Journal articles: 'Australian marine sponge derived fungi'

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Tanod, Wendy Alexander, Muliadin, Yeldi S. Adel, and Didit Kustantio Dewanto. "POTENTIAL MARINE-DERIVED FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SPONGE IN PRODUCE NEW AND BENEFICIAL COMPOUNDS." KAUDERNI : Journal of Fisheries, Marine and Aquatic Science 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47384/kauderni.v2i1.30.

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Marine organisms are a source of natural products and produce compounds with a molecular structure that is unique and useful. Thousands of new compounds have biological activitity for anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial. This compounds isolated from various marine organism, including from marine-derived fungi. Investigation of chemical compounds from marine-derived fungi isolated from sponge has increased steadily, indicating the important role of marine-derived fungi in the discovery of drug compounds. The sponge has produced various kinds of fungi, which have reported to provide a variety of pharmacologically active metabolites and structurally diverse. Study literature showed that many fungal genera isolated from the marine sponge dominated the genus Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Phoma, and Fusarium. The high proportion of genera and new compounds showed that the fungi isolated from the sponge could develop.

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Proksch, P., R. Ebel, R. A. Edrada, P. Schupp, W. H. Lin, V. Wray, and K. Steube. "Detection of pharmacologically active natural products using ecology. Selected examples from Indopacific marine invertebrates and sponge-derived fungi." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 2-3 (January 1, 2003): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375020343.

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This review article presents our group's recent research findings with regard to bioactive natural products from marine sponges and tunicates, as well as from sponge derived fungi. The organisms discussed originate in the Indopacific region, which has an exceptionally rich marine biodiversity. Major topics that are covered in our review include the chemical ecology of sponges, focusing on defense against fishes, as well as the isolation and identification of new bioactive constituents from sponges and tunicates. Sponge derived fungi are introduced as an emerging source for new bioactive metabolites, reflecting the currently growing interest in natural products from marine microorganisms.

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Bakhtra, Dwi, Yanwirasti Yanwirasti, Fatma Sri Wahyuni, Ibtisamatul Aminah, and Dian Handayani. "Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities Screening of Marine Invertebrate-Derived Fungi Extract from West Sumatera, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (August 12, 2022): 1427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10374.

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BACKGROUND: The coral reef on Mandeh Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia, consists of an abundant source of sponge and soft coral. Secondary metabolites of marine-derived fungi isolated from the sponge and soft coral possess numerous biological activities. AIM: This study collected, identified, and screened marine-derived fungi isolated from marine invertebrates for antibacterial and cytotoxic bioactivities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The marine invertebrates used are sponges; Xestospongia testudinaria and Placortis communis) and soft corals (Sarcophyton elegan and Subergorgia suberosa). The EtOAc extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities using the diffusion agar method and brine shrimps lethality test. RESULTS: After cultivating on rice medium, the EtOAc extracts of 22 isolated fungi showed potent antimicrobial activity with an inhibitory zone of 15.9 mm against Staphylococcus aureus (XT2 extract), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of 26.7 mm (XT6 extract), and Candida albicans of 29 mm (SE5 extract). XT6 extract showed the potential cytotoxic activity with an LC50 value of 100 μg/ml. CONCLUSION: The ability of the marine-derived fungi to produce bioactive compounds is promising potential as a source of antimicrobial and cytotoxic compounds.

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Anteneh, Yitayal S., Melissa H. Brown, and Christopher M. M. Franco. "Characterization of a Halotolerant Fungus from a Marine Sponge." BioMed Research International 2019 (November 23, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3456164.

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Introduction. Marine sponges have established symbiotic interactions with a large number of microorganisms including fungi. Most of the studies so far have focussed on the characterization of sponge-associated bacteria and archaea with only a few reports on sponge-associated fungi. During the isolation and characterization of bacteria from marine sponges of South Australia, we observed multiple types of fungi. One isolate in particular was selected for further investigation due to its unusually large size and being chromogenic. Here, we report on the investigations on the physical, morphological, chemical, and genotypic properties of this yeast-like fungus. Methods and Materials. Sponge samples were collected from South Australian marine environments, and microbes were isolated using different isolation media under various incubation conditions. Microbial isolates were identified on the basis of morphology, staining characteristics, and their 16S rRNA or ITS/28S rRNA gene sequences. Results. Twelve types of yeast and fungal isolates were detected together with other bacteria and one of these fungi measured up to 35 μm in diameter with a unique chromogen compared to other fungi. Depending on the medium type, this unique fungal isolate appeared as yeast-like fungi with different morphological forms. The isolate can ferment and assimilate nearly all of the tested carbohydrates. Furthermore, it tolerated a high concentration of salt (up to 25%) and a range of pH and temperature. ITS and 28S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a sequence similarity of 93% and 98%, respectively, with the closest genera of Eupenidiella, Hortaea, and Stenella. Conclusions. On the basis of its peculiar morphology, size, and genetic data, this yeast-like fungus possibly constitutes a new genus and the name Magnuscella marinae, gen nov., sp. nov., is proposed. This study is the first of its kind for the complete characterization of a yeast-like fungus from marine sponges. This novel isolate developed a symbiotic interaction with living hosts, which was not observed with other reported closest genera (they exist in a saprophytic relationship). The observed unique size and morphology may favour this new isolate to establish symbiotic interactions with living hosts.

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Neumann, Kerstin, Stefan Kehraus, Michael Gütschow, and Gabriele M. König. "Cytotoxic and HLE-Inhibitory Tetramic Acid Derivatives from Marine-Derived Fungi." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 3 (March 2009): 1934578X0900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400308.

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Tetramic acid derivatives are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles with a pyrrolidine-2,4-dione core as a key structural motif. From the sponge-derived fungus Beauveria bassiana, a new equisetin-like tetramic acid derivative, beauversetin (1), was isolated. The sea weed-derived fungus Microdiplodia sp. produced the tetramic acid derivative 2 (Sch210972) which was shown to inhibit human leucocyte elastase (HLE) with an IC50 of 1.04 μg mL−1.

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Xynas, R., and RJ Capon. "Two New Bromotyrosine-Derived Metabolites From an Australian Marine Sponge, Aplysina sp." Australian Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 8 (1989): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9891427.

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Two new bromotyrosine-derived secondary metabolites, aplysamine-1 (5) and aplysamine-2 (6), were isolated from an Australian marine sponge, Aplysina sp. The structures were assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, and the tertiary amine salt character was revealed by conversion into the corresponding free tertiary amines. Cooccurring with (5) and (6) were the known antibiotic compounds (+)-aeroplysinin (1) and (3′,5′-dibromo-4′-ethoxy-1′-hydroxy-4′-methoxycyclohexa-2′,5′-dienyl)acetamide (2).

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Anteneh, Yitayal S., Qi Yang, Melissa H. Brown, and Christopher M. M. Franco. "Antimicrobial Activities of Marine Sponge-Associated Bacteria." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010171.

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The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which decreases the chance of treating those infected with existing antibiotics. This resistance calls for the search of new antimicrobials from prolific producers of novel natural products including marine sponges. Many of the novel active compounds reported from sponges have originated from their microbial symbionts. Therefore, this study aims to screen for bioactive metabolites from bacteria isolated from sponges. Twelve sponge samples were collected from South Australian marine environments and grown on seven isolation media under four incubation conditions; a total of 1234 bacterial isolates were obtained. Of these, 169 bacteria were tested in media optimized for production of antimicrobial metabolites and screened against eleven human pathogens. Seventy bacteria were found to be active against at least one test bacterial or fungal pathogen, while 37% of the tested bacteria showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains and antifungal activity was produced by 21% the isolates. A potential novel active compound was purified possessing inhibitory activity against S. aureus. Using 16S rRNA, the strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. Our study highlights that the marine sponges of South Australia are a rich source of abundant and diverse bacteria producing metabolites with antimicrobial activities against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

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Sibero, Mada Triandala, Tao Zhou, Keisuke Fukaya, Daisuke Urabe, Ocky K. Karna Radjasa, Agus Sabdono, Agus Trianto, and Yasuhiro Igarashi. "Two new aromatic polyketides from a sponge-derived Fusarium." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (December 9, 2019): 2941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.289.

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In our natural product screening program from marine fungi, two new aromatic polyketides karimunones A (1) and B (2) and five known compounds (3–7) were isolated from sponge-associated Fusarium sp. KJMT.FP.4.3 which was collected from an Indonesian sponge Xestospongia sp. The structures of these compounds were determined by the analysis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. The NMR assignment of 1 was assisted by DFT-based theoretical chemical shift calculation. Compound 2 showed antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi with a MIC of 125 µg/mL while 1 was not active.

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Baker, Paul W., Alan D. W. Dobson, and Julian Marchesi. "In situ extraction of RNA from marine-derived fungi associated with the marine sponge, Haliclona simulans." Mycological Progress 11, no. 4 (April 12, 2012): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0796-4.

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Gao, Zheng, Binglin Li, Chengchao Zheng, and Guangyi Wang. "Molecular Detection of Fungal Communities in the Hawaiian Marine Sponges Suberites zeteki and Mycale armata." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 19 (August 1, 2008): 6091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01315-08.

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ABSTRACT Symbiotic microbes play a variety of fundamental roles in the health and habitat ranges of their hosts. While prokaryotes in marine sponges have been broadly characterized, the diversity of sponge-inhabiting fungi has barely been explored using molecular approaches. Fungi are an important component of many marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and they may be an ecologically significant group in sponge-microbe interactions. This study tested the feasibility of using existing fungal primers for molecular analysis of sponge-associated fungal communities. None of the eight selected primer pairs yielded satisfactory results in fungal rRNA gene or internal transcribed spacer (ITS) clone library constructions. However, 3 of 10 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) primer sets, which were designed to preferentially amplify fungal rRNA gene or ITS regions from terrestrial environmental samples, were successfully amplified from fungal targets in marine sponges. DGGE analysis indicated that fungal communities differ among different sponge species (Suberites zeteki and Mycale armata) and also vary between sponges and seawater. Sequence analysis of DGGE bands identified 23 and 21 fungal species from each of the two sponge species S. zeteki and M. armata, respectively. These species were representatives of 11 taxonomic orders and belonged to the phyla of Ascomycota (seven orders) and Basidiomycota (four orders). Five of these taxonomic orders (Malasseziales, Corticiales, Polyporales, Agaricales, and Dothideomycetes et Chaetothyriomcetes incertae sedis) have now been identified for the first time in marine sponges. Seven and six fungal species from S. zeteki and M. armata, respectively, are potentially new species because of their low sequence identity (≤98%) with their references in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis indicated sponge-derived sequences were clustered into “marine fungus clades” with those from other marine habitats. This is the first report of molecular analysis of fungal communities in marine sponges, adding depth and dimension to our understanding of sponge-associated microbial communities.

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Fajarningsih, Nurrahmi Dewi, Muhammad Nursid, and Ekowati Chasanah. "Screening of Antitumor Bioactivity of Fungi Associated with Macro Algae and Sponge from Indrayanti Beach, Jogjakarta." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (June 24, 2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v8i2.25.

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This research was aimed to isolate marine derived-fungi which associated with macro algae and sponge from Indrayanti Beach, Jogjakarta and to screen the antitumor (T47D and HeLa) bioactivity of the fungi extracts. Three solid media of MEA (malt extract agar), GPY (glucose peptone yeast) and MFM (minimal fungi medium) were used as isolation medium. Each of the pure fungi isolates was then cultivated in 100 ml of liquid medium for 4 weeks at room temperature (27-28°C) in static conditions. The antitumor activity of the fungi extracts were tested against breast tumor cells (T47D) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) using Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (MTT) assay method. A number of 21 isolates of fungi were isolated from 4 macro algae and 1 sponge samples. The identification of fungi isolate was conducted using combination of molecular approach (ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 DNA regions) and macro-micro morphological characteristics. Among those 21 marine fungi species isolated, MFGK-21 extract showed the best anti-servical tumor (HeLa) with an IC50 value of 240.1 µg/ml and MFGK-27 extract showed the best anti-breast tumor (T47D) with an IC50 value of 59.6 µg/ml. The MFGK-21 fungi isolate was identified as Penicillium steckii, while the MFGK-27 fungi isolate was identified as Aspergillus sydowii.

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Tian, Li-Wen, Yunjiang Feng, Yoko Shimizu, Tom Pfeifer, Cheryl Wellington, John N. A. Hooper, and Ronald J. Quinn. "Aplysinellamides A–C, Bromotyrosine-Derived Metabolites from an Australian Aplysinella sp. Marine Sponge." Journal of Natural Products 77, no. 5 (April 23, 2014): 1210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np500119e.

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Veríssimo, Ana C. S., Diana C. G. A. Pinto, and Artur M. S. Silva. "Marine-Derived Xanthone from 2010 to 2021: Isolation, Bioactivities and Total Synthesis." Marine Drugs 20, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20060347.

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Marine life has proved to be an invaluable source of new compounds with significant bioactivities, such as xanthones. This review summarizes the advances made in the study of marine-derived xanthones from 2010 to 2021, from isolation towards synthesis, highlighting their biological activities. Most of these compounds were isolated from marine-derived fungi, found in marine sediments, and associated with other aquatic organisms (sponge and jellyfish). Once isolated, xanthones have been assessed for different bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties. In the latter case, promising results have been demonstrated. Considering the significant bioactivities showed by xanthones, efforts have been made to synthesize these compounds, like yicathins B and C and the secalonic acid D, through total synthesis.

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Bai, Xuelian, Menglian Dong, Tongfei Lai, and Huawei Zhang. "Antimicrobial evaluation of the crude extract of symbiotic fungi from marine sponge Reniera japonica." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 13, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v13i1.34468.

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Marine sponge-derived microbes are one of the rich sources of bioactive natural products with a broad spectrum of bioactivities. The present work focuses on the isolation and antimicrobial screening of the marine sponge-associated fungi from Reniera japonica MNP-2016. The results indicated that five fungi (L1-2, L2-1, L4, L8-1 and L14) were successfully isolated. Bioassay tests showed that only strain L14 had strong inhibitory effect on the pathogens, Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. 18S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that strain L14 was ascribed to Aspergillus genus. To the best of our knowledge, this work was the first report on the isolation and antimicrobial evaluation of fungi from R. japonica.Video Clip of Methodology:1 min 13 sec: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/RSA2icw3emg">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSA2icw3emg">Alternate</a>

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Butler, MS, TK Lim, RJ Capon, and LS Hammond. "The Bastadins Revisited: New Chemistry From the Australian Marine Sponge Ianthella basta." Australian Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 2 (1991): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9910287.

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A specimen of Ianthella basta, collected from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, has been found to contain the recently reported tetramer of bromotyrosine , bastadin-9 (6a), along with a new example of this structure class, bastadin-12 (9a). The structure for bastadin-12 (9a) was confirmed by detailed spectroscopic analysis and derivatization, and represents the first reported example of this structure class derived from an alternative oxidative cyclization . As earlier biosynthetic arguments to the structure elucidation of some bastadins were based on the premise that only one cyclization pathway was possible (leading to 13,32-dioxa-4,22-diazabastarane), the discovery of (9a) introduces an added dimension to the identification of new and known bastadins. Also isolated and identified as their methyl ethers were two new dimers of bromotyrosine, hemibastadin-1 (10) and hemibastadin-2 (11).

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Artasasta, Muh Ade, Yanwirasti Yanwirasti, Muhammad Taher, Akmal Djamaan, Ni Putu Ariantari, Ru Angelie Edrada-Ebel, and Dian Handayani. "Apoptotic Activity of New Oxisterigmatocystin Derivatives from the Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus nomius NC06." Marine Drugs 19, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19110631.

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Sponge-derived fungi have recently attracted attention as an important source of interesting bioactive compounds. Aspergillus nomius NC06 was isolated from the marine sponge Neopetrosia chaliniformis. This fungus was cultured on rice medium and yielded four compounds including three new oxisterigmatocystins, namely, J, K, and L (1, 2, and 3), and one known compound, aspergillicin A (4). Structures of the compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity against HT 29 colon cancer cells, where compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited IC50 values of 6.28, 15.14, and 1.63 µM, respectively. Under the fluorescence microscope by using a double staining method, HT 29 cells were observed to be viable, apoptotic, and necrotic after treatment with the cytotoxic compounds 1, 2, and 4. The result shows that compounds 1 and 2 were able to induce apoptosis and cell death in HT 29 cells.

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Trinh, Phan Thi Hoai, Tran Thi Thanh Van, Bui Minh Ly, Byeoung Kyu Choi, Hee Jae Shin, Jong Seok Lee, Hyi Seung Lee, and Phi Quyet Tien. "Antimicrobial activity of natural compounds from sponge – derived fungus Aspergillus flocculosus 01NT.1.1.5." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 4 (August 8, 2020): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16/4/8866.

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The Aspergillus fungi have been an important source of natural products that are useful for exploration in medicine, agriculture and industry. In our continuous investigation to search for new antimicrobial agents from marine-derived fungi, one new phomaligol A2 (1), together with three known compounds, wasabidienone E (2), aspertetranone D (3) and mactanamide (4), were obtained from the EtOAc extract of the culture medium of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus flocculosus (A. flocculosus) 01NT.1.1.5 isolated from the sponge Stylissa sp. at Nhatrang Bay, Vietnam. Their chemical structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data, as well as by comparison of the corresponding data to those previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, the aim of this study was also to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of these compounds against pathogenic microbes including Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) ATCC 11778, Streptococcus faecalis (S. faecalis) ATCC 19433, Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) ATCC 19111, and Candida albicans (C. albicans) ATCC 10231. Among the compounds, 1-3 were inhibitory on the growth of the yeast C. albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 16 μg/mL, which was more potent than amoxicillin and cefotaxime (MIC > 256 μg/mL), antimicrobial drugs as positive references. Moreover, compounds 1-4 were also found to be active against other pathogens including P. aeruginosa and S. faecalis with MIC values of 16 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 4 had no inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes, whereas compounds 1-3 had ability to against this strain with MICs of 32 to 64 μg/mL. Four of tested compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against B. cereus and E. coli with MIC values of 64-128 μg/mL. This is the first report about these compounds with antimicrobial activity obtained from marine fungus A. flocculosus isolated in Vietnam.

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Lutfiah, R., N. L. G. R. Juliasih, J. Hendri, and A. Setiawan. "Screening Extract EtOAc Sponge Derived Fungi Against Clinical Staphylococcus aureus to Obtain Sustainable Natural Product." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 940, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012043.

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Abstract The increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to various antibiotics worldwide has become a severe problem for medicine and human health. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of extract ethyl acetate (EtOAc) produced by sponge-derived fungi as an antibacterial agent. This study obtained nineteen fungal isolates from the marine sponges in Singaraja, Buleleng Bali, Indonesia. The pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from patients at Abdul Moeloek Hospital, Bandar Lampung. The susceptibility test of Staphylococcus aureus was carried out on nine types of commercial antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. The solid-state fermentation (SSF) method on rice media carried the cultivation and co-cultivation of fungi. The bioactivity of the extract was tested against pathogenic bacteria S. aureus. The results of the susceptibility test to antibiotics showed S. aureus resistance to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin. Showed that extracts A12RF, A05RF, C36RF had inhibitory activity against the growth of S. aureus at a concentration of 0,5mg/mL. These results indicate that co-cultivation can induce fungi to produce different secondary metabolites. This basic information is essential for further studies related to the production of fungal bioactive compounds through the co-cultivation stage in the SSF process.

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El-Gendy, Mervat Morsy Abbas Ahmed, Shaymaa M. M. Yahya, Ahmed R. Hamed, Maha M. Soltan, and Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed El-Bondkly. "Phylogenetic Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Marine Endophytic Fungi Derived from Red Sea Sponge Hyrtios erectus." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 185, no. 3 (January 12, 2018): 755–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2679-x.

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Agampodi Dewa, Amila, Zeinab G. Khalil, Ahmed H. Elbanna, and Robert J. Capon. "Chrysosporazines Revisited: Regioisomeric Phenylpropanoid Piperazine P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors from Australian Marine Fish-Derived Fungi." Molecules 27, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103172.

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A library of fungi previously recovered from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of several fresh, commercially sourced Australian mullet fish was re-profiled for production of a rare class of phenylpropanoid piperazine alkaloids (chrysosporazines) using an integrated platform of; (i) miniaturized 24-well plate cultivation profiling (MATRIX), (ii) UPLC-DAD and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS (GNPS) chemical profiling, and; (iii) precursor directed biosynthesis to manipulate in situ biosynthetic performance and outputs; to detect two new fungal producers of chrysosporazines. Chemical analysis of an optimized PDA solid phase cultivation of Aspergillus sp. CMB-F661 yielded the new regioisomeric chrysosporazine T (1) and U (2), while precursor directed cultivation amplified production and yielded the very minor new natural products azachrysosporazine T1 (3) and U1 (4), and the new unnatural analogues neochrysosporazine R (5) and S (6). Likewise, chemical analysis of an optimized M1 solid phase cultivation of Spiromastix sp. CMB-F455 lead to the GNPS detection of multiple chrysosporazines and brasiliamides, and the isolation and structure elucidation of chrysosporazine D (7) and brasiliamide A (8). Access to new chrysosporazine regioisomers facilitated structure activity relationship investigations to better define the chrysosporazine P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitory pharmacophore, which is exceptionally potent at reversing doxorubrin resistance in P-gp over expressing colon carcinoma cells (SW600 Ad300).

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Salim, Angela A., Zeinab G. Khalil, Ahmed H. Elbanna, Taizong Wu, and Robert J. Capon. "Methods in Microbial Biodiscovery." Marine Drugs 19, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19090503.

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This review presents an account of the microbial biodiscovery methodology developed and applied in our laboratory at The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, with examples drawn from our experiences studying natural products produced by Australian marine-derived (and terrestrial) fungi and bacteria.

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Sokullu, Emel, İrem Polat, Ferhat Can Özkaya, Mona El-Neketi, Weaam Ebrahim, Misagh Rezapour Sarabi, Gulgun Sengul, and Savas Tasoglu. "3D engineered neural co-culture model and neurovascular effects of marine fungi-derived citreohybridonol." AIP Advances 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 095102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0100452.

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Marine-based biomolecules are emerging metabolites that have gained attention for developing novel biomaterials, drugs, and pharmaceutical in vitro platforms. Here, we developed a 3D engineered neural co-culture model via a 3D prototyped sliding frame-platform for multi-step UV lithography and investigated the neurovascular potential of citreohybridonol in neuroblastoma treatment. Citreohybridonol was isolated from a sponge-derived fungus Penicillium atrovenetum. The model was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines were encapsulated in gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) with and without citreohybridonol. The effect of citreohybridonol on the proliferation capacity of cells was assessed via cell viability and immunostaining assays. GelMA and 3D culture characterization indicated that the cells were successfully encapsulated as axenic and mixed with/without citreohybridonol. The cytotoxic test confirmed that the 3D microenvironment was non-toxic for cultural experiments, and it showed the inhibitory effects of citreohybridonol on SH-SY5Y cells and induced the proliferation of HUVECs. Finally, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that citreohybridonol suppressed SH-SY5Y cells and induced vascularization of HUVECs in mixed 3D cell culture.

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Elbanna, Khalil, Bernhardt, and Capon. "Scopularides Revisited: Molecular Networking Guided Exploration of Lipodepsipeptides in Australian Marine Fish Gastrointestinal Tract-Derived Fungi." Marine Drugs 17, no. 8 (August 16, 2019): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17080475.

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Chemical analysis of a cultivation of an Australian Mugil mullet gastrointestinal tract (GIT) derived fungus, Scopulariopsis sp. CMB-F458, yielded the known lipodepsipeptides scopularides A (1) and B (2). A comparative global natural product social (GNPS) molecular networking analysis of ×63 co-isolated fungi, detected two additional fungi producing new scopularides, with Beauveria sp. CMB-F585 yielding scopularides C–G (3–7) and Scopulariopsis sp. CMB-F115 yielding scopularide H (8). Structures inclusive of absolute configurations were assigned by detailed spectroscopic and C3 Marfey’s analysis, together with X-ray analyses of 3 and 8, and biosynthetic considerations. Scopularides A–H (1–8) did not exhibit significant growth inhibitory activity against a selection of Gram positive (+ve) and negative (−ve) bacteria, a fungus, or a panel of three human carcinoma cell lines.

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Ye, Yuxiu, Jiaqi Liang, Jianglian She, Xiuping Lin, Junfeng Wang, Yonghong Liu, Dehua Yang, Yanhui Tan, Xiaowei Luo, and Xuefeng Zhou. "Two New Alkaloids and a New Butenolide Derivative from the Beibu Gulf Sponge-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41413." Marine Drugs 21, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21010027.

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Marine sponge-derived fungi have been proven to be a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Two new alkaloids, polonimides E (1) and D (2), and a new butenolide derivative, eutypoid F (11), were isolated from the Beibu Gulf sponge-derived fungus, Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41413, together with thirteen known compounds (3–10, 12–16). Their structures were determined by detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic analyses, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. Butenolide derivatives 11 and 12 exhibited inhibitory effect against the enzyme PI3K with IC50 values of 1.7 μM and 9.8 μM, respectively. The molecular docking was also performed to understand the inhibitory activity, while 11 and 12 showed obvious protein/ligand-binding effects to the PI3K protein. Moreover, 4 and 15 displayed obvious inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells at 10 µM.

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Ramage, Kelsey S., Aya C. Taki, Kah Yean Lum, Sasha Hayes, Joseph J. Byrne, Tao Wang, Andreas Hofmann, et al. "Dysidenin from the Marine Sponge Citronia sp. Affects the Motility and Morphology of Haemonchus contortus Larvae In Vitro." Marine Drugs 19, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19120698.

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High-throughput screening of the NatureBank marine extract library (n = 7616) using a phenotypic assay for the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus identified an active extract derived from the Australian marine sponge Citronia sp. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the CH2Cl2/MeOH extract from Citronia sp. resulted in the purification of two known hexachlorinated peptides, dysidenin (1) and dysideathiazole (2). Compound 1 inhibited the growth/development of H. contortus larvae and induced multiple phenotypic changes, including a lethal evisceration (Evi) phenotype and/or somatic cell and tissue destruction. This is the first report of anthelmintic activity for these rare and unique polychlorinated peptides.

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Hayes, Sasha, Aya C. Taki, Kah Yean Lum, Joseph J. Byrne, Merrick G. Ekins, Robin B. Gasser, and Rohan A. Davis. "Using UHPLC–MS profiling for the discovery of new sponge-derived metabolites and anthelmintic screening of the NatureBank bromotyrosine library." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 18 (November 15, 2022): 1544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.18.164.

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In order to further expand the NatureBank open access compound library, chemical investigations of the Australian marine sponge, Ianthella basta, were undertaken since UHPLC–MS analysis of the extract from this sponge indicated the presence of a new alkaloid. Large-scale extraction and mass-directed isolation studies on the CH2Cl2/MeOH I. basta extract resulted in the purification of a new bromotyrosine-derived alkaloid, 5-debromopurealidin H (1), along with the known marine natural product, ianthesine E (2). The chemical structure of the new compound was determined following detailed spectroscopic and spectrometric data analysis. These two compounds (1 and 2) along with seven previously reported marine bromotyrosine alkaloids from the NatureBank open access library, which included psammaplysins F (3) and H (4), bastadins 4 (5), 8 (6) and 13 (7), aerothionin (8) and hexadellin A (9), were evaluated for their nematocidal activity against exsheathed third-stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus, a highly pathogenic parasite of ruminants. Of the nine compounds, bastadin 8 (6), hexadellin A (9) and bastadin 4 (5) showed inhibition towards larval motility after 72 h of exposure with IC50 values of 1.6 µM, 10.0 µM and 33.3 µM, respectively.

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El-Sayed, Ashraf S. A., Wafaa H. B. Hassan, Sherouk Hussein Sweilam, Mohammed Hamed Saeed Alqarni, Zeinab I. El Sayed, Mahmoud M. Abdel-Aal, Eman Abdelsalam, and Sahar Abdelaziz. "Production, Bioprocessing and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Camptothecin from Penicillium chrysogenum, “An Endozoic of Marine Sponge, Cliona sp.”, as a Metabolically Stable Camptothecin Producing Isolate." Molecules 27, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 3033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093033.

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Exploring the metabolic potency of fungi as camptothecin producers raises the hope of their usage as an industrial source of camptothecin, due to their short-life span and the feasibility of metabolic engineering. However, the tiny yield and loss of camptothecin productivity of fungi during storage and sub-culturing are challenges that counteract this approach. Marine fungi could be a novel source for camptothecin production, with higher yield and reliable metabolic sustainability. The marine fungal isolate Penicillium chrysogenum EFBL # OL597937.1 derived from the sponge “Cliona sp.” has been morphologically identified and molecularly confirmed, based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence, exhibiting the highest yield of camptothecin (110 μg/L). The molecular structure and chemical identity of P. chrysogenum derived camptothecin has been resolved by HPLC, FTIR and LC-MS/MS analyses, giving the same spectroscopic profiles and mass fragmentation patterns as authentic camptothecin. The extracted camptothecin displayed a strong anti-proliferative activity towards HEP-2 and HCT-116 (IC50 values 0.33–0.35 µM). The yield of camptothecin was maximized by nutritional optimization of P. chrysogenum with a Plackett-Burman design, and the productivity of camptothecin increased by 1.8 fold (200 µg/L), compared to control fungal cultures. Upon storage at 4 °C as slope culture for 8 months, the productivity of camptothecin for P. chrysogenum was reduced by 40% compared to the initial culture. Visual fading of the mycelial pigmentation of P. chrysogenum was observed during fungal storage, matched with loss of camptothecin productivity. Methylene chloride extracts of Cliona sp. had the potency to completely restore the camptothecin productivity of P. chrysogenum, ensuring the partial dependence of the expression of the camptothecin biosynthetic machinery of P. chrysogenum on the chemical signals derived from the sponge, or the associated microbial flora. This is the first report describing the feasibility of P. chrysogenum, endozoic of Cliona sp., for camptothecin production, along with reliable metabolic biosynthetic stability, which could be a new platform for scaling-up camptothecin production.

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Khushi, Shamsunnahar, Angela A. Salim, Ahmed H. Elbanna, Laizuman Nahar, and Robert J. Capon. "New from Old: Thorectandrin Alkaloids in a Southern Australian Marine Sponge, Thorectandra choanoides (CMB-01889)." Marine Drugs 19, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19020097.

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Thorectandra choanoides (CMB-01889) was prioritized as a source of promising new chemistry from a library of 960 southern Australian marine sponge extracts, using a global natural products social (GNPS) molecular networking approach. The sponge was collected at a depth of 45 m. Chemical fractionation followed by detailed spectroscopic analysis led to the discovery of a new tryptophan-derived alkaloid, thorectandrin A (1), with the GNPS cluster revealing a halo of related alkaloids 1a–1n. In considering biosynthetic origins, we propose that Thorectandrachoanoides (CMB-01889) produces four well-known alkaloids, 6-bromo-1′,8-dihydroaplysinopsin (2), 6-bromoaplysinopsin (3), aplysinopsin (4), and 1′,8-dihydroaplysinopsin (10), all of which are susceptible to processing by a putative indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like (IDO) enzyme to 1a–1n. Where the 1′,8-dihydroalkaloids 2 and 10 are fully transformed to stable ring-opened thorectandrins 1 and 1a–1b, and 1h–1j, respectively, the conjugated precursors 3 and 4 are transformed to highly reactive Michael acceptors that during extraction and handling undergo complete transformation to artifacts 1c–1g, and 1k–1n, respectively. Knowledge of the susceptibility of aplysinopsins as substrates for IDOs, and the relative reactivity of Michael acceptor transformation products, informs our understanding of the pharmaceutical potential of this vintage marine pharmacophore. For example, the cancer tissue specificity of IDOs could be exploited for an immunotherapeutic response, with aplysinopsins transforming in situ to Michael acceptor thorectandrins, which covalently bind and inhibit the enzyme.

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Hoai Trinh, Phan Thi, Ngo Thi Duy Ngoc, Vo Thi Dieu Trang, Phi Quyet Tien, Bui Minh Ly, Tran Thi Thanh Van, Pham Duc Thinh, and Pham Trung San. "EFFECT OF CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MARINE - DERIVED FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS FLOCCULOSUS 01NT.1.1.5." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 15, no. 4 (December 14, 2018): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15/4/13415.

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The biosynthesis of compounds with antibiotic activity produced by marine fungi, strongly depends on their growth conditions. A good understanding of the role of culture conditions in the biosynthesis of metabolites may lead to better exploitation of microbial metabolites. In this study, the influence of culture conditions including incubation period, initial pH and salinity on antimicrobial activity and secondary metabolites production of marine fungus 01NT.1.1.5 was investigated. This isolate, obtained from sponge Stylissa sp. in Nha Trang Bay, exhibited a broad spectrum of in vitro antimicrobial activity to Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. According to morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of 28S rDNA, the fungus was identified as Aspergillus flocculosus. The results indicated that antimicrobial activity and metabolite amount were highest when the fungus was cultivated in rice medium with incubation period of 20 days. The optimum salinity of 35 g/L and initial pH of 6.0 were found for the maximum antibiotic production. The colony growth, antimicrobial activity and production of secondary metabolites of the strain A. flocculosus 01NT.1.1.5 varied depending on salt concentrations and initial pH of medium. Particularly, extract of this fungus only showed activity against C. albicans when it was cultured in medium with 30-35 g/L salinity and initial pH 4.0-8.0. The results indicate that salinity and initial pH along with cultivation period are important factors inﬂuencing antimicrobial activity and secondary metabolites of A. flocculosus 01NT.1.1.5, and might be for other marine fungi.

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Chen, Yaping, Ruyan Chen, Jinhuai Xu, Yongqi Tian, Jiangping Xu, and Yonghong Liu. "Two New Altenusin/Thiazole Hybrids and a New Benzothiazole Derivative from the Marine Sponge-Derived Fungus Alternaria sp. SCSIOS02F49." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112844.

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Two novel altenusin-thiazole hybrids named altenusinoides A and B (1 and 2), a new benzothiazole derivative (3), and three known altenusin derivatives (4–6) have been obtained from the solid culture of the marine sponge-derived fungal strain, Alternaria sp. SCSIOS02F49. The structures of these new compounds were characterized by NMR, HRESIMS, and X-ray single crystal analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 possess an unusual altenusin-thiazole-fused skeleton core (6/6/5), and compound 3 represents the first benzothiazole derivative from fungi. Compounds 4 and 5 showed significant DPPH free-radical-scavenging activities with the prominent IC50 values of 10.7 ± 0.09 μM and 100.6 ± 0.025 μM, respectively. Additionally, compound 5 exhibited COX-2 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 9.5 ± 0.08 μM.

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Sahu, Geeta, Geeta Kachhi, Bhupendra Thakur, Anushree Jain, Prateek Kumar Jain, and Basant Khare. "Novel Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sources as a Tool for Drug Development." International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijmspr.v8i3.57.

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The marine environment is a relatively unexplored source of functional ingredients that can be used in food processing, storage, and fortification in a variety of ways. Marine microorganisms are a possible source of novel bioactive chemicals with potential human utility. Some of these microbes can live in the harsh marine environments, resulting in complex compounds with unique biological properties that can be used in several industrial and biotechnological applications. So far, several marine microorganisms (fungi, myxomycetes, bacteria, and microalgae) have been isolated that produce antioxidant, antibacterial, apoptotic, antitumoral, and antiviral chemicals. Furthermore, it emphasizes the enormous potential for marine microbes to produce very important bioactive chemicals. They are used for new drug developments extensively across the world. Marine pharmacology offers the scope for research on these drugs of marine origin. Few institutes in India offer such opportunities which can help us in the quest for new drugs. This is an extensive review of the drugs developed and the potential new drug candidates from marine origin along with the opportunities for research on marine derived products. It also gives the information about the institutes in India which offer marine pharmacology related courses. Keywords: Anticancer, Bryostatin, Cytarabine, Keyhole limpet hemocyanin, Mariculture, Sponge, Ziconotide

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Yang, Kun, Ming-Ji Jin, Zhe-Shan Quan, and Hu-Ri Piao. "Design and Synthesis of Novel Anti-Proliferative Emodin Derivatives and Studies on their Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis Pathway and Migration." Molecules 24, no. 5 (March 2, 2019): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050884.

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Emodin is a cell arrest and apoptosis-inducing compound that is widely distributed in different plants (rhubarb, aloe), lichens and terrestrial fungi, and also isolated from marine-derived fungi and marine sponge-associated fungi. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel series of emodin derivatives by binding emodin to an amino acid using linkers of varying lengths and composition, and evaluated their anti-proliferative activities using HepG2 cells (human hepatic carcinoma), MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer) and human normal liver L02 cells. Most of these derivatives showed moderate to potent anti-proliferative activities. Notably, compound 7a exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 4.95 µM, which was enhanced 8.8-fold compared to the parent compound emodin (IC50 = 43.87 µM), and it also exhibited better selective anti-proliferative activity and specificity than emodin. Moreover, further experiments demonstrated that compound 7a displayed a significant efficacy of inducing apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway via release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and subsequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, inducing cell arrest at G0/G1 phase, as well as suppression of cell migration of tumor cells. The preliminary results suggested that compound 7a could be a promising lead compound for the discovery of novel anti-tumor drugs and has the potential for further investigations as an anti-cancer drug.

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Taki, Aya C., Joseph J. Byrne, Abdul Jabbar, Kah Yean Lum, Sasha Hayes, Russell S. Addison, Kelsey S. Ramage, et al. "High Throughput Screening of the NatureBank ‘Marine Collection’ in a Haemonchus Bioassay Identifies Anthelmintic Activity in Extracts from a Range of Sponges from Australian Waters." Molecules 26, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 5846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195846.

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Widespread resistance in parasitic nematodes to most classes of anthelmintic drugs demands the discovery and development of novel compounds with distinct mechanisms of action to complement strategic or integrated parasite control programs. Products from nature—which assume a diverse ‘chemical space’—have significant potential as a source of anthelmintic compounds. In the present study, we screened a collection of extracts (n = 7616) derived from marine invertebrates sampled from Australian waters in a high throughput bioassay for in vitro anti-parasitic activity against the barber’s pole worm (Haemonchus contortus)—an economically important parasitic nematode of livestock animals. In this high throughput screen (HTS), we identified 58 active extracts that reduced larval motility by ≥70% (at 90 h), equating to an overall ‘hit rate’ of ~0.8%. Of these 58 extracts, 16 also inhibited larval development by ≥80% (at 168 h) and/or induced ‘non-wild-type’ (abnormal) larval phenotypes with reference to ‘wild-type’ (normal) larvae not exposed to extract (negative controls). Most active extracts (54 of 58) originated from sponges, three from chordates (tunicates) and one from a coral; these extracts represented 37 distinct species/taxa of 23 families. An analysis of samples by 1H NMR fingerprinting was utilised to dereplicate hits and to prioritise a set of 29 sponge samples for future chemical investigation. Overall, these results indicate that a range of sponge species from Australian waters represents a rich source of natural compounds with nematocidal or nematostatic properties. Our plan now is to focus on in-depth chemical investigations of the sample set prioritised herein.

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Dahiya, Rajiv, Sunita Dahiya, Suresh V. Chennupati, Vernon Davis, Vijaya Sahadeo, and Jayvadan K. Patel. "Towards the Synthesis of a Heterocyclic Analogue of Natural Cyclooligopeptide with Improved Bio-properties." Current Organic Synthesis 19, no. 2 (March 2022): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179418666211005141811.

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Aims: The present investigation is targeted towards the synthesis of a novel analogue of a natural peptide of marine origin. Background: Marine sponges are enriched with bioactive secondary metabolites, especially circu-lar peptides. Heterocycles are established organic compounds with potential biological value. Tak-ing into consideration the bio-properties of heterocycles and marine sponge-derived natural pep-tides, an effort was made for the synthesis of a heterocyclic analogue of a natural cyclopeptide. Objective : A heterocyclic analogue of a sponge-derived proline-containing cyclic peptide, rolloam-ide A, was synthesized by interaction of Boc-protected L-histidinyl-L-prolyl-L-valine and L-prolyl-L-leucyl-L-prolyl-L-isoleucine methyl ester and compared with synthetic rolloamide A with bioac-tivity against bacteria, fungi, and earthworms. Methods: The synthesis of cycloheptapeptide was accomplished employing the liquid phase method. The larger peptide segment was prepared by interaction of Boc-protected L-prolyl-L-leu-cine with L-prolyl-L-isoleucine methyl ester. Similarly, the tripeptide unit was synthesized from Boc-protected L-histidinyl-L-proline with L-valine ester. The linear heptapeptide segment (7) was cyclized by utilizing pentafluorophenyl (pfp) ester, and the structure was elucidated by elemental and spectral (IR, 1H/13C NMR, MS) analysis. The peptide was also screened for diverse bioactivities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and potential against earthworms and cytotoxicity. Results: The novel cyclooligopeptide was synthesized with 84% yield by making use of car-bodiimides. The synthesized cyclopeptide exhibited significant cytotoxicity against two cell lines. In addition, promising antifungal and antihelmintic properties were observed for newly synthesized heterocyclic peptide derivative (8) against dermatophytes and three earthworm species at 6 μg/mL and 2 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Solution-phase technique employing carbodiimide chemistry was established to be promising for synthesizing the cycloheptapeptide derivative (8), and C5H5N was proved to be a better base for heptapeptide circling when compared to N-methylmorpholine and triethylamine.

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Davis, Rohan A., Daniela Vullo, Claudiu T. Supuran, and Sally-Ann Poulsen. "Natural Product Polyamines That Inhibit Human Carbonic Anhydrases." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/374079.

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Natural product compound collections have proven an effective way to access chemical diversity and recent findings have identified phenolic, coumarin, and polyamine natural products as atypical chemotypes that inhibit carbonic anhydrases (CAs). CA enzymes are implicated as targets of variable drug therapeutic classes and the discovery of selective, drug-like CA inhibitors is essential. Just two natural product polyamines, spermine and spermidine, have until now been investigated as CA inhibitors. In this study, five more complex natural product polyamines1–5, derived from either marine sponge or fungi, were considered for inhibition of six different human CA isozymes of interest in therapeutic drug development. All compounds share a simple polyamine core fragment, either spermine or spermidine, yet display substantially different structure activity relationships for CA inhibition. Notably, polyamines1–5were submicromolar inhibitors of the cancer drug target CA IX, this is more potent than either spermine or spermidine.

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Al-Saleem, Muneera S. M., Wafaa H. B. Hassan, Zeinab I. El Sayed, Mahmoud M. Abdel-Aal, Wael M. Abdel-Mageed, Eman Abdelsalam, and Sahar Abdelaziz. "Metabolic Profiling and In Vitro Assessment of the Biological Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Penicillium chrysogenum “Endozoic of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge” from the Red Sea (Egypt)." Marine Drugs 20, no. 5 (May 15, 2022): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20050326.

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Marine sponge-derived endozoic fungi have been gaining increasing importance as promising sources of numerous and unique bioactive compounds. This study investigates the phytochemical profile and biological activities of the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium chrysogenum derived from Cliona sp. sponge. Thirty-six compounds were tentatively identified from P. chrysogenum ethyl acetate extract along with the kojic acid (KA) isolation. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS positive ionization mode was used to analyze and identify the extract constituents while 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy were used for kojic acid (KA) structure confirmation. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were assessed in vitro. Both the extract and kojic acid showed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 250 ± 0.82 µg/mL. Interestingly, the extract showed strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 93.75 ± 0.55 and 19.53 ± 0.48 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, KA showed the same potency against Fusarium oxysporum and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 39.06 ± 0.85 and 39.06 ± 0.98 µg/mL, respectively. Ultimately, KA showed strong antioxidant activity with IC50 33.7 ± 0.8 µg/mL. Moreover, the extract and KA showed strong cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma (with IC50 22.6 ± 0.8 and 23.4 ± 1.4 µg/mL, respectively) and human larynx carcinoma (with equal IC50 30.8 ± 1.3 and ± 2.1 µg/mL, respectively), respectively. The current study represents the first insights into the phytochemical profile and biological properties of P. chrysoenum ethyl acetate extract, which could be a promising source of valuable secondary metabolites with potent biological potentials.

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Shaala, Lamiaa A., Torki Alzughaibi, Grégory Genta-Jouve, and Diaa T. A. Youssef. "Fusaripyridines A and B; Highly Oxygenated Antimicrobial Alkaloid Dimers Featuring an Unprecedented 1,4-Bis(2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydropyridin-2-yl)butane-2,3-dione Core from the Marine Fungus Fusarium sp. LY019." Marine Drugs 19, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19090505.

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The fungal strain, Fusarium sp. LY019, was obtained from the Red Sea sponge Suberea mollis. Bioassay-directed partition of the antimicrobial fraction of the extract of the culture of the fungus provided two dimeric alkaloids, fusaripyridines A and B (1 and 2). The compounds possess a previously unreported moiety, 1,4-bis(2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydropyridin-2-yl)butane-2,3-dione. Further, the compounds display a highly oxygenated substitution pattern on the dihydropyridine moieties, representing an additional feature of the fusaripyridines. Fusaripyridines A and B are the first examples of natural products possessing 1,4-bis(2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydropyridin-2-yl)butane-2,3-dione backbone. Careful analyses of the one- and two-dimensional NMR and HRESIMS spectra of the compounds secured their structural mapping, while their absolute stereochemistry was established by analyses of their ECD spectra. The production of such dimeric alkaloids with an unprecedented moiety in the culture of Fusarium sp. LY019 supports further understanding of the biosynthetic competences of the cultured marine-derived fungi. Fusaripyridines A and B selectively inhibited the growth of Candida albicans with MIC values down to 8.0 µM, while they are moderately active against S. aureus, E. coli and HeLa cells.

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Putu Oka, Samirana, Murti Yosi Bayu, Jenie Riris Istighfari, and Setyowati Erna Prawita. "Marine Sponge-Derived Fungi: Fermentation and Cytotoxic Activity." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, January 5, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/japs.2021.110103.

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Putu Oka, Samirana, Murti Yosi Bayu, Jenie Riris Istighfari, and Setyowati Erna Prawita. "Marine Sponge-Derived Fungi: Fermentation and Cytotoxic Activity." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, January 5, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/japs.2021.110103.

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Bahry, Muhammad Syaifudien, Ocky Karna Radjasa, and AGUS TRIANTO. "Potential of marine sponge-derived fungi in the aquaculture system." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 22, no. 7 (July 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220740.

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Abstract. Bahry MS, Radjasa OK, Trianto A. 2021. Potential of marine sponge-derived fungi in the aquaculture system. Biodiversitas 22: 2883-2892. Organic waste from aquaculture is one of the triggers of disease outbreaks and a decrease in water quality that urgently needs to be resolved. Indonesia has a high diversity of sponges including their associated microorganisms that potential in the field of biotechnology. This study aimed to determine the enzymatic and anti-vibrio activity of fungi associated with marine sponges and identify potential fungi. The specimen of sponges was collected from Samalona Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The enzymatic and anti-vibrio assay was conducted by using the plug method and the activity was determined by a clear zone around the fungal isolates. Fungal identification was carried out molecularly using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 and phylogenetic tree analysis. The fungal isolates were screened for the extracellular enzyme activity (amylase, cellulase, protease) and anti-vibrio activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. vulnificus). A total of three fungal isolates have been isolated from the sponge Monanchora sp. Isolate SL 3 SP 3.3 had potential enzymatic activities with Enzymatic Indeks (EI) 3.95±0.17 on amylase, 3.75±0.36 on cellulase, 5.38±0.30 on protease. The highest anti-vibrio activity was obtained against V. harveyi with an inhibition zone diameter of 4.82 ±0.37 mm. The results of fungal identification showed that isolate SL3SP3.3 had a sequence length of 638 bp and was closely related to Trichoderma reesei a.k.a Hypocrea jecorina with a similarity value of 99.69%.

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XYNAS, R., and R. J. CAPON. "ChemInform Abstract: Two New Bromotyrosine-Derived Metabolites from an Australian Marine Sponge, Aplysina sp." ChemInform 20, no. 48 (November 28, 1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198948313.

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Phan Thi, Hoai Trinh, Ekaterina A. Yurchenko, Anton N. Yurchenko, Duy Ngoc Ngo Thi, Dieu Trang Vo Thi, Thuy Hang Cao Thi, Thanh Van Tran Thi, et al. "Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of marine fungi isolated from sponges in Nha Trang bay." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/16631.

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Marine fungi are evaluated as a potential source for new natural compounds with bioactivities of pharmaceutical values. In this study, 66 fungal strains, isolated from 37 sponge samples in Nha Trang bay, were determined for cytotoxic activity against two human cancer cell lines including cervical cancer (Hela) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results showed that 46.9% (31/66) strains exhibited cytotoxic activity against both test cancer cell lines. Based on the analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences, five isolates with significant anticancer activity were identified as Aspergillus sp. 1901NT-1.2.2, Talaromyces sp. 1901NT-1.39.3, Aspergillus subramanianii 1901NT-1.40.2, Phoma sp. 1901NT-1.45.1, and Penicillium sp. 1901NT-2.53.1. Our finding indicated that the sponge-derived fungi in Nha Trang bay might be a potential source for anticancer compounds and need for further study to discover new anticancer drugs.

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Prata-Sena, M., A. Ramos, B. Castro-Carvalho, T. Dethoup, S. Buttachon, A. Kijjoa, and E. Rocha. "Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of two marine sponge-derived fungi extracts in HepG2, HCT116 and A375 cancer cell lines." Planta Medica 80, no. 16 (October 30, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1394594.

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"Screening of cytotoxic activities toward WiDr and Vero cell lines of ethyl acetate extracts of fungi-derived from the marine sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/japs.2019.90101.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Australian marine sponge derived fungi'

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