Relevant bibliographies by topics / Australian Government block grants

Academic literature on the topic 'Australian Government block grants'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Australian Government block grants"

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Yates, J. "Equalisation and Cash Limits: A View from Down Under." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, no. 2 (June 1987): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050137.

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In this paper, the similarities in and differences between the UK and Australian systems of allocating central government grants to local government are used to evaluate the equalisation methodologies employed in each country. In the analytical framework used, fiscal disability is measured vis-à-vis the most advantaged authority. The extent of the horizontal equalisation which occurs is shown to depend on whether this most advantaged authority receives a positive, zero, or negative per capita grant. It is concluded that in the United Kingdom, under the post 1981 unitary block-grant system, a deficiency principle or sequential approach to equalisation has been continued. In Australia, if the recommendations of the 1985 national inquiry are implemented by the local government grants commissions, the equalisation methodology employed by them will imitate the UK approach. It will thus ensure that maximum support is provided to the most disadvantaged authorities, given the constraints imposed on total funds available for equalisation.
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Aarsaether, N. "Institutional Design and Central—Local Strategies: Introducing the New Block Grants System in Norway." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 3 (September 1989): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070301.

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When special grants are replaced by block grants in a central–local financing system, central government steering of the communalized welfare sectors can no longer be based on economic incentives. In this paper the potential for central government control over welfare policies under block-grants conditions is discussed, with particular reference to the change in the Norwegian transfers system. It is argued that, given high ambitions for the welfare state at the central level, a central government may find legislation to be an insufficient means of control, and it may be more likely to search for new types of economic incentives to make the communes perform according to the priorities of the national welfare state. In doing so, however, the central government must find methods of legitimizing a partial return to old practices that do not contradict the principle of block grants.
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BAKHTIARI, SASAN, and ANGELINA BRUNO. "GOVERNMENT COMMERCIALIZATION GRANTS AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE." Singapore Economic Review 65, no. 05 (May 3, 2019): 1271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590819400010.

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Australian government offered a number of commercialization grants to businesses from 2009 to 2014. The grants were to support companies and innovators during the commercialization phase of their products and ideas. Focussing on the small firms that are supported by the program, we find that the grant recipient firms tend to invest in capital and research and development (R&D) in larger amounts than a similar comparison group. These firms also experience a faster growth in turnover and a higher probability of exporting, patenting and registering for trademarks. Overall, the program seems to have had a positive impact on firm productivity and innovation activity.
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Posner, Paul L., and Margaret T. Wrightson. "Block Grants: A Perennial, but Unstable, Tool of Government." CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs 26, no. 3 (1996): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3330622.

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Posner, P. L., and M. T. Wrightson. "Block Grants: A Perennial, But Unstable, Tool of Government." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 26, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a029872.

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Self, P. "Federalism and Australian Local Government: Reflections upon the National Inquiry into Local Government Finance." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, no. 2 (June 1987): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050123.

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In 1984 the Hawke Government appointed a National Inquiry to review the federal revenue-sharing grants for local government introduced eight years previously, and to propose desirable aims and a basis for future federal support. Australian local government is on a small scale and closely under the control of state governments; federal support raises complex issues of intergovernmental relations. In this paper, the wide-ranging Report of Inquiry, and its political outcome, are related to basic issues about federal-state relations and the rationale and extent of federal interventions. In particular, the Australian experience is interesting for its attempts at combining vertical redistribution of revenue with ambitious and detailed equalisation policies, financed at federal level but administered by independent state agencies.
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Nawawi, Ahmad. "The Analysis of Regional Expenditure Responses to Block Grants Transfer from Central Government." Jurnal Anggaran dan Keuangan Negara Indonesia (AKURASI) 3, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33827/akurasi2021.vol3.iss1.art95.

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The implementation of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia is exactly two decades in year 2021, during this time the policies in the field of transfers to regions have developed with a significant increase in the budget. The budget increasing of transfer to regions is expected to increase the region in providing services to the community and increase development. Furthermore, the objectives of fiscal decentralization are to reduce fiscal gaps and encourage regional governments to be more independent. This study aims to determine the response or behavior of regional spending to transfer funds (block grants) from the central government. The research locus are all districts/cities in West Java, Central Java, and East Java Provinces and used a panel data equation, with variables are regional expenditure, general allocation fund (DAU), sharing allocation fund (DBH), and local revenues (PAD). The results showed that the block grant in the form of DAU encouraged an increase in regional spending. Meanwhile, DBH does not cause a flypaper effect. In the future, in order to achieve the region’s independence, the influence of the flypaper effect from the DAU should be minimized, and the exploration of potential regional revenues needs to be optimized.
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Nurkholis, Nurkholis, and Bambang P. S. Brodjonegoro. "Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Perekonomian Antar Daerah : Analisa Model IRIO." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 3, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v3i2.28.

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Regional autonomy program is the form of fiscal decentralization policy in Indonesia, legally started with the law of Regional Government No.22/1999 about de-concentration azas, which imply power or authority sharing and No.25/1999 about decentralization, which imply financial sharing between central and regional government. Financial sharing is tax and natural resources sharing revenue. This financial sharing type can widen fiscal gap between regions. As the solution, the central government gives block grants. Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) model can be used to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization policy on sectoral and regional linkages, multipliers, growth, equalization, and efficiency of the regional economy. The analysis use shock variables of inter-governmental transfer including tax sharing revenue, natural resources revenue and block grants. They are treated as an exogenous variable package by regional government expenditure. The expenditures are in the form of investment and consumption based on IRIO model to analyze the optimality of policy variation. The analysis shows that the optimality of growth, equalization, and economic efficiency will be reached if the allocation of inter-governmental transfer is exactly the same as the potency and linkages between sectors and regions. We find the current formulation of intergovernmental transfer by central government, potent to increase regional disparity. Central government should reformulate division of inter-governmental transfer to avoid fiscal decentralization to be contra productive policy.
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Merrett, David. "Sugar and Copper: Postcolonial Experiences of Australian Multinationals." Business History Review 81, no. 2 (2007): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500003342.

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Between 1973 and 2002, three of Australia's largest multinational companies exited from postcolonial Fiji and Papua New Guinea. Although neither host government wished the companies to leave, the tensions that arose during the course of decolonization made their departure inevitable. Prior to independence, conflicts between Fijians and Indians and decisions about grants of land and mineral rights to foreign firms had been mediated by colonial administrators. After independence, these contentious issues were resolved through domestic political processes. Ultimately, the companies were unable to overcome the limitations of their shared administrative heritage, based on nationalistic chauvinism, that desensitized them to the importance of race relations and communal rights to land within their host countries.
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Silva, C. N. "Local Finance in Portugal: Recent Proposals and Consequences for Urban Management." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 16, no. 4 (August 1998): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c160411.

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Recent changes in the local finance system in Portugal are analysed as is the impact of present government proposals. A brief description of local finance in Portugal reveals a system structured into three main components, showing an increase in local taxes and a relative decrease in grants since 1979. Taxes on immovable property are dominant as are unconditional block grants in state budget transfers. Another characteristic is a clear geographical differentiation in most municipal revenue components. The importance of local government expenditure in relation to total government expenditure is one of the lowest in Europe. The reform in preparation will result in an increase in local government expenditure as a proportion of total public expenditure, the percentage being expected to double to 15%, representing an increase in the overall weight given to local taxes and a diversification of taxes. In the second part of the paper the author discusses the impact this will have on the financing of municipal planning and urbanisation, with the issue of equity a central point.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Australian Government block grants"

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Tackie, Alexander O. "Modelling local government budgetary reactions to central government financial controls." Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238723.

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Wong, Mei-fung Connie. "The impact of lump sum grant funding policy on the human resources management of non-government organizations in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25139745.

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黃美鳳 and Mei-fung Connie Wong. "The impact of lump sum grant funding policy on the human resources management of non-government organizations in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967073.

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Franks, Melvin Eugene. "The effects of consolidation of federal funding programs on schools participating in Chapter 2 of ECIA in Mississippi: an investigative study." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54784.

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The focus of the study was to observe changes brought about by the implementation of Chapter 2 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981 in local jurisdictions of government when the disposition of federal funds were under local control. The study investigated the extent to which the six expressed intentions of Chapter 2, ECIA legislation were realized in 154 local education agencies in the state of Mississippi two years after implementation. Specifically, the six legislative concerns were to: * Reduce the amount of paperwork without reducing the quality of programs, * Equalize the distribution of federal funds without reducing the benefits to specific target populations, * Increase local discretion without diminishing prior program commitments to the original national priorities, * Increase the role of private education without raising the constitutional issue, * Reduce reporting and evaluation requirements without a commensurate loss of accountability, and * Reduce the constraints on SEAs in the planning of federally funded projects and programs without a loss of perceived quality in those programs. Data sources collected for analysis included: a mail survey, interviews with state and local school personnel, and supportive documents from both the state education agency and local school districts. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. From the study it was concluded that, while the goals of Chapter 2, ECIA legislation were admirable, they were replete with unintended consequences. Further, while many of the legislative objectives were met at the national level several of the objectives had differing effects in a state like Mississippi which exerted little SEA influence.
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(13979730), John Strain. "A study of block grants for construction in three schools in Aceh, Indonesia." Thesis, 2010. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/A_study_of_block_grants_for_construction_in_three_schools_in_Aceh_Indonesia/21358401.

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This study examines the impact of conditionality on the outcomes of Australian Government block grants for construction at three schools in Aceh. The study examines the impact of conditions designed to increase transparency, building quality, and also conditions aimed at protecting the environment; namely the condition excluding the use of unsustainably harvested timber.

A case study methodology was used to examine how conditionally affected outcomes across ten indicators of project success. This involved conducting face to face interviews in Aceh, Indonesia, with school heads, block grant committee heads, parent teacher committee heads, government officials, and Australian development practitioners. This primary data was analysed in conjunction with secondary data to draw conclusions about the impact on conditionality of block grant programs in schools.

Several conclusions are made which have implications for aid programs and individual development practitioners which are implementing community based construction methodologies. Recommendations are generated from the research findings which will improve the delivery of block grants for construction in schools in Aceh in the future.

It is recommended that:

1. Onerous conditions can be applied to block grant programs in the future, where they benefit Australian interests. However, strong engagement of government stakeholders is critical to maintaining a good relationship.

2. More effort be made by AusAID to explain onerous conditions, such as the condition not to use any non-sustainably harvested timber.

3. AusAID assesses the advantages and disadvantages of policies, such as that against the use of unsustainably harvested timber, before such policies are implemented.

4. School communities be engaged in consultation over building materials before projects begin. AusAID should decide on building materials in consultation with school communities, taking into account local capacity to maintain the selected materials.

5. Where possible, schools should be provided with as much freedom as possible over the choice of building materials.

6. In cases where AusAID deems that freedom over the choice of building materials is not possible, AusAID should take control of the building design, and the supply of building materials.

7. AusAID engages school communities on the strategies for maintenance during the design stage of infrastructure projects.

8. School communities should be required to demonstrate a capacity and a willingness to maintain infrastructure before projects are approved.

9. AusAID obtains a commitment from the Indonesian government to maintain schools as a condition of future projects.

10.More school infrastructure projects should use block grants for community based approaches to construction.

11. Schools have full financial control of their infrastructure projects.

12.Strict financial reporting requirements be continued in block grant programs.

13. Future block grant programs include the requirement of joint accounts between the school heads and the president of the school committee.

14.The condition of displaying financial reports on the school noticeboard be abolished.

15.The practice of issuing staggered payments be continued.

16.Tranche payments should be linked to satisfactory financial reporting by the school committee.

17.The practice of including a financial reporting format in the block grant agreement should also be continued.

18.The practice of transferring funds directly to the school committee be continued.

19. Schools should be required to produce evidence of land ownership as a prerequisite of the approval process.

20.The requirement of a detailed technical and financial proposal be continued in the future.

21.The condition ,requiring school committees to use separate committees for ordering and purchasing materials, should be abolished.

22. More schools be provided with the opportunity to estimate the timeframe of the implementation of their own infrastructure through block grants.

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Books on the topic "Australian Government block grants"

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts. Seventh report from the Committee of Public Accounts: Session 1985-86 : operation of the rate support grant system : Department of the Environment. London: H.M.S.O., 1985.

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Management Analysis & Planning Associates. A proposed cost-based block grant model for Wyoming school finance. [Cheyenne, Wyo.?]: Management Analysis & Planning Associates, 1997.

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Palau. Committee of Federal U.S. Programs. Position paper: A report and public policy recommendations regarding the future of U.S. Federal grant programs. [Palau]: The Committee, 1997.

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Community development block grants: The case for reform : hearing before the Federal Financial Management, Government Information, and International Security Subcommittee of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, June 29, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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Moving the CDBG program forward: A look at the administration's reform proposal, where do we go from here? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Federalism and the Census of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, June 27, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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K, Eisinger Peter, and Gormley William T. 1950-, eds. The Midwest response to the New Federalism. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.

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A top to bottom review of the three-decades-old Community Development Block Grant Program: Is the CDBG Program still targeting the needs of our communities? : hearings before the Subcommittee on Federalism and the Census of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, March 1, April 26, and May 24, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. Hearing on block grant/consolidation overview: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, hearing held in Washington, DC, February 9, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Federalism and the Census. The Pittsburgh experience: How has the Community Development Block Grant Program shaped the Steel City? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Federalism and the Census of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, July 18, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Federalism and the Census. The New York City experience: How has the Community Development Block Grant Program shaped the Big Apple? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Federalism and the Census of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, July 25, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Australian Government block grants"

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"Australian Government Research Training Scholarships." In The Grants Register 2023, 183–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-96053-8_164153.

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"Australian Government Research Training Scholarships." In The Grants Register 2020, 144–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95943-3_144.

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"Australian Government Research Training Scholarships." In The Grants Register 2021, 164–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95988-4_143.

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"Australian Government Research Training Scholarships." In The Grants Register 2022, 178–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-96042-2_165154.

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Moore, Scott M. "Over Water." In Subnational Hydropolitics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864101.003.0008.

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The preceding chapters have emphasized the often unappreciated extent to which subnational jurisdictions engage in behaviors that resemble those of sovereign nation-states with respect to shared water resources. The United States, the world’s first modern federation, provides perhaps the clearest illustration of how institutional arrangements create the conditions for such behavior to be exercised. Even in comparison to other federal systems, the U.S. Constitution grants an unusual degree of power to state governments. This asymmetry is codified in the Constitution’s Tenth Amendment, which assigns all powers not specifically granted to the federal government to the states instead. The greater power of American states, even relative to their counterparts in other federal systems, is also reflected in the fact that they maintain not only independent executive and legislative bodies but also judiciaries, a feature that has resulted in the uniquely complicated American legal system wherein different states recognize different bodies of law, especially in the case of water rights (Watts 2008). Despite this fundamental asymmetry, the power of the federal government relative to the states has grown over time, especially following the expansion of federal authority during the New Deal era (Sharansky 1970; Elazar 1984; Zimmerman 2011). The United States also lacks several of the mechanisms that ensure a greater degree of coordination and cooperation between states in other federal systems. In particular, the United States lacks the prominent intergovernmental organizations, like the Council of Australian Governments, that are a feature of many other federal systems and that help to address interjurisdictional issues like water resource management. Hydropolitics in the United States presents a twofold puzzle. First, unlike the other countries examined in this book, the United States features a notable diversity of institutional models for governing its river basins. While many American river basins, including the Colorado, are governed either by a patchwork of institutions or by none at all, organizations like the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) represent some of the most powerful river basin governance institutions in the world (Delli Priscoli 2007).
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Baecker, Ronald M. "Digital media and intellectual property." In Computers and Society. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827085.003.0007.

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Vannevar Bush envisioned a machine that would assist humanity in the creative work of writing. Doug Engelbart imagined the collaborative sharing and enhancement of knowledge. Digital media today—text, drawings, photos, audio, and video—surpass the visions of their pioneers. These media may be copied, shared, and modified in ways that challenge the legal system, because unrestricted content sharing without suitable payment to creators runs counter to intellectual property (IP) traditions and laws. Writers, musicians, artists, and inventors have long relied upon IP protection to enable them to control the use of their creations and inventions. Copyright infringement, that is, copying in violation of copyright, threatens the income that they could receive from their creations. The concept of fair use is a critical issue in such discussions, as it allows certain exceptions to copyright. One area that has received a great deal of attention is the digital copying and sharing of music; we shall examine the interplay between conventional behaviour, ethics, technical interventions to limit or block copying, laws and legal battles, and product and pricing innovation. Next, we shall look at similar issues in the domain of motion pictures. There are effective and legal streaming services, yet there are still concerns about copyright infringement. Copyright holders now automatically produce takedown notices to insist that websites remove illegally or improperly sourced material. Such notices include many errors, causing additional complications for video creators. One interesting challenge to the concept and laws of copyright occurs in the creation of mash-ups. Artists use fragments from existing musical or visual performances as well as their own material to create audio-visual works that combine multiple content sources. Artists, lawyers, and businesspeople debate the extent to which such mash-ups violate reasonable copyright protection. Copyright is also significant for academic articles and textbooks. There are two especially interesting cases to discuss. One is the widespread copying of textbooks by students due to the high price of texts. The other is the fair pricing of the publication of research results that have been funded by government grants. This issue has provided one of several stimuli to the creation of open access publications.
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Lee, Mark J. W., and Catherine McLoughlin. "Supporting Peer-to-Peer E-Mentoring of Novice Teachers Using Social Software." In Cases on Online Tutoring, Mentoring, and Educational Services, 84–97. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-876-5.ch007.

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The Australian Catholic University (ACU National at www.acu.edu.au) is a public university funded by the Australian Government. There are six campuses across the country, located in Brisbane, Queensland; North Sydney, New South Wales; Strathfield, New South Wales; Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT); Ballarat, Victoria; and Melbourne, Victoria. The university serves a total of approximately 27,000 students, including both full- and part-time students, and those enrolled in undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Through fostering and advancing knowledge in education, health, commerce, the humanities, science and technology, and the creative arts, ACU National seeks to make specific and targeted contributions to its local, national, and international communities. The university explicitly engages the social, ethical, and religious dimensions of the questions it faces in teaching, research, and service. In its endeavors, it is guided by a fundamental concern for social justice, equity, and inclusivity. The university is open to all, irrespective of religious belief or background. ACU National opened its doors in 1991 following the amalgamation of four Catholic tertiary institutions in eastern Australia. The institutions that merged to form the university had their origins in the mid-17th century when religious orders and institutes became involved in the preparation of teachers for Catholic schools and, later, nurses for Catholic hospitals. As a result of a series of amalgamations, relocations, transfers of responsibilities, and diocesan initiatives, more than twenty historical entities have contributed to the creation of ACU National. Today, ACU National operates within a rapidly changing educational and industrial context. Student numbers are increasing, areas of teaching and learning have changed and expanded, e-learning plays an important role, and there is greater emphasis on research. In its 2005–2009 Strategic Plan, the university commits to the adoption of quality teaching, an internationalized curriculum, as well as the cultivation of generic skills in students, to meet the challenges of the dynamic university and information environment (ACU National, 2008). The Graduate Diploma of Education (Secondary) Program at ACU Canberra Situated in Australia’s capital city, the Canberra campus is one of the smallest campuses of ACU National, where there are approximately 800 undergraduate and 200 postgraduate students studying to be primary or secondary school teachers through the School of Education (ACT). Other programs offered at this campus include nursing, theology, social work, arts, and religious education. A new model of pre-service secondary teacher education commenced with the introduction of the Graduate Diploma of Education (Secondary) program at this campus in 2005. It marked an innovative collaboration between the university and a cohort of experienced secondary school teachers in the ACT and its surrounding region. This partnership was forged to allow student teachers undertaking the program to be inducted into the teaching profession with the cooperation of leading practitioners from schools in and around the ACT. In the preparation of novices for the teaching profession, an enduring challenge is to create learning experiences capable of transforming practice, and to instill in the novices an array of professional skills, attributes, and competencies (Putnam & Borko, 2000). Another dimension of the beginning teacher experience is the need to bridge theory and practice, and to apply pedagogical content knowledge in real-life classroom practice. During the one-year Graduate Diploma program, the student teachers undertake two four-week block practicum placements, during which they have the opportunity to observe exemplary lessons, as well as to commence teaching. The goals of the practicum include improving participants’ access to innovative pedagogy and educational theory, helping them situate their own prior knowledge regarding pedagogy, and assisting them in reflecting on and evaluating their own practice. Each student teacher is paired with a more experienced teacher based at the school where he/she is placed, who serves as a supervisor and mentor. In 2007, a new dimension to the teaching practicum was added to facilitate online peer mentoring among the pre-service teachers at the Canberra campus of ACU National, and provide them with opportunities to reflect on teaching prior to entering full-time employment at a school. The creation of an online community to facilitate this mentorship and professional development process forms the context for the present case study. While on their practicum, students used social software in the form of collaborative web logging (blogging) and threaded voice discussion tools that were integrated into the university’s course management system (CMS), to share and reflect on their experiences, identify critical incidents, and invite comment on their responses and reactions from peers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Australian Government block grants"

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Sharma, Ratnesh K., and Koji Kudo. "Integrated Management of Energy Storage for Sustainable Operation of Energy Microgrids." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65711.

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Energy microgrids are a key building block of smart grids. Energy microgrids can not only provide voltage and VAR support to the power grid but also reduce the emission footprint of the overall power generation infrastructure. While it provides added advantages like grid decongestion and reduced operating cost for system operators, it creates significant challenges in stable operation and meeting economic goals of the microgrid owners. Currently, energy microgrids are heavily subsidized through government grants/rebates and require high maintenance in terms of skilled operating staff and advance control systems. In this paper, we propose a microgrid energy storage architecture that could reduce the cost of ownership and simplify control and management of energy microgrids while retaining the advantages of reduced emissions and resource consumption. The controls existing in normal energy storage also offers unique opportunities in simplifying the control system of such distributed generation infrastructure and improving the reliability of microgrid in meeting local demand constraints. From a utility operator’s perspective, energy storage provides a reliable and dispatchable source as opposed to intermittent distributed energy resources.
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Reports on the topic "Australian Government block grants"

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Hollingsworth, Hilary, Debbie Wong, Elizabeth Cassity, Prue Anderson, and Jessica Thompson. Teacher Development Multi-Year Study Series. Evaluation of Australia’s investment in teacher development in Lao PDR: Interim report 1. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-674-1.

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The Government of Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is undertaking significant primary education reforms, supported by the Australian Government's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) through its flagship Basic Education Quality and Access in Laos program (BEQUAL). The Australian Government has commissioned a study to investigate how the BEQUAL program is making a difference to improving teaching quality and student learning outcomes. This research is part of a multi-year study series undertaken by DFAT's Education Analytics Service to investigate teacher and learning development initiatives in three countries: Lao PDR, Timor-Leste and Vanuatu. In 2019, the new curriculum for Lao language and other subjects was introduced for Grade 1 and is being phased in across all five primary grades. The new curriculum promotes teaching practices that support pedagogies focused on student-centred approaches, active learning, assessment of student learning progress, and a phonics approach to teaching reading. Teachers are being provided with teacher guides and other teaching and learning resources, and receive face-to-face orientation on the new curriculum. In BEQUAL-targeted districts, education support grants are also available to facilitate additional in-service support for teachers and principals. This study has provided the opportunity to investigate teaching quality and student literacy outcomes in Lao PDR over two rounds of data collection, with another planned for October 2022. The Baseline Report captured ‘state of play’ information in 2019 prior to major curriculum changes, as well as the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This summary provides an overview of findings and recommendations from the second year (2021) of the study, following two years of BEQUAL support for the implementation of the new Grade 1 Lao language curriculum.
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