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Journal articles on the topic 'Australian history'
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1
Tsokhas, Kosmas. "Dedominionization: the Anglo-Australian experience, 1939–1945." Historical Journal 37, no. 4 (December 1994): 861–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00015120.
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ABSTRACTThe role of decolonization in the decline of the British empire has received a great deal of attention. In comparison there has been little research or analysis of the process of dedominionization affecting Australia and the other dominions. During the Second World War economic ties were seriously weakened and there were substantial conflicts over economic policy between the British and Australian governments. Australia refused to reduce imports in order to conserve foreign exchange, thus contributing to the United Kingdom's debt burden. The Australian government insisted that the British guarantee Australia's sterling balances and refused to adopt the stringent fiscal policies requested by the Bank of England and the British treasury. Australia also took the opportunity to expand domestic manufacturing industry at the expense of British manufacturers. Economic separation and conflict were complemented by political and strategic differences. In particular, the Australian government realized that British military priorities made it impossible for the United Kingdom to defend Australia. This led the Australians towards a policy of cooperating with the British embargo on Japan, only to the extent that this would be unlikely to provoke Japanese military retaliation. In general, the Australians preferred a policy of compromise in the Far East to one of deterrence preferred by the British.
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Curthoys, Ann. "Australian History Beyond Australia." History Australia 12, no. 1 (January 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2015.11668553.
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Steward, Alistair. "Seeing the Trees and the Forest: Attending to Australian Natural History as if it Mattered." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 22, no. 2 (2006): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001403.
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AbstractDiscourse in the Australian Journal of Environmental Education of the last ten years has not addressed a pedagogy that draws on and reflects the natural history of the continent. Australia is an ecological and species diverse country that has experienced substantial environmental change as a consequence of European settlement. Australians have historically been, and increasingly are, urban people. With high rates of urban residency in a substantially modified landscape, what role might environmental education play in assisting Australians to develop understandings of the natural history of specific Australian places? While Australia has a rich history of people observing, comparing and recording the natural history of the continent, environmental education discourse in this journal has not addressed how pedagogy might be informed by a focus on natural history. This paper draws attention to this gap in Australian environmental education discourse and offers some thoughts and ideas for a pedagogy based on the natural history of specific places.
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Koerner, Catherine. "Learning the past to participate in the future." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v6i2.101.
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Indigenous curricula content, including particular narratives of Australian colonial history are highly contested in contemporary Australia. How do white Australians understand Australia’s colonial past and its relevance today? An empirical study was conducted with 29 rural Australians who self-identified as white. Critical race and whiteness studies provided the framework for analysis of the interviews. I argue that they revealed a delimited understanding of colonial history and a general inability to link this to the present, which limited their capacity to think crossculturally in their everyday living - activities considered crucial in the contemporary move to Reconciliation in Australia. The normative discourse of white settler Australians to be ‘Australian’ is invested in the denial of Indigenous sovereignty to protect white settler Australian claims to national sovereignty. The findings support arguments for a national curriculum that incorporates Indigenous history as well as an Indigenous presence throughout all subject areas.
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Mackinlay, Elizabeth, and Katelyn Barney. "Introduction." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 41, no. 1 (August 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2012.2.
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Indigenous Australian studies, also called Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander studies, is an expanding discipline in universities across Australia (Nakata, 2004). As a discipline in its own right, Indigenous Australian studies plays an important role in teaching students about Australia's colonial history and benefits both non-Indigenous and Indigenous students by teaching them about Australia's rich and shared cultural heritage (Craven, 1999, pp. 23–25). Such teaching and learning seeks to actively discuss and deconstruct historical and contemporary entanglements between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians and, in doing so, help build better working relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. As educators in this discipline, it is important for us to find pedagogical approaches which make space for these topics to be accessed, understood, discussed and engaged with in meaningful ways.
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Lightfoot, Diane. "The history of Public Health Diagnostic Microbiology in Australia: early days until 1990." Microbiology Australia 38, no. 4 (2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma17056.
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The arrival of the First Fleet in Port Jackson in 1788, and the subsequent establishment of the colony of NSW began the history of the Australian public health system. Prior to Federation each state dealt with their own public health issues and much of the microbiological analysis was performed in the early hospitals and medical school departments of universities. Today, as there is no central Laboratory for the Commonwealth of Australia, each Australian state is responsible for the microbiological testing relevant to public health. However, because of various Commonwealth of Australia Department of Health initiatives, the Australian Government Department of Health is responsible for the overall public health of Australians.
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Chan, Henry. "The Identity of the Chinese in Australian History." Queensland Review 6, no. 2 (November 1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001100.
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Theorising about identity has become fashionable. During 1999 alone several conferences and seminars were dedicated to identities in Australia: “Alter/Asians: Exploring Asian/Australian Identities, Cultures and Politics in an Age of Crisis” held in Sydney in February, the one-day conference “Cultural Passports” on the concept and representations of “home” held at the University of Sydney in June, and “Asian-Australian Identities: The Asian Diaspora in Australia” at the Australian National University in September. To me as a Chinese who had his childhood and education in New Zealand this concern with identity is not exceptional: I remain a keen reader of New Zealand fiction and poetry in which Pakeha New Zealanders have agonised and problematised their search for identity as an island people living among an aggressive indigenous population and in an insecure dependent economy. New Zealand identity has always been problematised as has Chinese identity: what does it mean to be Chinese? Now Asian identity has become the current issue: “We're not Asians” was the title of the paper by Lily Kong on identity among Singaporean students in Australia. White Australians appear much more content and complacent with their identity and do not indulge as much in navel gazing. And yet it may be that it is the “Australian identity” that needs to be challenged and contested so that it becomes less an exclusively WASP-ish male mateship and more inclusive of women, Aborigines and Asians.
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Maroske, Sara, Libby Robin, and Gavan McCarthy. "Building the History of Australian Science: Five Projects of Professor R.W. Home (1980–present)." Historical Records of Australian Science 28, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr16018.
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R. W. Home was appointed the first and, up to 2016, the only Professor of History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) at the University of Melbourne. A pioneering researcher in the history of Australian science, Rod believes in both the importance and universality of scientific knowledge, which has led him to focus on the international dimensions of Australian science, and on a widespread dissemination of its history. This background has shaped five major projects Rod has overseen or fostered: the Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science (a monograph series), Historical Records of Australian Science (a journal), the Australian Science Archives Project (now a cultural informatics research centre), the Australian Encyclopedia of Science (a web resource), and the Correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller Project (an archive, series of publications and a forthcoming web resource). In this review, we outline the development of these projects (all still active), and reflect on their success in collecting, producing and communicating the history of science in Australia.
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Clark, Anna. "Talking About History: A Case for Oral Historiography." Public History Review 17 (December 22, 2010): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v17i0.1792.
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The history wars are far from over—the question is, do they resonate beyond the limited public sphere in which they play out? What do Australians think of their history in light of these politicised historical debates? By way of answer, this paper examines the enduring public contest over the past and then investigates more elusive, but no less significant, everyday conversations about Australian history around the country. By proposing a method of ‘oral historiography’ to gauge contemporary historical understandings in Australia, it brings a critical new perspective to these ongoing debates. It offers ordinary people a chance to contribute to national discussions about Australian history and it challenges some of the more simplistic and troubling assumptions of the history wars.
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Colley, Sarah. "Archaeology and education in Australia." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0006631x.
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Aboriginal, Historical and Maritime archaeology have been taught in Australian universities since the 1960s, and archaeology has made major contributions to our understanding of Australia's past. Yet many Australians are still more interested in archaeology overseas than in Australia itself. This partly reflects Australia's history as a former British colony which currently has a minority of indigenous Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, many of whom regard archaeology as yet another colonial imposition which at best is largely irrelevant to their own understanding of their history. Present government policies empower Aboriginal people to veto certain kinds of archaeological research they do not agree with. At minimum this may require archaeologists to engage in what can become protracted consultation, with uncertain outcomes.
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Fraser, Roslyn S. "Your Grandfather Is Wong Tin Lee." Journal of Autoethnography 5, no. 3 (2024): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/joae.2024.5.3.275.
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In this autoethnography, the author uses racial formation theory to contextualize her family experiences and the life story told to her by her grandmother. In an effort to clarify some aspects of family history after her grandmother passed away, the author searched Australian archival records looking for new information and accidentally uncovered a family secret. Specifically, their ancestors were neither upper class nor were they all white Europeans; the family story in Australia actually begins with an interracial marriage between a man from Canton, China, and a white woman born into extreme poverty. Moreover, two generations of children in this multiracial family had been removed from their parents and placed in institutions and foster families. The family history presented here challenges assumptions about what it means to be Australian and who was living in the Australian colonies at the time of Australian Federation. White Australia is explored as both an immigration policy and as a racial project that shaped the lives of non-whites living in Australia, including that of Chinese and multiracial Australians like the author’s maternal ancestors.
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MURPHY, KATE. "‘The modern idea is to bring the country into the city’: Australian Urban Reformers and the Ideal of Rurality, 1900–1918*." Rural History 20, no. 1 (April 2009): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793308002616.
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AbstractIn the early twentieth century, Australians strove to create a rural civilisation through state legislation to encourage rural closer settlement. The fantasy that Australia might one day support a rural population of perhaps hundreds of millions endured despite the overwhelmingly urbanised character of the nation and the harsh realities of its environment. This rural dream was present not merely in the discourse surrounding the rural settlement imperative, but also inflected the language and modes of urban reform, as planners sought to ‘ruralise’ the urban environment to reflect something distinctive about Australian life. Previous scholarship addressing the rural ideal in Australian history, as well as urban history, has failed to interrogate these links. This article illuminates the power and ideological reach of rurality in the Australian nation-building project and pushes the boundaries of ‘rural history’ by considering the ways in which reformers sought to extend a projected Australian ‘rural civilisation’ into the cities.
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Kabir, Nahid Afrose. "Australian Muslim Citizens." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 5, no. 2 (September 27, 2020): 4–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v5i2.273.
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Muslims have a long history in Australia. In 2016, Muslims formed 2.6 per cent of the total Australian population. In this article, I will discuss Australian Muslims’ citizenship in two time periods, 2006–2018 and 2020. In the first period, I will examine Australian Muslims’ identity and sense of belonging, and whether their race or culture have any impact on their Australian citizenship. I will also discuss the political rhetoric concerning Australian Muslims. In the second period, 2020, I will examine Australian Muslims’ placement as returned travellers during the COVID-19 period. I conclude that, from 2006 to 2018, Islamophobia was rampant in “othering” many Australian Muslims. And in 2020 the Australian government has adopted a policy of inclusion by repatriating its citizens (both Muslims and non-Muslims), but with the COVID-19 crisis, a new dimension of discrimination has been added onto ethnic minorities – in this case Bangladeshi Australians who are mostly Muslims. They are now looked upon as the “other quarantined” or “detained Australian citizens”.
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Hassall, Linda. "Performance and the politics of distance: Exploring the psychology of identity and culture in politicized Australian performance landscapes." Applied Theatre Research 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/atr_00015_1.
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Abstract The politics of distance in Australia has shaped our history and informed the psychological landscape of Australian cultural identity since settlement and colonization. Distance is a subjective space for Australians, and as a result the national subjectivity can cause significant problems for immigrants, asylum seekers, refugees and exiles from 'other' homelands who experience a disjunction of place and culture, and seek sanctuary. Drawing on current post-colonial Australian anxieties, this research investigates Australian concepts of distance alongside what has become a politically contested Australian racial and cultural agenda. Analysing these issues through the lens of Australian Gothic drama, the article also integrates examples from Hassall's performance research, Salvation (2013), to support the discussion.
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Latypov, B. N. "HISTORY OF THE FORMATION AUSTRALIAN ENCYCLOPAEDIA." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 02, no. 06 (June 28, 2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2021-05-02-83-90.
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This article is about the history of the origin and the period of preparation of the Australian encyclopaedia at the beginning of the XX century. The study based on various sources are attempt to explore the many years of experience of Australian encyclopedists in creating Australian encyclopaedia. During the study it was analyzed data of preparation the first and second editions. Under review of the first edition it was shown the editors job of Arthur Wilberforce Jose and Herbert James Carter. This study explored the experience of encyclopaedia and it was revealed that compilers of encyclopaedia paid special consideration to the choice criteria of biographies and dominating value were Australian origin, and also compilers showed that the Australian nation to be seen as being closely bound to nature. As a result of the conducted research it was shown the main sections of encyclopaedia, number of author’s articles and illustrations. Here are some examples of interesting articles about «drama», «pigs», «music», and «bread», which reflects the essence of the people of Australia. It was studied the labor activity of the second edition encyclopaedia’s editor in chief, Alec Chisholm, also revealed and reviewed the article «aborigines» which was widely acclaimed as the best ever published on the second edition. It is concluded that the formation of the Australian encyclopaedia associated with the emergence of statehood in the Commonwealth of Australia. The birth of a nation and the adoption of the Constitution led to the idea of creating a national Australian encyclopaedia.
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Davis, Alexander E., and James Blackwell. "Decolonising Australia's International Relations? A Critical Introduction." Australian Journal of Politics & History 69, no. 3 (September 2023): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12947.
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Australia's international relations (IR) discipline has a deep colonial history, but has never been through a conscious process of decolonisation. Although discussions of decolonising IR have taken place elsewhere, the discussion in Australia is in its infancy. This collection examines the possibilities for decolonising Australia's IR in the present moment, looking at its teaching practice, its research, its styles of analysis, and its relationship with Australian foreign policy. We consider what is particular to Australia's settler colonial context, what is achievable, and what is not. The collection also seeks to develop a new style of anti‐colonial foreign policy analysis in Australia, looking at the relationship between colonisation, settlement, and foreign policy. In this introduction, we first look over debates on decolonisation elsewhere in the field. We then examine the historical background of Australia's IR discipline, and look at Australian Indigenous diplomacy, to consider what is specific to Australia's context. We conclude by looking over the contributions of the papers in this collection, and consider what a decolonised Australian IR might look like. Ultimately, we argue that any process of decolonisation will be extremely difficult, and that decolonisation in Australian IR should be perceived as an ongoing struggle, rather than an endpoint in itself.
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Benvenuti, Andrea, and David Martin Jones. "Engaging Southeast Asia? Labor's Regional Mythology and Australia's Military Withdrawal from Singapore and Malaysia, 1972–1973." Journal of Cold War Studies 12, no. 4 (October 2010): 32–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00047.
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This article draws on previously classified Australian and British archival material to reevaluate Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam's foreign policy. The article focuses on the Whitlam government's decision in 1973 to withdraw Australian forces from Malaysia and Singapore—a decision that constitutes a neglected but defining episode in the evolution of Australian postwar diplomacy. An analysis of this decision reveals the limits of Whitlam's attempt to redefine the conduct of Australian foreign policy from 1972 to 1975, a policy he saw as too heavily influenced by the Cold War. Focusing on Whitlam's approach to the Five Power Defence Arrangement, this article contends that far from being an adroit and skillful architect of Australian engagement with Asia, Whitlam irritated Australia's regional allies and complicated Australia's relations with its immediate neighbors. Australia's subsequent adjustment to its neighborhood was not the success story implied in the general histories of Australian diplomacy. Whitlam's policy toward Southeast Asia, far from being a “watershed” in foreign relations, as often assumed, left Australia increasingly isolated from its region and more reliant on its chief Cold War ally, the United States.
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Phan, Robert, David Hunter-Smith, and Warren Rozen. "The contribution of Australian research to Dupuytren’s disease." Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery 3, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v3n1.151.
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Introduction: While the history and epidemiology of Dupuytren's disease (DD) is well documented, its aetiology and risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment to this day are still being studied. This paper explores and summarises the significant contributions Australian researchers have made to the understanding of DD and its treatment methodologies.
Methods: We performed a systematic search on EMBASE from 1947 until March 2019 to identify all English literature using keywords: ‘Dupuytren/Dupuytrens/Dupuytren’s disease’ and ‘Australia/Australian/Australasian’. Relevant articles were also identified through bibliographic links. A separate search was conducted using Google Scholar, Research Gate and PubMed using the same keywords. In total, 40 articles were identified. A library search was also conducted, with one book identified with an Australian author. The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Journal of Surgery was also analysed for published abstracts pertaining to DD from conference presentations between 2014 to 2019.
Results and discussion: We present a narrative discussion of Australian research that has contributed to the understanding of DD from its aetiology to treatment methodologies.
Conclusion: Numerous Australians have made significant contributions to the understanding of DD, its pathogenesis, development and multiple treatment modalities, both non-surgical and surgical. Dupuytren’s disease is a progressive disease that reoccurs despite our best efforts and will continue to be a topic of focus for some time to come.
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Lydon, Jane. "An Australian Politics of Indistinction: Making Refugees Visible." New Formations 106, no. 106 (August 24, 2022): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:106.06.2022.
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In this article I examine how the competing positions and claims of Australian citizens, First Nations people and refugees are negotiated visually in the global public sphere. Australian perspectives on struggles over citizenship and semi-porous borders must be understood within a history of nation-building, regional relations and the ideology of Whiteness. How does visual culture constitute categories of inclusion and exclusion? Visual strategies that define and contest the place of Indigenous Australians, as well as refugees seeking to come to Australia have been criticised for depicting their subjects as abject victims who lack agency or history, or simply rendering them invisible. Some have been critical of the visual discourse of spectacular violence that has been created and promoted by the Australian government in its pursuit of policies of 'deterrence'. Seeking to challenge this regime of erasure and de-humanisation, activists have adopted a range of innovative visual tactics, including self-representation by refugees themselves. Tactics of humanisation, such as depicting the love of a mother for her child, draw figures such as asylum seekers into the civil sphere. The extraordinary story of Iranian-Kurdish refugee and journalist Behrouz Boochani traces the emergence of a new humanitarian icon, rising from the invisibility shield of Australia's official border protection regime. I examine the extent to which these strategies shape debates around migration and refugees, and mediate between the historically powerful principles of Australian exclusion and the legitimate claims of refugees.
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Stanton, Sophie. "Contemporary History: First Nation Australian Representations in Nanberry: Black Brother White." Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/pecl2018vol26no1art1089.
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Representations of First Nation Australian and Torres Strait Islanders (First Nation Australians) in children’s literature have gone through many changes since the first literature for children published in the late 1800s. These representations often conformed to and perpetuated negative stereotypes that have changed with the social and political landscape. Given the degree of cultural investment in children’s and young adult literature it is important to work towards a landscape in which negative stereotypes give way to representations reflecting deeper inter-cultural understandings. In this context, the analysis of contemporary texts representing First Nation Australians has an important role to play.
This paper analyses Nanberry: black brother white by Jackie French, published in 2011. Nanberry is of interest as it is a contemporary, critically-acclaimed young adult novel. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the representations of the First Nation Australian characters in the novel with reference to analytical frameworks put forward by Bradford (2001) and Lucashenko (2000/2009).
Nanberry introduces alternative narratives about the colonisation of Australia and its impacts by using artistic licence, by the adoption of First Nation Australian perspectives and also the perspectives of other historical figures of whom little to no primary evidence of their lives survives to the present day. Nanberry balances historical research with artistic licence and has an implied young, modern day readership. The intersection of these three factors, has resulted in conflict and incongruities between the characters, the plot and even the cover image. This paper argues that these incongruities and conflicts are highly problematic in relation to the representation of First Nation Australian experience.
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Robin, Libby, Steve Morton, and Mike Smith. "Writing a History of Scientific Endeavour in Australia’s Deserts." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14011.
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This special issue of Historical Records of Australian Science explores some of the sciences that have contributed to our understanding of inland Australia, country variously known as desert, the arid zone, drylands and the outback. The sciences that have concentrated on deserts include ecology, geomorphology, hydrology, rangeland management, geography, surveying, meteorology and geology, plus many others. In recognition that desert science has surged ahead in the past few decades, we have invited contributors who describe various different desert initiatives. We use these case studies to open up the discussion about how Australians see their desert lands, how this has changed over time and how desert scientists from the rest of the world regard the distinctive desert country in Australia.
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Meek, Paul D., Guy-Anthony Ballard, Karl Vernes, and Peter J. S. Fleming. "The history of wildlife camera trapping as a survey tool in Australia." Australian Mammalogy 37, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am14021.
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This paper provides an historical review of the technological evolution of camera trapping as a zoological survey tool in Australia. Camera trapping in Australia began in the 1950s when purpose-built remotely placed cameras were used in attempts to rediscover the thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus). However, camera traps did not appear in Australian research papers and Australasian conference proceedings until 1989–91, and usage became common only after 2008, with an exponential increase in usage since 2010. Initially, Australian publications under-reported camera trapping methods, often failing to provide fundamental details about deployment and use. However, rigour in reporting of key methods has increased during the recent widespread adoption of camera trapping. Our analysis also reveals a change in camera trap use in Australia, from simple presence–absence studies, to more theoretical and experimental approaches related to population ecology, behavioural ecology, conservation biology and wildlife management. Practitioners require further research to refine and standardise camera trap methods to ensure that unbiased and scientifically rigorous data are obtained from quantitative research. The recent change in emphasis of camera trapping research use is reflected in the decreasing range of camera trap models being used in Australian research. Practitioners are moving away from less effective models that have slow reaction times between detection and image capture, and inherent bias in detectability of fauna, to more expensive brands that offer faster speeds, greater functionality and more reliability.
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Anderson, Fay. "Chasing the Pictures: Press and Magazine Photography." Media International Australia 150, no. 1 (February 2014): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415000112.
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For over a century, press and magazine photography has influenced how Australians have viewed society, and played a critical role in Australia's evolving national identity. Despite its importance and longevity, the historiography of Australian news photography is surprising limited. This article examines the history of press and magazine photography and considers its genesis, the transformative technological innovations, debates about images of violence, the industrial attitudes towards photographers and their treatment, the use of photographs and the seismic recent changes. The article argues that while the United States and United Kingdom influenced the trajectory of press and news photography in Australia, there are significant and illuminating differences.
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Stewart, Alistair. "Becoming-Speckled Warbler: Re/creating Australian Natural History Pedagogy." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 27, no. 1 (2011): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000082.
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AbstractThe speckled warbler and other woodland birds of south-eastern Australia have declined dramatically since European settlement; many species are at risk of becoming locally and/or nationally extinct. Coincidently, Australian environmental education research of the last decade has largely been silent on the development of pedagogy that refects the natural history of this continent (Stewart, 2006). The current circumstances that face the speckled warbler, I argue, is emblematic of both the state of woodland birds of south-eastern Australia, and the condition of natural history pedagogy within Australian environmental education research. In this paper I employ Deleuze and Guattari's (1987) philosophy “becoming-animal” to explore ways that the life and circumstances of the speckled warbler might inform natural history focused Australian environmental education research. The epistemology and ontology ofbecoming-speckled warbleroffers a basis to reconsider and strengthen links between Australian natural history pedagogy and notions of sustainability.
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Brawley, Sean, and Chris Dixon. "Jim Crow Downunder? African American Encounters with White Australia, 1942––1945." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 607–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.4.607.
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Between 1941 and 1945, as the U.S. military machine sent millions of Americans——and American culture——around the world, several thousand African Americans spent time in Australia. Armed with little knowledge of Australian racial values and practices, black Americans encoutered a nation whose long-standing commitment to the principle of "White Australia" appeared to rest comfortably with the segregative policies commonly associated with the American South. Nonetheless, while African Americans did encounter racism and discrimination——practices often encouraged by the white Americans who were also stationed in Australia during the war——there is compelling evidence that their experiences were not always negative. Indeed, for many black Americans, Australians' apparent open-mindedness and racial views of white Britons and others with whom African Americans came into contact during the war. Making use of U.S. Army censors' reports and paying attention to black Americans' views of their experiences in Australia, this article not only casts light on an aspect of American-Australian relations that has hitherto recieved scant scholarly attention and reveals something about the African American experience, but also offers insights into race relations within the U.S. armed forces.
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Barrow, Emma, and Barry Judd. "Whitefellas at the Margins." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v7i2.111.
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Within the context of the Australian higher education sector and the organisational interactions facilitated by a university, the politics of Anglo-Australian identity continues to limit the ability of ‘whitefella’ Australians to engage with Indigenous people in a way that might be said to be truly ethical and self-transformative. Instead, the identity politics of Anglo-Australia, a politics that originates in the old colonial stories of the 19th century, continues to function in a way that marginalises those individuals who choose to engage in a way that goes beyond the organisational rhetoric of government and civil institutions in promoting causes such as reconciliation and ‘closing the gap’. The history of Australian colonialism teaches us that, when a deep and productive engagement between settler and native has occurred, the stability of Anglo-Australian identity is destabilised as the colonial establishment is reminded of Indigenous dispossession and the moral and legal legitimacy of the contemporary Australian state become subject to problematic questions that arise from this fact of Australian history. Framing the contemporary context of change and resistance, the authors discuss the importance of inclusive institutional practice, in the quest for a democratic modelling that points to a pathway for a truer recognition, acceptance and inclusion of Indigenous peoples in the ‘mainstream’ of Australian university life.
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Johns, A. H. "Hopes and Frustrations: Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies in Australia." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 25, no. 2 (December 1991): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400024251.
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Up to 1945 university education in Australia had little sense of engagement with any cultural traditions outside those of Western Europe. It was only in the aftermath of World War II that Australians began to realize that while their nation had powerful allies in Britain and America, nations with whom it had ties of kin and culture, it had on its doorstep in neighboring Southeast Asia and not so distant Northeast Asia, neighbors who might become both friends and close partners in regional associations.These were also the years during which the Australian government decided as a matter of policy to develop postgraduate studies in Australia so that Australians should no longer as a matter of course go to Britain for higher degrees. Both these factors came together in the establishment in 1946 of the Australian National University, an institution with an exclusive mission for post-graduate training. Significantly, among its foundation schools was the Research School of Pacific Studies, which included departments of Pacific History and Far Eastern History.
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Török, Gábor. "Peter Carey’s “Homo Australiensis” in A Long Way from Home." Pázmány Papers – Journal of Languages and Cultures 1, no. 1 (June 13, 2024): 292–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.69706/pp.2023.1.1.17.
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The paper examines Peter Carey’s first book about Indigenous Australians, a topic which he had neglected for decades. Until A Long Way from Home (2017) was written, the two-time Booker Prize winner renowned for portraying Australian identity had yet to confront this crucial matter which he believed was a fundamental issue of the country. Reasons behind this seemingly contradictory and lengthy absence are highlighted along with certain methods with which the author gradually exposes Australia’s shameful past in the treatment of First Nations people. Carey’s approach stays true to his body of work, namely the Aboriginal subject is complemented or intertwined with his portrayal of another layer of Australia’s history: the pan-European heritage of non-Indigenous Australians. But why and in what manner does he integrate European topics into a novel aiming to shed light on the maltreatment and neglect of First Nations Australians? Does this addition not dilute the original aim of paying homage to Indigenous Australia? My paper argues that Carey successfully utilises certain European identity themes to help show the gravity of sins committed against Australian Indigenous people. The author’s modus operandi is to piece together seemingly neglected fragments of the European legacy with First Nations Australia to reveal a unified entity. Via Willie Bachhuber, a character who most Australians can connect or identify with, Carey joins together various Australian identities which may not have been connected beforehand. With this technique Carey helps ensure the novel is about and for all Australians. I believe that A Long Way from Home crowns Peter Carey’s career as fully depicting Australianness without including Aboriginal people has up until now meant a quite incomplete oeuvre. An ultimate Australian character so-far elusive to Carey, a Homo Australiensis has come to life via a pseudo-German-Balt-Hungarian-Australian, who is actually a First Nations Australian with a white biological father.
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WEISSEL, J. K. "The Australian Phanerozoic: Phanerozoic Earth History of Australia." Science 231, no. 4744 (March 21, 1986): 1452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.231.4744.1452-a.
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Mackinnon, Alison. "A History of South Australia / Foundational Fictions in South Australian History." Australian Historical Studies 50, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2019.1633038.
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Jensz, Felicity. "Three Peculiarities of the Southern Australian Moravian Mission Field." Journal of Moravian History 7, no. 1 (2009): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41179859.
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Abstract The nineteenth-century Moravian mission field of Southern Australia has received little attention in Moravian narratives or in contemporary historical analyses. Although it was relatively small in terms of converts, and short-lived in comparison to some other Moravian missionary fields, it had a profound impact on indigenous Australians and the colonial history of Australia. Tins essay provides an analysis of the Southern Australian Moravian mission field by examining three peculiarities of the field: the lack of native literature; the payment of a missionary by another church; and, the "double positions" held by Moravians as both missionaries and as governmental officials. These three peculiarities themselves diverge from the dominant Moravian missionary narrative, and thus, through their analysis, a more complex and nuanced history of this mission field is presented.
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Printina, Brigda Intan, and Veronica Yovita Indaryadi. "Improving Student Reflective Thinking Skills by Using Flipbooks in Australian and Oceanian History Learning." JUPIIS: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL 14, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v14i2.39879.
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Today's Learning Demands Technological Transformation, However, The Practice Of Reflective Thinking Has Become One Of The Learning Traditions And Hallmarks Of Jesuit Education. Learning History Australia & Oceania Has Learning Outcomes, One Of Which Is Opening Up Insights Into New Cultures And Civilization Patterns Of Australian And Island Communities Around The Pacific. Not Only Exploring The Context But Also Being Able To Explore The Paradigm Of Reflective Thinking Of Students As An Analysis Of Solving The Nation's Problems. Students Need To Train Themselves In Reflective Thinking Because It Is Important To Analyse The Context Of Australia's Developmental Events, And Then How To Solve The Problems Of A Dynamic Societal Structure Fighting For Humanity And Well-Being. With Reflective Thinking Exercises In This Course, Students Will Be Accustomed To Analyzing And Synthesizing The Offers Of Solving The Problems Of Nations To Face The Challenges Of Life In This Century. One Of The Learning Tools Used To Explore Students' Reflective Thinking Skills In Australian And Oceania History Lectures Is The Use Of Flipbooks. This Study Aims To Decipher: 1) The Dynamics Of Flipbook-Based Student Reflective Thinking In Australian And Oceania History Learning; 2) The Limitations And Advantages Of Implementing Flipbook-Based Student Reflective Thinking Dynamics In Australian And Oceania History Learning; 3) Evaluation Of Flipbook-Based Student Reflective Thinking Dynamics In Australian And Oceania History Learning. The Method Used Is Qualitative Research With A Case Study Approach. Data Collection Through Observation, Depth Interviews And Literature Studies. Meanwhile, The Benefit Of This Research Is To Explore The Dynamics Of Reflective Thinking Of Students In The Australian History & Oceania Course Based On Flipbook Facilities.
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Martens, Jeremy. "Australian History Now." Australian Historical Studies 45, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2014.946551.
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Spongberg, Mary. "Australian Women's History." Women's History Review 8, no. 2 (June 1999): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029900200206.
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Baird, Barbara. "Australian lesbian history." History Australia 14, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2017.1359071.
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Patmore, Greg. "Australian Labor History." International Labor and Working-Class History 46 (1994): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900010942.
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Ely, Richard, S. L. Goldberg, and F. B. Smith. "Australian Cultural History." Labour History, no. 60 (1991): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509079.
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Sendziuk, Paul. "Australian History Now." Journal of Australian Studies 38, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2014.926796.
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McLaren, Annemarie. "Making Australian History." Australian Historical Studies 54, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2023.2153969.
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Genovese, Ann. "Australian Communist Party of Australia v The Commonwealth: Histories of Australian Legalism." Australian Historical Studies 44, no. 1 (March 2013): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2012.760632.
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Ch’ng, Huck Ying, Kashifa Aslam, Huong Nguyen, and Bradley Smith. "Asian Australian media representation of First Nations sovereignty and constitutional change." Australian Journalism Review 44, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00103_1.
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This study explores levels of interest in and framing of Australian First Nations constitutional reform in minority ethnic media. A keyword search of mainstream English media in Australia and of media targeted at Chinese, Pakistani, Vietnamese and Indonesian Australian communities shows a relatively low level of interest in the publication of and government response to the Uluru Statement in the latter outlets compared to the English media. Framing analysis over an extended timeframe finds some interest in and broad support for Australian First Nations’ calls for constitutional reform in the Asian Australian media, as well as variation and suggestive correlations between framing and audience such as linking First Nations history to experiences of racism and exclusion of Chinese Australians. The study has implications both for any referendum for a First Nations Voice to Parliament and for scholarship on the role of minority ethnic media in the contemporary Australian public sphere.
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Laughren, Pat. "Debating Australian Documentary Production Policy: Some Practitioner Perspectives." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900112.
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On 1 July 2008, Screen Australia commenced operation as the main Australian government agency supporting the screen production industry. This article considers some of the policy issues and challenges identified by the ‘community of practitioners’ as facing Australian documentary production at the time of the formation of that ‘super-agency’ from the merger of its three predecessor organisations — the Australian Film Commission, the Film Finance Corporation and Film Australia. The article proceeds by sketching the history of documentary production in Australia and identifying the bases of its financial and regulatory supports. It also surveys recent debate in the documentary sector and attempts to contextualise the themes of those discussions within the history of the Australian documentary.
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EBACH, MALTE C. "A history of biogeographical regionalisation in Australia." Zootaxa 3392, no. 1 (July 18, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3392.1.1.
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The development of Australian biogeographical regionalisation since 1858 has been driven by colonial 19th-centuryexploration and by the late 20th-century biodiversity crisis. The intervening years reduced existing large scaleregionalisation into smaller taxon specific areas of vegetation or endemism. However, large scale biotic biogeographicalregionalisation was rediscovered during multi-disciplinary meetings and conferences, sparking short-term revivals whichhave ended in constant revisions at smaller and smaller taxonomic scales. In 1995 and 1998, the Interim BiogeographicRegionalisation for Australia and the Integrated Marine and Coastal Regionalisation of Australia, AustralianCommonwealth funded initiatives in order to “identify appropriate regionalisations to assess and plan for the protectionof biological diversity”, have respectively replaced 140 years of Australian biogeographical regionalisation schemes. Thispaper looks at the rise and slow demise of biogeographical regionalisation in Australia in light of a fractured taxonomic biogeographical community.
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Carment, David. "'for their own purpose of identity': Tom Stannage and Australian Local History." Public History Review 20 (December 31, 2013): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v20i0.3478.
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Tom Stannage made a significant contribution to Australian local history and regularly returned to it throughout his career, frequently speaking and writing about the local past and collaborating with the community organisations that promoted it. In the context of Stannage's perspectives, the work of some other historians and the author's experiences, this article briefly reflects on the state of local history in Australia and the role of local historical societies. The focus is on New South Wales and the Northern Territory, the parts of Australia that the author knows best, but some attention is also given to the rest of the country. The article considers why the work of local historians and historical societies matters in understanding the bigger picture of Australian history. The various attempts to tell the stories of individual communities quite frequently by and for local residents themselves encourage speculation on their contributions to the broader process of historical inquiry. Local history is, as Stannnage strongly believed it ought to be, usually a democratic phenomenon and one that allows a diverse range of approaches. The historical societies that survive and develop do so because they are solidly based in their communities. Perhaps even more crucial, the data of the past that local historical societies have often unearthed and recorded help allow Australians to shape what Stannage so aptly described as a 'history for their own purposes of identity'.
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Maiden, John. "The Emergence of Catholic Charismatic Renewal ‘in a Country’: Australia and Transnational Catholic Charismatic Renewal." Studies in World Christianity 25, no. 3 (December 2019): 274–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2019.0268.
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Global Catholic Charismatic Renewal (CCR) has been the subject of few scholarly historical studies. Outside the United States, Australia was one of the main early contexts for its emergence and expansion. This article assesses the historical origins and early development of CCR in Australia from a transnational perspective, exploring the relationships and flows between this country and the American upper Midwest ‘cockpit’ of early CCR – the university cities of South Bend, Indiana, and Ann Arbor, Michigan. These global linkages may be understood as part of a broader ‘drift’ towards US Christianity in Australia after 1945. Such connections were formative for much of Australian CCR in terms of the development of leadership structures and patterns of practice – in particular, the construction of charismatic communities, such as the Emmanuel Covenant Community, Brisbane, Queensland. The dynamics of these transnational relationships, however, also shaped the emergence of a national movement with a distinctively Australian identity and global sensibility. Increasingly during the 1970s Australians themselves became leading actors in CCR worldwide.
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Byrne, Margaret, and Daniel J. Murphy. "The origins and evolutionary history of xerophytic vegetation in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 3 (2020): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt20022.
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The xeromorphic vegetation is a significant component of the Australian flora and phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of xeromorphic plants provides a basis for understanding the origins and evolutionary history of the Australian vegetation. Here we expand on previous reviews of the origins and maintenance of the Australian flora with an emphasis on the xeromorphic component. Phylogenetic evidence supports fossil evidence for evolution of sclerophyll and xeromorphic vegetation from the Eocene with lineages becoming more common in the Oligocene and Miocene, a time of major change in climate and vegetation in Australia. Phylogenetic evidence supports the mesic biome as ancestral to the arid zone biome in Australia in phylogenies of key groups. The diversification and radiation of Australian species shows single origins of xeromorphic group mainly at deeper levels in phylogenies as well as multiple origins of arid occurring species at shallower levels. Divergence across the Nullarbor is also evident and speciation rates in south-western Australia were higher than in the south-east in several plant families. Estimates of timing of diversification generally show either constant rates of diversification or increased diversification from the mid to late Miocene. Phylogeographic studies consistently demonstrate high localised genetic diversity and geographic structure in xeromorphic species occupying both mesic and arid biomes.
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Selleck, Paul. "A brief history of AAHL." Microbiology Australia 41, no. 4 (2020): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma20056.
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The CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) was officially opened on 1 April 1985. After that day the laboratory switched to secure mode and has operated as such ever since. AAHL was constructed to be the primary national diagnostic facility for exotic animal diseases but has expanded its role to become a national and international reference laboratory for many diseases. AAHL has supported disease control within the region by providing training, reagents and proficiency testing, both within Australia and internationally. AAHL’s role has evolved even further to include a focus on one-health which resulted in AAHL being renamed the Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP) in March 2020.
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Gunter, Nicole L., Geoff B. Monteith, Stephen L. Cameron, and Tom A. Weir. "Evidence from Australian mesic zone dung beetles supports their Gondwanan origin and Mesozoic diversification of the Scarabaeinae." Insect Systematics & Evolution 50, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 162–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-00002171.
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The evolution of dung beetles remains contentious with two hypotheses reflecting Cretaceous and Paleogene origins driven by different methods. We explore biogeographic evidence and phylogeographic origins against vicariance and dispersal scenarios that attribute to the four elements of the Australian fauna using a multi-gene approach. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses supported the Australasian clade, composed of almost all Australian, New Caledonian and New Zealand endemic genera (to the exclusion of Boletoscapter). Two Australian lineages with east-west splits and few lineages with restricted, non-overlapping distrbution were identified, and biogeography models provided evidence that vicariance and founder event speciation are important processes in the diversification of Australasian scarabaeines. Our phylogenetic results are largely congruent with a mid-Cretaceous origin of the Australasian clade, the tectonic history of Gondwanaland and climatic history of the Australian continent, and provide compelling evidence that Australian dung beetles are a relictual fauna whose history is linked to mesic zone fragmentation.
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Hill, Robert S., and Gregory J. Jordan. "Deep history of wildfire in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 8 (2016): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16169.
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Australian plant species vary markedly in their fire responses, and the evolutionary histories of the diverse range of traits that lead to fire tolerance and fire dependence almost certainly involves both exaptation and traits that evolved directly in response to fire. The hypothesis that very long-term nutrient poverty in Australian soils led to intense fires explains many of the unusual responses to fire by Australian species, as does near global distribution of evidence for fire during the Cretaceous, possibly driven by high atmospheric oxygen concentration. Recent descriptions of leaf fragments from a Late Cretaceous locality in central Australia have provided the first fossil evidence for ancient and possibly ancestral fire ecology in modern fire-dependent Australian clades, as suggested by some phylogenetic studies. The drying of the Australian climate in the Neogene allowed the rise to dominance of taxa that had their origin in the Late Cretaceous, but had not been prominent in the rainforest-dominated Paleogene. The Neogene climatic evolution meant that fire became an important feature of that environment and fire frequency and intensity began to grow to high levels, and many fire adaptations evolved. However, many plant species were already in place to take advantage of this new fire regime, and even though the original drivers for fire may have changed (possibly from high atmospheric oxygen concentrations, to long, hot, dry periods at different times in different parts of the continent), the adaptations that these species had for fire tolerance meant they could become prominent over much of the Australian continent by the time human colonisation began.
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Jackson, Stephen J. "British History is Their History: Britain and the British Empire in the History Curriculum of Ontario, Canada and Victoria, Australia 1930-1975." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.161.
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This article investigates the evolving conceptions of national identity in Canada and Australia through an analysis of officially sanctioned history textbooks in Ontario, Canada and Victoria, Australia. From the 1930s until the 1950s, Britain and the British Empire served a pivotal role in history textbooks and curricula in both territories. Textbooks generally held that British and imperial history were crucial to the Canadian and Australian national identity. Following the Second World War, textbooks in both Ontario and Victoria began to recognize Britain’s loss of power, and how this changed Australian and Canadian participation in the British Empire/Commonwealth. But rather than advocate for a complete withdrawal from engagement with Britain, authors emphasized the continuing importance of the example of the British Empire and Commonwealth to world affairs. In fact, participation in the Commonwealth was often described as of even more importance as the Dominions could take a more prominent place in imperial affairs. By the 1960s, however, textbook authors in Ontario and Victoria began to change their narratives, de-emphasizing the importance of the British Empire to the Canadian and Australian identity. Crucially, by the late 1960s the new narratives Ontarians and Victorians constructed claimed that the British Empire and national identity were no longer significantly linked. An investigation into these narratives of history will provide a unique window into officially acceptable views on imperialism before and during the era of decolonization.