Journal articles on the topic 'Australian; Mass media – Australia'
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1
Wolff, Leon. "Litigiousness in Australia: Lessons from Comparative Law." Deakin Law Review 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2013vol18no2art39.
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How litigious are Australians? Although quantitative studies have comprehensively debunked the fear of an Australian civil justice system in crisis, the literature has yet to address the qualitative public policy question of whether Australians are under- or over-using the legal system to resolve their disputes. On one view, expressed by the insurance industry, the mass media and prominent members of the judiciary, Australia is moving towards an American-style hyper-litigiousness. By contrast, Australian popular culture paints the typical Australian as culturally averse to formal rights assertion. This article explores the comparative law literature on litigiousness in two jurisdictions that have attracted significant scholarly attention — the United States and Japan. More specifically, it seeks to draw lessons from this literature for both understanding litigiousness in modern Australia and framing future research projects on the issue.
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Wood, Natalie T., and Caroline Lego Muñoz. "‘No Rules, Just Right’ or is it? The Role of Themed Restaurants as Cultural Ambassadors." Tourism and Hospitality Research 7, no. 3-4 (September 2007): 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.thr.6050047.
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After mass media, ethnic-themed restaurants are possibly the second most influential socialising agents of foreign cultures. Whereas the media often depicts foreign cultures in a stereotypical manner, the opportunity exists in the hospitality field to offer consumers a more detailed and accurate insight into a culture. Yet, is this what consumers really want? This paper addresses an important question: How do spaces of consumption affect the perception and representation of ‘authentic’ culture? To explore this, a four-stage, cross-cultural (ie Australia and United States) qualitative study was undertaken to examine the role the Outback Steakhouse chain of restaurants plays in representing Australian culture in the United States. Findings revealed that US subjects were more accepting of the restaurant environment where it matched the images of Australia perpetuated by the media. By contrast, Australian subjects indicated that the image this restaurant provides is a largely stereotypical, outdated, inaccurate representation of their culture. Research implications and recommendations from a marketing, hospitality, and tourism perspective are provided.
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Johnston, Jane, and Mark Pearson. "Australia’s media climate: Time to renegotiate control." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v14i2.945.
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In 2007, Australia was rated by two international media bodies as well down the chain in media freedom. Within its own borders, internal media groups—in particular the Australian Press Council and the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, as well as a consortium of major employer groups—have recently released reports investigating the position of media freedoms. This atricle examines a select few of these shrinking freedoms which range from the passive restrcitions on access to documents to the overt threat of imprisonment for publishing sensitive material. In particular, it considers laws relating to freedom of information, camera access to courts, shield laws and whistleblower protection and finally revamped anti-terrorism laws. The article maps the landscape of Australia's downgraded press fredom and suggests that laws controlling media reportage need to be renegotiated.
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Zion, Lawrence. "The impact of the Beatles on pop music in Australia: 1963–66." Popular Music 6, no. 3 (October 1987): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000002336.
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For young Australians in the early 1960s America was the icon of pop music and fashion. This was the result of the projection of America through the mass media and the numerous American rock'n'roll acts that were brought to Australia by Lee Gordon, an American entrepreneur who lived in Sydney (Zion 1984). This overall tendency led the American, A. L. McLeod, to observe when writing about Australian culture in 1963 thatin general, Australian popular music is slavishly imitative of United States models; it follows jazz, swing, calypso or whatever the current fashion is in New York or San Francisco at a few months distance. (McLeod 1963, p. 410)Yet by late 1963 the potency of America was in decline. For while the Californian surf music craze made a somewhat delayed impact, especially in Sydney, the popularity of the Beatles was gathering momentum. This can be traced crudely through the Top Forty lists of the day: in Sydney the song ‘From Me To You’ entered the charts on 12 July 1963 and eventually reached number six (Barnes et al. 1979, p. 50).
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Snow, Muriel, and Grant Noble. "Urban Aboriginal Self Images and the Mass Media." Media Information Australia 42, no. 1 (November 1986): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604200112.
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While Tatz (1980) has argued that ‘the only true and constant ally of the black people of Australia is the media, particularly ABC radio and television and the major daily newspapers’(14), Aborigines themselves have been less laudatory. Macumba & Batty (1980), Gilbert (1973) and Perkins (1975) have all stated that the exclusion of Aboriginals in the media was a glaringly obvious fact of daily life, and perceived the media as a force for the destruction of Aboriginal culture. Bobbi Sykes' evaluation of the Australian media as ‘completely white-controlled, information about what blacks in this country are suffering is completely suppressed’ (Gilbert, 1973:112–113) parallels minority perceptions of the media discerned by the Kerner Commission (1968). Charged to determine the effect of the mass media on the riots in a number of American cities, the Kerner Commission (1968:362–389) gave prominence in its findings to the fact that most Negroes perceived the media as instruments of the white power structure, that the news was presented from a white perspective, and criticised the media for their failure to report adequately on the causes and consequences of the civil disorders and the underlying problems of race relations.
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Chubb, Philip, Stephanie Brookes, and Margaret Simons. "Watchdogs or Masters? The changing role of the Canberra Press Gallery." Media International Australia 167, no. 1 (May 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18767424.
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This Special Issue tackles increasing urgent questions about the role and performance of the Federal Parliamentary Press Gallery, a unique and valuable institution central to Australian political journalism. These questions about the Press Gallery’s contribution to political life include: how might we understand the changing authority and effectiveness of the Press Gallery? Has Australia entered an era when media failures are damaging the country’s ability to affect reform? Are we witnessing a twin assault on the quality of Australian democracy from politicians and the media? The articles gathered here offer a variety of tools and perspectives useful for thought and action in this moment in history – when political reporting is fundamentally disrupted, and with it the democratic forms that have grown up in lockstep with mass media. They chart changes and longer-term trends, and particularise broader shifts in political journalism and communication, providing both information and theoretically engaged analysis.
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McKnight, David. "‘Not Attributable to Official Sources’: Counter-Propaganda and the Mass Media." Media International Australia 128, no. 1 (August 2008): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812800103.
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During the Cold War in Australia, the political agenda was dominated by the threat of communism. One factor in building this agenda was the ‘counter-propaganda operations’ of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) which regularly released unattributable information to selected mass media outlets. In the period when these activities were most prevalent (1960–72), ASIO officers had regular contact with editors and with selected journalists on major newspapers and television. This formed part of a broader ‘cultural Cold War’ in which anti-communism was an organising principle. This article outlines new information on these activities, suggests that these operations were more extensive than previously thought, and discusses this relationship in terms of the scholarly work on media sources, government-sponsored intervention in the media and classical theories of propaganda. It suggests that one way to understand the controversial media role in counter-propaganda operations lies in the relationship between police and crime reporters.
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Kelly, Veronica. "Beauty and the Market: Actress Postcards and their Senders in Early Twentieth-Century Australia." New Theatre Quarterly 20, no. 2 (April 21, 2004): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x04000016.
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A hundred years ago the international craze for picture postcards distributed millions of images of popular stage actresses around the world. The cards were bought, sent, and collected by many whose contact with live theatre was sometimes minimal. Veronica Kelly's study of some of these cards sent in Australia indicates the increasing reach of theatrical images and celebrity brought about by the distribution mechanisms of industrial mass modernity. The specific social purposes and contexts of the senders are revealed by cross-reading the images themselves with the private messages on the backs, suggesting that, once outside the industrial framing of theatre or the dramatic one of specific roles, the actress operated as a multiply signifying icon within mass culture – with the desires and consumer power of women major factors in the consumption of the glamour actress card. A study of the typical visual rhetoric of these postcards indicates the authorized modes of femininity being constructed by the major postcard publishers whose products were distributed to theatre fans and non-theatregoers alike through the post. Veronica Kelly is working on a project dealing with commercial managements and stars in early twentieth-century Australian theatre. She teaches in the School of English, Media Studies, and Art History at the University of Queensland, is co-editor of Australasian Drama Studies, and author of databases and articles dealing with colonial and contemporary Australian theatre history and dramatic criticism. Her books include The Theatre of Louis Nowra (1998) and the collection Our Australian Theatre in the 1990s (1998).
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Fredman, Nick. "Misreading the Crisis: Issues in Australian Media Representations of Indonesian Politics." Media International Australia 93, no. 1 (November 1999): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909300112.
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This article critiques differing approaches to analysing Australian media representations of Indonesia, and argues that an analysis of ideology and language is key to understanding this discourse. Many mass media commentators have been caught by surprise at the rapid development and severity of the economic and political crisis in Indonesia, and there has been ongoing confusion in media accounts of the crisis. The article explains this in terms of the contradictions that representing an authoritarian political system has created for the Australian media, which is underpinned by liberal-democratic ideology. These contradictions were held in check by the creation of several myths around Indonesia's apparent economic successes, the possibilities of peaceful change and Australia's national interest. The onset of a major crisis, however, has brought these contradictions to breaking point. The article also suggests some connections between the liberal discourse of a closer engagement with Asia and Australia's racist history.
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Hefler, Marita, Vicki Kerrigan, Joanna Henryks, Becky Freeman, and David P. Thomas. "Social media and health information sharing among Australian Indigenous people." Health Promotion International 34, no. 4 (April 17, 2018): 706–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day018.
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AbstractDespite the enormous potential of social media for health promotion, there is an inadequate evidence base for how they can be used effectively to influence behaviour. In Australia, research suggests social media use is higher among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people than the general Australian population; however, health promoters need a better understanding of who uses technologies, how and why. This qualitative study investigates what types of health content are being shared among Aboriginal and Torres Strait people through social media networks, as well as how people engage with, and are influenced by, health-related information in their offline life. We present six social media user typologies together with an overview of health content that generated significant interaction. Content ranged from typical health-related issues such as mental health, diet, alcohol, smoking and exercise, through to a range of broader social determinants of health. Social media-based health promotion approaches that build on the social capital generated by supportive online environments may be more likely to generate greater traction than confronting and emotion-inducing approaches used in mass media campaigns for some health topics.
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Potente, Sofia, Vanessa Rock, Jacqueline McIver, Melinda Williams, Christopher Magee, and Kathy Chapman. "Fighting Skin Cancer With a Musical Sound." Social Marketing Quarterly 19, no. 4 (September 30, 2013): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500413506583.
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Australian youth have good knowledge about skin cancer prevention as a result of over three decades of traditional mass media campaigns. However, youth sun protection behavior remains poor. This case study describes the results of a unique social marketing campaign (the Sun Sound) aimed at translating youths’ knowledge into improved sun protection behavior. Formative research identified that a key barrier to sun protection was youth regularly forgot to protect their skin. As such, the campaign centered on a musical jingle that was broadcast at outdoor recreational settings as a “cue to action” reminder to use sun protection at the time and point of sun exposure. The Sun Sound was trialed at two coastal communities in New South Wales, Australia, during summer 2009–2010. The media launch generated 17.6 million Australian audience impressions (advertising value A$257,785). Intercept surveys conducted with 467 youth aged 12–18 years found there was high unprompted recall (41%) and understanding (79%) of the Sun Sound message. The Sun Sound was found to be an effective cue to action in prompting sun protection behaviors when heard, with over a third (38%) of respondents reporting use of additional sun protection upon hearing the jingle. Since the pilot, the Sun Sound has expanded to over 60 pools, beaches, and selected venues across Australia. The campaign demonstrates it is possible to influence behavior by targeting audiences at the actual point that behavior occurs, using research-informed insights and a relevant marketing mix.
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Barnes, Ash, and Rob White. "Mapping Emotions: Exploring the Impact of the Aussie Farms Map." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 36, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986220910306.
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Counter-mapping refers to the public dissemination by activist groups of maps that visually document particular harms and offenders or sites of justice and prior ownership. Drawing upon green criminology, this article analyses the consequences of using counter-mapping as an activist tool. It examines how media framing of the Aussie Farms map is constructed around particularly polarizing narratives. This interactive map demonstrates the location and proliferation of animal agriculture and animal exploitation industries within Australia. Media framing has generated heated debate among Australian farmers and activists alike by inciting deeply emotional responses to the issues. We explore these common media narratives and their consequences for activists and tools such as counter-maps.
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Davies, Chris Lawe, and Jason Sternberg. "The Spaces and Places of Audience Research in Australian Television." Media International Australia 122, no. 1 (February 2007): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0712200109.
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The history of TV ratings and developments in audience measurement has been well documented in Australia, but little attention has been paid to TV networks’ use of ratings in their decision-making processes. This paper examines changes to the structure of the TV ratings industry since 2000, when ATR/OzTAM replaced ACNielsen as the official provider. It also examines the changing functions of audience research by Australian television broadcasters, highlighting three trends. Increased efficiency in ratings provision has made commercial broadcasters more reactive and conservative in programming decisions. At the same time, however, the increasing sophistication of ratings data enables broadcasters to strategically reposition themselves in response to the changing media environment. Market fragmentation has seen increasing importance placed on commissioned and in-house research in a shift away from mass audience capture to establishing and maintaining an audience bond.
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Roe, Amanda. "Graphic Satire and Public Life in the Age of Terror." Media International Australia 113, no. 1 (November 2004): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411300108.
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This paper investigates media representations of international insecurity through a selection of newspaper cartoons from some of the major daily Australian broadsheets. Since 2001, cartoonists such as Bruce Petty, John Spooner and Bill Leak (in The Age and The Australian) have provided an ongoing and vehement critique of the Australian government's policies of ‘border protection’, the ‘war on terror’ and the words of mass distraction associated with Australia joining the war in Iraq. Cartoonists are often said to represent the ‘citizen's perspective’ of public life through their graphic satire on the editorial pages of our daily newspapers. Increasingly, they can also be seen to be fulfilling the role of public intellectuals, defined by Richard A. Posner as ‘someone whose place it is publicly to raise embarrassing questions, to confront orthodoxy and dogma, to be someone who cannot easily be co-opted by governments and corporations’. Cartoonists enjoy an independence and freedom from censorship that is rarely extended to their journalistic colleagues in the print media and it is this independence that is the vital component in their being categorised as public intellectuals. Their role is to ‘question over and over again what is postulated as self-evident, to disturb people's mental habits, to dissipate what is familiar and accepted, to re-examine rules and institutions’ (Posner, 2003: 31). With this useful — if generalised — definition in mind, the paper considers how cartoonists have contributed to debates concerning international insecurity in public life since 2001.
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Durkin, Sarah, Kate Broun, Nicola Guerin, Belinda Morley, and Melanie Wakefield. "Impact of a mass media campaign on participation in the Australian bowel cancer screening program." Journal of Medical Screening 27, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141319874372.
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Objective To examine the effect of a mass media campaign designed to increase bowel cancer screening participation. Methods We assessed weekly participation, from January 2015 to December 2017, in the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program in Victoria, where a seven-week campaign aired in mid-2017, and in the adjacent comparison state of South Australia. Participation, defined as the number of immunochemical faecal occult blood tests returned out of those invited by the Screening Program in the past 16 weeks, was analysed using negative binomial regression. Results Compared with non-campaign weeks, there was an increase in the return rate in the campaign state during campaign weeks (adjusted return rates non-campaign weeks = 34.4% vs. campaign weeks = 45.3%, p < 0.01), not observed in the comparison state (38.3% vs. 40.3%, p > 0.05). The increase in the return rate was significantly greater in the campaign state (Rate Ratio of Campaign/Non-Campaign weeks = 1.31, p < 0.01) than the comparison state (1.05, p > 0.05, interaction p < 0.001), and did not differ significantly by age, sex or socio-economic area. The relative increase was greater among never-participants (Rate Ratio of Campaign/Non-Campaign weeks = 1.24) than previous-participants (1.16), interaction p < 0.001). Conclusions This mass media campaign increased bowel cancer screening participation, including from never and low participation subgroups. To maximize participation and ensure equitable population benefit, repeated campaigns that reach eligible people about bowel cancer risks and potential life-saving benefits of screening should be standard.
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R. S. Az-Zubaidy, Thamir. "An Iraqi Refugee in the Australian Suburb in Ben Eltham’s The Pacific Solution." لارك 1, no. 32 (November 28, 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol1.iss32.1254.
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Ben Eltham’s The Pacific Solution (2013) deals with several issues such as nationalism, political intimidation, racism and stereotyping of Muslims. It critiques the Howard government’s hard-line policy with Asylum seekers and its amendment of the migration act, known as the ‘Pacific Solution’, which excludes offshore islands from Australia’s migration zone and undermines thereby refugees’ attempts to seek better chances of life. This is portrayed on stage through the reaction of three white Australian housemates to the arrival at their front door of an Iraqi refugee to apply for asylum. In this paper, I investigate the representation of cultural diversity in the play and argue that it is a critique of dysfunctional models of inclusion where persons from minor cultures are marginalised in the Australian national and social spaces. In so doing, I consider some of the concepts discussed in Ghassan Hage’s White Nation: Fantasies of White Supremacy in a Multicultural Society (2000), namely those of managerial capacity, tolerance, and the dialectic of inclusion and exclusion. In addition to critiquing the dysfunctional models of including Muslim refugees, the play examines their representation in the mainstream media and their treatment by the legal process in Australia. To explore the impact of this on Muslim refugees’ alienation and marginalisation, I investigate studies of the representation of Muslims in the Australian mass media and their relevance to the stereotyping of Muslims as terrorists in the play. Drawing on the above, I argue that, through this play, Eltham criticised the Howard government’s inhumane treatment of Asylum seekers and its dissemination of Australian norms as aligning with its premises.
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Horrocks, Peter, Vivienne Tippett, and Peter Aitken. "An Evaluation of the Self-Reported Knowledge Base of Disaster Management Core Competencies of Australian Paramedics." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s129—s130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002814.
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Introduction:Evidence-based training and curriculum are seen as vital in order to be successful in preparing paramedics for an effective disaster response. The creation of broadly recognized standard core competencies to support the development of disaster response education and training courses for general health care providers and specific health care professionals will help to ensure that medical personnel are truly prepared to care for victims of mass casualty events.Aim:To identify current Australian operational paramedic’s specific disaster management education and knowledge as it relates to disaster management core competencies identified throughout the literature and the frequency of measures/techniques which these paramedics use to maintain competency and currency.Methods:Paramedics from all states of Australia were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. Two professional bodies distributed the survey via social media and a major ambulance service was surveyed via email.Results:The study population includes 130 respondents who self-identified as a currently practicing Australian paramedic. Paramedics from all states except South Australia responded, with the majority coming from Queensland Ambulance Service (N= 81%). In terms of experience, 81.54% of respondents report being qualified for greater than 5 years. Initial analysis shows that despite the extensive experience of the practitioners surveyed when asked to rate from high to low their level of knowledge of specific disaster management core competencies a number of gaps exist.Discussion:Core competencies are a defined level of expertise that is essential or fundamental to a particular job, and serve to form the foundation of education, training, and practice for operational service delivery. While more research is needed, these results may help inform industry, government, and education providers to better understand and to more efficiently provide education and ongoing training to paramedics who are responsible for the management of disaster within the Australian community.
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Brookes, Stephanie. "‘Join us for all the developments’: Guardian Australia and the construction of journalistic identity in press gallery reporting." Media International Australia 167, no. 1 (April 13, 2018): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18766079.
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The Federal Parliamentary Press Gallery has traditionally held a privileged position in Australian journalism, entrusted with two important democratic functions: providing citizens with political information and scrutinising the powerful. In the last decade, however, significant changes in the global media landscape have impacted the health of Australian political journalism and new spaces for news and information have emerged that challenge the Press Gallery’s authority. This article considers how a new entrant, Guardian Australia, operates in this space through analysis of its explicit discursive construction of its own role, authority and performance. It then maps how these discourses are mobilised in political coverage through a case study exploring the publication’s 2016 and 2017 federal budget coverage. The article argues that Guardian Australia’s self-construction allowed its press gallery and political journalists to reclaim their authoritative democratic role, in the face of competition and change, by embracing both tradition and innovation in its political journalism.
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Dessaix, A. "Implementation Learnings From a Cancer-Prevention Multirisk Factor Public Education Campaign." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 133s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.50200.
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Background and context: The Cancer Council New South Wales (CCNSW) is one of Australia's leading cancer charities and is uniquely 95% community funded. Cancer prevention is one of five strategic priority areas for CCNSW. An estimated to 37,000 cancer cases are preventable each year in Australia; 33% of cancers in men and 31% in women. The CCNSW developed and implemented the 1 in 3 Cancers Campaign in 2016, the first Australian multirisk factor cancer prevention campaign. This was also the organization's first experience in implementing a social marketing mass media campaign. Over two years, the campaign's primary objective was to raise awareness that one in three cancers are preventable, to highlight why preventing cancer is important and practical steps for prevention. Aim: To undertake an organizational review of internal learnings from the development, implementation and evaluation of the 1 in 3 Cancers Campaign and make recommendations for future campaign practice. Strategy/Tactics: Cross-organizational perspectives were provided from 20 Cancer Council staff from the areas of cancer prevention, research, fundraising and community engagement through a one-day workshop. Program/Policy process: Workshop participants: 1) reviewed best practice social marketing processes, 2) reviewed published evidence on mass media public education campaigns, 3) against this framework, determined internal organizational learnings from the 1 in 3 Cancers Campaign and made recommendations for future practice. Outcomes: A summary report of key lessons learnt from the implementation of the 1 in 3 Cancers Campaign and recommendations for future practice. What was learned: Areas of strengths were identified including cross-organizational collaboration, the development of an interactive cancer risk quiz, good community awareness of the campaign and key message take out. Areas for improvement included the need for greater resource investment (namely staff capacity, skills and budget), greater lead times for thorough campaign planning and the need to focus on singular behavioral cancer risk factors in communication messaging rather than multiple risk factors. The workshop concluded that well-planned, well-resourced mass media campaigns were an important evidence-based strategy for future cancer prevention practice.
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Smith, Ben J., and Catriona M. F. Bonfiglioli. "Reporting Physical Activity: Perceptions and Practices of Australian Media Professionals." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 12, no. 8 (August 2015): 1096–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2014-0218.
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Background:Advocacy informed by scientific evidence is necessary to influence policy and planning to address physical inactivity. The mass media is a key arena for this advocacy. This study investigated the perceptions and practices of news media professionals reporting physical activity and sedentariness to inform strategic communication about these issues.Methods:We interviewed media professionals working for major television, radio, newspaper and online news outlets in Australia. The interviews explored understandings of physical activity and sedentariness, attributions of causality, assignment of responsibility, and factors affecting news reporting on these topics. Data were thematically analyzed using NVivo.Results:Physical inactivity was recognized as pervasive and important, but tended to be seen as mundane and not newsworthy. Sedentariness was regarded as more novel than physical activity, and more likely to require organizational and environment action. Respondents identified that presenting these issues in visual and engaging ways was an ongoing challenge.Conclusions:Physical activity researchers and advocates need to take account of prevailing news values and media practices to improve engagement with the news media. These include understanding the importance of novelty, narratives, imagery, and practical messages, and how to use these to build support for environmental and policy action.
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Jones, K., J. Merrick, and C. Beasley. "A content analysis of oral health messages in Australian mass media." Australian Dental Journal 61, no. 1 (February 26, 2016): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adj.12300.
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Pierce, J. P., P. Macaskill, and D. Hill. "Long-term effectiveness of mass media led antismoking campaigns in Australia." American Journal of Public Health 80, no. 5 (May 1990): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.80.5.565.
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Martin, Robyn, Christina Fernandes, Cheryl Taylor, Amanda Crow, Desmond Headland, Nicola Shaw, and Simone Zammit. "“We Don’t Want to Live Like This”: The Lived Experience of Dislocation, Poor Health, and Homelessness for Western Australian Aboriginal People." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732318797616.
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Many policy interventions have attempted to address the entrenched disadvantage of Aboriginal Australians1; however, sustained improvement in social, cultural, physical, and emotional well-being is not evident. This disadvantage is compounded by paternalistic practices which do not promote Aboriginal self-determination or empowerment. This article presents the lived experience and voice of Aboriginal Australians spending time in parks in Perth, Western Australia. A community-based participatory action research approach informed by critical Indigenous methodologies involving collaboration between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal service providers was used. Participants experienced disconnection from kin and country, serious risk to personal safety, homelessness, and problematic health; all related to, and intersecting with, time spent in the parks. The participants’ narratives highlight the enduring impacts of colonization, dispossession, and racism. These lived experiences are situated within contexts of rising moral panic from politicians, residents and mass media, and siloed policy and service delivery responses.
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Bauman, Adrian E., Bill Bellew, Neville Owen, and Philip Vita. "Impact of an Australian mass media campaign targeting physical activity in 1998." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 21, no. 1 (July 2001): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00313-0.
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Lytovchenko, D. "Stereotyping of Muslims in the mass-media of Australia and New Zealand." Science and Education a New Dimension VI(145), no. 41 (November 20, 2017): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-ph2017-145v41-06.
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Smith, B. J. "Impacts from repeated mass media campaigns to promote sun protection in Australia." Health Promotion International 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/17.1.51.
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Skilbeck, Ruth. "Art journalism and the impact of ‘globalisation’: New fugal modalities of storytelling in Austral-Asian writing." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v14i2.949.
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The writing of art journalism has played a key yet little acknowledged role in the ongoing expansion of the international contemporary art world, and the multi-billion dollar global art economy. This article discusses some contradictory impacts of globalisation on art journalism—from extremes of sensationalist record-breaking art market reporting in the global mass media to the emergence of innovative modalities of story-telling in Australian independent journalistic art writing.
This article discusses some contradictory impacts of gobalisation on art journalism— from extremes of sensationalist record-breaking art market reporting in the global mass media to the emergence of innovative modalities of story-telling in Australian independent art writing.
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Cryle, Denis. "From Data to News: Weather Reporting, Telegraphy and the Press in Colonial Australia." Media International Australia 157, no. 1 (November 2015): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1515700112.
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This article examines the role of telegraphy and newspapers in the provision of weather news during the late nineteenth century. In order to trace the transformation from data to news, the discussion begins by documenting the formation of both technical and professional meteorological networks, at a time when government observers across the colonies began to compile joint reports for an expanding reading public. In this respect, its focus will be primarily on the use of the inter-colonial telegraph, and upon two influential observers operating in different Australian colonies: Charles Todd in South Australia and Clement Wragge in Queensland. In order to explore the development of colonial weather networks in the age of the telegraph, the article examines the protracted press and professional controversy that arose between these two media personalities, and maps the transformation of weather telegrams into news by late colonial newspapers.
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Alysen, Barbara. "Today's News Tomorrow: Researching Archival Television." Media International Australia 99, no. 1 (May 2001): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0109900105.
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Television may be the most pervasive medium of mass communication but, unlike the print media, Australian television news and current affairs have largely defied the efforts of researchers to mount comprehensive retrospective research into their form and content. This paper looks at the reasons for the dearth of this research. It considers the technical and the policy issues involved in preserving Australian television and argues that media researchers need to take a greater interest in the preservation of, and access to, archival television.
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Kirk, Katherine M., Felicity C. Martin, Amy Mao, Richard Parker, Sarah Maguire, Laura M. Thornton, Gu Zhu, et al. "The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative: Study description and sample characteristics of the Australian and New Zealand arm." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 6 (April 5, 2017): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417700731.
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Objectives: Anorexia nervosa is a severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality rates. While its aetiology is poorly understood, there is evidence of a significant genetic component. The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative is an international collaboration which aims to understand the genetic basis of the disorder. This paper describes the recruitment and characteristics of the Australasian Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative sample, the largest sample of individuals with anorexia nervosa ever assembled across Australia and New Zealand. Methods: Participants completed an online questionnaire based on the Structured Clinical Interview Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) eating disorders section. Participants who met specified case criteria for lifetime anorexia nervosa were requested to provide a DNA sample for genetic analysis. Results: Overall, the study recruited 3414 Australians and 543 New Zealanders meeting the lifetime anorexia nervosa case criteria by using a variety of conventional and social media recruitment methods. At the time of questionnaire completion, 28% had a body mass index ⩽ 18.5 kg/m2. Fasting and exercise were the most commonly employed methods of weight control, and were associated with the youngest reported ages of onset. At the time of the study, 32% of participants meeting lifetime anorexia nervosa case criteria were under the care of a medical practitioner; those with current body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 were more likely to be currently receiving medical care (56%) than those with current body mass index ⩾ 18.5 kg/m2 (23%). Professional treatment for eating disorders was most likely to have been received from general practitioners (45% of study participants), dietitians (42%) and outpatient programmes (42%). Conclusions: This study was effective in assembling the largest community sample of people with lifetime anorexia nervosa in Australia and New Zealand to date. The proportion of people with anorexia nervosa currently receiving medical care, and the most common sources of treatment accessed, indicates the importance of training for general practitioners and dietitians in treating anorexia nervosa.
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Stewart, H. S., J. A. Bowden, M. C. Bayly, G. R. Sharplin, S. J. Durkin, C. L. Miller, S. E. Givans, C. D. Warne, and M. A. Wakefield. "Potential effectiveness of specific anti-smoking mass media advertisements among Australian Indigenous smokers." Health Education Research 26, no. 6 (September 5, 2011): 961–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyr065.
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Shimizu, Keiichi. "Mass Production of Eucalyptus globulus Elite Trees in Western Australia." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 62, no. 4 (2008): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.62.385.
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Morrell, S., D. A. Perez, M. Hardy, T. Cotter, and J. F. Bishop. "Outcomes from a mass media campaign to promote cervical screening in NSW, Australia." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 64, no. 9 (October 12, 2009): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.084657.
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Umakanthan, Marille, John Wing Li, Kamal Sud, Gustavo Duque, Daniel Guilfoyle, Kenneth Cho, Chris Brown, Derek Boersma, and Muralikrishna Gangadharan Komala. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in Patients on Maintenance Dialysis in Australia—A Single Centre, Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093284.
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Background: Sarcopenia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the dialysis population varies from 4% to 63%. However, the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in the Australian dialysis population remain uncertain. Aim: To study the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients on maintenance dialysis by using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: We evaluated adult patients on maintenance haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in this single-centre cross-sectional study in Australia. Patient’s clinical (age, gender, dialysis modality and diabetic status) and laboratory parameters (serum albumin, calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels) were investigated. We employed bioimpedance spectroscopy, hand grip dynamometer and the timed up and go test (TUG) to evaluate muscle mass, strength and function, respectively. Results: We evaluated 39 dialysis patients with a median age of 69 years old. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 18%. Sarcopenia was associated with low serum albumin (p = 0.02) and low serum phosphate level (p = 0.04). Increasing age and female sex were potential risk factors for sarcopenia (p = 0.05 and 0.08, respectively). Low lean muscle mass, reduced hand grip strength and prolonged TUG were present in 23.1%, 41% and 40.5%, respectively, of the cohort. The hand grip test had good correlation with lean muscle evaluation and the TUG. Conclusions: Sarcopenia was prevalent in 18% of maintenance haemodialysis patients from an Australian single-centre cohort, with low serum albumin and phosphate as significant risk factors.
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Watson, Ian. "Combatting cultural nerve gas: maintaining traditional media and culture through local media production in Australia, Canada and Mexico." Journal of Alternative & Community Media 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00028_1.
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In Australia in the 1980s, large numbers of remote Indigenous radio stations were established due to a perception that the introduction of mainstream satellite programming in remote areas would act as a form of cultural nerve gas (Remedio, 2012: 295) that would threaten the very isolation that had helped to preserve what remained of traditional language and culture (Guster, 2010: 9). There are parallels here with the development of remote media in Mexico and Canada, where local radio networks focusing on cultural content production were established in response to impending development and imposed sources of mass media. In each country, broadcasters in remote communities have, in recent years, been producing increasing amounts of hyper-local cultural and language-based content. This article examines the role played by Indigenous media in remote areas of Australia, Canada and Mexico in creating an alternative cultural voice for traditional communities and maintaining language and culture.
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Greenslade, Jaimi H., Marianne Wallis, Amy N. B. Johnston, Eric Carlström, Daniel B. Wilhelms, and Julia Crilly. "Key occupational stressors in the ED: an international comparison." Emergency Medicine Journal 37, no. 2 (September 24, 2019): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2018-208390.
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BackgroundThe ED Stressor Scale outlines 15 stressors that are of importance for ED staff. Limited research has identified how commonly such stressors occur, or whether such factors are perceived with similar importance across different hospitals. This study sought to examine the frequency or perceived severity of these 15 stressors using a multicentre cohort of emergency clinicians (nurses and physicians) in EDs in two countries (Australia and Sweden).MethodThis was a cross-sectional survey of staff working in eight hospitals in Australia and Sweden. Data were collected between July 2016 and June 2017 (depending on local site approvals) via a printed survey incorporating the 15-item ED stressor scale. The median stress score for each item and the frequency of experiencing each event was reported.ResultsEvents causing most distress include heavy workload, death or sexual abuse of a child, inability to provide optimum care and workplace violence. Stressors reported most frequently include dealing with high acuity patients, heavy workload and crowding. Violence, workload, inability to provide optimal care, poor professional relations, poor professional development and dealing with high-acuity patients were reported more commonly by Australian staff. Swedish respondents reported more frequent exposure to mass casualty incidents, crisis management and administrative concerns.ConclusionsWorkload, inability to provide optimal care, workplace violence and death or sexual abuse of a child were consistently reported as the most distressing events across sites. The frequency with which these occurred differed in Australia and Sweden, likely due to differences in the healthcare systems.
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Talbot, Louise A., Margaret Thomas, Adrian Bauman, Karine E. Manera, and Ben J. Smith. "Impacts of the National Your Brain Matters Dementia Risk Reduction Campaign in Australia Over 2 Years." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 1219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210317.
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Background: The number of people living with dementia is rising globally due to population aging. Mass media campaigns which aim to reduce the risk of people developing dementia have been conducted across many countries, but few have reported evaluation findings. Objective: The present study investigated the impact of the Your Brain Matters dementia risk reduction campaign in Australia. Methods: The campaign was evaluated by observational cross-sectional surveys of 1000 Australian adults aged 18–75 years before and 24 months after delivery. The national campaign utilized multiple media channels to promote messages about the importance of brain health and reducing the risk of dementia. Dementia risk reduction knowledge, confidence, intentions and actions were measured at baseline and follow-up, and analyzed 2019–2020. Results: Earned television and radio were the most common exposure channels. The proportion of people who understood that it is beneficial to take action to reduce dementia risk before middle age increased (54.1% to 59.4%, OR 1.20 95% CI: 1.01–1.44). There was also an increase (28.5% to 32.8%, OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07–1.59) in the proportion who reported taking action to improve brain health. There was no improvement in knowledge about vascular risk factors, or confidence to reduce personal dementia risk. Conclusion: The findings showed some receptivity and positive responses to messages about the benefits of taking action to reduce the risk of dementia. The campaign demonstrated the potential for generating news coverage about this issue, which should highlight the preventive benefits of vascular health behaviors.
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McDONALD, Stephen, Graeme MAGUIRE, Natalia DUARTE, Xing Li WANG, and Wendy HOY. "C-reactive protein, cardiovascular risk, and renal disease in a remote Australian Aboriginal community." Clinical Science 106, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030186.
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Rates of cardiovascular and renal disease in Australian Aboriginal communities are high, but we do not know the contribution of inflammation to these diseases in this setting. In the present study, we sought to examine the distribution of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other markers of inflammation and their relationships with cardiovascular risk markers and renal disease in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. The study included 237 adults (58% of the adult population) in a remote Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory of Australia. Main outcome measures were CRP, fibrinogen and IgG concentrations, blood pressure (BP), presence of diabetes, lipids, albuminuria, seropositivity to three common micro-organisms, as well as carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Serum concentrations of CRP [7 (5–13) mg/l; median (inter-quartile range)] were markedly increased and were significantly correlated with fibrinogen and IgG concentrations and inversely correlated with serum albumin concentration. Higher CRP concentrations were associated with IgG seropositivity to Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae and higher IgG titre for cytomegalovirus. Higher CRP concentrations were associated with the following: the 45–54-year age group, female subjects, the presence of skin sores, higher body mass index, waist circumference, BP, glycated haemoglobin and greater albuminuria. CRP concentrations increased with the number of cardiovascular risk factors, carotid IMT and albuminuria independently of other risk factors. These CRP concentrations were markedly higher than described in other community settings and are probably related, in a large part, to chronic and repeated infections. Their association with markers of cardiovascular risk and renal disease are compatible with the high rates of cardiovascular and renal disease in this community, and provide more evidence of strong links between these conditions, through a shared background of infection/inflammation. This suggests that a strong focus on prevention and management of infections will be important in reducing these conditions, in addition to interventions directed at more traditional risk factors.
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Turner, Graeme. "Dealing with diversity: Australian television, homogeneity and indigeneity." Media International Australia 174, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19869481.
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This article focuses on how the Australian television industry deals with diversity: the extent to which the cultural diversity of Australian society has been reflected in the representations on our screens and in the provision of opportunity within the industry itself. While this has historically been approached by assessing the evidence of inclusiveness in the representations on screen, it is important to be reminded of the role played by the structure of Australia’s media: especially in television, we have a highly concentrated commercial system which still addresses the traditional conception of a mass media audience in ways that almost inevitably tend towards the reproduction of an image of cultural homogeneity. Research into one of the most important interventions into both the established patterns of representation and the make-up of the local production industry – the National Indigenous Television Network (NITV) – is discussed as a means of highlighting the difficulties faced by such interventions and those committed to ‘turning off the whitewash channel on Australian television’.
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Worrall, Matthew. "Social media and medicine." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 91, no. 9 (October 1, 2009): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/bull.2009.91.9.292.
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This summer the role of new communications technology has scarcely been out of the headlines, with its effectiveness illustrated by the organisation of political unrest in Iran and the propulsion of Glaswegian singer, Susan Boyle, to overnight global celebrity. We have also seen the perils of unintended consequences with young Australian cricketer, Philip Hughes, getting his knuckles rapped for letting slip his exclusion from the test side before the selectors announced the team. This year has seen a breakthrough of 'social media' internet applications from niche groups of the young and technically literate to broad mass usage. Increasingly, what is said and posted online is playing an important role in society – and medicine is not immune.
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Comino, Elizabeth J., Adrian Bauman, Charles A. Mitchell, Richard E. Ruffin, Ral Antic, Paul V. Zimmerman, and Richard C. Gutch. "The Australian National Asthma Campaign: Effects of Public Education Activities Based on Mass Media." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 13, no. 4 (July 1997): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30171-5.
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Durkin, Sarah J., Kate Broun, Matthew J. Spittal, and Melanie A. Wakefield. "Impact of a mass media campaign on participation rates in a National Bowel Cancer Screening Program: a field experiment." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e024267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024267.
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Objectives and designThis field experiment aimed to compare bowel cancer screening participation rates prior to, during and after a mass media campaign promoting screening, and the extent to which a higher intensity campaign in one state led to higher screening rates compared with another state that received lower intensity campaign exposure.InterventionAn 8-week television-led mass media campaign was launched in selected regions of Australia in mid-2014 to promote Australia’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) that posts out immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) kits to the homes of age-eligible people. The campaign used paid 30-second television advertising in the entire state of Queensland but not at all in Western Australia. Other supportive campaign elements had national exposure, including print, 4-minute television advertorials, digital and online advertising.Outcome measuresMonthly kit return and invite data from NBCSP (January 2012 to December 2014). Return rates were determined as completed kits returned for analysis out of the number of people invited to do the iFOBT test in the current and past 3 months in each state.ResultsAnalyses adjusted for seasonality and the influence of other national campaigns. The number of kits returned for analysis increased in Queensland (adjusted rate ratio 20%, 95% CI 1.06% to 1.35%, p<0.01) during the months of the campaign and up to 2 months after broadcast, but only showed a tendency to increase in Western Australia (adjusted rate ratio 11%, 95% CI 0.99% to 1.24%, p=0.087).ConclusionsThe higher intensity 8-week television-led campaign in Queensland increased the rate of kits returned for analysis in Queensland, whereas there were marginal effects for the low intensity campaign elements in Western Australia. The low levels of participation in Australia’s NBCSP could be increased by national mass media campaigns, especially those led by higher intensity paid television advertising.
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Kitic, Cecilia M., Steve Selig, Kade Davison, Tania L. B. Best, Belinda Parmenter, Kate Pumpa, Bonnie Furzer, et al. "Study protocol for a multicentre, controlled non-randomised trial: benefits of exercise physiology services for type 2 diabetes (BEST)." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e027610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027610.
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IntroductionControlled trials support the efficacy of exercise as a treatment modality for chronic conditions, yet effectiveness of real-world Exercise Physiology services is yet to be determined. This study will investigate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of services provided by Accredited Exercise Physiologists (AEPs) for clients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in clinical practice.Methods and analysisA non-randomised, opportunistic control, longitudinal design trial will be conducted at ten Exercise Physiology Clinics. Participants will be individuals with T2D attending one of the Exercise Physiology Clinics for routine AEP services (exercise prescription and counselling) (intervention) or individuals with T2D not receiving AEP services (usual care) (control). The experimental period will be 6 months with measurements performed at baseline and at 6 months. Primary outcome measures will be glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), resting brachial blood pressure (BP), body mass index, waist circumference, 6 min walk test, grip strength, 30 s sit to stand, Medical Outcomes Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey and Active Australia Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes will be medication usage, out-of-pocket expenses, incidental, billable and non-billable health professional encounters and work missed through ill health. Healthcare utilisation will be measured for 12 months prior to, during and 12 months after trial participation using linked data from Medicare Benefits Schedule and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data.Ethics and disseminationThe study is a multicentre trial comprising: University of Tasmania, University of New South Wales Lifestyle Clinic, University of Canberra, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (covered under the ethics approval of University of Tasmania Health and Medical Ethics Committee H0015266), Deakin University (Approval number: 2016–187), Australian Catholic University (2016–304R), Queensland University of Technology (1600000049), University of South Australia (0000035306), University of Western Australia (RA/4/1/8282) and Canberra Hospital (ETH.8.17.170). The findings of this clinical trial will be communicated via peer-reviewed journal articles, conference presentations, social media and broadcast media.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000264482.
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Munro, Lyle. "The Live Animal Export Controversy in Australia: A Moral Crusade Made for the Mass Media." Social Movement Studies 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2014): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2013.874524.
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KITAZAWA, Kyoko. "An Evaluation of News Reporting on Health in U.K. and Japanese Mass Media using the Media Doctor Australia Rating Instrument." Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology/Yakuzai ekigaku 13, no. 2 (2008): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3820/jjpe.13.71.
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Duck, Julie M., Richard Lalonde, and Deena Weiss. "International Images and Mass Media: The Effects of Media Coverage on Canadians' Perceptions of Ethnic and Race Relations in Australia." Australian Journal of Psychology 55, no. 1 (April 2003): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049530412331312824.
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Lee, Murray, Mark Halsey, and Asher Flynn. "“Streets of menace”: Constructing and deconstructing youth “gangs” in two Australian cities." Oñati Socio-Legal Series 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 1114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1212.
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This paper explores the symbolic and instrumental impacts associated with labelling particular groups of young people as perpetrators of organised “gang” activity. Using case studies from two Australian cities, we point primarily to the constitutive and damaging nature of much media and public discourse about youth gang crime and show how young offenders’ disadvantage and disenfranchisement is rendered largely invisible or immaterial to understanding the causes and solutions to such problems. In an era of “fake news”, social media “echo chambers”, civil conflict, mass international migration/forced diasporas, as well as the reassertion of strong sovereign borders, we ask: how might one de-escalate the “monstering” of young people whose identity (and presence and place in society) is known primarily, if not exclusively, through the “noise” and visibility of their offending?
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Jones, Sandra C., Chloe S. Gordon, and Kelly Andrews. "What is ‘binge drinking’? Perceptions of Australian adolescents and adults, and implications for mass media campaigns." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 40, no. 5 (August 14, 2016): 487–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12554.
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Gupta, Sabrina, Rosalie Aroni, Siobhan Lockwood, Indra Jayasuriya, and Helena Teede. "South Asians and Anglo Australians with heart disease in Australia." Australian Health Review 39, no. 5 (2015): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14254.
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Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and compare presentation and severity of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) among South Asians (SAs) and Anglo Australians (AAs). Methods A retrospective clinical case audit was conducted at a public tertiary hospital. The study population included SA and AA patients hospitalised for IHD. Baseline characteristics, evidence of diabetes and other CVD risk factors were recorded. Angiography data were also included to determine severity, and these were assessed using a modified Gensini score. Results SAs had lower mean (± s.d.) age of IHD presentation that AAs (52 ± 9 vs 55 ± 9 years, respectively; P = 0.02), as well as a lower average body mass index (BMI; 26 ± 4 vs 29 ± 6 kg/m2, respectively; P = 0.005), but a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (57% vs 31%, respectively; P = 0.001). No significant differences were found in coronary angiography parameters. There were no significant differences in the median (interquartile range) Gensini score between SAs and AAs (43.5 (27–75) vs 44 (26.5–68.5), respectively), median vessel score (1 (1–2) vs 2 (1–3), respectively) or multivessel score (37% (33/89) vs 54% (22/41), respectively). Conclusions The findings show that in those with established IHD, cardiovascular risk factors, such as age at onset and BMI, differ between SAs and AAs and these differences should be considered in the prevention and management of IHD. What is known about the topic? There is much evidence on CVD and SAs, it being a leading cause of mortality and morbidity for this population both in their home countries and in countries they have migrated to. Studies conducted in Western nations other than Australia have suggested a difference in the risk profiles and presentations of CVD among SA migrants compared with the host populations in developed countries. Although this pattern of cardiovascular risk factors among SAs has been well documented, there is insufficient knowledge about this population, currently the largest population of incoming migrants, and CVD in the Australian setting. What does this paper add? This paper confirms that a similar pattern of CVD exists in Australia among SAs as does in other Western nations they have migrated to. The CVD pattern found in this population is that of an earlier age of onset at lower BMI compared with the host AA population, as well as a differing cardiovascular risk profile, with higher rates of type 2 diabetes and lower smoking rates. In addition, this study finds similar angiographic results for both the SAs and AAs; however, the SAs exhibit these similar angiographic patterns at younger ages. What are the implications for practitioners? SAs in Australia represent a high cardiovascular risk group and should be targeted for more aggressive screening at younger ages. Appropriate preventative strategies should also be considered bearing in mind the differing risk factors for this population, namely low BMI and high rates of type 2 diabetes. More intensive treatment strategies should also be regarded by practitioners. Importantly, both policy makers and health professionals must consider that all these strategies should be culturally targeted and tailored to this population and not assume a ‘one-size fits all’ approach.
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Pollard, Christina M., Margaret R. Miller, Alison M. Daly, Kathy E. Crouchley, Kathy J. O’Donoghue, Anthea J. Lang, and Colin W. Binns. "Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption: success of the Western Australian Go for 2&5®campaign." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 3 (March 2008): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007000523.
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AbstractObjectiveThe Western Australian Health Department’s Go for 2&5® campaign aimed to increase adults’ awareness of the need to eat more fruit and vegetables and encourage increased consumption of one serving over five years.DesignThe multi-strategy fruit and vegetable social marketing campaign, conducted from 2002 to 2005, included mass media advertising (television, radio, press and point-of-sale), public relations events, publications, a website (www.gofor2and5.com), and school and community activities. Campaign development and the evaluation framework were designed using health promotion theory, and assessed values, beliefs, knowledge and behaviour. Two independent telephone surveys evaluated the campaign: the Campaign Tracking Survey interviewed 5032 adults monitoring fruit and vegetable attitudes, beliefs and consumption prior to, during and 12 months after the campaign; and the Health & Wellbeing Surveillance System surveyed 17 993 adults between 2001 and 2006, continuously monitoring consumption.SettingPopulation public health intervention–social marketing campaign in Western Australia, population of 2 010 113 in 2005.SubjectsAdults in the Perth metropolitan area.ResultsThe campaign reached the target audience, increasing awareness of the recommended servings of fruit and vegetables. There was a population net increase of 0.8 in the mean number of servings of fruit and vegetables per day over three years (0.2 for fruit (1.6 in 2002 to 1.8 in 2005) and 0.6 for vegetables (2.6 in 2002 to 3.2 in 2005), significant at P < 0.05).ConclusionSustained, well-executed social marketing is effective in improving nutrition knowledge, attitudes and consumption behaviour. The Go for 2&5® campaign provides guidance to future nutrition promotion through social marketing.