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Journal articles on the topic 'Australian government agencies'
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1
Saunders, Benjamin B. "Responsible Government, Statutory Authorities and the Australian Constitution." Federal Law Review 48, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 4–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x19890445.
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This article examines the compatibility of extra-departmental executive agencies, a defining feature of the modern regulatory state, with responsible government, one of the architectonic principles of the Australian Constitution. Some scholars have argued that a constitutional implication derived from responsible government should be drawn limiting the types of entities that may be established by the Commonwealth and imposing requirements relating to the relationship that must exist between ministers and entities within their portfolio. This article argues that the view that independent statutory agencies are a derogation from the principles of responsible government rests on a misunderstanding of responsible government. Responsible government is an inherently evolutionary system: as incorporated into the Australian Constitution, responsible government was intended to be flexible and non-prescriptive, allowing for change in the governmental arrangements considered necessary from time to time. Independent statutory agencies should not be seen as a challenge to the true principles of responsible government but a legitimate evolution in governance arrangements, which the Constitution deliberately left open.
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Young, Michael, Raymond Young, and Julio Romero Zapata. "Project, programme and portfolio maturity: a case study of Australian Federal Government." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-08-2013-0034.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the notion of maturity assessment and maturity models more broadly and goes on to examine the findings from the assessments of project, programme and portfolio maturity undertaken across Australian Government agencies. Design/methodology/approach – A statistical analysis was performed to determine the level of maturity that best represents the Australian Federal Government agencies as a whole. The unit of analysis in this study is the agencies overall scores in each sub-model across the seven perspectives of the portfolio, programme and project management maturity model (P3M3) maturity model. Findings – This study has identified a number of interesting findings. First, the practices of project, programme and portfolio across the dataset practiced independently of each other. Second, benefits management and strategy alignment practices are generally poor across Australian Government agencies. Third, programme management practices are the most immature. Finally, the results showed a high sensitivity to the “generic attributes” of roles and responsibilities, experience, capability development, planning and estimating and scrutiny and review. Research limitations/implications – All data used in this analysis are secondary data collected from individual Australian Government agencies. The data were collected by accredited consultants following a common data collection method and using a standard template to ensure a consistent approach. Practical implications – The study poses some implications for practice, particularly given the context of Australian Federal Government agencies current plans and action to improve organisational maturity. The study suggests that benefits management processes at the project level and benefits management, governance and stakeholder management processes at the programme level should be an area of focus for improvement. Originality/value – This study is the first attempt to systematically review the data collected through such an assessment and in particular identify the findings and the implications at a whole of government level.
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Jarman, A. M. G., and A. Kouzmin. "Australian Metropolitan Development: Local Government Reform and Urban Growth into the 1990s." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 11, no. 2 (June 1993): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110143.
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During the past four decades, many national governments, both centralist and federal, have spent considerable resources on planning for improved types of human settlement. Sometimes, grand schemes of regional planning, ‘New Town’ development, vast subdivisional tracting, and, even, industrial policy have been prepared and implemented in the name of urban and metropolitan development. The developmental role of local councils, as governmental authorities, has been either understated or underutilized; often, both. Australian governments should now reflect upon past policies and, most particularly, reconsider the role of a proactive local government sector in future metropolitan and urban development. In general terms, a multigenerational model regarding Australian urban policy design is considered. The first three, and more conventional, generations consist of: (1) the local government ‘fragmentation’ dispute, whereby local authorities are regarded as being too small, parochial, and ineffective as planning institutions; (2) the ‘New Town’ period, involving centralized planning and funding; and (3) a consolidation era where many different types of corporate, multifocal authority agencies have been created. The fourth generation constitutes the governmentally approved multifunction polis (MFP): A unique Japanese–Australian vision of a 21st century technopolis. It is argued that a further, fifth, model needs to be considered in the context of Australia's continuing outer-(sub)urban development. A linear growth-linkage model is presented; one which enhances the role of local government planning and development near the various state-located capital cities.
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Lehmann, Caitlyn. "Editorial." Children Australia 42, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2017.44.
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Among the plethora of minor parties fielding candidates in Australia's 2016 federal election was a relative newcomer called Sustainable Australia. Formed in 2010 and campaigning with the slogan ‘Better, not bigger’, the party's policy centrepiece calls for Australia to slow its population growth through a combination of lower immigration, changes to family payments, and the withdrawal of government agencies from proactive population growth strategies (Sustainable Australia, n.d.). At a global level, the party also calls for Australia to increase foreign aid with a focus on supporting women's health, reproductive rights and education. Like most minor parties, its candidates polled poorly, attracting too few votes to secure seats in the Senate. But in the ensuing months, the South Australian branch of The Greens broke from the national party platform by proposing the aim of stabilising South Australia's population within a generation (The Greens SA, 2017). Just this August, Australian business entrepreneur Dick Smith launched a ‘Fair Go’ manifesto, similarly calling for reductions in Australia's population growth to address rising economic inequality and a “decline in living standards” (Dick Smith Fair Go Group, 2017).
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Self, P. "Federalism and Australian Local Government: Reflections upon the National Inquiry into Local Government Finance." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, no. 2 (June 1987): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050123.
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In 1984 the Hawke Government appointed a National Inquiry to review the federal revenue-sharing grants for local government introduced eight years previously, and to propose desirable aims and a basis for future federal support. Australian local government is on a small scale and closely under the control of state governments; federal support raises complex issues of intergovernmental relations. In this paper, the wide-ranging Report of Inquiry, and its political outcome, are related to basic issues about federal-state relations and the rationale and extent of federal interventions. In particular, the Australian experience is interesting for its attempts at combining vertical redistribution of revenue with ambitious and detailed equalisation policies, financed at federal level but administered by independent state agencies.
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SCHAPER, MICHAEL T. "CREATING INDEPENDENT ADVOCATES FOR ENTREPRENEURS WITHIN GOVERNMENT: SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE SMALL BUSINESS COMMISSIONER MODEL." Journal of Enterprising Culture 16, no. 03 (September 2008): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495808000132.
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This paper provides a critical overview of a recent attempt to create an independent statutory "voice" for small enterprises within the formal government bureaucracy in one Australian jurisdiction. It discusses the creation and eighteen months of activity of the Small Business Commissioner of the Australian Capital Territory. In 2003 the ACT government foreshadowed that, as part of its strategy to create the most small-business-friendly location in Australia, it would establish a Small Business Commissioner as a statutory appointment. The Legislative Assembly passed the Small Business Commissioner Act in 2004 and activity began in March 2005. The key activities of the Commissioner have been to examine small business complaints about ACT government agencies; to promote the use of mediation and/or other alternative dispute resolution tools for the settlement of disputes between small enterprises and other businesses; to provide independent advice to the Territory government about laws, regulations and policies that may affect small firms; to oversee the introduction of small business service charters within government agencies; and to establish a more "business friendly" service culture within ACT government agencies. On one hand, it is clear that a Commissioner role has a potentially significant strategic importance for small and medium-sized enterprises, principally through the provision of independent commentary, pushing for red tape and regulatory reduction, and by providing mediation services and investigative functions. However, there are also some current problems with the role. These include potential overlap with other regulatory and investigative bodies; lack of formal compulsive powers; its dependence on political support for its effectiveness; insufficient resources; and the nature of the relationship it has with other government entities.
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Miller, Jessica, and Nick Quinn. "EXERCISE WESTWIND – A COLLABORATIVE OIL SPILL RESPONSE BY OIL & GAS OPERATORS AND AGENCIES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.2851.
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Abstract On June 9th, 2015, ACME Oil Company’s rig suffered a dynamic positioned ‘run-off’. The mobile drilling unit lost its station above the wellhead and a loss of well control was experienced. “A massive environmental emergency unfolded…affecting pristine coastline and masses of wildlife”. Incident Management and Field Response Teams were activated in a multi-agency operation, bringing together 200 personnel from 16 oil and gas companies and 18 government agencies and third party providers. Source control, aerial, offshore, nearshore, shoreline and oiled wildlife response capabilities were deployed and national/international support was utilised. Jointly managed by the Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre (AMOSC), the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), the Federal Department of Industry and Science, and the Western Australian Department of Transport -Exercise Westwind was a successful multi-faceted marine spill response, demonstrating Australia’s collective Industry/Government capacity to respond to a large, offshore loss of well control incident in a remote and isolated location. ACME Oil Company was a fictitious company formed to enable the amalgamation of Australian petroleum companies to exercise industry arrangements under one ‘banner’ during the exercise period. ACME Oil Company had its own set of credentials, company website and Oil Pollution Emergency Plan. The company also held real time memberships with a number of service providers including AMOSC, Oil Spill Response Ltd, Trendsetter Engineering International, Oceaneering Australia and addenergy. Representing an innovative approach to spill response exercising, ACME Oil Company was a valuable and critical aspect to industry and governments participation under a non-attributable banner. Additionally, it enabled safe, widespread lessons to be observed, allowed for real-time testing of arrangements and provided a safe environment for regulators, stakeholder and industry interplay. The exercise was an efficient and practical solution for Industry titleholders and their third party supporting organisations, to test shared response resources and to ensure Industry arrangements for responding to oil pollution are in accordance with the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Environment) Regulations 2009. This paper will discuss the development program behind the exercise and the experience of managing an exercise of this nature. It will highlight the successes including the creation and implementation of a fictitious company and the extensive collaboration between the industry and government personnel involved. It will also look forward – where are we 11-months later? Can the history of exercising and/or response help us improve for the future-implementation of change and continued testing is critical in furthering our oil spill response capability and capacity.Exercise Westwind – Operational Phase TwoExercise Westwind – Operational Phase Two
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Warren, Matthew, and Shona Leitch. "Protection of Australia in the Cyber Age." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 1, no. 1 (January 2011): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2011010104.
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Australia has developed sophisticated national security policies and physical security agencies to protect against current and future security threats associated with critical infrastructure protection and cyber warfare protection. In this paper, the authors examine some common security risks that face Australia and how government policies and strategies have been developed and changed over time, for example, the proposed Australian Homeland Security department. This paper discusses the different steps that Australia has undertaken in relation to developing national policies to deal with critical infrastructure protection.
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Roles, Cameron, Michael O’Donnell, and Peter Fairbrother. "The Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis and Union Strategies in the Australian Public Service." Articles 67, no. 4 (December 5, 2012): 633–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013198ar.
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Summary The Australian Labor government’s recognition of collective bargaining under its Fair Work Act 2009, and its efficiency drive from late 2011 across the Australian Public Service (APS), presented the Community and Public Sector Union (CPSU) with an opportunity to explore means of union renewal following a decade of conservative governments focused on union exclusion. An expanding budget deficit in 2011 placed considerable financial constraints on Australian government revenue. The Labor government increased the annual “efficiency dividend”, or across the board cuts in funding, from 1.5 per cent in May 2011 to 4 per cent in November 2011 as it attempted to achieve a budget surplus. This placed considerable pressure on agency management to remain within tight constraints on wage increases and to find budget savings, resulting in growing job losses from 2011. There was also considerable central oversight over bargaining outcomes throughout this bargaining round, with the Australian Public Service Commission (APSC) involved at all stages of the agreement-making process, to the frustration of many agencies and the CPSU. Nevertheless, throughout the 2011-12 bargaining round, the CPSU worked with its members to develop creative forms of industrial action, such as one minute stoppages in the Defence department. The union also mobilized an overwhelming majority of APS employees to vote “no” in response to initial offers put by agency managements. In addition, the CPSU focused on winning bargaining concessions in politically sensitive government agencies and then flowing these concessions to other agencies. Typical of this approach were the agreements reached in the Immigration department and Customs agency. Union recruitment activities over 2011 resulted in a substantial rise in membership and enhanced communications with members through workplace meetings, telephone and internet communications, and emails. Such union initiatives highlight the potential for enhanced union capacities and mobilization during a time of growing austerity.
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Cook, Garry D., and Lesley Dias. "It was no accident: deliberate plant introductions by Australian government agencies during the 20th century." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 7 (2006): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05157.
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The weedy potential of deliberately introduced plants has been a growing concern in Australia since the late 1980s. Although introduced plants are critical to Australia’s agricultural and livestock production, many species that were praised in the past are now declared agricultural and environmental weeds. Nevertheless, weeds researchers appear largely ignorant of the magnitude and intent of plant introductions for agricultural purposes as well as the legacy of unwanted plants. Across more than 70 years, Commonwealth Plant Introductions comprised 145 000 accessions of more than 8200 species. These species include more than 2200 grass (Poaceae) and 2200 legume species (Fabaceae sensu stricto), representing about twice the indigenous flora in those families and about 22 and 18%, respectively, of the global flora of grasses and legumes. For most of the 20th century, these and other introductions supported research into continental-scale transformation of Australian landscapes to support greatly increased pastoral productivity in order to achieve policy goals of maximum density of human population. This paper documents some of the scientific developments and debates that affected the plant-introduction program. We argue that recent developments in weed science and policy need to be informed by a better understanding of plant-introduction history.
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Storey, Matthew. "Factors affecting the efficacy of the Australian indigenous business exemption." Journal of Public Procurement 19, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-03-2019-026.
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Purpose This paper aims to describe a qualitative research project that investigated factors leading to the very low use of the Australian Commonwealth Government’s indigenous business exemption (IBE), particularly from 2011 to 2015. Design/methodology/approach The project involved interviews with 12 selected stakeholders from Indigenous firms, procuring agencies and policy designers, which took place in 2016. Findings Analysis of the interviews suggested that poor use of the IBE was primarily attributed to risk aversion inside government and limited communication of the existence of the policy outside government. Originality/value A range of other factors and methods of overcoming these problems are also identified; principal amongst these is the need for procuring agencies to engage with Indigenous suppliers in a coordinated and deliberate fashion.
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Ruzzier, Jan, Amrik S. Sohal, Pooja Katna, and Suzanne Zyngier. "Success and failure in IT outsourcing by government agencies: two Australian case studies." International Journal of Business Information Systems 3, no. 2 (2008): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbis.2008.016581.
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Maybery, Darryl, Rod Pope, Gene Hodgins, and Yvonne Hitchenor. "Fostering resilience: Empowering rural communities in the face of hardship." Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement 3 (November 25, 2010): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v3i0.1029.
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Australian rural communities are experiencing some of the worst climactic and economic conditions in decades. Unfortunately, the multiple government and non-government agency responses have reportedly been uncoordinated, sometimes losing sight of their consumers. This article describes a program designed to strengthen and empower resilience in small rural communities and summarises the outcomes, including needs and action planning undertaken. The 97 participants were from eight outer regional or remote towns and communities in the northern Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. As groups representing their communities, they attended meetings and responded to a series of questions regarding issues arising from the drought, community needs, and actions their community could take to address these issues and needs. The study findings highlight the stress and strain of the climatic conditions and the insecurity of rural incomes, as well as problems with the high cost of transport. The communities recognised a degree of social disintegration but also expressed considerable hope that, by working together and better utilising social agencies, they could develop a social connectedness that would make their communities more resilient. Approaches that empower and facilitate community resilience are suggested as an effective model that governments and non-government agencies can use to encourage social groups that are struggling to build resilience.
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Saha, Nipa. "Advertising food to Australian children: has self-regulation worked?" Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 12, no. 4 (October 20, 2020): 525–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-07-2019-0023.
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Purpose This paper aims to outline the historic development of advertising regulation that governs food advertising to children in Australia. Through reviewing primary and secondary literature, such as government reports and research, this paper examines the influence of various regulatory policies that limit children’s exposure to food and beverage marketing on practices across television (TV), branded websites and Facebook pages. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews studies performed by the food industry and public health researchers and reviews of the evidence by government and non-government agencies from the early 19th century until the present day. Also included are several other research studies that evaluate the effects of self-regulation on Australian TV food advertising. Findings The government, public health and the food industry have attempted to respond to the rapid changes within the advertising, marketing and media industries by developing and reviewing advertising codes. However, self-regulation is failing to protect Australian children from exposure to unhealthy food advertising. Practical implications The findings could aid the food and beverage industry, and the self-regulatory system, to promote comprehensive and achievable solutions to the growing obesity rates in Australia by introducing new standards that keep pace with expanded forms of marketing communication. Originality/value This study adds to the research on the history of regulation of food advertising to children in Australia by offering insights into the government, public health and food industry’s attempts to respond to the rapid changes within the advertising, marketing and media industries by developing and reviewing advertising codes.
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Reid, K. "Alan Forrest Reid 1931–2013." Historical Records of Australian Science 27, no. 2 (2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr15011.
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Dr Alan Reid is remembered as the founding father of automated mineralogy. He achieved international recognition as a research scientist, and was also a visionary leader within CSIRO, Australia's largest scientific organization. Reid contributed a distinguished body of basic research to solid state chemistry, publishing on organometallics, thermodynamics, crystal structures, high pressure minerals and mineral processing. He went on to lead development of processes that greatly benefited industry. These included the solar absorber surface AMCRO, and the QEM*SEM analysis that automatically characterized mineral assemblages. As an Institute Director at CSIRO he made important contributions to the structure and business processes of the organization, during a period of upheaval unprecedented in its history. It was Reid's leadership and perseverance that led to the establishment of the Queensland Centre for Advanced Technologies, the Australian Resources Research Centre in Western Australia, and major redevelopment of the CSIRO site at North Ryde in NSW. A master of broad collaboration with researchers, academics, companies and government agencies, when he retired from CSIRO Reid further benefited Australian science as a consultant to government and industry. The mineral reidite, a high pressure phase of ZrSiO4, is named after this tireless polymath.
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Loutit, T. S. "AUSTRALIAN PETROLEUM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: AN EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM-DRIVEN GEOSCIENCE RESEARCH MANAGEMENT." APPEA Journal 36, no. 1 (1996): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95028.
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The Australian petroleum exploration research program is customer-driven and reflects the balance between the need for the petroleum industry to reduce exploration risk in the short term and the government need to improve the perception of prospectivity in the longer term. Higher prospectivity will lead to greater exploration investment and competition, whereas risk-reduction will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the exploration industry. Thus the objectives of the primary customers may be significantly different, with government intent on increasing the amount of investment and competition between explorers, whereas industry is intent on keeping expenditure to a minimum and maintaining competitive advantage. Despite the differences, collaboration between all groups involved in exploration and exploration-related research in Australia is essential to solve the range of exploration problems and generate new paradigms. Collaborative research ventures are most successful when new ideas stimulate explorer and researcher alike to focus resources on the key questions despite factors such as competitive advantage. Government geoscience researchers must play a significant role in generating and marketing new concepts to help maintain Australia's supply of domestic petroleum products.The scale of the petroleum research undertaken, and the degree of collaboration between industry and research groups in Australia, is remarkable. There is a productive balance between groups developing and applying new technology and those undertaking regional geological and petroleum systems research. This balance has been reached because of the long-term commitment by the Australian Government, via legislation and funding, to ensure the preservation of exploration data in national geoscience database systems, and that basic and applied research at all scales, from basins to wells, is undertaken in support of petroleum exploration and development.Despite the success of a number of collaborative research projects, research and development resources are still under-utilised by the Australian petroleum industry. Government research agencies must develop a higher marketing profile to ensure that the utilisation of the resources is at a maximum.
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Ryan, Norbert. "Reopening a hospital laboratory in Banda Aceh." Microbiology Australia 26, no. 4 (2005): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma05169.
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Medical team GOLF departed Melbourne on Australia Day bound for Banda Aceh. This was an AusAID initiative coordinated by Emergency Management Australia (EMA). The group of 24 was the seventh Australian government team sent to tsunami devastated areas. The team consisted of surgeons, anaesthetists, nursing staff, paramedics, environmental and public health experts and a laboratory team, comprising Dr Geoff Hogg (pathologist), Kay Withnall and myself. Our brief was to provide public health and medical support to communities affected by the tsunami, to coordinate with other agencies and to support local health authorities.
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Lauchs, Mark, and Rebecca Keane. "An analysis of the Australian illicit tobacco market." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-10-2015-0056.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide an overview of the illicit tobacco market in Australia. It attempts to build a picture of the sources of demand, size of the market and methods of supply. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on collation of disparate government reports, industry research, media and court documents. It is a preliminary paper in the absence of better source data. Findings The market is driven by the extremely high tax on tobacco in Australia. Australia’s geography emphasises on large shipments from overseas rather than small-scale smuggling. The likely market is for migrant communities with much higher smoker rates than in the mainstream community. Research limitations/implications It is not yet possible to conduct a well-focused research because of limited official documentation. Practical implications Few government agencies focus on tobacco smuggling, and there are no publications providing a strategic picture of the illicit market. This paper fills this gap by collating multiple sources to produce a market profile. Social implications The Australian Government loses $1bn per year in tobacco tax because of smuggling. The illicit supply also means that the social goal of the tax, namely, dissuading tobacco consumption, is undermined. Originality/value There are no academic or government publications describing the Australian illicit tobacco market. The only publications are based on research funded by the tobacco industry, which has a vested interest in overstating the size of the illicit market.
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Horsfield, Peter. "Down the Tube: Religion on Australian Commercial Television." Media International Australia 121, no. 1 (November 2006): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0612100116.
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Since 9/11, the question of the place of religion in the public sphere has re-entered public consciousness in Australia, most recently in links drawn between religion and terrorism, debates about free speech and religious vilification, and discussions about religion and the national character. This paper sets a background to these contemporary issues by examining some of the influential factors and personalities in the changing legislation about the mandatory broadcast of religion on Australian commercial television, from its earliest influences through some of the key contests in its subsequent developments. A range of ambiguities and ambivalences is identified, arising primarily from the dual nature of broadcast licences as commercial enterprises and community service, and the contested place of religion in Australian society. These include questions about the constitutionality of the government mandating the broadcast of religion; contests over what is and isn't religion and who has authority to determine this distinction; conflicts arising from the competing interests of stations, churches and the government in the implementation of the legislation; difficulties in defining the purpose of mandatory broadcast of religious content as the place of religion in Australian society has changed; and resistance on the part of government agencies to acting to resolve those ambiguities in such a contested and contentious domain.
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Shamsi, Shokoofeh. "Seafood-borne parasitic diseases in Australia: How much do we know about them?" Microbiology Australia 37, no. 1 (2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma16015.
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Fish are host to many parasites, some of which can cause disease in humans. With the increase in cultural and culinary diversity and the increased popularity of eating raw or slightly cooked seafood dishes in Australia it is speculated that seafood-borne parasitic infections in Australian consumers may rise. Seafood-borne zoonotic parasites are recognised as a significant public health concern worldwide. In Australia there are few reports of infection in humans in the medical literature. Australian Government enforcement agencies rate the risk of seafood-borne zoonosis as low; however, the prevalence of seafood-borne zoonoses may be under-reported in Australia due to misdiagnosis. Although food safety regulations and import controls for seafood in Australia are strict, the focus is more on the control of food-borne bacterial, viral and chemical contaminant related illnesses rather than parasitic diseases.
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Chipperfield, James, James Brown, and Philip Bell. "Estimating the Count Error in the Australian Census." Journal of Official Statistics 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jos-2017-0003.
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Abstract In many countries, counts of people are a key factor in the allocation of government resources. However, it is well known that errors arise in Census counting of people (e.g., undercoverage due to missing people). Therefore, it is common for national statistical agencies to conduct one or more “audit” surveys that are designed to estimate and remove systematic errors in Census counting. For example, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) conducts a single audit sample, called the Post Enumeration Survey (PES), shortly after each Australian Population Census. This article describes the estimator used by the ABS to estimate the count of people in Australia. Key features of this estimator are that it is unbiased when there is systematic measurement error in Census counting and when nonresponse to the PES is nonignorable.
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Bills, Kym. "Building a world-class Australian decommissioning industry." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17154.
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Collaboration in decommissioning offshore infrastructure could save both industry and taxpayers billions of dollars and facilitate new industries and exports for Australia, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant construction boom, Australia must not miss out on this major new opportunity. The 2017 bid for Commonwealth funding to establish a Decommissioning Offshore Infrastructure Cooperative Research Centre (DOI-CRC) involved more than 30 participants and many other collaborators. High-level commitments were made by Chevron, Woodside, Shell, BHP, ExxonMobil, Quadrant, The University of Western Australia, Curtin University, the University of New South Wales, Deakin University, Australian Maritime College, CSIRO and Australian Institute of Marine Science. A Perth-based DOI-CRC was supported by National Energy Resources Australia, National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority and other Australian Government bodies and by the Western Australian Government and its Chief Scientist and agencies but did not receive sufficient support from the CRC Advisory Committee. Meeting decommissioning challenges in the North West Shelf, Bass Strait and the Northern Territory in a timely, robust, scientific, efficient and cost-effective manner that contributes to a sustainable marine environment should draw upon and augment international best practice with local capability and expertise. Good science and innovative engineering are needed to support regulatory approval of options such as ‘rigs to reefs’ and commercial opportunities such as in waste management and expanded fishing and tourism. APPEA and operators wish to maintain DOI-CRC’s momentum and learn from UK research arrangements through funding marine science projects. But we must be much broader if we are to build a sustainable world-class Australian decommissioning industry. In particular, we need to work more closely with state and federal regulators and policymakers and undertake more engineering science research and innovation.
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Chessman, Bruce C. "New sensitivity grades for Australian river macroinvertebrates." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 2 (2003): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02114.
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The SIGNAL biotic index for river macroinvertebrates, originally developed and tested in eastern Australia, was revised for application to the entire continent. Macroinvertebrate survey data from the National River Health Program were used to set grade numbers between 1 and 10 to represent the water-quality sensitivities of 210 taxa. Grades were assigned at the taxonomic levels customarily used by government agencies (predominantly family level) and by community groups (mainly order). A new index version using these grades, SIGNAL2, was correlated with water temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Because of natural spatial variation in water quality, index scores need to be interpreted in a local context or against site-specific predictions generated by the Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS).
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Kako, Mayumi, Malinda Steenkamp, Benjamin Ryan, Paul Arbon, and Yosuke Takada. "Discovering Best Practice for Establishing Evacuation Centers for Vulnerable Populations: Findings from an Australian Pilot Study." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s93—s94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001936.
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Introduction:Potentially vulnerable population groups in disasters include the elderly and frail, people who are isolated, and those with chronic diseases, including mental health conditions or mobility issues. The 2011 Queensland flood disaster affected central and southeast Queensland, resulting in 2.5 million people being adversely affected. Seventy-two local government areas disaster were activated under the Natural Disaster Relief and Recovery Arrangements, which was more than 99 percent of Queensland. The issues regarding the role and responsibility across governments relating to planning, setup, and management of evacuation centers will be discussed.Aim:This paper will report the preliminary findings of a pilot study undertaken with local government officials and humanitarian agencies in Australia concerning their involvement in planning for, setting up, and managing evacuation centers for vulnerable populations in Australia during the Queensland floods in 2011. The objective is to illuminate the challenges officials faced, and the resolutions and lessons learned in the preparation of evacuation centers through this event.Methods:The study involved interviews with local government and relevant agencies’ officials who have been involved in establishing evacuation centers for vulnerable populations during the 2011 floods. Six officials were recruited from local government areas affected by the disaster in Queensland, Australia. Semi-structured phone interviews were audio-recorded and thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software.Results:Three core themes emerged: 1) understanding of the importance of preparation, 2) challenging evacuation center environments, and 3) awareness of good governance principles.Discussion:This pilot study demonstrated that communication with stakeholders during the preparation period prior to a disaster is essential to best practice for evacuation center management. Understanding and being aware of good governance is also an important element to establish evacuation centers effectively.
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Pacey, Fiona, Jennifer Smith-Merry, James Gillespie, and Stephanie D. Short. "National health workforce regulation." International Journal of Health Governance 22, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-01-2016-0005.
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Purpose In 2010, Australia introduced the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme for the health professions (the Australian scheme) creating a legislative framework for a national system of health workforce regulation, delivering a model of collective (and multi-level) government involvement in regulatory activities. The purpose of this paper is to examine how its governance arrangement compares to different national systems and other health regulatory bodies in Australia. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative case study is informed by documentary analysis in conjunction with policy mapping. This is part of a larger project investigating the policy pathway which led to establishment of the Scheme. The authors compare the Scheme with other Australian health standard setting and regulatory bodies. Findings The Australian scheme’s governance model supported existing constitutional arrangements, and enabled local variations. This facilitated the enduring interest of ministers (and governments) on matters of health workforce and articulated the activities of the new regulatory player. It maintains involvement of the six states and two territories, with the Commonwealth Government, and profession-specific boards and accreditation agencies. This resulted in a unique governance framework delivering a new model of collective ministerial responsibility. The governance design is complex, but forges a new way to embed existing constitutional arrangements within a tripartite arrangement that also delivers National Boards specific to individual health professions and an organisation to administer regulatory activities. Originality/value This study demonstrates that effective design of governance arrangements for regulatory bodies needs to address regulatory tasks to be undertaken as well as the existing roles, and ongoing interests of governments in participating in those regulatory activities. It highlights that a unique arrangement, while appearing problematic in theory may in practice deliver intended regulatory outcomes.
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Parsons, Kathryn, Agata McCormac, Malcolm Pattinson, Marcus Butavicius, and Cate Jerram. "A study of information security awareness in Australian government organisations." Information Management & Computer Security 22, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imcs-10-2013-0078.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the human-based information security (InfoSec) vulnerabilities in three Australian government organisations. Design/methodology/approach – A Web-based survey was developed to test attitudes, knowledge and behaviour across eight policy-based focus areas. It was completed by 203 participants across the three organisations. This was complemented by interviews with senior management from these agencies. Findings – Overall, management and employees had reasonable levels of InfoSec awareness. However, weaknesses were identified in the use of wireless technology, the reporting of security incidents and the use of social networking sites. These weaknesses were identified in the survey data of the employees and corroborated in the management interviews. Research limitations/implications – As with all such surveys, responses to the questions on attitude and behaviour (but not knowledge) may have been influenced by the social desirability bias. Further research should establish more extensive baseline data for the survey and examine its effectiveness in assessing the impact of training and risk communication interventions. Originality/value – A new survey tool is presented and tested which is of interest to academics as well as management and IT systems (security) auditors.
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Strang, Veronica. "Cosmopolitan Natures: Paradigms and Politics in Australian Environmental Management." Nature and Culture 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2008.030104.
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Environmental management in Australia has recently shifted away from local rural communities into the hands of largely urban environmental and government agencies, sparking an intensifying contest for the control of land and resources between geographically and socially stable communities and more mobile translocal groups. There are major disjunctions between the conceptual models promulgated in this contest. Highly specific, holistic, and integrative cultural paradigms of human-environmental interaction vie with an increasingly dominant technomanagerial environmental model emerging from global discourses and knowledge practices. Categorizing "Nature" as a separate, nonhuman domain, this more cosmopolitan approach fails, intellectually and practically, to integrate social and cultural issues into environmental management. Nevertheless, its proponents are provided with increasing authority by their relationships with wider agencies of governance. Building on long-term ethnographic research in Far North Queensland, this paper explores how local and cosmopolitan environmentalisms are contested in a particular ethnographic context.
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Beutel, Terrence S., Rebecca Trevithick, Peter Scarth, and Dan Tindall. "VegMachine.net. online land cover analysis for the Australian rangelands." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 4 (2019): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj19013.
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This paper documents the development and use of the VegMachine.net land cover monitoring tool. From 2002 to 2015, VegMachine® software was used by government agencies, natural resource management (NRM) groups and individual pastoralists in northern Australia to assess and benchmark vegetation cover levels. In 2016 the VegMachine.net website was launched to build a wider user base and assure service continuity. Users can now graph historical (1990–) cover on one or more user defined areas of interest (AOI), produce comprehensive paddock-by-paddock property monitoring reports, and view a range of land cover raster images through the website map panel. In its first 32 months of operation 913 users logged 1604 sessions on the website and more than 1000 of the website’s most comprehensive monitoring reports were distributed to users. Levels of use varied; 26% of users (n = 237) have used the website more than once, and within this group a smaller set of regular users (n = 36) have used the site more than five times, in many cases to provide analyses to multiple clients. We outline four case studies that document the significant impact VegMachine.net has had on users including graziers, government agencies, NRM groups and researchers. We also discuss some possible paths forward that could widen the user base and improve retention of first time users.
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Lyons, David. "Organisation and funding of the Australian Antarctic program." Polar Record 29, no. 170 (July 1993): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400018532.
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ABSTRACTThe Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) are conducted through the cooperation of various government agencies and research and interest groups. Changes in organisational arrangements since 1946 have reflected the emphasis given to different aspects of Australian Antarctic policy. The Antarctic program is focussed in Hobart, and the lead agency, the Australian Antarctic Division, is currently part of the federal environment portfolio. Australia spent an estimated $A75.7 million on its Antarctic program in the financial year 1991/92, $A67.3 million, or 89%, of which was channelled through the Antarctic Division. The'disposable budget'for research activities has remained relatively static in real terms during the past decade. The consolidation of expenditure through the Antarctic Division and the program approach to budgeting now provide some degree of breakdown of the total expenditure, identify the large sums spent on infrastructure and technology support, and quantify the high threshold cost of research in Antarctica. It remains to be seen what effect the changes in national policies, such as the decision to ban mining in Antarctica, and geopolitical developments will have on future levels of funding.
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McIlveen, Peter, Martin Cameron, Deborah McLachlan, and Jenny Gunn. "The Study-To-Work Transition of University Students With a Disability." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 10, no. 1 (January 2004): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132389220000034x.
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Acareer development approach to disability and vocational rehabilitation indicates the need to empower clients' capacity to enter the workforce through ‘career enhancement’. This paper outlines a forum for university students with a disability that was informed by the notion of career enhancement and was conducted with the purpose of linking students with one another, and with employers, employment agencies, state and Australian government agencies, and key staff of the university's careers service. Feedback from students indicated the value of the event in terms of outcome and process.
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Erku, Daniel A., Kylie Morphett, Kathryn J. Steadman, and Coral E. Gartner. "Policy Debates Regarding Nicotine Vaping Products in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis of Submissions to a Government Inquiry from Health and Medical Organisations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 4555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224555.
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Australia has maintained a highly restrictive regulatory framework for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and the regulatory approach differs from most other high income countries. This paper employed a thematic analysis to assess policy consultation submissions made to a government inquiry regarding use and marketing of NVPs. We included in the analysis submissions (n = 40) made by Australian institutions that influence or contribute to health policy-making including government agencies, health bodies and charities (n = 23), and public health academics and healthcare professionals (n = 18). Submissions from commercial entities and consumers were excluded. The majority of submissions from representatives of government agencies, health bodies and charities recommended maintaining current restrictions on NVPs. Arguments against widening access to NVPs included the demand for long-term evidence on safety and efficacy of an unusually high standard. There was widespread support for restrictions on sales, advertising and promotion, with most submissions supporting similar controls as for tobacco products. In contrast, the majority of individual submissions from healthcare professionals and public health academics advocated for widening access to NVPs for smokers and emphasized the potential benefits of smokers switching to vaping and the policy incoherence of regulating less harmful nicotine products more strictly than tobacco cigarettes. Progress in resolving the policy debate concerning NVP regulation in Australia will require policy makers, clinicians and the public health community to engage in a meaningful dialogue which gives due consideration to both intended and unintended consequences of proposed policies.
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Harrison, Gregory, Nick Quinn, and Andrew Best. "Regional oil wildlife response capability in northwest Australia—a collaborative approach by oil and gas operators and agencies." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14090.
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In January 2012, the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Authority (NOPSEMA) took over the environmental assessment of environmental plans (EP) and oil spill contingency plans (OSCP) in Australia's Commonwealth waters. The requirement to demonstrate capability highlighted several areas of improvement to provide an effective oiled wildlife response (OWLR). An OWL working group was established by several operators with the initial agreement to engage the Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre (AMOSC) as the response agency. The working group of operators has now established an OWLR Plan that was developed in collaboration with AMOSC and the Department of Parks and Wildlife and has provided an industry and government agency coordinated approach to OWLR for the first time.
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Leclercq, M. G., and A. G. Robertson. "(A216) Ashmore Reef Boat Explosion: A Nightmare Scenario that Became a Reality." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002068.
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At approximately 06:15h on 16 April 2009, there was an explosion and subsequent fire onboard the Suspected Illegal Entry Vessel (SIEV) 36. The vessel was located in the vicinity of the Ashmore Reef, approximately 610 kilometers north of Broome in Western Australia (WA). Onboard were members of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), 47 asylum seekers, and two crew members. Traveling with SIEV 36 were the RAN Patrol Boats, HMAS Childers, and HMAS Albany. The explosion resulted in five deaths and a large number of casualties with severe burn injuries, and a smaller number with concurrent trauma injuries. The Ashmore Reef incident was unique in that it involved the medical management and evacuation of 44 injured foreign nationals (31 seriously injured) in an extremely remote location. It resulted in an unprecedented health response from multiple agencies including local, regional, and state governments, commonwealth government agencies, non-government organizations, and private industry. The mission objective for this incident was to retrieve and evacuate multiple seriously injured casualties and stabilize them for safe transport to definitive care. The mission objective was achieved for the Ashmore Reef incident with no further deaths. As with all disasters, many lessons have been learned, and recommendations have been formulated. The logistic requirements to successfully complete such a mission have been reinforced as a result of this incident, as this was the most logistically challenging mass-casualty incident in WA history.
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Baškarada, Saša, and Andy Koronios. "Unicorn data scientist: the rarest of breeds." Program 51, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prog-07-2016-0053.
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Purpose Many organizations are seeking unicorn data scientists, that rarest of breeds that can do it all. They are said to be experts in many traditionally distinct disciplines, including mathematics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, and more. The purpose of this paper is to describe authors’ pursuit of these elusive mythical creatures. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with managers/directors from nine Australian state and federal government agencies with relatively mature data science functions. Findings Although the authors failed to find evidence of unicorn data scientists, they are pleased to report on six key roles that are considered to be required for an effective data science team. Primary and secondary skills for each of the roles are identified and the resulting framework is then used to illustratively evaluate three data science Master-level degrees offered by Australian universities. Research limitations/implications Given that the findings presented in this paper have been based on a study with large government agencies with relatively mature data science functions, they may not be directly transferable to less mature, smaller, and less well-resourced agencies and firms. Originality/value The skills framework provides a theoretical contribution that may be applied in practice to evaluate and improve the composition of data science teams and related training programs.
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FISHER, MATTHEW, FRANCES E. BAUM, COLIN MACDOUGALL, LAREEN NEWMAN, and DENNIS MCDERMOTT. "To what Extent do Australian Health Policy Documents address Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity?" Journal of Social Policy 45, no. 3 (January 7, 2016): 545–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279415000756.
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AbstractEvidence on social determinants of health and health equity (SDH/HE) is abundant but often not translated into effective policy action by governments. Governments’ health policies have continued to privilege medical care and individualised behaviour-change strategies. In the light of these limitations, the 2008 Commission on the Social Determinants of Health called on health agencies to adopt a stewardship role; to take action themselves and engage other government sectors in addressing SDH/HE. This article reports on research using analysis of health policy documents – published by nine Australian national or regional governments – to examine the extent to which the Australian health sector has taken up such a role.We found policies across all jurisdictions commonly recognised evidence on SDH/HE and expressed goals to improve health equity. However, these goals were predominantly operationalised in health care and other individualised strategies. Relatively few strategies addressed SDH/HE outside of access to health care, and often they were limited in scope. National policies on Aboriginal health did most to systemically address SDH/HE.We used Kingdon's (2011) multiple streams theory to examine how problems, policies and politics combine to enable, partially allow, or prevent action on SDH/HE in Australian health policy.
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Kober, Thilo. "The Australian Cancer Network ?A strategy to improve cancer health outcomes." Australian Health Review 19, no. 2 (1996): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah960113.
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Cancer control in Australia has become a major social priority because of theincreasing impact of cancer on providers and users of health care. In recognition ofthis situation there is now an increased response by government agencies, non-governmentorganisations, health planners and the community at large to focus oncancer as part of a National Health Goals and Targets Strategy for better healthoutcomes in the next century. The following paper explores how the AustralianCancer Network effectively contributes to a national cancer control strategy.
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McVeigh, Mary Jo, and Susan Heward-Belle. "Necessary and good: a literature review exploring ethical issues for online counselling with children and young people who have experienced maltreatment." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (December 2020): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.59.
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AbstractThe World Health Organization categorised the Corona virus as a public health emergency of international concern. As a result of this declaration, a raft of procedures to stem the spread of the virus to safeguard the health and safety of its citizens was enacted by the Australian Government. The promotion of social isolation and distancing were among these measures. The governmental social distancing measures put in place in Australia resulted in a curtailing of face-to-face work and moving to online service delivery for many agencies who provide counselling for children/young people who have experienced maltreatment. This article presents the findings of a review of the literature on the pertinent ethical issues in relation to online counselling. The results of the review highlighted common ethical issues discussed across the literature, with a major gap in the literature focusing on issues for children and young people and a continued privileging of the adult voice over children and young people’s needs.
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Van Thiel, Sandra, and Amanda Smullen. "Principals and Agents, or Principals and Stewards? Australian Arms Length Agencies’ Perceptions of Arm’s Length Government Instruments." Public Performance & Management Review 44, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 758–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2021.1881803.
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Pitman, Tony. "Children Australia: A proud past and an exciting future." Children Australia 35, no. 4 (2010): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200001218.
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Children Australia is entering a new and exciting era in its development. After some 35 years as an academic and practice-oriented publication, the Journal is now set to continue this tradition, but also to broaden its scope in response to the increasing complexity of working with children, young people and their families and carers.Over nearly four decades, we have enjoyed the support of a number of organisations, key activists in the field and practitioners. Established in 1976 under the title of Australian Child and Family Welfare, the Journal was published by the Children's Welfare Association in Victoria as the quarterly journal of the Child and Family Welfare Council of Australia and funded by the Children's Welfare Foundation. Publication of the journal coincided with a number of key policy changes through the 1970s, and in 1979, during the International Year of the Child, it addressed a range of themes that were paramount in the minds of academics and practitioners both in Australia and overseas. The 1980s saw new challenges in the sector, computerisation, the amalgamations of a range of children's agencies, and devolution of services from government in to the non-Government sector, together with major economic change. By the late 1980s, Australia was in recession and many in the sector were facing major organisational changes, particularly in Victoria under the Kennett government.
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Neupane, Chiranjivi, Santoso Wibowo, Srimannarayana Grandhi, and Hepu Deng. "A Trust-Based Model for the Adoption of Smart City Technologies in Australian Regional Cities." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 9316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169316.
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This paper explores the role of stakeholders’ trust in the adoption of smart city technologies, leading to the identification of the critical determinants for adopting smart city technologies in Australian regional cities. A comprehensive review of the related literature has been conducted. Such a review leads to the development of a trust-based research model for investigating the importance of trust in technology and its adoption. This model is then tested and validated with the use of a structural equation modeling technique on the survey data collected from ICT professionals in Australian regional cities. The study results show that perceived usefulness, perceived external pressure and perceived information security influence trust in smart city technologies. Further analysis highlights the significant relationship between stakeholders’ trust and their intention to adopt smart city technologies. This study is unique, as it is one of a few studies that focus on exploring stakeholders’ trust in the adoption of smart city technologies from the perspective of ICT professionals in Australia. The study results can be used by the government agencies to formulate appropriate policies to enhance the use of smart city technologies in the active pursuit of smart city development in Australia.
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Edgar, J. "Future impact of food safety issues on animal production and trade: implications for research." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 11 (2004): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03222.
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This review describes the emergence of food safety as an important factor influencing international trade and discusses why it will be increasingly so into the foreseeable future. The continuing development of an international framework for conducting food safety risk analysis is summarised. Livestock researchers have an important role to play in recognising and warning of potential food safety threats and in generating risk assessment data. The need for greater awareness of food safety issues among livestock researchers in Australia is suggested. Possible strategies and infrastructure for Australian institutions engaged in livestock health and production research, which may assist in strengthening the interface with government agencies responsible for protecting consumers and exports from food safety threats, are also considered. Corynetoxins are used as an example of a potential food safety issue of relevance to livestock production in Australia.
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Cunningham, Stuart, Terry Cutler, Greg Hearn, Mark Ryan, and Michael Keane. "An Innovation Agenda for the Creative Industries: Where is the R&D?" Media International Australia 112, no. 1 (August 2004): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411200114.
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What would an innovation systems approach to the creative, and especially the digital, content industries look like? This is important for two reasons: such an approach may open up dynamic and central policy territory which has been the preserve of science, engineering and technology (SET) worldwide; and it asks new questions, outside the domain of cultural support, which may precipitate a more holistic approach to the creative industries. This article draws on aspects of a report produced as part of the Australian government's Creative Industries Cluster Study, which outlined key elements of such a system. It focuses on the issues raised in looking at the role of key public institutions such as research agencies, educational and training bodies, including universities, government support agencies and others. We argue that these elements need to be greatly strengthened as well as challenged in terms of their orientation and their capacity to contribute to the innovation system.
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Cook, Kay, Lisa Given, Georgia Keam, and Lisa Young. "Technological opportunities for procedural justice in welfare administration: A review of available apps." Critical Social Policy 40, no. 4 (July 9, 2019): 627–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018319860498.
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Welfare agencies are increasingly turning to technology to facilitate information-sharing and communication with users. However, while the administrative, governmental and material effects of technological advances have been examined, research has yet to explore how welfare users could make use of technology for their benefit. In this article, we examine the extent to which available technologies allow Australian separated mothers to assemble and provide data to government agencies in order to pursue procedural, and therefore substantive, justice in child support and welfare contexts. We find that no currently available apps provide separated mothers with technological affordances suited to this purpose. As a result, we find that existing child support and welfare data practices reinforce the social hierarchies that exist post-separation, whereby low-income single mothers are financially and socially disadvantaged, while welfare administrators and non-compliant ex-partners accrue savings and discretionary benefits as a result of existing bureaucratic data gaps and omissions.
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Hambly, Glenda. "Cultural influences in screenwriting: Australia vs. Hollywood." Journal of Screenwriting 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/josc_00012_1.
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The Hollywood paradigm of screenwriting is claimed to be the universal approach to storytelling. The paradigm is said to be ‘in our DNA’ and override cultural difference. It is declared the most popular cinema narrative form with audiences internationally. These claims of universal application and appeal are challenged in this article via a case study of Australian feature films and their appeal to Australian audiences. Interviews with industry practitioners establish the dominance of the Hollywood paradigm at the government screen agencies and in industry discourse, but its weak uptake by some of Australia’s most successful screenwriters. A link between national mythology, national narratives and a distinctly Australian idiom in screenwriting is investigated. A contrast is drawn with the influence of American national mythology in shaping the Hollywood paradigm.
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Brevini, Benedetta. "Metadata Laws, Journalism and Resistance in Australia." Media and Communication 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v5i1.810.
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The intelligence leaks from Edward Snowden in 2013 unveiled the sophistication and extent of data collection by the United States’ National Security Agency and major global digital firms prompting domestic and international debates about the balance between security and privacy, openness and enclosure, accountability and secrecy. It is difficult not to see a clear connection with the Snowden leaks in the sharp acceleration of new national security legislations in Australia, a long term member of the Five Eyes Alliance. In October 2015, the Australian federal government passed controversial laws that require telecommunications companies to retain the metadata of their customers for a period of two years. The new acts pose serious threats for the profession of journalism as they enable government agencies to easily identify and pursue journalists’ sources. Bulk data collections of this type of information deter future whistleblowers from approaching journalists, making the performance of the latter’s democratic role a challenge. After situating this debate within the scholarly literature at the intersection between surveillance studies and communication studies, this article discusses the political context in which journalists are operating and working in Australia; assesses how metadata laws have affected journalism practices and addresses the possibility for resistance.
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BRADY, MICHELLE. "Targeting single mothers? Dynamics of contracting Australian employment services and activation policies at the street level." Journal of Social Policy 47, no. 4 (April 10, 2018): 827–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000223.
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AbstractActivation reforms targeted at single parents simultaneously construct them as a legitimate target for activation policy and subject them to new obligations to engage in paid work or education/training. The social policy literature has established that the work of ‘making-up’ target groups occurs at the street level as well as in government legislation. The street level has become even more significant in recent years as there has been a shift towards establishing quasi-markets for the delivery of welfare-to-work programmes and organising these around the principles of performance pay and process flexibility. However, what is largely missing from the existing literature is an analysis of how contract conditions, together with individuals' activation obligations, shape how they are targeted at the street level. Drawing on a study conducted over eight years with agencies in Australia's quasi-market for employment services, this paper argues that the changes to the contracts for governing this market changed how Australian single mothers were targeted by employment services. Over time there was a shift away from making-up single-parent clients as a distinct, vulnerable target group and a shift towards viewing them in terms of risk categories described within the agencies’ contracts.
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Fopp, Rodney. "Increasing the Potential for Gaze, Surveillance and Normalisation: the transformation of an Australian policy for people who are homeless." Surveillance & Society 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2002): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v1i1.3393.
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Michel Foucault analysed the origins and social function served by institutions such as the prison and the clinic, explored the links between knowledge and power, and the body as a location or site of such social power. In this article, Foucault's analysis is applied to an Australian program for people who are homeless. After outlining a theoretical framework which emphases Foucault's theme of increasing surveillance being used for the purposes of greater regulation and control, this article analyses the changes that have occurred in the program. It is argued that initially the program was intended to assist non-government agencies to provide a range of services, including short-term crisis accommodation services, after which clients would move to independent housing. However, due to the lack of affordable and appropriate houses for clients to enter after their stay in agencies, clients have been forced to stay in funded agencies for longer than is otherwise necessary. Among other things, this program has adapted by providing more short-to-medium term accommodation and case management for clients which, in turn, has led to an extension of the time clients remain in agencies and greater intensity of service provision. It is argued that this has resulted in increased potential for surveillance, control and regulation.
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McLeod, S. R., and R. B. Hacker. "Balancing stakeholder interests in kangaroo management – historical perspectives and future prospects." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 6 (2019): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj19055.
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Kangaroos are commercially harvested in five mainland states of Australia, with the harvest regulated by state government wildlife management agencies and overseen by the Commonwealth government. Non-commercial culling is permitted, and although most kangaroos have traditionally been taken by the commercial kangaroo harvesting industry, the proportion taken non-commercially has increased in recent years. Management plans that guide the regulation of the harvest support the management objectives of wildlife management agencies and the kangaroo industry, but the plans do not successfully address the objectives of other stakeholders including pastoralists and animal protection groups, which focus on minimising the grazing impacts of kangaroos and animal welfare issues respectively. We reviewed the objectives outlined in the management plans for kangaroos in the Australian rangelands and examined alternative systems for managing natural resources to identify if improvements to management could be made. Current management plans for kangaroos principally use fixed harvest rates that are responsive only to the state of the kangaroo population and not to changes in the environments in which kangaroos live. This type of management is reactive, and opportunities for improving management of the environment are limited. A viable alternative is active adaptive management which focuses on explicit measurement of the response of the natural system to management actions and use of this information to modify interventions to better meet management objectives. Active adaptive management is appropriate when management actions can strongly influence system state but the impacts of management are uncertain. We argue that the management of kangaroos and the environments in which they live would benefit from the adoption of an active adaptive management approach by wildlife management agencies.
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Hey Tow, William Newk-Fon, Peter Dell, and John Venable. "Understanding Information Disclosure Behaviour in Australian Facebook Users." Journal of Information Technology 25, no. 2 (June 2010): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2010.18.
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The advent of social networking websites presents further opportunities for criminals to obtain information for use in identity theft, cyber-stalking, and worse activities. This paper presents research investigating why users of social networking websites willingly disclose personal information and what sorts of information they provide (or not). The study employed an ethnographic approach of participation in the online community and interviews of community members, combined with a quantitative survey. The findings show that users are often simply not aware of the issues or feel that the risk to them personally is very low. The paper develops a preliminary theoretical model to explain the information disclosure phenomenon. It further recommends that government agencies or social networking websites themselves conduct campaigns to inform the public of these issues and that social networking websites consider removing some facilities. The study was conducted in an Australian context and focussed on the popular Facebook website.
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Mirza, Yaser. "Challenges for Managing Complex Application Portfolios: A Case Study of South Australian Public Sector Agency." International Journal of Managing Information Technology 13, no. 03 (August 30, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijmit.2021.13301.
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This research explores the challenges in management and the root cause for complex application portfolios in the public sector. It takes Australian public sector organisations with the case of South Australia Police (SAPOL) for evaluation it being one of the significant and mission critical state government agencies. The exploratory research surfaces some of the key challenges using interview as primary data collection source, along with archive records, documentation, and direct observation as secondary sources. This paper reports on the information analysed surfacing eight key issues. It highlights that the organic growth of the technology portfolios, with mission criticality has resulted in many quick fixes which are not aligned with long term enterprise architectural stability. Integration of different mismatched technologies, along with the pressure from the business to always keep the lights on, does not provide the opportunity for the portfolios to be rationalised in an ongoing way. Other issues and the areas for further study are explored at the end.