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1
TIMMS, BRIAN V., and PETER HUDSON. "The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina)." Zootaxa 2248, no. 1 (October 6, 2009): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2248.1.2.
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The Australian endemic brine shrimp Parartemia is more speciose than the literature suggests, with eight described species, four new ones added here from South Australia and many undescribed species elsewhere in Australia. P. acidiphila n. sp. occurs in acidic salinas on Eyre Peninsula, in the Gawler Ranges in South Australia and also in the Esperance hinterland, Western Australia, while P. auriciforma n. sp., P. triquetra n. sp. and P. yarleensis n. sp. occur in remote episodic salinas in western South Australia. Introduced Artemia franciscana and A. parthenogenetica are limited to present and defunct salt works; reports of Artemia beyond salt works in South Australia are enigmatic.
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SHEA, GLENN, SCOTT THOMSON, and ARTHUR GEORGES. "The identity of Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841 (Testudines: Chelidae) reassessed." Zootaxa 4779, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.3.9.
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The identity of Chelodina oblonga has been unclear because it has been variously defined to include populations of snake-necked chelid turtle from the southwest of Western Australia, across northern Australia, Cape York and southern New Guinea in its broadest conception, from just the northern part of this range (northern Australia and New Guinea), or restricted to the southwest corner of Western Australia in its narrowest conception. Uncertainty over the identity of the type specimens has added to the confusion. In this paper, we review the historical data on the extent of the type series of Chelodina oblonga, and its potential provenance, and find evidence that resolves some of the inconsistencies in previous literature on the identification of the type. Our analysis casts doubt on the northern Australian provenance of the type material. Hence, we return the name C. oblonga to the south-western species, in accordance with the genetic evidence for the provenance of the type in the Natural History Museum, London, and the external morphology of the type series. We designate a lectotype for the species, and redefine the subgeneric names that apply to the Australasian genus Chelodina, providing a new subgeneric name for one lineage.
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Spennemann, D. H. R., and L. R. Allen. "Feral olives ( Olea europaea) as future woody weeds in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 6 (2000): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98141.
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Olives (Olea europaea ssp. europaea), dispersed from 19th century orchards in the Adelaide area, have become established in remnant bushland as a major environmental weed. Recent expansion of the Australian olive industry has resulted in the widespread planting of olive orchards in South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Western Australia, Queensland and parts of Tasmania. This paper reviews the literature on the activity of vertebrate (principally avian) olive predators and their potential as vectors for spreading this plant into Australian remnant bushland. The effects of feralisation on the olive plant, which enhances its capacity for dispersal as a weed, place wider areas of south-eastern Australia at risk. A number of approaches for the control of olives as woody weeds are addressed. Proponents of new agricultural crops have moral and environmental obligations to assess the weed potential of these crops.
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Miragliotta, Narelle, and Campbell Sharman. "Western Australia." Australian Cultural History 28, no. 1 (April 2010): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07288430903164868.
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Borger, Catherine P. D., Guijun Yan, John K. Scott, Michael J. Walsh, and Stephen B. Powles. "Salsola tragus or S. australis (Chenopodiaceae) in Australia—untangling taxonomic confusion through molecular and cytological analyses." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 7 (2008): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08043.
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Salsola tragus sensu lato (Chenopodiaceae) is found throughout Western Australia and is considered to be a weed in both natural and agricultural ecosystems, although the current taxonomic status of this species is not clear. The taxonomic literature reports morphological variation within Australian populations of the weed, indicating that there may be genetically distinct ecotypes or unidentified subspecies present within the species. A genetic and cytological approach was used to detect variation between 22 populations of S. tragus sensu lato in the south-west of Western Australia. Out-groups used in this study included a population of S. tragus L. from the USA and Maireana brevifolia (R.Br.) Paul G.Wilson (Chenopodiaceae) from Lake Grace. Four genetically distinct groups were identified, which were not closely related to the S. tragus out-group (~60% similarity). Further, these groups and a S. australis R.Br. sample from the USA were all diploid (2n = 18), unlike the tetraploid (2n = 36) S. tragus. The predominant wheatbelt weed, group A, which was previously classified as S. tragus ssp. tragus L., was identified as S. australis. This species is probably native to Australia, given its arrival predated European invasion. Further research is required to clarify the taxonomic status of the other three possible taxa and determine their status in relation to S. australis.
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Yates, Rachel, Leanne Wells, and Kate Carnell. "General Practice Based Multidisciplinary Care Teams in Australia: Still some unanswered questions. A discussion paper from the Australian General Practice Network." Australian Journal of Primary Health 13, no. 2 (2007): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py07018.
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Evidence indicates that general practice-based multidisciplinary teams can offer a means of addressing some of the key issues currently facing Western health systems, especially workforce and chronic disease management. Elements of team-working have been addressed in research and policy initiatives both overseas and in Australia, yet some important aspects of primary health care multidisciplinary team-working still remain unclear in the Australian context. This discussion paper has been developed by the Australian General Practice Network (AGPN) to raise awareness of and promote thought on four questions relating to multidisciplinary team-working that AGPN considers important but that, as yet, have not been fully addressed. (Except where indicated, it is not a position statement about AGPN's views on this matter.) Questions considered are: Who is in the team? What makes a successful team? How should teams be funded in Australia? Who coordinates the team? Each question broadly considers what is already known about the area through purposeful literature reviews of the published and grey literature, current policy impacting on the area, and suggested areas for policy development in the context of Australian general practice and primary care.
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MARSDEN, SIMON. "PROTECTING HERITAGE ON AUSTRALIA'S COASTS: A ROLE FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT?" Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 15, no. 03 (September 2013): 1350014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333213500142.
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This article examines two experiences with strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in Australia, one complete the other in progress. The first applied SEA to a plan for a liquefied natural gas hub precinct on the National Heritage listed Kimberley coast of Western Australia, and the second applies SEA to a coastal management, planning and development framework for the World Heritage listed Great Barrier Reef on the coast of Queensland. Both cases illustrate the approach of the Australian governments to SEA, highlighting the benefits of the approach yet certain flaws in application and process. The research consists of an extensive evaluation of the relevant legislation, its application and reform, together with a thorough literature review. Results highlight concerns in relation to the objective of SEA in Australia, its initiation and timing, consideration of alternatives, and governance. Conclusions are that SEA in Australia will be enhanced if the purpose is more explicitly focused on environmental protection, if SEA is applied early to a reasonable range of alternative sites, and if the Australian Government continues to play an active role in relation to matters of national environmental significance.
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Mollenhauer, Jeanette. "Stepping to the fore: The promotion of Irish dance in Australia." Scene 8, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/scene_00022_1.
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This article contributes to scant literature on Irish dance praxis in Australia by demonstrating how the confluence of global and local factors have permitted Irish dance in Australia to step to the fore. Irish step dance is a globally recognizable genre that has dispersed through, first, the migration of Irish people throughout the world and, more recently, through itinerant theatrical troupes. In Australia, a significant node of the Irish diaspora, Irish step dance has managed to achieve unusual prominence in a dance landscape that has traditionally been dominated by genres from within the Western concert dance canon. Drawing on both extant literature and ethnographic data, this article examines three threads from the narrative of Irish dance in Australia. First, the general choreographic landscape of the nation is described, showing that the preferences of Australian dance audiences have been shaped to privilege styles that are popular onstage and on-screen, with the resulting marginalization of culturally-specific genera. Second, localized effects of the global contagion instigated by the development of the stage show Riverdance are explored. Here, the domains of aesthetics and decisive marketing strategies are discussed, showing how engagement with Australian audiences was achieved. Finally, the article introduces an idiosyncratic localized influence, the children’s musical group The Wiggles, which was conceived independently but which also promoted interest and enthusiasm for Irish dance in Australia by engaging with young children and presenting propriety of Irish dance as available to all, regardless of cultural ancestry.
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Busbridge, Rachel. "A multicultural success story? Australian integration in comparative focus." Journal of Sociology 56, no. 2 (August 15, 2019): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783319869525.
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Australia is often held up as an exemplary multicultural society in cross-national comparisons, particularly in relation to the integration of immigrants. Yet, this ‘grand narrative’ of Australia’s multicultural success risks an over-simplified picture of the dynamics of integration in Australia, obscuring dimensions on which Australia’s performance is comparatively poor. Juliet Pietsch’s Race, Ethnicity and the Participation Gap makes a valuable contribution to a more nuanced discussion, asking why the political participation of non-European ethnic and immigrant minorities in Australia is so low compared to Canada and the United States. This review article brings Pietsch into critical conversation with two recent books on comparative integration in North America and Western Europe: Richard Alba and Nancy Foner’s S trangers No More and Gulay Ugur Goksel’s Integration of Immigrants and the Theory of Recognition. Read alongside each other, these texts encourage deeper reflection on where Australia sits on a variety of indicators of immigrant integration as well as how integration is conceptualised in Australia. This article thus contributes to existing literature on the contemporary state of Australian multiculturalism, while also pointing towards directions for future research.
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Szunejko, Monika. "Literature Classification Schemes at Two West Australian University Libraries: Murdoch University and the University of Western Australia." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 36, no. 2 (March 2003): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j104v36n02_06.
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Fillery, IR, and KJ McInnes. "Components of the fertiliser nitrogen balance for wheat production on duplex soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920887.
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In this paper, we review literature on the fate of fertiliser nitrogen (N) applied to duplex soils in wheat-growing regions of southern Australia, and discuss the contribution of specific N transformations to N loss. Duplex soils are characterised by the presence of soil material, within the rooting depth of crops, that possess hydraulic conductivities that are lower than those of overlying material. Denitrification and the transport of nitrate below rooting depth of crops are thought to be the chief causes of loss of fertiliser N and to contribute to poor grain yields. Ammonia volatilisation could contribute also to N loss. The fate of fertiliser N commonly applied to wheat in southern Australia has largely been evaluated using budgeting procedures using l5N, a stable isotope of N. Results from studies in south-eastem Australia, using red-brown earths, indicate that between 10 and 40% of applied 15N can be lost irrespective of time of application to wheat. Denitrification is believed to be the chief cause of loss of l5N. Similar studies on yellow duplex soils in Western Australia have shown fertiliser N loss to range from 70% to no loss of the l5N applied. The exact cause of N loss in Western Australian studies is unclear. There was circumstantial evidence for ammonia loss from surface-applied urea, and evidence of leaching of nitrates from this and other ammoniumbased fertilisers. The role of denitrification has not been clarified in Western Australian studies. In the majority of studies, recovery of 15N in aboveground biomass exceeded 40% of that applied. In addition, between 17 and 48% of applied 15N, of which 10-15% may be in root material, has been recovered in the soil organic matter pool. The predominance of the denitrification process in south-eastern Australian soils, and the inability to improve the efficiency of utilisation of 15N by delaying the time of application to wheat underscores the importance of controlling the nitrification process using inhibitors. Management options for Western Australian soils are less clear. Some agronomic experiments have demonstrated the advantage of delaying the application of fertiliser N to wheat to improve the efficiency of its utilisation. There is also evidence which suggests that N should be applied early in the growth cycle to promote tiller development and thereby increase the potential for grain yield.
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Copping, Alicia, Jane Shakespeare-Finch, and Douglas Paton. "Towards a Culturally Appropriate Mental Health System: Sudanese-Australians' Experiences with Trauma." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.53.
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AbstractAustralia is fortunate to welcome approximately 13,000 humanitarian entrants per year, most of whom have experienced protracted violence, hardship and life in refugee camps. The majority of humanitarian migrants were raised in cultural contexts very different to that of Australia, contributing to the increasing diversity of this region. With this diversity comes a responsibility to ensure every Australian receives culturally appropriate mental healthcare. Those who are forced into migration have experienced trauma and the stress of acculturation often compounds this trauma. This study investigated the experience of trauma from the perspectives of Sudanese-Australians. Grounded theory methodology was employed to extract themes from interviews with 15 Sudanese-Australians aged between 19 and 49 years. Results demonstrated four overarching themes: support, religion, strength and new possibilities. The data within these themes are compared and contrasted with previous literature that has examined notions of trauma, distress and growth in western populations. Conclusions drawn from these results highlight the need to build inclusive practices that support diversity into existing trauma services in Australia.
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Preston, Alison, and Elisa Birch. "The Western Australian wage structure and gender wage gap: A post-mining boom analysis." Journal of Industrial Relations 60, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 619–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618791589.
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Whilst there is a large literature on the determinant of wages in Australia, relatively few studies have examined the determinants of wages at a state level. In this article, we present a study of the determinants of earnings in Western Australia, a state that experienced rapid growth during the mining boom of 2003–2013. We show that the relatively stronger wage growth in Western Australia since 2001 is the product of both compositional and price effects. We also report on the Western Australia and rest of Australia gender wage gaps. Our decomposition analysis of the mean gender wage gap shows that industry effects (as a result of gender segmentation across industry) account for a much larger share of the Western Australia gender wage gap than they do elsewhere in Australia, with the mining, construction and transport sectors driving the industry effects. Using quantile analysis we show that, relative to the rest of Australia, the Western Australia gender wage gaps are larger at both the bottom and the top of the wage distribution. At the median the Western Australia gender wage gap, at 2014–2016, is on par with that prevailing elsewhere in Australia, with women in both groups earning 10% less than their male counterparts, all else held equal.
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Clayton, Edward H., Tanya L. Hanstock, and Jane F. Watson. "Estimated intakes of meat and fish by children and adolescents in Australia and comparison with recommendations." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 12 (December 5, 2008): 1731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508135887.
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Long-chainn-3 PUFA are considered important for cardiovascular health and brain development. Meat other than fish contributes significantly to total intakes of long-chainn-3 PUFA in adults; however, there are limited published data examining the intake of individual meat sources in children and adolescents in the Australian population. A review of literature was conducted using PubMed, Agricola and CAB Abstracts using the terms ‘intake’, ‘beef’, ‘lamb’, ‘pork’, ‘poultry’, ‘fish’, ‘children’ and ‘adolescents’ and using reference lists in published articles. Studies and surveys were identified that contained published values for intakes of meat or fish. Two national dietary surveys of children and adolescents were conducted in Australia in 1985 and 1995 and two regional surveys were conducted in Western Sydney and Western Australia in 1994 and 2003, respectively. Comprehensive data for the intake of individual meat sources were not reported from the 1995 survey, but estimations of intake were calculated from published values. Reported intakes of meat and fish are generally lower in females than males and tend to increase with age. Weighted mean intakes of red meat (beef plus lamb) across the three most recent studies were 67·3 and 52·2 g/d, respectively, for males and females aged between 7 and 12 years and 87·7 and 54·2 g/d, respectively, for males and females aged 12–18 years. These weighted intakes are within Australian guidelines and are likely to contribute significantly to total long-chainn-3 PUFA intake in children and adolescents in the Australian population.
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Bullen, R. D., and N. L. McKenzie. "Seasonal range variation of Tadarida australis (Chiroptera:Molossidae) in Western Australia: the impact of enthalpy." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 3 (2005): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo04080.
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The Australian bat Tadarida australis has a peculiar geographical niche that involves a continental-scale movement of over 10° of latitude in Western Australia. Its range expands northward by up to 1200 km for the winter and contracts southward for the summer. Its summer range limit correlates with an interaction of temperature and humidity, best summarised by atmospheric enthalpy. Its winter distribution is expanded northward within the enthalpy threshold, but appears to be further restricted in some areas by an unknown factor that may be biotic. We propose a potential competitor and a potential predator that may have strongly negative interactions in these regions. The 1% of records that are beyond the enthalpy envelope are from the change-over months and may be an artefact of year-to-year climatic variation. Three climatic thresholds enclose the enthalpy envelope: average annual rainfall >10 mm per month and <50 mm per month, and average overnight minimum temperature <20°C. Current literature relates migration of temperate-zone bats to resource availability as a consequence of changing season. We identify a tight correlation with atmospheric enthalpy that points to dissipation of flight muscle heat as a limiting factor.
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Ferguson, Chantal, Robert Fletcher, Portia Ho, and Elizabeth MacLeod. "Should Australian states and territories have designated COVID hospitals in low community transmission? Case study for Western Australia." Australian Health Review 44, no. 5 (2020): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20199.
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This case study describes the process of selecting the most appropriate state-wide hospital system to manage COVID-19 cases in a setting of low community transmission of COVID-19 infection. A rapid review of the literature was conducted of the advantages and disadvantages of having designated COVID hospitals. This led to three different options being presented for discussion. Following consultation, the option chosen was for all hospital facilities to remain prepared to care for COVID-19 patients where they present rather than having specified designated hospitals because this was considered the most practical option currently.
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OBERPRIELER, ROLF G., RICHARD T. THOMPSON, and MAGNUS PETERSON. "Darwin’s forgotten weevil." Zootaxa 2675, no. 1 (November 12, 2010): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2675.1.3.
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G. R. Waterhouse (1839) described the first species of weevil from the specimens collected by Charles Darwin in Australia in 1836. Named Belus testaceus, it was subsequently forgotten in all literature on Australian Belidae. Study of the type, as preserved in the Natural History Museum, London, revealed its name to be a senior synonym of Belus linearis Pascoe, 1870 (syn. n.). Known from only another six specimens taken about a century ago at the same locality, King George Sound (present-day Albany) in Western Australia, plus another four of uncertain origin, this species, now in the genus Stenobelus Zimmerman, appears to be restricted to the southern tip of Western Australia but of unknown current distribution, if it is indeed still extant. The only other species of the genus, S. tibialis (Blackburn), has a wider but highly fragmented distribution across Australia, apparently being common only in the acid swamplands (wallum) of south-eastern Queensland. The larval hostplants of both species are unknown. Diagnoses are provided for the genus Stenobelus as well as for its two species, and the holotypes of all applicable names are illustrated, together with the diagnostic features of the genus. Six species recently transferred to Stenobelus from Rhinotia by Legalov (2009) are again excluded from this genus, and the name of the subgenus Germaribelus Legalov, 2009 is placed in synonymy with Rhinotia Kirby, 1819 (syn. n.).
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Newsome, Thomas M. "Makings of Icons: Alan Newsome, the Red Kangaroo and the Dingo." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14013.
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The red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and the dingo (Canis dingo) are two of Australia's iconic mammals. Both are ingrained in the national psyche and well known internationally. For the red kangaroo, recognition has come despite the fact that the highest densities of the species occur well away from most of the human population. The dingo has achieved its status despite being present on the continent for perhaps as little as 3,000 years. This article considers the question of how, and why, these two animals became so elevated in the popular imagination and the scientific literature. It is a story of both the integers and consequences of scientific research, a story best told with a particular focus on the contribution made by one individual. Alan Newsome changed our understanding of the interactions between agriculture, introduced species and native wildlife, and was one of the first to understand the possibilities of enriching western science with Indigenous knowledge. He was a pioneer in explaining—particularly by reference to the red kangaroo in central Australia—the remarkable story of how Australian wildlife has adapted to survive some of the harshest conditions on the planet. His work across the landscape of the arid zone has had profound implications for management and conservation in Australia. This, then, is the story of three icons: the red kangaroo, the dingo and Alan Newsome.
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Sharrock, Peta, and Helen Lockyer. "One to One and Face to Face: A Community Based Higher Education Support Strategy Retaining Indigenous Australian University Students." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 37, no. 1 (2008): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100016069.
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AbstractLiterature relating to Indigenous Australian students in higher education highlights the need for improving the retention rates of Indigenous students in Australian universities. A cause for concern has been the increasing numbers of Indigenous Australian people experiencing lower progress and completion rates in comparison to non-Indigenous students. The literature suggests that flexible course delivery is a strategy for improving retention rates and participation. This research extends knowledge relating to the effectiveness of providing courses in flexible delivery mode as a retention strategy in Indigenous higher education. It investigates the “reverse block visit” component of a flexi-mode course delivered by the Centre for Aboriginal Studies at Curtin University of Technology in Perth, Western Australia. Initial findings suggest that this community based support strategy may be impacting positively on risk factors contributing to students withdrawing from their studies. Further research is required to explore the validity of this initial data and how the “reverse block visit” from Centre staff may be working to help students to decide to continue studying.
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Affeldt, Stefanie. "The Burden of ‘White’ Sugar: Producing and Consuming Whiteness in Australia." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0020.
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Abstract This article investigates the history of the Queensland cane sugar industry and its cultural and political relations. It explores the way the sugar industry was transformed from an enterprise drawing on the traditional plantation crop cultivated by an unfree labour force and employing workers into an industry that was an important, symbolical element of ‘White Australia’ that was firmly grounded in the cultural, political, nationalist, and racist reasoning of the day. The demographic and social changes drew their incitement and legitimation from the ‘White Australia’ culture that was represented in all social strata. Australia was geographically remote but culturally close to the mother country and was assigned a special position as a lone outpost of Western culture. This was aggravated by scenarios of allegedly imminent invasions by the surrounding Asian powers, which further urged cane sugar’s transformation from a ‘black’ to a ‘white man’s industry’. As a result, during the sugar strikes of the early 20th century, the white Australian sugar workers were able to emphasize their ‘whiteness’ to press for improvements in wages and working conditions. Despite being a matter of constant discussion, the public acceptance of the ‘white sugar campaign’ was reflected by the high consumption of sugar. Moreover, the industry was lauded for its global uniqueness and its significance to the Australian nation. Eventually, the ‘burden’ of ‘white sugar’ was a monetary, but even more so moral support of an industry that was supposed to provide a solution to population politics, support the national defence, and symbolize the technological advancement and durability of the ‘white race’ in a time of crisis.
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Williams, JB, PC Withers, SD Bradshaw, and KA Nagy. "Metabolism and Water Flux of Captive and Free-Living Australian Parrots." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 2 (1991): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910131.
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Occupation of desert environments often requires evolutionary specialisations that minimise food and water requirements. One physiological adjustment to living in a hot, dry climate that has been found in several laboratory studies of birds is a reduced basal metabolic rate (BMR), which often translates into a diminished rate of evaporative water loss (EWL). In free-living birds, these physiological traits are thought to result in a lower field metabolic rate and water flux. We studied metabolism and water flux of a number of species of Australian parrots, both in the laboratory and in the field. After combining our laboratory data with values from the literature, we performed allometric analyses to search for evolutionary specialisation in metabolism and water flux in desert-adapted parrots. Our data do not support the idea that parrots living in arid environments have a reduced BMR. Field metabolic rates of parrots from western Australia were indistinguishable from those of other nonpasserine birds. Laboratory EWL was significantly lower for parrots living in desert environments than for those occupying more mesic habitats, and often lower than that expected from body size. Some species of parrots that live in desert regions of Australia have evolved mechanisms that reduce EWL, but this does not involve a reduction in BMR. In the field, parrots living in Western Australia had a lower water influx than predicted for nonpasserines, but this did not approach the value often found in other desert-adapted species. Values for the water economy index (water flux in free-living animals relative to their energy metabolism) were among the lowest that have been reported for desert-adapted birds.
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Vicary, David, Mike Clare, Judy Tennant, and Tine Hoult. "With us, not to us Towards policy and program development in partnership with children." Children Australia 34, no. 3 (2009): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200000729.
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Internationally, there is a growing trend for children and young people to participate in decisions affecting their lives (Bellamy 2002; Hart 1997). The active participation of children and young people is clearly articulated in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). However, despite the international movement towards children's participation, there are precious few opportunities for Australian children and young people to contribute to policy and research debate in a sustainable manner. A review of the literature demonstrates that there are few ongoing research or policy advisory groups made up of children and young people, and those that are operational are generally auspiced by Children's Commissioners (e.g. New South Wales) and policy offices addressing the issues of children and young people.In Western Australia, when children and young people are consulted, the dialogues tend to be short-term and issue-specific in nature. This paper will briefly discuss a number of techniques employed to engage Western Australian children and young people in dialogues about important issues affecting their lives. Using these examples, the barriers that challenge efficacious children's and young people's participation are discussed; finally, some suggested ways forward are delineated.
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ELLIS, RYAN J., HINRICH KAISER, SIMON T. MADDOCK, PAUL DOUGHTY, and WOLFGANG WÜSTER. "An evaluation of the nomina for death adders (Acanthophis Daudin, 1803) proposed by Wells & Wellington (1985), and confirmation of A. cryptamydros Maddock et al., 2015 as the valid name for the Kimberley death adder." Zootaxa 4995, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4995.1.9.
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We assess the availability of four names proposed by Wells & Wellington (1985) for Australian death adders (Acanthophis). In agreement with previous literature, A. hawkei is an available name, whereas A. armstrongi, A. lancasteri, and A. schistos are not described in conformity with the requirements of Articles 13.1.1 or 13.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and are therefore considered nomina nuda. Consequently, A. cryptamydros Maddock et al., 2015, is confirmed as the valid name for the Kimberley death adder of Western Australia. We comment on the need for greater clarity in the Code, and emphasise that the responsibility for establishing the availability of new nomina rests with their authors, not subsequent researchers.
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Hendrie, Delia, Sonja E. Hall, Gina Arena, and Matthew Legge. "Health system costs of falls of older adults in Western Australia." Australian Health Review 28, no. 3 (2004): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040363.
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The aim of this study was to determine the health system costs associated with falls in older adults who had attended an emergency department (ED) in Western Australia. The data relating to the ED presentations and hospital admissions were obtained from population-based hospital administrative records for 2001?2002. The type of other health services (eg, outpatient, medical, community, ancillary and residential care), the quantity, and their cost were estimated from the literature. In adults aged 65 years and above, there were 18 706 ED presentations and 6222 hospital admissions for fall-related injuries. The estimated cost of falls to the health system was $86.4 million, with more than half of this attributable to hospital inpatient treatment. Assuming the current rate of falls remains constant for each age group and gender, the projected health system costs of falls in older adults will increase to $181 million in 2021 (expressed in 2001?02 Australian dollars). The economic burden to the health services imposed by falls in older adults is substantial, and a long-term strategic approach to falls prevention needs to be adopted. Policy in this area should be targeted at both reducing the current rate of falls through preventing injury in people from high-risk groups and reducing the future rate of falls through reducing population risk.
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Clare, Mike, Becky Anderson, Murielle Bodenham, and Brenda Clare. "Leaving Care and at Risk of Homelessness: The Lift Project." Children Australia 42, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2017.2.
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The paper reflects on developments in leaving care policy and practice in Western Australia (WA) and nationally from the mid-1990s. The review of national and some international literature suggests that current Australian policy and practice shows a ‘systems stuckness’ that requires a more potent form of annual auditing and reporting of jurisdictional leaving care outcomes. The review of mostly Australian publications focusing on leaving care and the risk of homelessness includes reflections on recent developments in leaving care services in England, which recognise and restore relationship-based services for care leavers. Finally, the history, vision and initial impact of the Living Independently for the First Time (LIFT) Project, a case study of learning by doing, is outlined. The authors and their colleagues from the Department for Child Protection and Family Support (Midland District), Swan Emergency Accommodation (now known as Indigo Junction) and the Housing Authority of WA have collaborated to design and develop the LIFT Project. This initially unfunded action-research strategy involves inter-agency policy and practice designed to prevent homelessness of vulnerable care leavers.
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Robertson, Francesca, David Coall, Dan McAullay, and Alison Nannup. "Intergenerational influences of hunger and community violence on the Aboriginal people of Western Australia: A review." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 12, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v12i1.1183.
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There is a consensus in the literature that hunger and community violence inaugurates adverse health impacts for survivors and for their descendants. The studied cohorts do not include Western Australian Aboriginal people, although many experienced violence and famine conditions as late as the 1970s. This article describes the pathways and intergenerational impacts of studied cohorts and applies these to the contemporary Western Australian context. The authors found that the intergenerational impacts, compounded by linguistic trauma, may be a contributor to current health issues experienced by Aboriginal people, but these are also contributing to the resurgence in population numbers.
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Gilmour, James, Conrad W. Speed, and Russ Babcock. "Coral reproduction in Western Australia." PeerJ 4 (May 18, 2016): e2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2010.
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Larval production and recruitment underpin the maintenance of coral populations, but these early life history stages are vulnerable to extreme variation in physical conditions. Environmental managers aim to minimise human impacts during significant periods of larval production and recruitment on reefs, but doing so requires knowledge of the modes and timing of coral reproduction. Most corals are hermaphroditic or gonochoric, with a brooding or broadcast spawning mode of reproduction. Brooding corals are a significant component of some reefs and produce larvae over consecutive months. Broadcast spawning corals are more common and display considerable variation in their patterns of spawning among reefs. Highly synchronous spawning can occur on reefs around Australia, particularly on the Great Barrier Reef. On Australia’s remote north-west coast there have been fewer studies of coral reproduction. The recent industrial expansion into these regions has facilitated research, but the associated data are often contained within confidential reports. Here we combine information in this grey-literature with that available publicly to update our knowledge of coral reproduction in WA, for tens of thousands of corals and hundreds of species from over a dozen reefs spanning 20° of latitude. We identified broad patterns in coral reproduction, but more detailed insights were hindered by biased sampling; most studies focused on species ofAcroporasampled over a few months at several reefs. Within the existing data, there was a latitudinal gradient in spawning activity among seasons, with mass spawning during autumn occurring on all reefs (but the temperate south-west). Participation in a smaller, multi-specific spawning during spring decreased from approximately one quarter of corals on the Kimberley Oceanic reefs to little participation at Ningaloo. Within these seasons, spawning was concentrated in March and/or April, and October and/or November, depending on the timing of the full moon. The timing of the full moon determined whether spawning was split over two months, which was common on tropical reefs. There were few data available for non-Acroporacorals, which may have different patterns of reproduction. For example, the massivePoritesseemed to spawn through spring to autumn on Kimberley Oceanic reefs and during summer in the Pilbara region, where other common corals (e.g.Turbinaria&Pavona) also displayed different patterns of reproduction to theAcropora. The brooding corals (Isopora&Seriatopora) on Kimberley Oceanic reefs appeared to planulate during many months, possibly with peaks from spring to autumn; a similar pattern is likely on other WA reefs. Gaps in knowledge were also due to the difficulty in identifying species and issues with methodology. We briefly discuss some of these issues and suggest an approach to quantifying variation in reproductive output throughout a year.
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Fulton, Graham R. "Discovery of Australia’s Fishes: A History of Australian Ichthyology to 1930." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 1 (2014): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140126.
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BRIAN Saunders is a retired ophthalmologist with a lifetime interest in marine biology and the history of ichthyology. He has previously published Shores and Shallows of Coffin Bay: An Identification Guide, in 2009, revised in 2012. That work, in its revised edition, contains extensive figures and supplementary information on other ecological parameters such as fish parasites and the habitat of the Coffin Bay area. The current work is a much greater labour, which relies on a significant knowledge of the Australian fish fauna and extensive research of the scientific and historical literature. This volume is about the discovery of Australia’s fishes (to 1930) following the main systematic and taxonomic research in Australia with the inclusion of the pertinent discoveries from further afield in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. It treats only lightly the ichthyologic and Aboriginal lore, which is outside the intent and scope of the book.
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Iner, Derya. "Faith-Inspired Muslim Parents’ School Choices and Attitudes in the Cultural West and Australia." Religions 12, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090746.
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All parents want the best accessible, available and affordable school for their children. Yet, the literature highlights that school choice for middle-class parents in the cultural West is a deliberate decision and a reflection of their salient identities. For racialised middle-class Western parents, school choice is an instrumental investment to secure social upward mobility and minimise the harms of racism for their children. Research focusing on Western middle-class Muslim parents highlights that accommodation of Muslim identities and ethno-religious values is pivotal in parental school choice. This is expected due to the rise of Islamophobia in the cultural West since 9/11. The semi-structured interviews with faith-inspired middle-class Muslim parents in Australia bring a new dimension to the parental school choice literature. Regardless of carrying more or less similar concerns for their children in an Islamophobic climate, middle-class Muslim parents’ school choices vary based on their childhood schooling experiences in the Australian context, diverse parenting styles and mentalities and their children’s varying personalities demanding a particular type of school setting. This article demonstrates there is no one size fits all Muslim parent in terms of deciding which school is the best for their children in an Islamophobic climate.
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Wallace, John, and Bob Pease. "Neoliberalism and Australian social work: Accommodation or resistance?" Journal of Social Work 11, no. 2 (April 2011): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017310387318.
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• Summary: Since the mid-1970s the Australian welfare state has faced a continuing crisis of resourcing and legitimation. Social work as a central entity within the welfare state has been challenged in terms of to its value base and relevance. As with much of the Western world, this challenge has been heightened with the rise of neoliberalism, which has pervaded most aspects of Australian society. Neoliberalism has consequently had a profound effect upon Australian social workers. The challenges to the Australian welfare state and social work are from without and within, by neoliberal ideas and its practices. • Findings: While neoliberalism’s relationship to social work as a broad theme is explored in the literature, the complexity of marketization and inclusive aspects have not been considered in any detail in relation to social work. The evidence in the Australian context is even slimmer, and as a consequence the particularity of the Australian welfare state and its relationship to neoliberalism, and the consequences for Australian social work, remains largely untested. Furthermore, while there are some indications of the day to day impact on social work in the context of a post-welfare state regime, little work has been conducted on the capacity of neoliberalism to infiltrate social work through its new institutions of the social and thus become embedded in social work. • Application: This article lays the foundations for a research project to examine the extent to which neoliberalism has become embedded in Australian social work and how social workers and social work educators are responding to these hegemonic influences. What are the ways in which social workers have become complicit in neoliberalism? Is Australian social work part of the neoliberal project to the point where neoliberalism has become part of its understandings and everyday activity? It is hoped that through this research, a more sophisticated understanding of the impact of neoliberalism on social work will contribute to the revitalization of critical social work in Australia and forms of resistance to the neoliberal project.
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Hill, Robert S. "Fossil evidence for the onset of xeromorphy and scleromorphy in Australian Proteaceae." Australian Systematic Botany 11, no. 4 (1998): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97016.
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The morphological response of leaves to low nutrient levels and low phosphorus (scleromorphy) in particular, has become confused in the literature with the response to low water levels (xeromorphy). However, the two can be reconciled to some degree, particularly when it becomes clear that the earliest Proteaceae in the fossil record are scleromorphic, but occurred in very wet climates, where excessive water on the leaf surface was probably a major problem. Unequivocal xeromorphic characters are interpreted as those that increase the boundary layer and thus reduce water loss per unit of leaf surface area without improving water repellancy from the surface. The clearest characters in this regard are the presence of stomata in pits, stomata individually enclosed by raised structures or revolute leaf margins. None of these characters appears prior to the Late Eocene in south-western Australia and the Oligocene in south-eastern Australia, suggesting that xeromorphy arose relatively late, at least in the areas wherefossil deposits occur. A dense covering of trichomes, often interpreted as a xeromorphic response, is here considered to have had the primary function of keeping water off the leaf surface, although it may have been exapted to a xeromorphic function when dry conditions arose. Thus scleromorphy and xeromorphy appear to have arisen at distinctly different times in Australian Proteaceae, with the latter not being a convincingly pre–Late Eocene phenomenon.
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Lillee, Alyssa, Aesen Thambiran, and Jonathan Laugharne. "Evaluating the mental health of recently arrived refugee adults in Western Australia." Journal of Public Mental Health 14, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-05-2013-0033.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the levels of psychological distress in adults entering Western Australia (WA) as refugees through the Australian Humanitarian Programme. To determine if the introduction of mental health screening instruments impacts on the level of referrals for further psychological/psychiatric assessment and treatment. Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 300 consecutive consenting refugee adults attending the Humanitarian Entrant Health Service in Perth, WA. This service is government funded for the general health screening of refugees. The Kessler-10 (K10) and the World Health Organisation’s post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screener were the principal outcome measures used. Findings – Refugees had a high rate of current probable PTSD (17.2 per cent) as measured with the PTSD screener and mean K10 scores were significantly higher than general population norms. The K10 showed high accuracy for discriminating those with or without probable PTSD. Being married and having more children increased the risk of probable PTSD. In regard to region of origin, refugees from Western and Southern Asia had significantly higher scores on both screeners followed by those from Africa with those from South-Eastern Asia having the lowest scores. Referral rate for psychiatric/psychological treatment was 18 per cent compared to 4.2 per cent in the year prior to the study. Practical implications – This study demonstrates increased psychological distress including a high rate of probable PTSD in a recently arrived multi-ethnic refugee population and also demonstrates significant variations based on region of origin. In addition, it supports the feasibility of using brief screening instruments to improve identification and referral of refugees with significant psychological distress in the context of a comprehensive general medical review. Originality/value – This was an Australian study conducted in a non-psychiatric setting. The outcomes of this study pertain to refugee mental health assessed in a general health setting. The implications of the study findings are of far reaching relevance, inclusive of primary care doctors and general physicians as well as mental health clinicians. In particular the authors note that the findings of this study are to the authors’ knowledge unique in the refugee mental health literature as the participants are recently arrived refugees from diverse ethnic groups.
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Bat, Melodie, and John Guenther. "Red Dirt Thinking on Education: A People-Based System." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 42, no. 2 (December 2013): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2013.20.
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In Australia, the ‘remote education system’ presents itself as a simple system where the right inputs, such as quality teachers and leaders will engender the outputs that have been set by the system, such as certain levels of English literacy and numeracy. The system has measures in place, including national testing, to report on its success. For the most part, this system seems to be working quite well. However, this modelling breaks down when the education system of remote Australia is presented. This remote system is presented in much of the literature and in the press, as disadvantaged, under-resourced and underperforming. Reported results indicate that current activities are not bringing the desired outcomes. The so-called mainstream system makes adjustments using its model of input to output, but without success. There is a clear need for change. Just what this change might look like is the focus of this article. Theorising in this space is considered from two positions; the first being the published work of a number of Indigenous Australian educators and leaders writing in this space; the second, a consideration of western theorising using complex adaptive systems. Throughout the article, a metaphor of ‘red dirt thinking’ is applied as a mechanism to ground the thinking in the lives and lands of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of remote Australia.
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Parker, Albert. "Minimum 60 years of recording are needed to compute the sea level rate of rise in the Western South Pacific." Nonlinear Engineering 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2013-0011.
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Abstract Sea levels generally oscillate with multi-decadal periodicities worldwide with up to the quasi-60 years detected in many tide gauges. Nevertheless, the most part of the literature on sea levels computes apparent rates of rise of sea levels much larger than the legitimate by using short time windows in selected locations only covering part of a valley-to-peak of this multi-decadal oscillation. It is shown in this paper that along the Pacific coast of Australia the sea levels oscillate with a frequency close to the Southern Ocean Index (SOI) oscillation of 19 years and a lower frequency of about 60 years. The rates of rise of sea levels computed by linear fitting of the data recorded since the early 1990s in selected locations of the Australian Pacific coastline and in the tropical Pacific islands are from a valley of the peak and valley oscillations and are much higher than the legitimate long term values.
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Johnson, MS, DR Hebbert, and MJ Moran. "Genetic analysis of populations of north-western Australian fish species." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 5 (1993): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930673.
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Allozyme variation was used to investigate the genetic structure of Lutjanus sebae, Lethrinus nebulosus, Lethrinus choerorynchus, and Epinephelus multinotatus, which are components of a multispecies fishery off north-western Australia. Samples of each species were obtained from five or six localities, over a total distance of 1400-2080 km. Allelic variation was found at 13-16 loci in each species. The consistent picture to emerge was one of little genetic subdivision in all four species, with average values of FST ranging from 0.003 in L. sebae to 0.012 in E. multinotatus. Although there was statistically significant variation in allelic frequencies in three of the species, there were no clear geographical groupings of populations. With the possible exception of clinal variation for aldehyde oxidase in E. multinotatus, all heterogeneity of allelic frequencies was within the range that could easily be due to within-generation effects of selection. Thus, the allozyme data are consistent with the view that there are extensive connections of populations over large distances. The electrophoretic study also confirmed that, contrary to suggestions in the literature, L. nebulosus, L. choerorynchus, and Lethrinus laticaudis are reproductively isolated species.
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Altaf, Nishath, Thathya V. Ariyaratne, Adrian Peacock, Irene Deltetto, Jad El-Hoss, Shannon Thomas, Colman Taylor, and Patrice Mwipatayi. "PP339 A Budget Impact Model Of The EluviaTM Drug-Eluting Stent from The Australian Public Hospital And National Payer Perspective." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, S1 (December 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320001609.
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IntroductionImproving long-term outcomes like target lesions revascularizations (TLRs) is a focus for endovascular interventions aimed at treating symptomatic lower-limb peripheral arterial disease (PAD). EluviaTM, a paclitaxel-eluting drug-eluting stent (DES) was shown to further reduce TLRs when compared with the paclitaxel-coated Zilver® PTX® stent in the IMPERIAL trial, a global, randomized controlled study. This budget-impact evaluation investigated cost-savings from Eluvia-use when compared with Zilver PTX, relying on the 12- to 24-month outcomes from the IMPERIAL trial.MethodsA budget-impact model comparing Eluvia and Zilver PTX was developed from the Australian public healthcare payer, and an individual hospital perspective, with a 5-year time-horizon. Observed trial results were applied to each year's incident population and associated costs, and no extrapolation was conducted. The analysis used publicly available Australian national hospital cost data, population estimates, procedural statistics, epidemiological literature, and data from public hospital audits to verify eligible population for endovascular procedures (EVP) including DES. All costs were captured in Australian dollars (AUD), where AUD 1 = USD 0.69 (June 2020).ResultsAssuming 80-percent EVP eligibility, and a DES-use range of 10–28 percent, the 5-year model estimated potential national savings of AUD 4.3–12.1 million (M) [USD 3–8.3M] to the public healthcare payer, driven by reduced TLRs from Eluvia-use compared with Zilver-PTX. The model projected potential national savings of AUD 33.1–92.6M (USD 22.8–63.9M) to individual hospitals through reduced hospital bed days for adverse events (AE). The model forecasted 14,428–40,399 treated patients; 1,499–4,198 fewer TLRs; and 16,515–46,243 fewer hospital days for AE. At a state level, projected hospital savings were: New South Wales AUD 10.9–30.7M [USD 7.5–21.1M]; Victoria AUD 8.4–23.4M [USD 5.8–16.1M]; Queensland AUD 6.5–18.3M [USD 4.5–12.6M]; Western Australia AUD 3.4–9.5M [USD 2.3–6.5M]; South Australia AUD 2.3–6.4M [USD 1.6–4.4M].ConclusionsTreatment of symptomatic lower-limb PAD with the Eluvia DES could lead to potential savings for the Australian healthcare system, at the national, state, and the local hospital level, based on improved patient outcomes.
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Coyle, Meaghan, Mohammad A. Al-Motlaq, Jane Mills, Karen Francis, and Melanie Birks. "An integrative review of the role of registered nurses in remote and isolated practice." Australian Health Review 34, no. 2 (2010): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09743.
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Objective.To examine the role of the registered nurse in remote and isolated areas of Queensland, the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia; and to illustrate the impact of the burden of disease on nursing practice. Data sources.A literature search was undertaken using electronic databases and the grey literature (including policy documents, project reports and position descriptions). Data synthesis.The role of the nurse in remote areas is diverse, and varies according to the context of practice. Although some states and territories offer formal programs to prepare nurses for the role, it is unclear whether this is routinely provided. The burden of disease is higher in remote Australia, and although nurses work to reduce the burden, the need to provide primary care can be at the expense of primary health care. Conclusions.Whilst the nature of nursing practice is influenced by many factors, considerable agreement exists between states and territories around the role of the registered nurses in remote and isolated communities. The higher burden of disease in remote and isolated areas of Australia impacts on nursing practice, and nurses are uniquely placed to assist in reducing the burden of disease. Greater agreement around what constitutes ‘remote’ is needed. What is known about the topic?Many papers have reported on the difficulties encountered by registered nurses in remote and isolated practice; however, there is a dearth of information describing the role of registered nurses in remote or isolated Australian communities. What does this paper add?This review describes the diverse role of nurses and their role in addressing the burden of disease in remote and isolated Australia. Comparison between states and territories highlights differences in preparation for the role. What are the implications for practitioners?National agreement is needed around preparation for practice, conditions of work, and what constitutes ‘remote’. Greater utilisation of the nursing workforce in remote and isolated areas would assist in addressing the burden of disease.
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Nicholls, Christine. "A Wild Roguery: Bruce Chatwin’s "The Songlines" Reconsidered." Text Matters, no. 9 (November 4, 2019): 22–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.09.02.
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This article revisits, analyzes and critiques Bruce Chatwin’s 1987 bestseller, The Songlines, more than three decades after its publication. In Songlines, the book primarily responsible for his posthumous celebrity, Chatwin set out to explore the essence of Central and Western Desert Aboriginal Australians’ philosophical beliefs. For many readers globally, Songlines is regarded as a—if not the—definitive entry into the epistemological basis, religion, cosmology and lifeways of classical Western and Central Desert Aboriginal people. It is argued that Chatwin’s fuzzy, ill-defined use of the word-concept “songlines” has had the effect of generating more heat than light. Chatwin’s failure to recognize the economic imperative underpinning Australian desert people’s walking praxis is problematic: his own treks through foreign lands were underpropped by socioeconomic privilege. Chatwin’s ethnocentric idée fixe regarding the primacy of “walking” and “nomadism,” central to his Songlines thématique, well and truly preceded his visits to Central Australia. Walking, proclaimed Chatwin, is an elemental part of “Man’s” innate nature. It is argued that this unwavering, preconceived, essentialist belief was a self-serving construal justifying Chatwin’s own “nomadic” adventures of identity. Is it thus reasonable to regard Chatwin as a “rogue author,” an unreliable narrator? And if so, does this matter? Of greatest concern is the book’s continuing majority acceptance as a measured, accurate account of Aboriginal belief systems. With respect to Aboriginal desert people and the barely disguised individuals depicted in Songlines, is Chatwin’s book a “rogue text,” constituting an act of epistemic violence, consistent with Spivak’s usage of that term?
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Adusei-Asante, Kwadwo, Elaine Bennett, Wendy Simpson, Sharlene Hindmarsh, Beth Harvey, and Cherilyn McMeekin. "Evaluating our evaluability: Lessons from Ngala, Western Australia." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 20, no. 4 (November 9, 2020): 212–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x20971854.
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Evaluability assessment focuses on the readiness of organisations to carry out evaluations. Scholars argue that evaluability assessment needs to focus on internal evaluation systems and tools and their capability to measure programmes and services reliably and credibly. Even so, literature on best practice guidelines on evaluability assessment within the context of the not-for-profit sector appears to be rare. We seek to begin to fill this gap by presenting lessons learned from Ngala, Western Australia, when we reviewed the organisation’s evaluation practice and culture in 2018/2019. The Service Model and Outcomes Measurement Audit project assessed the extent to which service models within Ngala aligned with the organisation’s standardised service model and individual service contracts, as well as consistency of outcomes, data collection and reporting practices. Insights obtained from the project and their implications for evaluability assessment practice are discussed.
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Poniman, Delma, Sharon Purchase, and Joanne Sneddon. "Traceability systems in the Western Australia halal food supply chain." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 27, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 324–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-05-2014-0082.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the emergence and implementation of traceability systems in the Western Australian (WA) Halal food industry. In particular, to understand how individuals in facilitating organizations perceive the Halal idea logic and the benefits that a traceability system can provide to the Halal food processing industry. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical qualitative approach was employed to examine these issues utilizing in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was carried out using Leximancer software. Findings – Findings suggest that individual’s perception of Halal idea logic is aligned to the roles they perform. These perceptions were impacted by the specific objectives or business interests of each organization. Facilitating organizations also perceive that traceability systems are a strategic tool in the Halal food processing industry. Practical implications – The research provides insights into how to improve existing understanding of the Halal idea logic within Halal food business networks and the benefits of implementing traceability systems in Halal food production. Joint activity between firms creates a network effect, where the value created is greater than that which the firms alone can create. Originality/value – Though traceability systems have become increasingly popular in the food industry, little research has been undertaken to understand how individuals in facilitating organizations perceive these systems, particularly in the growing Halal food industry. Hence, the study contributes to the literature of traceability studies and the area of change and process adaptation in business relationships in the context of halal food production.
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Hancock, Peter. "Recent African Refugees to Australia: Analysis of Current Refugee Services, a Case Study from Western Australia." International Journal of Psychological Studies 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v1n2p10.
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In the last decade the number of African refugees arriving in Australia has increased significantly, to the extent to which by 2008 they outnumbered all other refugee and humanitarian entrants to Australia (for example, in 2004-2005 75% of all refugee and humanitarian entrants to Australia were from Africa). Existing service provision models have been found to be ill-equipped to cope with this sudden influx and have struggled to cope with the unique needs of African refugees (trauma, cultural needs, racism and longer settlement adjustment periods – compared to other groups) in particular. This paper is based on a data-base and literature analysis of the numbers, issues and problems faced by refugees in Western Australia. Its major aim is to provide researchers and policy-makers with a resource base from which they can further their understandings of the plight of refugees in developing nations. As such much of the paper is based on analysis of a large amount of literature and data from government agencies, designed to provide an exhaustive overview of refugees, their experiences and gaps in service provision in Western Australia.
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Mukai, H. "Biogeography of the tropical seagrasses in the western Pacific." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 1 (1993): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930001.
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Seagrass species and their distributions were recorded from 18 localities in the tropical and subtropical Pacific. These field observations were collated with a review of the recent literature, enabling the present distribution patterns of seagrass species in the western Pacific to be described and the origin of those species to be discussed in relation to the major oceanic currents of the region. The major tropical seagrasses of the western Pacific are Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Halodule uninervis, Syringodium isoetifolium and Thalassodendron ciliatum, with T. hemprichii and E. acoroides being the two most widely distributed species. Species are found in coastal waters along the Equatorial Countercurrent and the Kuroshio and East Australian Currents. The highest number of seagrass species occurs in the coastal waters of Malesia enclosed by Indonesia, Borneo, Papua New Guinea and the Torres Strait (northern Australia). This area is considered to be the source of all of the seagrass species of the western Pacific, i.e. the centre of their origin. A relationship between the distance from this centre of origin along the above three major ocean currents and the diversity of seagrass species was found: the further from the origin, the poorer the seagrass diversity. These observations support the centre-of-origin theory that was first proposed by den Hartog to describe the processes responsible for the present distribution patterns of seagrasses in the western Pacific.
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TAKEUCHI, ICHIRO, and JAMES K. LOWRY. "Description of Metaprotella haswelliana (Mayer, 1882) (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) from Western Australia with designation of a neotype." Zootaxa 1466, no. 1 (May 7, 2007): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1466.1.2.
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Metaprotella haswelliana (Mayer, 1882), the type species of Metaprotella, was originally described from Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia and was reported from there in literature published between 1882 and 2003. However, the type specimens are lost and no further specimens could be found in recent surveys in New South Wales waters. The only current records are from Albany, Western Australia and from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. Based on the materials from Western Australia, the poorly known type species, Metaprotella haswelliana is redescribed, a neotype is assigned, and the genus Metaprotella Mayer, 1890 is redefined.
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Cocks, P. S. "Ecology of herbaceous perennial legumes: a review of characteristics that may provide management options for the control of salinity and waterlogging in dryland cropping systems." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99170.
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Salinity is a widespread problem caused by an imbalance between rainfall and transpiration in the dryland cropping systems of southern Australia. The need to use more perennials has been identified and this paper examines the possibility of replacing annual with perennial pasture legumes and the germplasm available to do so. While lucerne is already used widely in eastern Australia it has only recently been adopted in the wheat belt of Western Australia. There are doubts about its adaptation to acid soils and to climates where summer rainfall is low and ambient temperatures are high. There is also a need to diversify the species available to reduce the likelihood of invasion by exotic diseases and insects. Several genera are likely to be of value in this respect, although few will be as widely adapted as lucerne. Perennial legumes are found in environments ranging from alpine to desert. Targeted collections of genera from the dry areas, especially where soils are acid, are likely to yield species of value. These may include perennial species of Astragalus, Hedysarum, Lotus, Onobrychis, Psoralea, and Trifolium. Some Australian genera, for example Swainsona, Glycine, and Cullen may also be of value. Most of these genera are from alkaline soils, and the need to cope with acid soils that are often high in free aluminium is seen to limit their use in southern Australia. However, since virtually nothing is known of the ecology and ecophysiology of species from the dry areas, it is possible that through selection and the use of adapted rhizobia, some at least may be of value in Australian conditions. Cropping in rotation with perennial legumes is likely to involve several changes in farming systems. It is impossible to predict their nature but it is essential that we understand what these changes are before the species are widely introduced. Account must also be taken of their ability to use water. It is entirely possible that perennials from dry areas are dormant in summer despite the fact that there is no evidence in the literature to this effect. It was concluded that although lucerne is suitable for phase farming, alternatives to lucerne are needed. They will have to match the water-using and nitrogen-fixing capacities of lucerne, and farming systems will be required that make full use of the new germplasm. Collaboration with institutions in the Mediterranean basin and elsewhere is needed and a beginning has been made in this direction.
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Cheah, Isaac, and Ian Phau. "Effects of “owned by” versus “made in” for willingness to buy Australian brands." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 33, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 444–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-01-2014-0016.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of economic nationalism and consumer ethnocentrism in the form of country of origin (COO) cues specifically “Made in […]” and “Owned by […]” on the product judgement of bi-national wine brands (brands with multiple country affiliations). Further, the role of consumer product knowledge is examined as a moderator of these xenophobia attitudes. Design/methodology/approach – A self-administered questionnaire was designed using established scales. A convenience sample was drawn from participants attending a major wine trade exhibition in Western Australia and university students. A variety of statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. Findings – High levels of economic nationalism and anti-foreign sentiment was so strong that respondents did not want products that had any association with a foreign country, regardless of whether the products are directly or indirectly related to a foreign origin. This suggests that Australian consumers are not any more receptive to bi-national brands; as such domestic affiliations have not diluted the economic nationalistic sentiment. Further, results confirm that Australian consumers use COO cues as part of wine evaluations. Consumers with low product knowledge are likely to rely on extrinsic country cues to reinforce their brand evaluation, whereas consumers who are more knowledgeable are found to base evaluations on intrinsic attributes rather than extrinsic cues. Research limitations/implications – Only respondents from Perth, Western Australia were chosen, thus limiting the representativeness of the sample. Other cultural contexts and product categories based on a larger sample size should be investigated in the future. Practical implications – This research provides useful consumer insights and new market entry implications in terms of advertising and branding strategies for international wine manufacturers and distributors who wish to expand globally. In addition, there are managerial implications for domestic market where local retailers, merchandisers, importers can avoid importing products originating from offending countries and take on opportunity to exploit and promote “buy domestic campaigns”. Originality/value – Conceptually, this study extends the existing COO literature by introducing bi-national brands into the model; expanding on country of ownership appeals in evaluating bi-national brands; and identifying the correlation between the economic nationalism and consumer ethnocentrism constructs. Further, this research can significantly help wine marketers to develop more effective positioning strategies. It will also help in the development of pricing and promotional decisions.
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Ramsden, Robyn, Richard Colbran, Tricia Linehan, Michael Edwards, Hilal Varinli, Carolyn Ripper, Angela Kerr, et al. "Partnering to address rural health workforce challenges in Western NSW." Journal of Integrated Care 28, no. 2 (November 4, 2019): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-06-2019-0026.
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Purpose While one-third of Australians live outside major cities, there are ongoing challenges in providing accessible, sustainable, and appropriate primary health care services in rural and remote communities. The purpose of this paper is to explore a partnership approach to understanding and addressing complex primary health workforce issues in the western region of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Design/methodology/approach The authors describe how a collaboration of five organisations worked together to engage a broader group of stakeholders and secure commitment and resources for a regional approach to address workforce challenges in Western NSW. A literature review and formal interviews with stakeholders gathered knowledge, identified issues and informed the overarching approach, including the development of the Western NSW Partnership Model and Primary Health Workforce Planning Framework. A stakeholder forum tested the proposed approach and gained endorsement for a collaborative priority action plan. Findings The Western NSW Partnership Model successfully engaged regional stakeholders and guided the development of a collaborative approach to building a sustainable primary health workforce for the future. Originality/value Given the scarcity of literature about effective partnerships approaches to address rural health workforce challenges, this paper contributes to an understanding of how to build sustainable partnerships to positively impact on the rural health workforce. This approach is replicable and potentially valuable elsewhere in NSW, other parts of Australia and internationally.
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Catalano, Sarah R., Kate S. Hutson, Rodney M. Ratcliff, and Ian D. Whittington. "The value of host and parasite identification for arripid fish." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 1 (2011): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10193.
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Accurate identification of fishes and their parasites is fundamental to the development, management and sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture worldwide. We examined three commercially and recreationally exploited Australian arripid species (Pisces: Arripidae), namely Australian herring (Arripis georgianus), eastern Australian salmon (A. trutta) and western Australian salmon (A. truttaceus), to determine their metazoan parasite assemblages and infection parameters. We identified 49 parasite species including 35 new parasite–host records and recognised seven ambiguous parasite–host records in the literature, largely a consequence of unsubstantiated host identifications in previous studies. Morphological and molecular methods confirmed a new western extension for the range of A. trutta, ∼1000 km west of the previous record. Confusion about host identification and the range extension documented here has implications for the management of these economically important arripid species in southern Australian waters. Our examination of an endemic Australian fish family emphasises that accurate identification of fishes and their parasites is a fundamental pre-requisite for efficient and sustainable resource management.
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Casanova, Michelle T., Annabel Douglas-Hill, Margaret A. Brock, Monika Muschal, and Michael Bales. "Farm ponds in New South Wales, Australia: relationship between macrophyte and phytoplankton abundances." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 4 (1997): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96131.
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The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of 65 farm ponds in the Northern Tablelands and Central Western Slopes regions of New South Wales, Australia, were similar to those recorded for Australian ponds in other studies. The strongest single relationship between physico-chemical characteristics and biological characteristics was for high abundance of phytoplankton, low abundance of macrophytes, high turbidity, and high nutrient concentrations in ponds on granitic soil. Variation among the ponds was such that no other relationship was significant. Five groups of ponds were discerned on the basis of their biological and physico-chemical characteristics. One group could be classed as reasonably ‘pristine’, with high water clarity and high abundance of macrophytes; another group presented highly eutrophic, phytoplankton-dominated conditions. Ponds in these two groups can be described as being in ‘alternative stable states’. A third group had been modified with the intention of improving the appearance or utility of the ponds. The last two groups identified in this analysis had no specific parallels in the literature. Abundance of macrophytes was related to good water quality, and encouragement of increased abundance of submerged plants in farm ponds could result in improved water quality.
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Monrouxe, Lynn V., Peter Hockey, Priya Khanna, Christiane Klinner, Lise Mogensen, D. A. O'Mara, Abbey Roach, Stephen Tobin, and Jennifer Ann Davids. "Senior medical students as assistants in medicine in COVID-19 crisis: a realist evaluation protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e045822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045822.
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IntroductionThe assistant in medicine is a new and paid role for final-year medical students that has been established in New South Wales, Australia, as part of the surge workforce management response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Eligibility requires the applicant to be a final-year medical student in an Australian Medical Council-accredited university and registered with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency. While there are roles with some similarities to the assistant in medicine role, such as assistantships (the UK) and physician assistants adopted internationally, this is completely new in Australia. Little is known about the functionality and success factors of this role within the health practitioner landscape, particularly within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the complexity of this role, a realist approach to evaluation has been undertaken as described in this protocol, which sets out a study design spanning from August 2020 to June 2021.Methods and analysisThe intention of conducting a realist review is to identify the circumstances and mechanisms that determine the outcomes of the assistant in medicine intervention. We will start by developing an initial programme theory to explore the potential function of the assistant in medicine role through realist syntheses of critically appraised summaries of existing literature using relevant databases and journals. Other data sources such as interviews and surveys with key stakeholders will contribute to the refinements of the programme theory. Using this method, we will develop a set of hypotheses on how and why the Australian assistants in medicine intervention might ‘work’ to achieve a variety of outcomes based on examples of related international interventions. These hypotheses will be tested against the qualitative and quantitative evidence gathered from all relevant stakeholders.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for the larger study was obtained from the Western Sydney Local Health District (2020/ETH01745). The findings of this review will provide useful information for hospital managers, academics and policymakers, who can apply the findings in their context when deciding how to implement and support the introduction of assistants in medicine into the health system. We will publish our findings in reports to policymakers, peer-reviewed journals and international conferences.
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Heywood, Peter Frank, and Simon Turpin. "Variations in Soil Carbon Stocks with Texture and Previous Landuse in North-western NSW, Australia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 2 (February 16, 2013): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n2p124.
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<p>Australia’s land managers will need specific information about the best locations at which to sequester carbon if they are to take advantage of the recent Carbon Farming Initiative of the Australian Government under which carbon offsets can be created through sequestration of carbon in soil and trees. The literature indicates that soil texture and previous landuse are important determinants of soil carbon content. This paper describes the results of work to assess the current levels of soil carbon and the extent to which they vary with previous landuse and soil texture in the Namoi Catchment Management Authority in North West NSW, Australia. Soil samples were taken at 74 sites for determination of soil carbon concentration and stocks as well as soil texture and landuse in the last 10 years. There was wide variation between sites in soil carbon concentration and stocks which were greatest in those soils which had not been disturbed by cultivation and in soils with higher clay content. Thus, the greatest potential for carbon sequestration is in soils with the lowest carbon concentration, those which have been previously disturbed, and with higher clay content. Maintaining any increased carbon concentration will depend on minimizing disturbance, increased carbon input and minimizing loss of carbon through soil erosion. As these factors all vary significantly on a regional and landscape basis it will be important for land managers to have access to information which allows them to choose the sites at which potential for sequestration of soil carbon is greatest.</p>