Relevant bibliographies by topics / Australian legal system

Academic literature on the topic 'Australian legal system'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Australian legal system"

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Suarez, Megan. "Aborginal English in the Legal System." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 27, no. 1 (July 1999): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100001526.

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The Australian legal system is based on the principle of equality before the law for all its citizens. The government of Australia also passed the international Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act in 1986, although these rights are not accessible to all Australians in the legal system (Bird 1995:3). The Australian legal system has failed to grant equality for all its people. The Aboriginal community is severely disadvantaged within the legal system because the Australian criminal justice system has “institutionalised discrimination” against Aboriginal people through communication barriers (Goldflam 1995: 29).
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Bird, Ruth. "Legal Research and the Legal System in Australia." International Journal of Legal Information 28, no. 1 (2000): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073112650000888x.

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The law in Australia is derived from legislation passed in Australian parliaments, at Federal and State level, together with the English Common law tradition and the Australian Common Law which developed from the English Common Law.
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Klein, Natalie. "Legal Implications Of Australia's Maritime Indentification System." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 55, no. 2 (April 2006): 337–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei084.

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AbstractOn 14 December 2004, Australia announced the institution of a ‘Maritime Identification Zone’, extending 1000 nautical miles from its coast and involving the identification of vessels seeking to enter Australian ports, as well as vessels transiting Australia' Exclusive Economic Zone. This Article analyses the legality of these security measures under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, new developments through the International Maritime Organization and the Proliferation Security Initiative. The implications of prescribing and enforcing identification requirements on the high seas and in the EEZ, the impact on maritime boundaries and avenues for dispute settlement are all explored.
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Wolff, Leon. "Litigiousness in Australia: Lessons from Comparative Law." Deakin Law Review 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2013vol18no2art39.

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How litigious are Australians? Although quantitative studies have comprehensively debunked the fear of an Australian civil justice system in crisis, the literature has yet to address the qualitative public policy question of whether Australians are under- or over-using the legal system to resolve their disputes. On one view, expressed by the insurance industry, the mass media and prominent members of the judiciary, Australia is moving towards an American-style hyper-litigiousness. By contrast, Australian popular culture paints the typical Australian as culturally averse to formal rights assertion. This article explores the comparative law literature on litigiousness in two jurisdictions that have attracted significant scholarly attention — the United States and Japan. More specifically, it seeks to draw lessons from this literature for both understanding litigiousness in modern Australia and framing future research projects on the issue.
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Briggs, Freda. "Child sexual abuse and the legal system." Children Australia 32, no. 2 (2007): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200011512.

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When Australia signed the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990, federal and state governments agreed, under Article 19, to create appropriate legislation and all necessary social and educational measures to protect children from all forms of abuse and exploitation and provide treatment and social support for victims and their carers. Seventeen years later, Australian child advocates are wondering where those services are, especially for those outside state capital cities. More importantly, where is the justice system that protects children and caters for victims of sexual abuse?Australia, in common with other former British colonies, inherited the Westminster adversarial system, described by Mallon and White (1995, p. 50, cited in McGrath 2005) as:
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Dziedzic, Anna, and Mark McMillan. "Australian Indigenous Constitutions: Recognition and Renewal." Federal Law Review 44, no. 3 (September 2016): 337–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1604400301.

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The Anglo-Australian legal system has not readily recognised Indigenous constitutions. The absence of such recognition does not, however, deny that Australia's Indigenous nations have had constitutions for thousands of years and continue to do so. In this article, we explain how Indigenous laws, institutions and systems of authority are constitutional. Using the constitutions of the Gunditjmara peoples and Ngarrindjeri nation as examples, we identify three dimensions of Indigenous constitutions in Australia: first, the foundation of Indigenous constitutions in the continuing and inherent authority of Indigenous nations; secondly constitutional features deriving from Indigenous law; and thirdly the use in Indigenous constitutions of institutions and processes that also have status under Australian law. We suggest that this new understanding of Indigenous constitutions provides a basis for contributing to current efforts in Indigenous constitution-making and to the development of a more inclusive understanding of the Australian constitutional system.
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Robertson, James. "DNA evidence in the Australian legal system." Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 49, no. 2 (April 20, 2016): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2016.1161575.

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Barker, David. "Australian Legal Education – A Short History." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 99 (June 30, 2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.99.02.

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This article examines the history and development of legal education in Australia by tracing the establishment of university law schools and other forms of legal education in the states and territories from the time of European settlement in 1788 until the present day. It considers the critical role played by legal education in shaping the culture of law and thus determining how well the legal system operates in practice. It argues that Australian legal education can satisfactorily meet the twin objectives of training individuals as legal practitioners, whilst providing a liberal education that facilitates the acquisition of knowledge and transferable legal skills.
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Johnston, Jane. "Court on Camera: Television Coverage of Australian Legal Proceedings." Media International Australia 100, no. 1 (August 2001): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0110000112.

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Despite widespread legal analysis and critical review over the past 20 years, television access into the Australian court system has been slow and piecemeal, with Australia falling behind Canadian and New Zealand initiatives in this area. A recent major report into camera access in the Federal Court has refocused attention on this area, but analysis continues to be primarily from a legal perspective rather than a media one. This paper considers the televised court coverage in Australia to this point, analyses change in the international environment and suggests possible futures for the televising of Australian courts, while also attempting to lay some foundations for discussion beyond the legal, and into the media, domain.
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Manin, Iaroslav. "Legal regime of subsoil use in Australia." Административное и муниципальное право, no. 2 (February 2021): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0595.2021.2.34270.

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The subject of this research is the Australian federal and regional normative legal acts that regulate subsoil use. The object is public relations in the sphere of land turnover, subsurface and natural resource management in the Commonwealth of Australia. The author describes the system and structure of normative legal regulation, as well as subsoil use in Australia. The work contains a list of sources of the Australian natural resources law; analysis of their content is carried out. Special attention is given to the legal regime of exploitation of subsoil resources of the continental shelf of the Commonwealth of Australia, licensing of subsoil use, the role of British monarchy in exercising the right of ownership of land by its subjects, and the authority for subsoil management. The scientific novelty of this article consists in the disclosure of legal regime of subsoil use in the Commonwealth of Australia in the context of amendments to Australian natural resources legislation, constitutional and administrative reforms. This work reflects the economic interest of the Russian Federation and domestic organizations of the fuel and energy complex in the Oceania Region, which defines its relevance. The presented materials can be used within the framework of comparative jurisprudence, lawmaking, for educational and other purposes. The author concludes on the preservation of public legal regime of subsoil use in Australia, namely with regards to turnover of licenses and shares therein.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Australian legal system"

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Shiravi-Khozani, Abdolhossein. "The legal aspect of international countertrade, with reference to the Australian Legal System." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5577.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 462-479. "... to provide a basis for understanding countertrade practices. In particular, however, it aims to provide assistance to trading parties to identify the problems associated with various forms of countertrade and to give them guidance in drafting countertrade contracts in the light of Australian law.".
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Stewart, Laura Ann. ""It is rape but ..." : issues with definition and implications for the Australian legal system." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5945.

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Through the use of focus groups and interviews, this research aims to increase understanding of the ways in which the public in Adelaide, South Australia draw on well documented rape myths and the influence of this process on their understandings of consent to sexual intercourse. This research explores how individual attitudes and opinions about rape are shaped through social interaction, including comparing the attitudes of men and women. Equal numbers of men and women were drawn from one geographical location by snowball sampling and vignettes were used to facilitate discussion in focus groups. Findings showed that rape myths remain influential amongst the public and are often used to attribute responsibility to women in acquaintance rape scenarios. However, analysis of the public’s engagement with rape myths revealed a complex process. People did not simply adhere to or challenge rape myths but rather these myths were engaged with in different ways at different times and in different circumstances. Findings also highlighted the complexity of the notion of consent and revealed contradictions in the ways in which consent was understood. Moreover, in many cases despite being willing to label an incident as rape, participants were still reluctant to say that they would find the man guilty of the crime of rape. Overall, this study suggests that the public struggle with issues concerning how rape is defined and that this has widespread implications both for rape victims and for the Australian legal system. Findings also suggest that radical attitude change is required before any real improvement will be seen in rape conviction rates.
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Vincent, Margaret Ann. "The inclusion of Aboriginal traditional law in the Western Australian legal system 1829-1992." Thesis, Vincent, Margaret Ann (1992) The inclusion of Aboriginal traditional law in the Western Australian legal system 1829-1992. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1992. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41531/.

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This study was undertaken with a view to examining Aboriginal customary law in Western Australia and the ways in which the legislation was framed to accommodate the traditions of the indigenous people. that rather than However, from the outset, it was noted trying to adapt aspects of Aboriginal customary law, the legislators and jurists drew up legislation which sought to deny Aborigines access to their traditional ways and to make them amenable to British law. This thesis looks at the entire period of white settlement from 1829 until the present day. It covers most of the important legislation proclaimed in Western Australia during this period as well as some of the more significant court cases which affected Aboriginal people. Central to the thesis is the notion of sovereignty. From the beginning of settlement, Aboriginal people were removed from their land by force or by means of legislation and consequently became dispossessed, not only in terms of their livelihood but also in terms of their traditional lifestyle. This thesis begins with the argument as to whether the British government had the right to claim sovereignty over the land. It concludes with the Mabo decision which found that in fact many Aboriginal people in Australia still have a right of native title to the land. In the interim, however, Aboriginal people suffered severe deprivations at the hands of the settlers and legislators. Many were treated harshly and were denied basic human rights. Yet, throughout the whole period, some managed to maintain aspects of their traditional lifestyle so that today, although there have been adaptations which have altered the form of traditional Aboriginal law, it still remains an important part of their lifestyle in many parts of the State. Legislation drawn up over the past twenty years has helped to ensure that Aboriginal people have the right to decide their own future and this has enabled them to look to the future with hope that soon they might not be considered as ‘other' by white Australians but as equals who have a distinct culture and identity.
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Brady, Mark. "Legal adaptability to disruptive technology: A case study of Australian law in relation to harm and automated vehicles." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213657/1/Mark_Brady_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigated the effects of disruptive technological change on the Australian legal system. It employed a case study of automated vehicles to examine how the Australian legal system adapts to disruptive technology. It considered several areas of Australian law and agents of institutional change that intersect with automated vehicles to understand how the legal system responds to technological disruption.
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Freudenberg, Brett David, and na. "Tax Transparent Companies: Striving for Tax Neutrality? A Legal International Comparative Study of Tax Transparent Companies and their Potential Application for Australian Closely Held Businesses." Griffith University. Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, 2009. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20100615.094301.

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An underlying issue which inheres in any taxation framework relates to the manner in which it operates and the actual distribution of its imposts or appropriations. In this respect, a tax system needs to confront two fundamental (and interrelated) questions – first, precisely how the tax or impost should be imposed and, secondly, who should bear the legal obligation or onus of payment. These issues can be conceptualised not only from a purely legal or positivist perspective, in terms of identifying who will incur the obligation to pay tax, but also in terms of a more economic and instrumental standpoint as to which entity or individual should effectively be paying the tax. These alternatives may not result in the same conclusions, particularly for the taxation of business forms. To provide one example, if the business form has separate legal entity status from its members, should the business form, as a legal person, be subject to tax separately from its members? From a legal standpoint the response to this question is that such a business form should bear the impost. However, from an economical perspective it may be preferable that the business income and/or losses are directly allocated to its members. Indeed, tax transparency (aggregate approach) has been argued as an economically superior model, although it is not without its critics...
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Mogilina, Y. "Ausralia legal system." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33765.

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Australia's legal system also known as ‘Common law system' is based on the model which was inherited by those countries whose development was influenced by British Colonialism in particular the commonwealth countries and the U.S.A. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33765
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Antonuccio, Phillip. "Operatively closed systems theory and the operation of the postmodern legal system in Australia." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1925.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Faculty of Law, University of Sydney, 2006.
Title from title screen (viewed 13th February, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Law, University of Sydney. Degree awarded 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Jaku, Danielle Georgia. "Responsible families a critical appraisal of the federal government's reforms /." Master's thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/620.

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Thesis (LLM)--Macquarie University. Division of Law.
Bibliography: leaves 192-208.
Introduction -- The perceived problems and the new reforms -- The framework for children's matters in Australia -- Families and functions - regulating the Australian family -- Reorganising the gender hierarchy -- Men's movements, misconceptions and misidentifying the real issues -- Problems with "shared parenting": an ideal or a (rebuttable) presumption? -- Mediation not litigation -- Conclusion -- Bibliography.
In this thesis, I critically appraise the latest reforms of the Australian family law system and assess the underlying philosophy of these measures. I specifically analyse the introduction of shared parenting and mandatory family dispute resolution. My starting point is that legislative changes alone cannot be used as a means of social change. Legal models cannot function correctly if they reflect an ideal rather than social reality, and in light of the current reforms, the Australian family law system risks such a fate. The system, which presumes that parents share parental responsibility upon separation (and therefore during the intact family), does not represent social truth. It appears to make an assumption that shared parenting is the societal practice, but I believe the law is really being used to impose such an ideal. If the reforms are to be successful, I argue that substantial social and economic structural change is required, in order to break down the dichotomy between men's and women's roles, which continue to define the male role as economic and public and the female responsibility as care-giving and private. This is particularly important if the Government is genuine about its aim to make parenting gender neutral in practice and not just in theory.
The thesis demonstrates that the reform measures are a response to the perceived rather than real problems identified in the family law system, and that they are largely issues raised under the influence of fathers' rights groups. The response of the Government to remedy the system is therefore flawed as it is based on misconceived notions about the family law system. It incorrectly identifies judicial discretion as a fundamental cause of the problems and tries to replace it with a more rules-based approach to determining children's matters. I suggest that the real problems can be found in the continuance of deeply entrenched customs and gendered role constructions, and the remedies lie in their overhaul. The social culture that makes the mother the primary caregiver and allocates to the father diminished parental responsibility from the time the child is born needs to be transformed. A suitable legal response to the current impasse would be to begin by educating the public about the way the system works and provide counselling to families on how to structure their united life well before they reach the breakdown point. Assisting families while they are still functional, as opposed to when they are dysfunctional, would arguably make a large difference in how the family law system is understood. Moreover, it would be able to facilitate ongoing communication for separating couples and, most importantly, thereby uphold the best interests of the child.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
208 leaves
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Spagnolo, Benjamin James. "Kelsen and Raz on the continuity of legal systems : applying the accounts in an Australian context." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a9025e33-e70e-49e9-994f-52f8daa311fd.

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This thesis has three objectives. Its primary objective is to examine, and critically evaluate, the theoretical accounts offered by Hans Kelsen and Joseph Raz to explain the temporal continuity and discontinuity of legal systems. In particular, it evaluates the explanatory power of those accounts by combining an abstract analysis of the accounts in principle and an evaluation based on systematically applying them to one concrete, historically circumstanced instance: the legal systems of British derivation in Australia between 1788 and 2001. The thesis thus tests each account’s factual fit: how adequately it corresponds to, accords with, and persuasively makes sense of, the facts – including complex social facts, attitudes and normative standards – for which it purports to offer an account. Second, the thesis aims to demonstrate, more generally, the utility of applying theoretical accounts to a particular historical instance to complement abstract analysis. Third, the thesis aims to advance the understanding of the evolution of Australian legal systems between 1788 and 2001. These three objectives are achieved through the critical exposition and reconstruction of the accounts, their development and enrichment where refinement is appropriate, their application to the specific context of Australia and their evaluation, individually and in comparison.
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Calvey, Jo. "Women's experiences of the workers' compensation system in Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/731.

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This was a phenomenological study undertaken to understand women's experience of the workers' compensation system. Eleven women were interviewed. They ranged in age from twenty-five to sixty-five years and represented diverse socio-economic and educational backgrounds. All women were from a non-indigenous background. The initial question to women was "Can you tell me what it is like to be involved in the workers' compensation system?" The narratives were analysed and interpreted using Hycner's (1985) phenomenological guidelines. Five core themes were found: negative versus positive/neutral experiences, the workplaces response and role in the process, women's experiences of payouts and tribunals, reasons why women may not claim workers' compensation, and the impact of the process on each women and their family(s). Acker's theory of 'gendered institutions' was used to understand why "many apparently gender-neutral processes are sites of gender production" (Acker, 1992b, p. 249). The experiences of the eleven women suggested that the workers' compensation system in Queensland is gendered; 'The women indicated that the workers compensation process was a disincentive to making a claim. WorkCover was viewed as siding with the employer, bureaucratic in nature and lacking values associated with empathy, sympathy and caring. Recommendations for improvements to the workers' compensation included: establish legal obligations and enforcement of occupational health and safety responsibilities to injured or ill workers; adoption of occupational health and safety values by employers; change the attitudes of employers (recognising women as breadwinners and workers are not disposable); a single case manager to advocate for injured or ill workers; recognition of mental and emotional consequences of an injury or illness provision of rehabilitation that recognises mental and emotional factors as well as the importance of family participation; greater involvement of employers and employees in the rehabilitation process; and finally, improved service delivery which involves consistency, ethics, clarity, (regarding the WorkCover process for injured workers and employers), accountability and involvement of all parties. The knowledge embedded in the interviews, expressed through core stories and themes, was essential to making women's voices visible and providing an insight into service delivery based on women's experiences and needs.
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Books on the topic "Australian legal system"

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Carter, Gerard B. Australian legal system. Bondi Junction, N.S.W., Australia: Blackstone Press, 1995.

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Meek, Michael K. The Australian legal system. Edited by Young P. W. 3rd ed. Pyrmont, NSW: LBC Information Services, 1999.

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Carvan, John. Understanding the Australian legal system. 3rd ed. Sydney: LBC Information Services, 1999.

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Understanding the Australian legal system. Sydney: Cavendish Pub. (Australia), 1997.

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Carvan, John. Understanding the Australian legal system. 4th ed. Sydney: Lawbook Co., 2002.

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Hinchy, Russell. The Australian legal system: History, institutions, and method. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Education Australia, 2007.

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Hinchy, Russell. The Australian legal system: History, institutions, and method. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Education Australia, 2007.

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Hinchy, Russell. The Australian legal system: History, institutions, and method. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Education Australia, 2007.

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Principles and practice of the Australian legal system. Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co., 2007.

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Easteal, Patricia Weiser. Less than equal: Women and the Australian legal system. Chatswood, NSW: Butterworths, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Australian legal system"

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Lynch, Gordon. "‘A Serious Injustice to the Individual’: British Child Migration to Australia as Policy Failure." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_1.

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AbstractThe Introduction sets this book in the wider context of recent studies and public interest in historic child abuse. Noting other international cases of child abuse in the context of public programmes and other institutional contexts, it is argued that children’s suffering usually arose not from an absence of policy and legal protections but a failure to implement these effectively. The assisted migration of unaccompanied children from the United Kingdom to Australia is presented, particularly in the post-war period, as another such example of systemic failures to maintain known standards of child welfare. The focus of the book on policy decisions and administrative systems within the UK Government is explained and the relevance of this study to the historiography of child migration and post-war child welfare is also set out.
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Mendelson, Danuta. "National Electronic Health Record Systems and Consent to Processing of Health Data in the European Union and Australia." In Legal Tech and the New Sharing Economy, 83–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1350-3_6.

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Lynch, Gordon. "From Regulation to Moral Persuasion: Child Migration Policy and the Home Office Children’s Department, 1948–1954." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 191–242. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_6.

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AbstractThis chapter examines the wider policy context and administrative systems for child migration to Australia in the period 1948-1954. With stronger concerns about child migration being expressed by some professional and voluntary organisations in Britain, in 1949 the Home Office began a process of drafting regulations for the emigration of children from the care of voluntary societies. The chapter examines how the process of developing these regulations was delayed through a complex bureaucratic process, with a final draft of the regulations not completed until 1954. Concerns about the legal limitations of these regulations and their effective power in safeguarding child migrants once overseas contributed to a subsequent decision in the Home Office not to introduce them. This decision was also informed by an independent review of child migration to Australia by John Moss, published in 1953, which offered a broadly positive view of this work. The chapter considers why Moss—a former member of the Curtis Committee—took this view, and how broad policy standards such as the Curtis report were, in practice, interpreted and implemented in different ways.
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"Australian Legal System." In Australian Essential Management Law, 23–42. Routledge-Cavendish, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843140993-5.

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"The Australian legal system." In The Australian Medico-Legal Handbook, 14–31. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7295-3760-5.50003-3.

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Zetler, Julie. "The Australian legal system." In Essentials of Law, Ethics, and Professional Issues in CAM, 1–13. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7295-3970-8.00001-0.

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Viven-Wilksch, Jessica. "The Australian legal system." In Contemporary Australian Business Law, 1–20. Cambridge University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108980982.001.

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"The legal system." In Ethics and Law for Australian Nurses, 32–61. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108859905.003.

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Ripperger, Bernhard. "The legal system." In Ethics and Law for Australian Nurses, 32–64. 5th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009236034.003.

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"The role of the governing parliamentary party." In Understanding The Australian Legal System, 52. Routledge-Cavendish, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843141341-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Australian legal system"

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Carter, Stacy, Khin Win, Lei Wang, Wendy Rogers, Bernadette Richards, and Nehmat Houssami. "65 Ethical, legal and social implications of artificial intelligence systems for screening and diagnosis." In Preventing Overdiagnosis Abstracts, December 2019, Sydney, Australia. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-pod.77.

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Jain, Harshit, and Naveen Pundir. "Representation Learning and Similarity of Legal Judgements using Citation Networks." In 10th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (NLP 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.112302.

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India and many other countries like UK, Australia, Canada follow the ‘common law system’ which gives substantial importance to prior related cases in determining the outcome of the current case. Better similarity methods can help in finding earlier similar cases, which can help lawyers searching for precedents. Prior approaches in computing similarity of legal judgements use a basic representation which is either abag-of-words or dense embedding which is learned by only using the words present in the document. They, however, either neglect or do not emphasize the vital ‘legal’ information in the judgements, e.g. citations to prior cases, act and article numbers or names etc. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to learn the embeddings of legal documents using the citationnetwork of documents. Experimental results demonstrate that the learned embedding is at par with the state-of-the-art methods for document similarity on a standard legal dataset.
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Wonschik, C. R., J. Brennan, G. Ding, A. Heilmann, and K. Vessalas. "Implications of Legal Frameworks on Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling – a Comparative Study of the German and Australian Systems." In 31st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2014/0069.

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Lynch, Kathy, Aleksej Heinze, and Elsje Scott. "Information Technology Team Projects in Higher Education: An International Viewpoint." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3059.

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Abstract:
It is common to find final or near final year undergraduate Information Technology students undertaking a substantial development project; a project where the students have the opportunity to be fully involved in the analysis, design, and development of an information technology service or product. This involvement has been catalyzed and prepared for during their previous studies where the students have been told and shown how to develop similar systems. It is the belief that only through this ‘real’ project do they get the chance to experience something similar to what is expected of them when they embark on their chosen profession; that is, as an information technology professional. The high value of ‘near real life’ educational experience is recognized by many universities across the globe. The aim of this paper is to present examples from three countries - Australia, United Kingdom and South Africa, of the delivery of these team, capstone or industrial experience projects; their curricula and management processes. Academics from institutions in each of the countries share experiences, challenges and pitfalls encountered during the delivery of these information technology projects within their institutions. An overview of each institution’s strategies is provided and highlights specific issues such as the selection of projects, allocation of teams to projects, legal requirements, assessment methods, challenges and benefits.
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Reports on the topic "Australian legal system"

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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint: A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.

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Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.
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