Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Australian Medical Research Institute'
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1
Williams, Stephen John, and n/a. "A case study of the relationship between sports science research practice and elite coaches' perceived needs." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060530.101909.
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Elite coaches consider aspects of sports science when preparing athletes for
competition. Sports scientists conduct applied research and a fundamental purpose of
sports science research is to produce knowledge that helps improve the performance of
elite athletes. In view of the considerable resources being directed toward research and
coaching at the elite level, there is a need to conduct research to identify the relationship
between research and coaching practice at the elite level.
Australia has an institute of sport or academy of sport in each state and territory
dedicated to the development of team and individual sports, both Olympic and non-
Olympic. In the area of elite athlete performance, the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS)
has gained an international reputation for excellence, and the AIS Research Centre has
achieved international recognition for the quality of research projects directed toward
the performance of elite athletes. Sports scientists at Australian universities also
undertake research related to elite coaching, some of which has occurred in partnership
with researchers at Australian institutes of sport.
The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between sports science
research at Australian institutes of sport and post-graduate sports science research in
Australian universities, and how elite coaches in Australia perceive sports science
research practice meeting the needs of elite coaching.
A case study method was selected for this thesis, which involved the following data
gathering instruments: a survey of 225 elite coaches and 125 sports science researchers,
follow-up interviews of elite coaches and sports science researchers, and document
analysis of 725 research projects conducted at Australian institutes of sport and postgraduate
theses at Master and Doctoral level at Australian universities. An analysis was
also conducted to assess the sports science content contained in the National Coaching
Accreditation Scheme's Level Three course material. A schedule was developed for the
document analysis called the "Williams Sports Science Research Schedule". Interviews
were conducted with elite key informants to validate a model that was developed fiom
the study.
Results of the study revealed a degree of congruence between the perceptions of elite
coaches and sports science researchers regarding the research needs of elite coaches and
the research activity of sports science researchers. A model, called the "Elite Sports
Research Model" was developed to describe that relationship. The Elite Sports Research
Model contains four components, namely: coach knowledge, information seeking/dissemination strategies, qualities valued in an elite coach and a sports science
researcher, and application of research. Within the model, particular perspectives of
elite coaches and particular perspectives of sports science researchers were identified.
Some differences were found between elite coaches of team sports and elite coaches of
individual sports, as well as some differences between researchers at institutes of sports
and researchers at universities. At the elite level in Australia a relationship was found
between sports science research activity and the research needs of elite coaches.
With the increase in support for elite coaching and sports science research in Australia
and internationally, the results of this study should help to inform improvement in
sports science research programs that support elite coaching practice.
2
Erdey, Nancy Carol. "Armor of patience : the National Cancer Institute and the development of medical research policy in the United States, 1937-1971 /." Diss., Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1058363714.
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Huan, Xiang Quan. "Depot cytokines and chemokines for antitumor therapy in a mouse model /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18435.pdf.
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Anraku, Itaru. "Induction of long lasting protective CD8+ T lymphocyte responses by Kunjin replicon-based vaccine vectors /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18960.pdf.
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5
Ye, Mao. "Project management for quality control research of traditional Chinese medicine based on technological innovation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2159438.
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6
Scaife, Wendy A. "Transforming human energy to power for change : development principles for charitable health organisations seeking to optimise community and other support of Australian medical science." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36364/1/36364_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes January 27, 2014." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312203.
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8
Vice, President Research Office of the. "Newswire." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2661.
Full textAbstract:
UBC's research community recently received a significant boost in financial support for five research hubs that will join the Centre for Brain Health as newly appointed national Centres of Excellence for Commercialization and Research (CECR).
Two UBC economics professors were recognized with separate Bank of Canada awards: the Research Fellowship 2008 and the Governor's Award.
UBC's Brain Research Centre has recevied $25 million from the Province of BC to establish a new facility focused on translational brain research.
9
Derrick, G. E. "Institutionalising the agora : investigating the evolution of public accountability in Australian medical research institutes." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149722.
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10
Tseng, Wen Chih, and 曾文智. "Research on Clinical Genetic Test -- Test Institute, Professional, and Medical device." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94717460328057329220.
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11
Du, Plessis Louis Stephen. "The design of a new Cancer Research Institute and Laboratories for Durban." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2334.
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Medical research is not only a necessary part in the quest to improve the quality of life for people by finding new diagnostic procedures and treatment; it is also a multi billion rand endeavour. Africa itself poses a huge challenge in providing facilities to respond to the global network engaged in medical research. South Africa has responded in part to this need, and is a pioneer in medical research for the continent. In essence, the continent not only provides great challenges, but also great opportunities for research. Many of its facilities engage in collaborative research with global institutions, but these established ties do not adequately fulfil the capacity required. In addition to this, the research environment is constantly evolving. Not only is the process constantly changing, but also the environments in which the research is conducted and the attitude as to how research should be conducted. To stay as current in the field of medical research, new institutions need to respond to the technical, practical and philosophical changes in the field. The National Health Laboratory Services, a South African chapter 21 institution involved in research and diagnosis, is the proposed client for the cancer research institute to be designed. It has established research credentials in cancer; pioneering the national cancer register; and has established links to other national organisations, such as the Medical Research Council of South Africa.Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
12
Lambert, Jacqueline Ann. "A history of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies 1959 -1989 : an analysis of how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people achieved control of a national research institute." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151396.
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The Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (AlAS) was set up to record Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures before they disappeared forever. Proposed by Liberal parliamentarian WC Wentworth in 1959, the Commonwealth Government established it in 1961 and made it permanent through an Act of Parliament in 1964. This history focuses on its first thirty years, ending in 1989, the year the Institute came under a new Act, which introduced changes to its character and governance.
In the 1960s, the Institute's focus was on 'traditional' Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures and most research took place in remote Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people had no input into the Institute's activities other than as 'informants'. By 1989, they were involved in all facets of the Institute's operations including its governance. Informed by the work of Michel Foucault on power/knowledge and truth and on governmentality, and in the context of the broader political and social environment, this thesis will explore the history of AlAS to identify the factors, both internal and external, that led to the changes. It will address the Institute's relationship with the Academy (including the conflict between academic disciplines within AlAS), and the ideological battles for its control between academics; Aboriginal people and the Academy; and Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal scholars and the government. It will seek to explain how a relatively powerless group of Aboriginal people (with the help of their non-Aboriginal supporters) managed, over time and in the face of the power of the Academy, to control the Institute.
13
Kelly, Janet. "Moving forward together in Aboriginal women's health a participatory action research exploring knowledge sharing, working together and addressing issue collaboratively in urban primary health care settings /." 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090324.084222/index.html.
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Cooper, Melissa Kaye. "Australian Regulatory Requirements for Migration and Registration of Internationally Qualified Health Practitioners." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/130112.
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Internationally qualified health practitioners (IQHP) seeking to live and work in Australia are required to obtain the appropriate skilled migration visa through an assessment by the Department of Home Affairs and the approved assessing authority and registration by the relevant health practitioner board. Regulators create policy frameworks, standards and assessment models to meet the requirements of the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (as in force in each state and territory) and the legislation governing Australia’s General Skilled Migration program.
This research investigated the current policies and processes governing skilled migration and registration for internationally qualified nurses, midwives and doctors in Australia. The study was informed by rich qualitative data extracted from 28 in-depth semi-structured participant interviews. Shared experiences were mapped and examined for four key participant groups: assessors operationalising the current policies and processes governing skilled migration and registration; educators offering preparatory and training programs to IQHP; workforce agencies engaging with and recruiting IQHP; and internationally qualified doctors, nurses and midwives from across the globe.
Key themes and points of intersection between the participants’ experiences and the regulatory frameworks were identified using theory and data-driven coding and thematic analysis via NVivo 12 plus software. The findings were presented in three papers. Paper one, a policy perspective, examined current views, regulatory reviews and overall governance of skilled migration and registration of IQHP in Australia. Paper two, a case study, presented key themes and points of intersection identified between regulatory frameworks and shared experiences of 28 research participants separated into four discrete groups. The final paper presented the lived experiences of the second participant group, 15 IQHP, who described their complex, culturally challenging and costly journeys seeking their shared dream of living and working in Australia.
The research provides information and recommendations to assist regulators in ensuring that the standards, policy frameworks and organisational processes used to assess the suitability of IQHP for skilled migration and entry onto the Australian health practitioners register and ultimately into the health workforce are fair, transparent, consistent, equitable and robust, and assist in ensuring IQHP demonstrate the necessary qualifications and experience for protection of the Australian public. It is clear from the research that further exploration and more innovative and evidence-based solutions are required to support and reform the standards, guidelines and policy which are used to regulate and assess IQHP.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Nursing School, 2020
15
Singh, Harpreet. "An Innovative Learning Management Approach for improving learning practices in Australian University Context." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/43992/.
Full textAbstract:
With rapid expansion in knowledge streams over the last few years, the role of relevant education models and mechanisms have become increasingly important. Smarter Learning Management Systems (LMS) devised to enable student learnings at the university level have proven to be effective, yet the previous research points to the lack of employers’ perspective in the design of such systems. To bridge the existing gaps in the learning management systems, this study applied Design Science Research Methodology to design and develop an LMS artefact. This informed by the analysis of qualitative data collected from a random sample of students in graduate and post-graduate programs and teachers from universities in Melbourne, Australia. This artefact is a mobile-based application named Student Career Assistance System (SCAS). SCAS was designed, developed and evaluated in accordance with the DSR methodologies towards creating a solution which caters to the information and learning needs of the students, teachers and employers in an integrated manner.
This thesis by publication consists of four papers. Article 1 developed a theoretical analysis based on the Smart Education concept under which a systematic literature review is conducted. The purpose of this work is to provide a theoretical foundation for an initial innovative approach called Students Career Assistance System (SCAS) by describing the present state of Smart Education research. Article 2 initialises the concept of developing a cloud based collective platform with industry involvement in the Learning systems. Article 3 builds and assesses a novel idea of mobile-based learning technology for strengthening current LMS techniques using and assessing Design Science Research Methodology. For this a pilot study has been conducted and interviewed stakeholders. Article 4 details the design research and process towards development of an integrated learning management system and its evaluation using qualitative findings.
Qualitative research conducted with user groups both revealed and confirmed the lack of integration of employability functions in existing learning management systems. In case of select systems with employment functions, lack of awareness regarding the same was reported by both students and teachers. Additionally, it was found that separate employment platforms deployed in the institutions were also not being used by the students because of lack of awareness, thereby making a stronger case for inclusion of the employment functionality within the primary LMS. This can allow students to seamlessly greater clarity regarding career pathways after graduation. In fact, students reported lack of clarity about career pathways after graduation because of lack of exposure to the industry employers. Certain functionalities of SCAS like ‘Jobs’ and ‘Portfolios’ also have the potential of saving time and money resources for different user-groups. This study also outlines key areas for the investigation which primarily include security concerns such as data integrity, information confidentiality and entity authentication for data availability. This study concludes through an evaluation of the SCAS artefact, deriving insights and recommendations for further development of the artefact. The key recommendations include integration of existing online products and services to address the privacy and security concerns of the user groups in a manner that enables the platform in facilitating dynamic conversations between the students, teachers and employers.
16
Gao, Xiaojiang. "Nucleotide sequence diversity of HLA class II genes in Australian Aborigines and populations of Asia-Oceania." Phd thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/13687.
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The aim of this thesis was to investigate nucleotide
sequence diversity of HLA class II genes in Australian
Aborigines and indigenous peoples of Asia-Oceania. Nineteen
study populations represented eight major ethnic groups
including Australian Aborigines, Papua New Guinean
highlanders, coastal Melanesians, Polynesians, Micronesians,
Javanese, southern and northern Chinese, and a minority group
from northwestern China. Using PCR-based technologies, the
nucleotide sequence polymorphism in exon 2 DRB1, DRB3, DRB5,
DQA1 and DQB1 genes was examined in all these populations. The
DPB1 exon 2 polymorphism was examined in Australian Aborigines
and a Chinese population.
Six novel HLA class II alleles including four DRB1, one
DRB5 and one DPBl were discovered in this study by the
occurrence of unusual hybridization patterns in the PCR-SSO
typing procedure and were confirmed by DNA Sequencing. These
new alleles, DRB1*0412, 1408, 1409, 1410, DRB5*0203 and
DBP1*2201 have been recognized by the WHO Nomenclature
Committee. The nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid
sequences of the novel class II alleles indicated that
multiple molecular mechanisms were involved in generating
these alleles including point mutation and hypermutational
events of segmental transfer and intra-exonic recombination.
In two cases (DRB1*0412 and DRB1*1410), hypermutational events
have created unique peptide binding sites which are
drastically different from all their putative progenitor
molecules. Five of the six novel alleles were found in
Australian Aborigines and four novel DRB1 alleles were
detected in 45% of the Aboriginal individuals tested.
PCR-SSO typing revealed some HLA class II polymorphisms
previously difficult or impossible to detect with more
traditional typing techniques. Remarkable differences in the
V
class II HLA allele frequency distributions, especially in the
subtypes of major DR antigen groups, were observed between the
study populations. Australian Aborigines showed the most
divergent class II HLA profile; most of their DRB1 alleles did
not overlap with other study populations. PNG highlanders and
Javanese were highly homogeneous with quite restricted class
II HLA distributions. Other Oceanic populations of
Polynesians, Micronesians and coastal Melanesians were each
characterized with unique class II HLA distribution but shared
common features which indicated their historical ties.
Distinctive HLA distributions were observed between Chinese
populations from southern and northern China, while the
minority group from northwestern China demonstrated a mixed
ancestry of both Caucasoids and Orientals.
Further information came from the analysis of HLA-DR, -DQ
haplotypes. A total of 80 three-locus or four-locus DR-DQ
combinations including 16 DR2-related, 12 DR4-related, 11 DR5-
related, and 24 DR6-related haplotypes were inferred from the
study populations. Haplotype frequencies were used to
calculate genetic distances between these populations and to
reconstruct population phylogeny, which proved a sensitive
indicator of population affinities. The unusual linkage
relationships detected in the study populations also had
important implications for the understanding of MHC evolution.
Knowledge of the nucleotide sequence polymorphism of HLA
class II genes in general populations has fundamental
importance in HLA-related clinical investigations. The
apparent lack of susceptible alleles in the HLA gene pool of
native Australians and Pacific islanders, or the high
frequency of protective alleles, might partly explain the
extremely low incidence of autoimmune diseases in these
populations.
17
Friedlander, Tim. "The role of osteopaths in the recognition of melanoma : attitudes, knowledge and practices in melanoma screening within the osteopathic community. A research project submitted in partial requirement for the degree of Master of Osteopathy, UNITEC Institute of Technology [i.e. Unitec New Zealand] /." Diss., 2008. http://www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=unitec_hs_di.
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Thongphak, Duangrat. "Systematics of the Australian longicorn beetle genus Uracanthus Hope 1833 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Uracanthini) : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Science (Entomology) at Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1397.
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Uracanthus is a large group of longicorn beetles in the Australian Region. The larvae of this genus are borers of at least 31 genera of trees and parasitic plants, including some economically important crops such as citrus, litchi, peach, plum, and apricot. Several species are important pests of orchards. Adults visit flowers of various tree species and are attracted to the light. In this thesis, I undertook a thorough taxonomic revision, analysed the phylogeny using morphological and molecular characters, and appraised biogeographic distribution of the genus. In the taxonomic revision, I redefine the scope of the genus, describe and illustrate new and previously known species, and provide a key to all species. The revised Australian Uracanthus includes 39 species, eight of which are established as new to science: U. pseudogigas sp. nov., U. maculatus sp. nov., U. griseus sp. nov., U. bicoloratus sp. nov., U. perthensis sp. nov., U. punctulatus sp. nov., U. quadristriolatus sp. nov., and U. bistriolatus sp. nov. Six new synonyms are proposed (senior synonyms last): U. multilineatus McKeown with U. ventralis Lea, U. dentiapicalis McKeown with U. parvus Lea, U. marginellus Hope and U. inermis Lea (not Aurivillius) with U. bivittatus Newman, U. fuscostriatus McKeown with U. lateroalbus Lea, and U. daviumbus Gressitt with U. longicornis Lea. Dorsal views of all species are presented as photographs, terminalia of both sexes illustrated, and distributions mapped. Brief comments are also given on the biology of this genus. In the full morphological phylogenetic analyses of all 39 species, I use 55 informative characters and cladistic method to test the monophylies of Uracanthus and its species groups. My results show that the monophylies of the genus and seven species groups are confirmed. However, several species groups still need additional steps to become monophyletic and are currently considered paraphyletic. In the molecular phylogenetic studies, due to the situations beyond my control (difficulties of extracting DNA from some old species and prohibitions of extracting DNA from type specimens), I analyse only 21 species. I extract and amplify the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) region of the mtDNA from 21 species and perform a phylogenetic analysis using molecular characters. To make the molecular phylogeny comparable to the morphological phylogeny, I also cladistically analyse the phylogeny of these 21 species using morphological and combined morphological-molecular characters. A comparison of trees obtained from morphological, mtDNA and combined data shows that the relationships of several closely related taxa remain constant, for example, the sister relationships of U. gigas + pseudogigas, U. insignis + punctulatus, and U. acutus + loranthi. However, the placement of U. insignis and U. punctulatus on the phylogenetic trees varies from the most basal in the full morphological analysis to the highly derived in the combined and molecular analyses. Considering the amount of available data is more limited in the molecular analysis than in the morphological analysis, the molecular phylogeny presented in this study should be interpreted with caution. The Uracanthus fauna can be divided into five subregions: the Kosciuskan, Western and Eyrean in southern and central Australia, and the Torresian and Timorian in northern Australia. The fauna are richest with highest endemism in the Kosciuskan and Western. The Kosciuskan and Western are similar in faunal composition and closely related; the Eyrean has probably acted as a faunal exchange transit area between the Kosciuskan and Western, and the two northern Australian subregions have no endemic species. When the areas of endemism of each species are attached to the phylogenetic tree generated from the full morphological analysis, a clear picture of the distribution patterns of species groups in relation to phylogeny is obtained. It is suggested that the speciation and species radiation of Uracanthus may have occurred first in the Kosciuskan, then in the Western, and finally in the Eyrean, Torresian, and Timorian.
19
Severns, Christopher Ray. "A comparison of geocoding baselayers for electronic medical record data analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3841.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Identifying spatial and temporal patterns of disease occurrence by mapping the residential locations of affected people can provide information that informs response by public health practitioners and improves understanding in epidemiological research. A common method of locating patients at the individual level is geocoding residential addresses stored in electronic medical records (EMRs) using address matching procedures in a geographic information system (GIS). While the process of geocoding is becoming more common in public health studies, few researchers take the time to examine the effects of using different address databases on match rate and positional accuracy of the geocoded results. This research examined and compared accuracy and match rate resulting from four commonly-used geocoding databases applied to sample of 59,341 subjects residing in and around Marion County/ Indianapolis, IN. The results are intended to inform researchers on the benefits and downsides to their selection of a database to geocode patient addresses in EMRs.
20
Dukkipati, Venkata Sayoji Rao. "A search for genetic factors influencing immune responses to a killed Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis vaccine in Australian fine-wool merino sheep : thesis in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/755.
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VSR Dukkipati (2007). A search for genetic factors influencing immune responses to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Doctoral thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. A study was conducted to identify associations between genetic markers and immune responses in Australian fine-wool Merino sheep to a killed Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) vaccine (GudairTM). Blood samples and immune response data (antibody and interferon gamma, IFN-gamma results) were obtained from 934 sheep from a longterm Map vaccination trial undertaken on three independent properties in New South Wales, Australia. Blood samples were genotyped for eight microsatellite markers that included four (DYMS1, OLADRW, OLADRB and SMHCC1) from the Ovar-Mhc region, two each from the SLC11A1 (OVINRA1 and OVINRA2) and IFN-gamma (o(IFN)gamma and OarKP6) gene regions. Vaccination with GudairTM induced strong antibody and IFN-gamma responses as early as two weeks post-vaccination. Between-property differences in magnitude and trend of immune responses, concomitant with season of vaccination and magnitude of natural infection prevalent in individual flocks, were evident. Immune responses in controls on all the three properties remained consistently low, except for slightly elevated IFN-gamma levels at a few time points in controls of properties 2 and 3, concomitant with exposure to natural infection. There were only 2 alleles and 3 genotypes for marker o(IFN)gamma but other loci exhibited extensive polymorphisms, the most occurring at OLADRW which had 42 alleles and 137 genotypes. Heterozygosities varied between 33% (OVINRA2) and 87% (SMHCC1), while polymorphic information contents ranged from 0.31 (o(IFN)gamma) to 0.88 (OLADRW). Genotypes at loci DYMS1, OLADRB, SMHCC1, OVINRA1 and o(IFN)gamma were in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), while those at OarKP6 were in HWE only when rare alleles (<1.0% frequency) were pooled with the closest size class. Departure from HWE, resulting from possible preferential amplification of alleles in heterozygotes, was evident at OLADRW and OVINRA2. Associations between immune responses and genetic polymorphisms at the marker loci were examined by analysing both genotypic and allelic affects. The study revealed several genotypes/alleles at different marker loci to be significantly associated with antibody and IFN-gamma responses to vaccination with GudairTM. However, the majority of those effects were inconsistent across the three properties. Based on significance and consistency in effects across the three properties, five genotypes (two at DYMS1 and one each at OLADRB, SMHCC1 and OVINRA1) and three alleles (one each at DYMS1, OLADRB and o(IFN)gamma) were considered either ‘probable’ or ‘most likely’ to be associated with low IFN-gamma responses, while a genotype at o(IFN)gamma was considered ‘most likely’ to influence high IFN-gamma responses. An allele at OarKP6 was considered ‘probable’ to be associated with low antibody responses to vaccination. Considering the significance of IFN-gamma responses in protection against Map, it is likely that the identified genotype/alleles influencing IFN-gamma responses to vaccination would also influence immune responses to natural Map infections. However, further studies need to be conducted to determine the role of these marker genotypes/alleles in protection against paratuberculosis under natural infection conditions. Key words: paratuberculosis, OJD, Johne’s disease, sheep, immune response, genetic markers, gene polymorphisms, MHC, SLC11A1, IFN-gamma
21
Walker, Emily. "Energy Requirements and Body Composition of Professional Team-Sport Athletes." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/34303/.
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Team sports include repeated bouts of high-intensity activity interspersed with periods of low-intensity activity, contacts and skill execution. Optimal energy and nutrient intake is necessary for development, health, performance and for body composition goals in athletes.
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Thorne, Robert. "Assessing intrusive noise and low amplitude sound : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Health Science, Massey University, Wellington Campus, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/904.
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Annoyance due to relatively high levels of sound and noise, above 50 dB, has been well documented in noise assessment literature. The potential for annoyance or disturbance from low amplitude sound, below 50 dB to the threshold of an individual’s hearing, is not as well documented. The thesis presents a new approach to the measurement and assessment of intrusive noise and low amplitude sound. Acoustical and sound quality measures are integrated with measures of loudness, pitch, dissonance and tonality to provide physical measures of sound. Individual amenity is assessed with respect to personal noise sensitivity and personal attitudes to sound in the environment, the environment itself and the perceived qualities of the audible sound. A decision-support methodology to integrate perceived noise with noise performance indicators, annoyance criteria, personal noise sensitivity and amenity is presented. A method for rating intrusive noise is derived. Designs for sound measurement and calibration instrumentation are described. Methods to measure and assess low amplitude sound are presented. Keywords annoyance, intrusive-noise, noise-sensitivity, sound-quality, soundscape
23
MacKenzie, Delwyn Lynley. "Variation in populations of enteral microflora in people with coeliac disease following the implementation of a gluten free diet : a thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Human Nutrition through the Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1703.
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Coeliac disease (CD) is a disorder resulting from interactions between diet, genome and immunity. This research seeks to further our understanding of the pathology of CD in regard to its secondary effects on the diversity of enteral microflora via changes in immune tolerance. It proposes that enteral mucosal pro-inflammatory change in CD is associated with a decrease in microbial diversity whilst remission from inflammation may result in an increase in enteral microbial diversity that could contribute to the restoration of tolerance. The first study analyses whether remission from active CD is associated with change in generic enteral microbial diversity by assessing people at diagnosis and following their response to gluten exclusion. A comparison is made to people without CD consuming a ’normal diet’. DGGE profiling of faecal microflora in subjects with CD at diagnosis (confirmed by serology and by duodenal biopsy) and over three consecutive months on a gluten-free diet (GFD) was performed and profiles were compared with those of age and gender matched control subjects taken at monthly intervals. Diversity of faecal microflora (measured as Simpsons Index ) was significantly lower in people with CD than in control subjects. It was possible to distinguish the profiles of coeliac subjects at diagnosis from those obtained after three months on a GFD but it was not possible to distinguish between the samples from control subjects taken at monthly intervals. The profiles of CD subjects after three months on a GFD were more dissimilar to those of the control subjects than those obtained prior to dietary treatment, chiefly on the basis of three bands that were not found in the faeces of any control subjects. The second study analyses dietary intake to determine if a lack of nutrients at diagnosis (before institution of a GFD) and at monthly intervals for three consecutive months post diagnosis (on a GFD) exists, as it is known that CD is associated with nutrient deficiencies resulting from malabsorption due to intestinal inflammation and damage. Subjects completed a customised food questionnaire at each sampling period. Dietary intake was analysed using Foodworks Professional 2007. Significant differences were identified in gluten, starch and carbohydrate intake but not in other macronutrients. Contrary to established literature, these analyses identified few significant differences in micronutrient intake within coeliac subjects over time, however, significant differences were found in iron and sodium.
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Pauga, Melanie. "The effect of consuming farmed salmon compared to salmon oil capsules on long chain omega 3 fatty acid and selenium status in humans : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1230.
Full textAbstract:
Salmon is a good source of long chain (LC) omega 3 fatty acids and selenium; these are well recognised for their health benefits. Recommendations for LC omega 3 fatty acid intakes presume equivalence between fish and fish oil. The aim of this research was to compare the effects of consuming salmon with salmon oil capsules on LC omega 3 fatty acid and selenium status. Forty four healthy subjects were randomly assigned to consume either two servings of 120 g farmed New Zealand King (FNZK) salmon/week or 2, 4 or 6 capsules of salmon oil/day for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measures, food consumption habits information and blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained at the study commencement and ending. Each subject’s intake of LC omega 3 fatty acids and selenium was determined by analysing the fatty acid and selenium content of duplicate portions of cooked salmon and capsules. The amount of salmon consumed was then calculated by subtracting unconsumed amounts of salmon and then calculating the intake of LC omega 3 fatty acids as grams of LC omega 3 fatty acids consumed per day. Percentage of compliance to capsule intake, based on counts of unconsumed capsules, was calculated to determine the amount of LC omega 3 fatty acids consumed per day from capsules. Change in red blood cells (RBC) LC omega 3 fatty acid levels from equivalent amounts of LC omega 3 fatty acids consumed from capsules and salmon were compared using linear regression analysis predictive models fitted to the capsule data. Omega 3 index was calculated. LC omega 3 fatty acid intakes from salmon and 2, 4 and 6 capsules were 0.82, 0.24, 0.47 and 0.68 g/day, respectively. Equal amounts of LC omega 3 fatty acids consumed from salmon and capsules resulted in similar increases in RBC LC omega 3 fatty acids and omega 3 index (RBC eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): 0.80 [0.58 – 1.02] vs. 1.00 [0.71 – 1.27] %; RBC docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): 0.93 [0.58 – 1.29] vs. 0.99 [0.68 – 1.31] %; omega 3 index: 1.92 [1.46 – 2.38] vs. 2.25 [1.65 – 2.83] %). The capsules did not contain selenium, but the salmon provided 6.84 µg selenium/day. Plasma selenium concentrations increased significantly in the salmon group compared to the capsule
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Hashim, Che Gon. "Identifying predictors of postoperative persistent pain in women with breast cancer: assessments of investigative tools." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/162744.
Full textAbstract:
Persistent pain after surgery in breast cancer has a significant
impact on the patient’s survival. The value of escalating
research on breast cancer in Malaysia cannot be underestimated.
However, it is not known how many of these women experience
persistent pain after surgery. This study surveyed previously
unknown figures on prevalence, and explored the predictive
factors of persistent pain women with breast cancer in Malaysia.
There were three objectives. First, to assess the reliability of
the already established investigative tools, namely, the Brief
Pain Inventory, Distress Thermometer, and Resilience scale RS-14;
second, to survey the prevalence of persistent pain; and thirdly
to identify predictors of persistent pain in women after breast
surgery, using the above measures. A test and retest design with
no intervention and a recall period of 3 to 7 days was employed
for assessment of the investigative tools. A cross-sectional
study, with a prospective, correlational design, a retrospective
review of medical records was used to identify predictors of
persistent pain. These investigations were conducted in two
phases –Section A and Section B – using separate data sets,
with different inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants
were recruited from the University of Malaya Medical Centre,
Malaysia. Descriptive statistics, a stepwise regression model for
reliability testing, Cronbach alpha, and factor analysis were
used. This study divided pain into categories 0 = no pain, 1–4
= mild pain, 5–6 = moderate pain, and 7–10 = severe pain.
Section A: The tools were found reliable. Section B: A total of
123 participants were recruited; 119 participants remained
because 4 of them did not meet the inclusion criteria. A total of
43% of the participants had persistent pain (n = 51). Pain
interfered with their work, mood, and sleep. Based on a “Yes”
answer for pain today (n = 51), data were analysed to determine
predictors. The results revealed three predictors: distress, B =
–.911, resilience, B = –.444, and pain interference, B =
.309. The model was statistically significant, F (3, 41, 44) =
13.827, R2 = 0.267, .381, .467), and adjusted R2 = .250, .351,
.467, p = 0.001. Significant P value ≤ .005. Pain prevalence
was 43% in this Malaysian population. This study provided
empirical evidence which is an important new knowledge to health
care systems, health care providers, policy makers, and future
research. The impact of persistent pain on work, mood, and sleep
are justifiable medical concerns. The results obtained and
identified predictors are catalysts for providing extra support
for breast cancer women after surgery. Ideally, all women with
breast cancer should have very good life satisfaction.