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Journal articles on the topic 'Australian Institute of Sport'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Elkington, Lisa J., and David C. Hughes. "Australian Institute of Sport and Australian Medical Association position statement on concussion in sport." Medical Journal of Australia 206, no. 1 (January 2017): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja16.00741.

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2

Shaw, Gregory, Gary Slater, and Louise M. Burke. "Supplement Use of Elite Australian Swimmers." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 26, no. 3 (June 2016): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0182.

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This study examined the influence the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) Sport Supplement Program had on supplement practices of elite Australian swimmers, comparing those guided by the Program with others in the same national team. Thirty-nine elite swimmers (13 AIS, 26 Other; 20 female, 19 male; age 21.8 ± 3.3 y) completed a questionnaire investigating supplement use. Ninety-seven percent of swimmers reported taking supplements or sports foods over the preceding 12 months. AIS swimmers reported using more total brands (p = .02) and supplements considered Ergogenic (p = .001) than Other swimmers who used more supplements considered to be lacking scientific support (p = .028). Swimmers rated the risk of a negative outcome from the use of supplements available in Australia (Mdn = 3.0) as less than the risk of supplements from international sources (Mdn = 4.0; p < .001). AIS swimmers were more likely to report dietitians (p < .001) and sports physicians (p = .017) as advisors of their supplement use. Other swimmers more frequently reported fellow athletes as a source of supplement advice (p = .03). AIS swimmers sourced a greater percentage of their supplements from an organized program (94 ± 16%) compared with Other (40 ± 32%; p < .001) who sourced a greater percentage (30 ± 30%) of their dietary supplements from supermarkets. These findings suggest that swimmers influenced by this sport supplement program more frequently use supplements that are recommended by allied health trained individuals, classified as evidence based and provided by the program.

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3

Drew, Michael, Vlahovich Nicole, Hughes David, Appaneal Renee, Peterson Kirsten, Burke Louise, Lundy Bronwen, et al. "STAY HEALTHY: AN AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF SPORT ILLNESS PREVENTION PROJECT." British Journal of Sports Medicine 51, no. 4 (February 2017): 313.1–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.76.

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4

Hughes, David, Richard Saw, Nirmala Kanthi Panagodage Perera, Mathew Mooney, Alice Wallett, Jennifer Cooke, Nick Coatsworth, and Carolyn Broderick. "The Australian Institute of Sport framework for rebooting sport in a COVID-19 environment." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 23, no. 7 (July 2020): 639–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.004.

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5

Kim, Jooyoung. "Nutritional Supplement for Athletic Performance: Based on Australian Institute of Sport Sports Supplement Framework." Exercise Science 28, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2019.28.3.211.

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6

Drew, Michael, Nicole Vlahovich, David Hughes, Renee Appaneal, Kirsten Peterson, Louise Burke, Bronwen Lundy, et al. "Stay healthy: An Australian Institute of sport transdisciplinary illness prevention project." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20 (January 2017): e78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.01.029.

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7

Wells, Kimberley R., Nikki A. Jeacocke, Renee Appaneal, Hilary D. Smith, Nicole Vlahovich, Louise M. Burke, and David Hughes. "The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) position statement on disordered eating in high performance sport." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 21 (July 13, 2020): 1247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101813.

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Identification, evaluation and management of disordered eating (DE) is complex. DE exists along the spectrum from optimised nutrition through to clinical eating disorders (EDs). Individual athletes can move back and forth along the spectrum of eating behaviour at any point in time over their career and within different stages of a training cycle. Athletes are more likely to present with DE than a clinical ED. Overall, there is a higher prevalence of DE and EDs in athletes compared with non-athletes. Additionally, athletes participating in aesthetic, gravitational and weight-class sports are at higher risk of DE and EDs than those in sports without these characteristics. The evaluation and management of DE requires a cohesive team of professional practitioners consisting of, at minimum, a doctor, a sports dietitian and a psychologist, termed within this statement as the core multidisciplinary team. The Australian Institute of Sport and the National Eating Disorders Collaboration have collaborated to provide this position statement, containing guidelines for athletes, coaches, support staff, clinicians and sporting organisations. The guidelines support the prevention and early identification of DE, and promote timely intervention to optimise nutrition for performance in a safe, supported, purposeful and individualised manner. This position statement is a call to action to all involved in sport to be aware of poor self-image and poor body image among athletes. The practical recommendations should guide the clinical management of DE in high performance sport.

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Pomroy, Samantha, Greg Lovell, David Hughes, and Nicole Vlahovich. "Intravenous fluids and their use in sport: A position statement from the Australian Institute of Sport." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 23, no. 4 (April 2020): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.020.

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9

Winter, Graham. "The Use of Hypnosis in an Applied Sport Psychology Setting." Behaviour Change 3, no. 2 (June 1986): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081348390000927x.

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Many psychologists are becoming involved in helping sportspeople to prepare for competition. These psychologists have a number of techniques at their disposal and one of these is hypnosis. There are benefits in using hypnosis with sportspeople but some misconceptions about its nature need to be overcome. This article outlines how hypnosis has been introduced and used at the South Australian Sports Institute and consideration is given to how it can be used with other techniques, to help sportspeople achieve their goals. Two case studies are presented, together with guidelines on the use of hypnosis in an applied sport psychology setting.

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10

Vlahovich, Nicole, Peter A. Fricker, Matthew A. Brown, and David Hughes. "Ethics of genetic testing and research in sport: a position statement from the Australian Institute of Sport." British Journal of Sports Medicine 51, no. 1 (November 29, 2016): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096661.

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11

Waller, Martin C., Deborah A. Kerr, Martyn J. Binnie, Emily Eaton, Clare Wood, Terreen Stenvers, Daniel F. Gucciardi, Carmel Goodman, and Kagan J. Ducker. "Supplement Use and Behaviors of Athletes Affiliated With an Australian State-Based Sports Institute." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0336.

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The authors aimed to update knowledge of the use of supplements among Australian athletes at a state-based sports institute. The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire to assess the influence of age, sports category, and scholarship category on supplement use. Of 94 completed questionnaires, 82 (87%) indicated supplements in the previous 12 months (mean = 4.9 ± 3.3). No significant difference in supplement usage rate was identified when considering age, scholarship category, or sport category. The most frequently used supplements were sports drinks (70%), caffeine (48%), protein powder (42%), and sports bars (42%). Recovery (63%), health maintenance (59%), and improved energy (50%) were the most frequently reported rationale to use supplements. Allied health professionals and credible online resources were the predominant sources of influence regarding use. However, athletes from lower scholarship categories were more likely to have social media, parents, and siblings influence usage, and age was inversely related to increased influence from parents, social media, physicians not associated with the institute, the Internet, and siblings. Older athletes and those on higher scholarships were more likely to source supplements from training facilities and sports nutrition staff outside of the institute or direct from a supplier, whereas those on lower scholarships tended to rely more on family and friends for their supplements. Findings from this study show a high prevalence of supplement use and are the first to show an influence of social media, particularly in younger athletes. Opportunities exist to optimize how athletes are informed regarding supplement use and organizational and supplement policy.

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Smith, Brendan, Stephanie Hanrahan, Ruth Anderson, and Lyndel Abbott. "Predicting Homesickness in Residential Athletes." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 9, no. 2 (June 2015): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0025.

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Leaving home or transitioning to another environment is a part of every individual’s personal growth and is often considered to be a significant developmental milestone. The distress that individuals experience with this transition has been identified as homesickness. Elite sporting institutions, such as the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), have recognized that problems associated with homesickness appear to be a predominant cause of poor well-being and dropout among athletes living in a national sports institute. This study aimed to investigate if individual personality traits and coping styles could predict levels of homesickness in these athletes. Neuroticism, self-esteem, and mental escape were significant predictors of homesickness. These results suggest that athletes who are vulnerable to homesickness can be identified before the commencement of their sporting scholarships so they can be treated accordingly.

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Shaw, Gregory, Gary Slater, and Louise M. Burke. "Changes in the Supplementation Practices of Elite Australian Swimmers Over 11 Years." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 26, no. 6 (December 2016): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0060.

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Thirty nine elite Australian swimmers (13 AIS, 26 OTHER) completed a standardized questionnaire regarding their supplement use during a pre competition camp. The data were compared with a similar study conducted 11 years earlier (11 AIS, 23 OTHER) and framed around the classification system of the Sport Supplement Program of the Australian Institute of Sport. The prevalence of supplement use remained constant over time (2009: 97%, 1998: 100%). However, the current swimmers used a greater number of dietary supplements (9.2 ± 3.7 and 5.9 ± 2.9; p = .001), accounted for by an increase in the reported use of supplements with a greater evidence base (Sports Foods, Ergogenics, and Group B supplements). In contrast, fewer supplements considered less reputable (Group C and D) were reported by the 2009 cohort (0.7 ± 1.0 and 1.6 ± 1.3; p = .003). AIS swimmers reported a greater use of Ergogenics (4.3 ± 1.8 and 3.1 ± 1.7; p = .002), and less use of Group C and D supplements overall (0.8 ± 1.2 and 1.3 ± 1.2; p = .012), which was explained primarily by a smaller number of these supplements reported by the 2009 group (1998 AIS: 1.5 ± 1.4, 2009 AIS: 0.2 ± 0.6; p = .004). Although the prevalence of supplement use has not changed over time, there has been a significant increase in the number and type of products they are using. The potential that these changes can be attributed to a Sports Supplement Program merit investigation.

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14

Compton, Stacey, Larissa Trease, Corey Cunningham, and David Hughes. "Australian Institute of Sport and the Australian Paralympic Committee position statement: urinary tract infection in spinal cord injured athletes." British Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 19 (April 13, 2015): 1236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094527.

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15

Albion, Majella J., and Gerard J. Fogarty. "Career Decision Making for Young Elite Athletes: Are We Ahead on Points?" Australian Journal of Career Development 14, no. 1 (April 2005): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841620501400108.

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A comparison is made between the career decision making of secondary school students who are also elite athletes and a sample of non-athlete students. The 226 athletes (111 females, 115 males) in the study were on sporting scholarships with the Australian Institute of Sport or state/territory institutions. Measures used included the Career Decision Difficulties Questionnaire and the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale. The non-athlete data were obtained from 272 secondary school students (149 females, 123 males). Only three athletes indicated a singular focus on a career in professional sport. There were significant relationships between athletic identity and career decision difficulties, especially in relation to dysfunctional myths, and there was only one difference between the difficulties reported by athletes and non-athletes. Tentative conclusions are drawn about the factors that impact on career decision making among elite athletes and possible directions for future research.

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16

Muñoz, Alejandro, Álvaro López-Samanes, Raúl Domínguez, Víctor Moreno-Pérez, Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver, and Juan Del Coso. "Use of Sports Supplements in Competitive Handball Players: Sex and Competitive Level Differences." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2020): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113357.

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Sports supplements are commonly used by elite athletes with the main goal of enhancing sport performance. Supplements use might be substantially different depending on the sport discipline, sex, and competitive level. To date, data about prevalence and the most-commonly used supplements in handball are scarce. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to determine the patterns of supplements use by handball players of both sexes and with different competitive levels: One hundred and eighty-seven handball players (112 men and 75 women) of different competitive levels (106 professional and 81 amateur) completed a validated self-administered questionnaire about supplements use. Supplements were classified according to the categorization of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). Overall, 59.9% of the handball players (n = 112) declared the use of at least one supplement and there were no significant differences between men and women (58.9% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.762) nor between professional vs. amateur handball players (67.1% vs. 53.8%, p = 0.074). The most prevalent supplements were sports drinks (42.2%), followed by energy bars (35.3%) and caffeine-containing products (31.6%). However, a greater consumption of group A supplements (those with strong scientific evidence; p = 0.029) and group B supplements (those with emerging scientific support, p = 0.012) was observed in male compared to female handball players. Supplements categorized as medical supplements were more commonly consumed in professional vs. amateur players (0.48 ± 0.80 vs. 0.21 ± 0.44, supplements p < 0.006). Additionally, a higher consumption of group B supplements was observed in professional compared to amateur players (0.58 ± 0.88 vs. 0.33 ± 0.72 supplements, p = 0.015). Handball players revealed a moderate use of supplements while sex and competitive level slighted changed the pattern of supplements use. A high portion of handball players use supplements as fuel during exercise and reported the use of caffeine-containing supplements to enhance performance.

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Caraballo, Israel, Raúl Domínguez, Eduardo J. Guerra-Hernandez, and Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver. "Analysis of Sports Supplements Consumption in Young Spanish Elite Dinghy Sailors." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040993.

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The sports performance of dinghy sailors is determined by their state of nutrition and hydration. Sports supplementation plays a prominent role in elite sailors, being essential in periods of competition due to its characteristics. This study aims to analyze the consumption of sports supplements (SS) in the different categories and groups of sailors based on the level of evidence, differentiating according to sex, competitive level, and type of boat. A total of 42 sailors from national and international levels and belonging to the Laser, 420, Techno-293 and RS:X classes participated in this study. They completed a questionnaire with questions about the consumption of SS and the possible repercussions on health and/or sports performance. The results were analyzed based on the different categorizations and group organization recently established by the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), as well as by sex, level of competition and class to which the participants belonged. The male sailors and those who competed internationally had a higher prevalence in the consumption of SS. Among the classes of vessels studied, class 420 had the lowest SS consumption. SS intake was higher during competition days, regardless of sex or level of competition. Based on the classification established by the AIS, statistically significant differences were observed in sex, level of competition, and the type of boat.

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Ashenden, Michael J., David T. Martin, Geoffrey P. Dobson, Colin Mackintosh, and Allan G. Hahn. "Serum Ferritin and Anemia in Trained Female Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 8, no. 3 (September 1998): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.8.3.223.

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The aim of this study was to establish whether extremely low serum ferritin values in female athletes were associated with indications of iron deficiency anemia and whether serum ferritin values were influenced by the type of training or participants' body size. Hematological data collected during 6 years at the Australian Institute of Sport were reviewed to quantify changes in serum ferritin concentration associated with training and to establish whether decrements in serum ferritin were associated with any change in hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, or mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Mean serum ferritin concentrations of 7.5 μg ⋅ L−1 were not associated with any indication of iron-deficiency anemia. Serum ferritin declined by approximately 25% with the onset of rigorous daily training (p <.01) whether training was predominantly weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing. Rowers had significantly higher ferritin concentrations than basketball players of similar stature (p = .02). We conclude that considerable background information such as the stage of training, specific sport, and previous blood results should be sought when interpreting serum ferritin concentrations in female athletes.

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Spronk, Inge, Susan E. Heaney, Tania Prvan, and Helen T. O’Connor. "Relationship Between General Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Quality in Elite Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 25, no. 3 (June 2015): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0034.

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This study investigated the association between general nutrition knowledge and dietary quality in a convenience sample of athletes (> state level) recruited from four Australian State Sport Institutes. General nutrition knowledge was measured by the validated General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire and diet quality by an adapted version of the Australian Recommended Food Score (A-ARFS) calculated from food frequency questionnaire data. Analysis of variance and linear modeling were used to assess relationships between variables. Data: mean (Standard Deviation). A total of 101 athletes (Males: 37; Females: 64), 18.6 (4.6) years were recruited mainly from team sports (72.0%). Females scored higher than males for both nutrition knowledge (Females: 59.9%; Males: 55.6%; p = .017) and total A-ARFS (Females: 54.2% Males: 49.4%; p = .016). There was no significant influence of age, level of education, athletic caliber or team/individual sport participation on nutrition knowledge or total A-ARFS. However, athletes engaged in previous dietetic consultation had significantly higher nutrition knowledge (61.6% vs. 56.6%; p = .034) but not total A-ARFS (53.6% vs. 52.0%; p = .466). Nutrition knowledge was weakly but positively associated with total A-ARFS (r = .261, p= .008) and A-ARFS vegetable subgroup (r = .252, p = .024) independently explaining 6.8% and 5.1% of the variance respectively. Gender independently explained 5.6% of the variance in nutrition knowledge (p = .017) and 6.7% in total A-ARFS (p = .016). Higher nutrition knowledge and female gender were weakly but positively associated with better diet quality. Given the importance of nutrition to health and optimal sports performance, intervention to improve nutrition knowledge and healthy eating is recommended, especially for young male athletes.

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Rice, Simon, Matt Butterworth, Matti Clements, Daniel Josifovski, Sharyn Arnold, Cecily Schwab, Kerryn Pennell, and Rosemary Purcell. "Development and Implementation of the National Mental Health Referral Network for Elite Athletes: A Case Study of the Australian Institute of Sport." Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology 4, S1 (January 1, 2020): S1–27—S1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssep.2019-0016.

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Awareness-raising and antistigma campaigns have sought to increase the acceptance of mental ill health across the general community and subpopulations of elite athletes. Nonetheless, gaps remain for models of clinical service provision. As cultural change prompts elite athletes toward more open and positive perceptions of help seeking, the number of athletes seeking evidence-based mental health intervention has been predicted to increase. In this context, the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) established the national Mental Health Referral Network. The network comprises registered mental health professionals (psychologists) and is led by the AIS Athlete Wellbeing and Engagement branch. This case study describes the development and implementation of this network, including the service-provider procurement process and strategic consultation provided by Orygen. Details are provided for international bodies seeking to undertake similar initiatives. Reflections on program implementation highlight opportunities for expansion and data capture, informing future education-based initiatives.

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Hilton, Deborah Joy. "Sports Monitoring with Moving Aerial Cameras Maybe Cost Efficient For Injury Prevention." SciMedicine Journal 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2020-0203-3.

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Objectives: An Australian access economics report (2009) estimated the lifetime cost of care is 5.0 million for a person whom suffers paraplegia and 9.5 million for quadriplegia, and costs/year are approximately $90,000. Hilton )2018( on drones at sporting venues discusses their potential to revolutionize injury surveillance monitoring via expert exposure gained for recording, investigation, tracking and monitoring of sporting injuries. Hilton (2018) reviewed rugby union and league Australian spinal cord injury datasets, finding more incident cases in the union then league [1]. Methods/Analysis: Wikipedia reports 20 professional rugby union and 26 rugby league playing fields in Australia. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare document; Australian sports injury hospitalizations 2011–12 report just under 800 head and neck injuries requiring hospitalization related to rugby-related sports “35 neck fractures and 348 head fractures”. Brisbane’s leading drone aerial photography service “Droneworxs” according to previous enquiries by the author charge $650/hour to monitor a sporting event. A crude drone implementation cost estimate, hypothetically is to utilize this device across 46 professional clubs X 52 weeks one hour/week = $1,554,800. A basic hypothetical mathematical cost benefit comparison was performed. Findings: Droneworxs cost divided by healthcare costs/case/year ($90,000) = 17 so if these injuries are prevented then cost equivalence is reached figurately speaking, then cost benefits accrue. Novelty /Improvement: Drones are not overly expensive compared to spinal cord injury costs. The occasional presence of aerial cameras at sporting venues may also deter repeated foul play, in the same way that webcam cameras deter potential thieves.

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Doğan, Umut. "Developing an Applied Profile for Assessing the Perceived Effectiveness of Athletes’ Psychological Strategies: A Case Study at the Australian Institute of Sport." Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssep.2020-0022.

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Existing tools measuring athletes’ psychological strategies have various practical limitations including (a) not capturing the perceived effectiveness of psychological strategies in pursuing desirable outcomes; (b) overlooking stages of competitive involvement, such as before training or the night before competition; (c) and being predominantly paper-based. In the present case study, the author explains the process of developing an alternative assessment tool called the Profile of Psychological Strategies (ProPS). This new profile aims to measure athletes’ perceptions of which strategies they use, to pursue which desirable outcomes, and how effectively. The ProPS has its theoretical roots in Fletcher and Sarkar’s approach to developing psychological resilience and was developed based on an adapted version of Radhakrishna’s Sequence for Instrument Development. This case study can be useful both for sport experts looking for a practical and flexible way to measure athletes’ psychological strategies and for those aiming to develop their own applied assessment tool.

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Domínguez, Raúl, Rubén López-Domínguez, Álvaro López-Samanes, Pol Gené, José Antonio González-Jurado, and Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver. "Analysis of Sport Supplement Consumption and Body Composition in Spanish Elite Rowers." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 3871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123871.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the anthropometric characteristics and sport supplement (SS) consumption patterns of heavyweight and lightweight international rowers. Methods: The 13 heavyweights (11 males) and seven lightweights (five males) of the Spanish National Rowing Team were recruited for the study. Body composition was measured by bio-impedance analysis, and the questionnaire used in this investigation was previously validated to assess SS consumption. According to anthropometrics parameters, it was reported that male heavyweight rowers were heavier (p < 0.001) and taller (p < 0.001), but no statistical differences were reported for % body fat (p = 0.104) or % lean body mass (p = 0.161). All rowers reported consumption of at least one SS. Based on the Australian Institute of Sport’s classification, higher medical supplement consumption was observed when comparing heavyweight rowers to lightweight rowers (2.5 ± 1.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5, p = 0.040). There were no differences in the totals of group A (strong scientific evidence for sports scenarios, p = 0.069), group B (emerging scientific support, deserving of further research, p = 0.776), or group C (scientific evidence not supportive of benefit and/or security amongst athletes, p = 0.484). The six most consumed SSs were iron (85%), caffeine (85%), β-alanine (85%), energy bars (85%), vitamin supplements (80%), and isotonic drinks (80%), with no statistical differences between heavyweight and lightweight rowers (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the absence of differences in body composition (expressed as a percentage) do not represent anthropometric disadvantages for heavyweight rowers. In addition, SS consumption was similar between rowers, reporting only higher medical supplement consumption in heavyweight rowers.

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Burkett, B., J. Smeathers, and T. Barker. "Walking and running inter-limb asymmetry for Paralympic trans-femoral amputees, a biomechanical analysis." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 27, no. 1 (April 2003): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093640309167975.

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The aim of this project was to further the research and understanding of the trans-femoral amputee's ability to walk and run by comparing the changes in walking and running inter-limb asymmetry. An objective biomechanical analysis was conducted on four male trans-femoral amputees, all members of the Australian Paralympic training squad for the 1996 Atlanta Paralympic Games. The data was collected in the biomechanics laboratories at Queensland University of Technology and the Australian Institute of Sport. The main outcomes measure a synchronised 3D kinematic (200Hz), kinetic (600Hz) and temporal analysis of walking at self-selected (1.1-1.3m/s), and at maximal running speed (2.5-4.3m/s). The walking and running biomechanical data was summarised into 27 indices of symmetry. The results showed that for all subjects the inter-limb asymmetry was significantly different at running speed, when compared to the walking speed. Using indices of symmetry 79% of the kinematic, 67% of the kinetic, and 67% of the temporal measurements identified better inter-limb asymmetry when the subjects walked, compared to running. This study objectively identified that when Paralympic level amputees ran on their standard running prosthesis, the inter-limb asymmetry was exacerbated.

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BREARLEY, MAURICE N. "A METHOD OF IMPROVING OAR EFFICIENCY." ANZIAM Journal 50, no. 4 (April 2009): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181109000078.

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AbstractIn boats used for competitive rowing it is traditional for the rowers to use strokes in which the angle between the oar shaft and the perpendicular to the hull centre line is much greater at the catch than it is at the end of the power stroke. As a result, the oar blade is even more inefficient in its action at the catch than it is at the end of the power stroke. This paper shows how boat performance in a race would be improved by reducing the difference in these starting and finishing angles. The claim of improved race performance is supported by a detailed investigation of the dynamics involved in the case of a particular coxless pair whose performance has been recorded by the Australian Institute of Sport. We also suggest an easy way to make the necessary change in boat design.

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Pokrywka, Andrzej, Zbigniew Obmiński, Jadwiga Malczewska-Lenczowska, Zbigniew Fijatek, Ewa Turek-Lepa, and Ryszard Grucza. "Insights into Supplements with Tribulus Terrestris used by Athletes." Journal of Human Kinetics 41, no. 1 (July 8, 2014): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0037.

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AbstractHerbal and nutritional supplements are more and more popular in the western population. One of them is an extract of an exotic plant, named Tribulus terrestris (TT). TT is a component of several supplements that are available over-the-counter and widely recommended, generally as enhancers of human vitality. TT is touted as a testosterone booster and remedy for impaired erectile function; therefore, it is targeted at physically active men, including male athletes. Based on the scientific literature describing the results of clinical trials, this review attempted to verify information on marketing TT with particular reference to the needs of athletes. It was found that there are few reliable data on the usefulness of TT in competitive sport. In humans, a TT extract used alone without additional components does not improve androgenic status or physical performance among athletes. The results of a few studies have showed that the combination of TT with other pharmacological components increases testosterone levels, but it was not discovered which components of the mixture contributed to that effect. TT contains several organic compounds including alkaloids and steroidal glycosides, of which pharmacological action in humans is not completely explained. One anti-doping study reported an incident with a TT supplement contaminated by a banned steroid. Toxicological studies regarding TT have been carried out on animals only, however, one accidental poisoning of a man was described. The Australian Institute of Sport does not recommend athletes’ usage of TT. So far, the published data concerning TT do not provide strong evidence for either usefulness or safe usage in sport.

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Vukolov, V. N. "International sport tourism competition–2020: results, problems, solutions." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-1-122-127.

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The coronavirus pandemic has made adjustments to the events of world sports tourism 2020. However, two major competitions were held. From 21 to 23 February 2020, Minsk hosted the World Championship (WCH) in hiking, where, in addition to Kazakhstan and the CIS countries, teams from Australia, Argentina, Germany, Italy, and the USA took part. Five Kazakhstani teams participating in the World Cup did not receive prizes. Due to the coronavirus, the World Championship in hiking for children and youth 2020 was postponed several times. And finally, in October, these competitions took place. They included 25 reports of Kazakhstani teams and six of them reached the final. The judging of these competitions was attended by a Kazakhstani expert group of four people, which in the course of its work used a new method of judging developed by specialists from the Research Institute of Tourism of the Turan University. This methodology is based on a scientifically grounded conceptual apparatus that characterizes the content of each of the five criteria for evaluating reports on sports trips presented at international competitions: complexity, novelty, safety, tension, usefulness. The structural and meaningful analysis of these criteria showed that an objective assessment of reports on sports campaigns is possible using the concepts: methodology, criterion, length, first ascent, strategy, tactics, tourism technique.

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Ebert, Tammie R., David T. Martin, Brian Stephens, Warren McDonald, and Robert T. Withers. "Fluid and Food Intake During Professional Men’s and Women’s Road-Cycling Tours." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 2, no. 1 (March 2007): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.1.58.

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Purpose:To quantify the fluid and food consumed during a men’s and women’s professional road-cycling tour.Methods:Eight men (age 25 ± 5 y, body mass ± 7.4 kg, and height 177.4 ± 4.5 cm) and 6 women (age 26 ± 4 y, body mass ± 5.6 kg, and height 170.4 ± 5.2 cm) of the Australian Institute of Sport Road Cycling squads participated in the study. The men competed in the 6-d Tour Down Under (Adelaide, Australia), and the women, in the 10-d Tour De L’Aude (Aude, France). Body mass was recorded before and immediately after the race. Cyclists recalled the number of water bottles and amount of food they had consumed.Results:Men and women recorded body-mass losses of ~2 kg (2.8% body mass) and 1.5 kg (2.6% body mass), respectively, per stage during the long road races. Men had an average fluid intake of 1.0 L/h, whereas women only consumed on average 0.4 L/h. In addition, men consumed CHO at the rate suggested by dietitians (average CHO intake of 48 g/h), but again the women failed to reach recommendations, with an average intake of ~21 g/h during a road stage.Conclusions:Men appeared to drink and eat during racing in accordance with current nutritional recommendations, but women failed to reach these guidelines. Both men and women finished their races with a body-mass loss of ~2.6% to 2.8%. Further research is required to determine the impact of this loss on road-cycling performance and thermoregulation.

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Mirtschin, Joanne G., Sara F. Forbes, Louise E. Cato, Ida A. Heikura, Nicki Strobel, Rebecca Hall, and Louise M. Burke. "Organization of Dietary Control for Nutrition-Training Intervention Involving Periodized Carbohydrate Availability and Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 28, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0249.

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The authors describe the implementation of a 3-week dietary intervention in elite race walkers at the Australian Institute of Sport, with a focus on the resources and strategies needed to accomplish a complex study of this scale. Interventions involved: traditional guidelines of high carbohydrate (CHO) availability for all training sessions; a periodized CHO diet which integrated sessions with low and high CHO availability within the same total CHO intake; and a ketogenic low-CHO high-fat diet. Seven-day menus and recipes were constructed for a communal eating setting to meet nutritional goals as well as individualized food preferences and special needs. Menus also included nutrition support before, during, and after exercise. Daily monitoring, via observation and food checklists, showed that energy and macronutrient targets were achieved. Diets were matched for energy (∼14.8 MJ/d) and protein (∼2.1 g·kg−1·day−1) and achieved desired differences for fat and CHO, with high CHO availability and periodized CHO availability: CHO = 8.5 g·kg−1·day−1, 60% energy, fat = 20% of energy and low-CHO high-fat diet: 0.5 g·kg−1·day−1 CHO, fat = 78% energy. There were no differences in micronutrient intake or density between the high CHO availability and periodized CHO availability diets; however, the micronutrient density of the low-CHO high-fat diet was significantly lower. Daily food costs per athlete were similar for each diet (∼AU$ 27 ± 10). Successful implementation and monitoring of dietary interventions in sports nutrition research of the scale of the present study require meticulous planning and the expertise of chefs and sports dietitians. Different approaches to sports nutrition support raise practical challenges around cost, micronutrient density, accommodation of special needs, and sustainability.

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Tor, Elaine, David L. Pease, and Kevin A. Ball. "The Reliability of an Instrumented Start Block Analysis System." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 1 (February 2015): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0155.

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The swimming start is highly influential to overall competition performance. Therefore, it is paramount to develop reliable methods to perform accurate biomechanical analysis of start performance for training and research. The Wetplate Analysis System is a custom-made force plate system developed by the Australian Institute of Sport—Aquatic Testing, Training and Research Unit (AIS ATTRU). This sophisticated system combines both force data and 2D digitization to measure a number of kinetic and kinematic parameter values in an attempt to evaluate start performance. Fourteen elite swimmers performed two maximal effort dives (performance was defined as time from start signal to 15 m) over two separate testing sessions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine each parameter’s reliability. The kinetic parameters all had ICC greater than 0.9 except the time of peak vertical force (0.742). This may have been due to variations in movement initiation after the starting signal between trials. The kinematic and time parameters also had ICC greater than 0.9 apart from for the time of maximum depth (0.719). This parameter was lower due to the swimmers varying their depth between trials. Based on the high ICC scores for all parameters, the Wetplate Analysis System is suitable for biomechanical analysis of swimming starts.

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Tian, Guo-Liang, Da Ju, Kam Chuen Yuen, and Chi Zhang. "New expectation–maximization-type algorithms via stochastic representation for the analysis of truncated normal data with applications in biomedicine." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 27, no. 8 (December 13, 2016): 2459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280216681598.

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To analyze univariate truncated normal data, in this paper, we stochastically represent the normal random variable as a mixture of a truncated normal random variable and its complementary random variable. This stochastic representation is a new idea and it is the first time to appear in literature. According to this stochastic representation, we derive important distributional properties for the truncated normal distribution and develop two new expectation–maximization algorithms to calculate the maximum likelihood estimates of parameters of interest for Type I data (without and with covariates) and Type II/III data. Bootstrap confidence intervals of parameters for small sample sizes are provided. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methods for the truncated normal distribution, in simulation studies, we first focus on the comparison of estimation results between including the unobserved data counts and excluding the unobserved data counts, and we next investigate the impact of the number of unobserved data on the estimation results. The plasma ferritin concentration data collected by Australian Institute of Sport and the blood fat content data are used to illustrate the proposed methods and to compare the truncated normal distribution with the half normal, the folded normal, and the folded normal slash distributions based on Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion.

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Burke, Louise M., David B. Pyne, and Richard D. Telford. "Effect of Oral Creatine Supplementation on Single-Effort Sprint Performance in Elite Swimmers." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 6, no. 3 (September 1996): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.3.222.

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Oral supplementation with creatine monohydrate (Cr.0) has been reported to increase muscle creatine phosphate levels. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of such supplementation on performance of a single-effort sprint by elite swimmers. Thirty-two elite swimmers (M = 18, F = 14; age = 17-25 years) from the Australian Institute of Sport were tested on two occasions, 1 week apart. Tests performed were 25-m, 50-m, and 100-m maximal effort sprints (electronically timed with dive start, swimmers performing their best stroke), each with approximately 10 min active recovery. A 10-s maximal leg ergometry test was also undertaken. Swimmers were divided into two groups matched for sex, stroke/event, and sprint time over 50 m, and groups were randomly assigned to 5 days of Cr.0 supplementation (4 · day−1x 5 g Cr.0 + 2 g sucrose,n= 16) or placebo (4 · day−1x 5 g Poly cose + -2 g sucrose,n= 16) prior to the second trial. Results revealed no significant differences between the group means for sprint times or between 10-s maximal leg ergometry power and work. This study does not support the hypothesis that creatine supplementation enhances single-effort sprint ability of elite swimmers.

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Estevan Navarro, Pedro, Isabel Sospedra, Alejandro Perales, Cristina González-Díaz, Rubén Jiménez-Alfageme, Sonia Medina, Angel Gil-Izquierdo, and José Miguel Martínez-Sanz. "Caffeine Health Claims on Sports Supplement Labeling. Analytical Assessment According to EFSA Scientific Opinion and International Evidence and Criteria." Molecules 26, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072095.

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Caffeine is a food supplement widely consumed by athletes, but it has not been established. So far, the veracity of their labeling in terms of the dosage and cause/effect relationship aimed at the consumer. The aim is to analyze the health claims and the dosage presented on the labeling of caffeine supplements and to evaluate if they follow the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and international criteria. A descriptive cross-sectional study of a sample of caffeine supplements was carried out. The search was done through the Amazon and Google Shopping web portals. In order to assess the adequacy of the health claims, the guidelines of reference established by European Food Safety Authority were compared to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Olympic Committee, and Australian Institute of Sport guidelines; in addition, recent systematic reviews were addressed. A review of labels of 42 caffeine supplements showed that, in less than 3% of the products were the health claims supported by the recommendations and by the labeled quantity of caffeine. The claims that fully complied the recommendations were, “improves or increases endurance performance”, “improves strength performance”, or “improves short-term performance”. In most cases, the recommended dosage was 200 mg/day for these products, which is the minimum for the caffeine effects to be declared. The rest of the health claims were not adequate or need to be modified. Most of the health claims identified indicated an unproven cause and effect, which constitutes consumer fraud, and so must be modified or eliminated.

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34

Allen, Bridget, Karla Canuto, John Robert Evans, Ebony Lewis, Josephine Gwynn, Kylie Radford, Kim Delbaere, et al. "Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity and Sport Participation Experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Adults: A Mixed Method Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 9893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189893.

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Physical activity has cultural significance and population health benefits. However, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults may experience challenges in participating in physical activity. This mixed methods systematic review aimed to synthetize existing evidence on facilitators and barriers for physical activity participation experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults in Australia. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was used. A systematic search was undertaken of 11 databases and 14 grey literature websites during 2020. The included studies reported physical activity facilitators and barriers experienced by Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander participants aged 18+ years, living in the community. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-two facilitators were identified: 23 individual, 18 interpersonal, 8 community/environmental and 13 policy/program facilitators. Additionally, 63 barriers were identified: 21 individual, 17 interpersonal, 15 community/environmental and 10 policy/program barriers. Prominent facilitators included support from family, friends, and program staff, and opportunities to connect with community or culture. Prominent barriers included a lack of transport, financial constraints, lack of time, and competing work, family or cultural commitments. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults experience multiple facilitators and barriers to physical activity participation. Strategies to increase participation should seek to enhance facilitators and address barriers, collaboratively with communities, with consideration to the local context.

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35

Dorsch, Travis E., and Nicole D. Bolter. "Institute for Sport Coaching." International Sport Coaching Journal 3, no. 2 (May 2016): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2016-0030.

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36

Maclean, Malcolm. "Indigenous Sport, Race Relations and Australian Sport." Sport in History 36, no. 3 (October 14, 2015): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2015.1093388.

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Burford, Michele. "Australian Rivers Institute." Impact 2017, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2017.1.83.

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38

Collins, Mike. "Book Review: Australian Sport: Better by Design? The Evolution of Australian Sport Policy." European Physical Education Review 12, no. 2 (June 2006): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x06065182.

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39

Stapleford, Roger. "Royal Australian Chemical Institute." Chemistry - An Asian Journal 6, no. 11 (September 2, 2011): 2856–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.201100658.

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40

Smith, K. H. "Australian Institute of Cartographers." Cartography 16, sup1 (August 1987): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00690805.1987.10438369.

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41

Polley, Martin. "Review: Sport in Australian Drama." Literature & History 3, no. 1 (March 1994): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030619739400300136.

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42

Umphlett, Wiley Lee. "Sport in Australian Drama.Richard Fotheringham." American Journal of Sociology 98, no. 4 (January 1993): 974–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/230124.

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43

Zakus, Dwight, James Skinner, and Allan Edwards. "Social capital in Australian sport." Sport in Society 12, no. 7 (September 2009): 986–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430430903053224.

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44

Mandle, Bill. "Sport in Australian History (review)." Victorian Studies 42, no. 2 (1999): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vic.2000.0020.

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45

Docker, John. "Review: Sport in Australian Drama." Media Information Australia 65, no. 1 (August 1992): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9206500120.

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Stewart, Bob, Matthew Nicholson, Aaron Smith, and Hans Westerbeek,. "Chapter 1 - Sport and Australian society." Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games 1, no. 48 (January 2012): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203462928_chapter_1.

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Stewart, Bob, and Aaron Smith. "Australian sport in a postmodern age." International Journal of the History of Sport 17, no. 2-3 (June 2000): 278–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360008714137.

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48

McKay, Jim, and David Rowe. "Ideology, the Media, and Australian Sport." Sociology of Sport Journal 4, no. 3 (September 1987): 258–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.4.3.258.

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In this paper the ideological relationships between the media and Australian sport are examined from a critical perspective. After outlining the contributions of political economy, structuralism, and cultural studies to the critical paradigm, we argue that the Australian media have two main ideological effects. First, they legitimate masculine hegemony, capitalist rationality, consensus, and militaristic nationalism. Second, they marginalize, trivialize, and fragment alternative ideologies of sport. We conclude by suggesting some worthwhile topics for future research and by affirming that politicizing media representations of sport is an important part of the counter-hegemonic struggle in patriarchal capitalist societies.

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Shaw, Sally. "Australian sport. Antipodean waves of change." Sport, Education and Society 17, no. 1 (October 26, 2011): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2011.625731.

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Dabscheck, Braham. "The Oxford Companion to Australian Sport." Canadian Journal of History of Sport 24, no. 2 (December 1993): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cjhs.24.2.94.

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