twin themes in advertising, conjoined twins separated in Saudi Arabia, and the dismissed charges of the murder of one twin by her co-twin.
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Shanthosh, Janani, Deksha Kapoor, Lakshmi K. Josyula, Anushka Patel, Yashdeep Gupta, Nikhil Tandon, Stephen Jan, et al. "Lifestyle InterVention IN Gestational diabetes (LIVING) in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka: protocol for process evaluation of a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e037774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037774.
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IntroductionThe development of type 2 diabetes mellitus disproportionately affects South Asian women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The Lifestyle InterVention IN Gestational diabetes (LIVING) Study is a randomised controlled trial of a low-intensity lifestyle modification programme tailored to women with previous GDM, in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, aimed at preventing diabetes/pre-diabetes. The aim of this process evaluation is to understand what worked, and why, during the LIVING intervention implementation, and to provide additional data that will assist in the interpretation of the LIVING Study results. The findings will also inform future scale-up efforts if the intervention is found to be effective.Methods and analysisThe Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) methodological approach informed the evaluation framework. Michie’s Behaviour Change Theory and Normalisation Process Theory were used to guide the design of our qualitative evaluation tools within the overall RE-AIM evaluation framework. Mixed methods including qualitative interviews, focus groups and quantitative analyses will be used to evaluate the intervention from the perspectives of the women receiving the intervention, facilitators, site investigators and project management staff. The evaluation will use evaluation datasets, administratively collected process data accessed during monitoring visits, check lists and logs, quantitative participant evaluation surveys, semistructured interviews and focus group discussions. Interview participants will be recruited using maximum variation purposive sampling. We will undertake thematic analysis of all qualitative data, conducted contemporaneously with data collection until thematic saturation has been achieved. To triangulate data, the analysis team will engage in constant iterative comparison among data from various stakeholders.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the respective human research ethics committees of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and site-specific approval at each local site in the three countries: India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This includes approvals from the Institutional Ethics Committee at King Edwards Memorial Hospital, Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Centre for Disease Control New Delhi, Goa Medical College, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Christian Medical College Vellore, Fernandez Hospital Foundation, Castle Street Hospital for Women, University of Kelaniya, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Birdem General Hospital and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research. Findings will be documented in academic publications, presentations at scientific meetings and stakeholder workshops.Trial registration numbersClinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2017/06/008744); Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry (SLCTR/2017/001) and ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03305939); Pre-results.
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Pallari, Elena, Anthony W. Fox, and Grant Lewison. "Differential research impact in cancer practice guidelines’ evidence base: lessons from ESMO, NICE and SIGN." ESMO Open 3, no. 1 (January 2018): e000258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000258.
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BackgroundThis is an appraisal of the impact of cited research evidence underpinning the development of cancer clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) by the professional bodies of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN).MethodsA total of 101 CPGs were identified from ESMO, NICE and SIGN websites across 13 cancer sites. Their 9486 cited references were downloaded from the Web of Science Clarivate Group database, analysed on Excel (2016) using Visual Basic Application macros and imported onto SPSS (V.24.0) for statistical tests.ResultsESMO CPGs mostly cited research from Western Europe, while the NICE and SIGN ones from the UK, Canada, Australia and Scandinavian countries. The ESMO CPGs cited more recent and basic research (eg, drugs treatment), in comparison with NICE and SIGN CPGs where older and more clinical research (eg, surgery) papers were referenced. This chronological difference in the evidence base is also in line with that ESMO has a shorter gap between the publication of the research and its citation on the CPGs. It was demonstrated that ESMO CPGs report more chemotherapy research, while the NICE and SIGN CPGs report more surgery, with the results being statistically significant.ConclusionsWe showed that ESMO, NICE and SIGN differ in their evidence base of CPGs. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this heterogeneity in effective decision-making of tailored treatments to patients, irrespective of geographic location across Europe.
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Briggs, David. "In this Issue." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 14, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v14i1.223.
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This issue is a Special Issue in that it predominantly features a series of articles that have arisen from the CPCE Health Conference 2019. The special issue commences with an editorial where Professor Yuen emphasises the ongoing collaboration with this Journal, the ACHSM and the Hong College of health Services Executives and with the CPCE. His leadership and contribution are appreciated.
The first article of the Special Issue is by Hasegawa, Matsumoto, and Hirata of Toho University Tokyo Japan who present an article entitled ‘Aging and Diversity of Medical Needs: Cost of Illness of Cerebrovascular Disease in Each Prefecture of Japan. This is followed by the contribution from Ng, Fong and Kwong of Hong Kong on the ‘Transition of hospital acute-centric to long term care in an ageing population in Hong Kong - is it an issue of service gap’. In the next article, Chu and Chong of Hong Kong address the ‘Oncology Pharmacist’s role and the impact on multidisciplinary patient-centred practice of oncology clinic in public hospitals in Hong Kong. Two interesting articles follow from Kwan, Yick and Wong of the Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University of Hong Kong who provide a research article on the ‘Impact of Co- creation Footwear Workshops on Older Women in Elderly Centres in Hong Kong’ and the following article from Yick, Yip and Ng, again from the Institute of Textiles and Clothing and from the Division of Science and Technology of the Hong Kong College of the same University. The latter article examines the importance of thermal comfort in foot wear design for the elderly and is entitled ‘Thermal equations for predicting foot skin temperature’. In conclusion, Kwong and Fong provide a review article on a contemporary issue of ‘promotion of appropriate use of electronic devices among Hong Kong adolescents.
We thank Professor Yuen and his authors for this important contribution to our understanding of humane, wholistic and integrated care from diverse international health systems.
In support of this effort of our colleagues above, we have added some more articles ready for publication. This includes an editorial on Health Reform that was prompted by my plenary session contribution at the CPCE Hong Kong Conference. We also continue the international emphasis of this issue with a contribution from Sharma of Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Northern India with a research article on the ‘Extrinsic Rewards, Occupational Commitment, Career Entrenchment and Career Satisfaction of Dentists’. Our next article is by Mak and colleagues in a research article entitled ‘What is the Professional Identity of Allied Health Managers?’ Isouard and Martin provide a further contribution about the Australian workforce in an article entitled ‘Managers of aged care residential services: 2006-2016.’ Way and colleagues conclude this issue with an analysis of management practice in one local health district in Australia entitled ‘The pursuit of purposeful partnerships-making a health matrix successful’.
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McRae, Tracy, John Jacky, Janine McNamara, Slade Sibosado, Janella Isaac, Joshua Augustine, Rosanna Smith, Jessica Bunning, and Asha Bowen. "Keeping it real: Virtual connection with SToP trial community navigators." Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 1, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/aihjournal.v1n1.5.
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Building trust and forging relationships with remote Aboriginal communities is an essential element of culturally informed, reciprocal research. Historically these relationships have been formed over-time where community members and researchers come together face to face to share their knowledge and yarn in both an informal and formal manner. Researchers from Telethon Kids Institute are partnering with local stakeholders and remote Aboriginal communities in the Kimberley, Western Australia (WA) to support healthy skin through the SToP (See, Treat, Prevent skin sores and scabies) Trial. The SToP trial, a collaboration between Telethon Kids Institute, Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Services (KAMS), Nirrumbuk Environmental Health Services and Western Australia Country Health Services (WACHS) – Kimberley is a clustered randomised trial with a stepped-wedge design. SToP trial consultation with stakeholders and communities commenced in 2016 to proceed consenting in 2018 and trial commencement in 2019. Since that time, the SToP trial team have been conducting intermittent fieldwork in nine remote Aboriginal communities in the Kimberley. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic when Aboriginal health leaders recommended a cessation to research related travel in northern WA from March 11, 2020 to prevent the incursion of COVID-19 into Aboriginal communities with health vulnerabilities, crucial face-to-face yarning was no longer possible. At the time it appeared the existing relationships with communities involved in our research (the SToP trial) would be challenging to maintain without this ability to visit the communities. Fortunately, when tested, this assumption was erroneous. Here we report the successful use of technology to bridge the inability to visit communities in 2020 due to COVID-19. The Telethon Kulunga Aboriginal Unit (Kulunga) and SToP trial team members were able to connect virtually with Community Navigators from the Dampier Peninsula communities. The initial virtual meeting using Microsoft Teams technology involved four Community Navigators and their mentor, three Telethon Kids Institute and five Kulunga staff members. Community Navigators joined Microsoft Teams from their respective communities and Kulunga and Telethon Kids Institute staff joined from their homes. Not only was this an exciting new way of communicating, it enabled existing relationships to continue to be strengthened. Since the initial meeting, the teams have continued to meet virtually, and plan SToP trial health promotion activities including a community-driven, collaborative music video. While the significance of face-to-face yarning can never be overstated, having to adjust to a new way of yarning has reiterated the importance of connection, albeit virtually. Unfortunately, due to technical limitations, intermittent internet connectivity and various other challenges, there has been no opportunity to engage virtually with SToP trial communities in the East Kimberley. However, we continue to seek ways where virtual communication in these communities is possible.