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Journal articles on the topic "Australian fur seals"
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Shaughnessy, Peter D., Jane McKenzie, Melanie L. Lancaster, Simon D. Goldsworthy, and Terry E. Dennis. "Australian fur seals establish haulout sites and a breeding colony in South Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 2 (2010): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10017.
Full textAbstract:
Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) breed on Bass Strait islands in Victoria and Tasmania. They have been recorded in South Australia (SA) for many years as non-breeding visitors and on Kangaroo Island frequently since 1988, mostly in breeding colonies of the New Zealand fur seal (A. forsteri) which is the most numerous pinniped in SA. Australian fur seals have displaced New Zealand fur seals from sections of the Cape Gantheaume colony on Kangaroo Island. North Casuarina Island produced 29 Australian fur seal pups in February 2008. Australian fur seal pups were larger than New Zealand fur seal pups in the same colony and have been identified genetically using a 263-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region. North Casuarina Island has been an important breeding colony of New Zealand fur seals, but pup numbers there decreased since 1992–93 (contrary to trends in SA for New Zealand fur seals), while numbers of Australian fur seals there have increased. This study confirms that Australian fur seals breed in SA. The two fur seal species compete for space onshore at several sites. Australian fur seals may compete for food with endangered Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) because both are bottom feeders.
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Shaughnessy, Peter D., Catherine M. Kemper, David Stemmer, and Jane McKenzie. "Records of vagrant fur seals (family Otariidae) in South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 2 (2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13038.
Full textAbstract:
Two fur seal species breed on the southern coast of Australia: the Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) and the New Zealand fur seal (A. forsteri). Two other species are vagrants: the subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis) and the Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella). We document records of vagrant fur seals in South Australia from 1982 to 2012 based primarily on records from the South Australian Museum. There were 86 subantarctic fur seals: 49 specimens and 37 sightings. Most (77%) were recorded from July to October and 83% of all records were juveniles. All but two specimens were collected between July and November. Sightings were prevalent during the same period, but there were also nine sightings during summer (December–February), several of healthy-looking adults. Notable concentrations were near Victor Harbor, on Kangaroo Island and Eyre Peninsula. Likely sources of subantarctic fur seals seen in South Australia are Macquarie and Amsterdam Islands in the South Indian Ocean, ~2700 km south-east and 5200 km west of SA, respectively. There were two sightings of Antarctic fur seals, both of adults, on Kangaroo Island at New Zealand fur seal breeding colonies. Records of this species for continental Australia and nearby islands are infrequent.
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Arnould, JPY, CL Littnan, and GM Lento. "First contemporary record of New Zealand fur seals Arctocephalus forsteri breeding in Bass Strait." Australian Mammalogy 22, no. 1 (2000): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am00057.
Full textAbstract:
DURING the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (1798 - 1825), large numbers of fur seals were hunted on the islands off southeastern Australia. It is estimated that >300,000 pelts were collected before hunting became commercially nonviable and the seals gained statutory protection in 1889 (Warneke and Shaughnessy 1985). Two types of fur seals were known to occur in southeastern Australian waters but cargo records from the sealing vessels active in the area do not accurately identify the species taken, referring to them only as ?black? and ?brown? seals (Goldsworthy et al. 1997). There are currently two species of fur seal found in these waters: the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) and the Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). Based on pelage colour, it has been suggested that these species correspond to the ?black? and ?brown? species, respectively, referred to by the sealers (Goldsworthy et al. 1997).
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Dennis, T. E., and P. D. Shaughnessy. "Seal survey in the Great Australian Bight region of Western Australia." Wildlife Research 26, no. 3 (1999): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98047.
Full textAbstract:
In December 1996, a survey by helicopter of the Baxter Cliffs region of the Great Australian Bight in Western Australia did not locate any previously unreported colonies of the Australian sea lion or New Zealand fur seal. Although geologically contiguous with the Bunda Cliffs in South Australia (where sea lions have a scattered distribution), the Baxter Cliffs appeared generally more weathered and stable, with fewer collapsed sections of cliff forming platforms and providing habitat for seals. In total, 29 Australian sea lions were observed during the survey. Most were at a previously surveyed site approximately 2 km west of Twilight Cove. Ten other sites were recorded as potentially providing haul- out opportunity for sea lions; they were mainly caves and deep overhangs with access from the sea. No fur seals were seen. From this survey and from other records, we estimate the Australian sea lion population along the Baxter Cliffs in the Great Australian Bight region of Western Australia at less than 100 animals.
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Ling, JK. "Impact Of Colonial Sealing On Seal Stocks Around Australia, New Zealand And Subantarctic Islands Between 150 And 170 Degrees East." Australian Mammalogy 24, no. 1 (2002): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02117.
Full textAbstract:
Details of southern elephant seal oil and fur seal and sea lion skin cargoes have been extracted from a large number of secondary sources dealing with Australian and New Zealand maritime history, which in turn referred to numerous primary sources of information. The data were collated and analysed for ten areas in the south-west Pacific region and published recently in two separate larger works. This review is a synthesis and analysis of the impact of the colonial sealing industry on seal stocks in the region, based on those papers, with some minor revisions and reference to works by other authors. Colonial sealing lasted from the late 18th to the mid- 19th century and was followed by sporadic hunting until the late 1940s. Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) were hunted for their oil; and Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus), New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri), Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) and New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) were targeted for their skins and some oil. At least 1,081 tons of elephant seal oil were shipped from King Is. between 1802 and 1819, while 8,380 tons were shipped from Macquarie Is. between 1810 and 1919. More than 1.4 million skins of both species of fur seals were harvested between 1792 and 1949, but only 4,000 Neophoca and 5,700 Phocarctos pelts are recorded as having been shipped by 1840. The Antipodes Islands yielded more than a quarter of the total fur seal skin harvest, and New Zealand and southern Australia each delivered a quarter of the total. Current numbers of the two species of fur seals combined are about a tenth of the crudely estimated size (1.5 million) of the original population. The exploited fur seals and sea lions were probably the same species as occur today at the original sealing localities, apart from Macquarie Is. where the identity of the exploited fur seals remains in doubt. There is some evidence that Maoris and Australian Aborigines hunted seals in pre-European times, resulting in reduced ranges and depleted stocks that were exploited later by colonial sealers.
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Gales, N. J., B. Haberley, and P. Collins. "Changes in the abundance of New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 27, no. 2 (2000): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99027.
Full textAbstract:
New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, have been increasing in abundance in South Australia for at least the past three decades. A survey of New Zealand fur seals during the 1989/90 breeding season determined that about 20% of the Australian population bred at 16 sites in Western Australia, amounting to 1429 pups and an absolute abundance estimate of 7100 fur seals. A further survey of all fur seal colonies in Western Australia to determine current pup production and abundance estimates, and trends in pup production since the previous survey was undertaken in January 1999. Of the 17 breeding sites now known in Western Australia, 16 were surveyed and pup production had increased at all but one. The rate of change in pup production at the one unsurveyed site (West Island), was estimated as being equivalent to the mean rate of change at other sites. The estimated mean annual, exponential rate of increase (r) for all sites was 0.09, equivalent to a 9.8% annual increase in pup production and an overall increase in pup production in Western Australia of 113.3% between surveys. Total annual pup production has increased to 3090. The estimate of absolute abundance of New Zealand fur seals in Western Australia is now 15 100, in contrast to the 7100 estimated for the 1989/90 season. Mortality of pups at the time of the survey was estimated to be at least 1.3%. It is predicted that New Zealand fur seal populations will continue to increase in Western Australia. This is likely to have important management implications regarding aquaculture and fisheries activities. The increase in fur seal populations appears to be in contrast to populations of Australian sea lions, Neophoca cinerea, for which preliminary data show no evidence for a population increase. It is unknown whether the dynamics affecting these two species are related.
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Brothers, N., and D. Pemberton. "Status of Australian and New-Zealand Fur Seals at Maatsuyker Island, Southwestern Tasmania." Wildlife Research 17, no. 6 (1990): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9900563.
Full textAbstract:
Surveys were carried out between 1987 and 1989 on Maatsuyker I. and nearby Needle Rocks off southern Tasmania to establish the status and identification of the seals present. New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, were found on Maatsuyker I. There were at least 15 pups born on the island in 1987/88. Australian fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, use the islands as a haulout site but do not breed here. The distribution of New Zealand fur seals can now be amended to include Tasmanian waters. Records discussed here also alter aspects of the status of Australian fur seals because the Maatsuyker group is not a breeding site for this species and breeding colonies are therefore restricted to Bass Strait waters.
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Kirkwood, Roger, David Pemberton, Rosemary Gales, Andrew J. Hoskins, Tony Mitchell, Peter D. Shaughnessy, and John P. Y. Arnould. "Continued population recovery by Australian fur seals." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 6 (2010): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09213.
Full textAbstract:
Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) are conspicuous, top-level predators in coastal waters of south-eastern Australia that were over-harvested during the 1800s and have had a delayed recovery. A previous species-wide estimate of live pups in 2002 recorded a near-doubling of annual pup production and a 5% annual growth rate since the 1980s. To determine if pup production increased after 2002, we estimated live pup numbers in 2007. Pups were recorded at 20 locations: 10 previously known colonies, three newly recognised colonies and seven haul-out sites where pups are occasionally born. Two colonies adjacent to the Victorian coast accounted for 51% of live pups estimated: Seal Rocks (5660 pups, 25.9%) and Lady Julia Percy Island (5574 pups, 25.5%). Although some colonies were up and some were down in pup numbers, the 2007 total of 21 882 ± 187 (s.e.) live pups did not differ significantly from a recalculated estimate of 21 545 ± 184 in 2002, suggesting little change to overall population size. However, the colonisation of three new sites between 2002 and 2007 indicates population recovery has continued.
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Lento, Gina M., Robert H. Mattlin, Geoffrey K. Chambers, and C. Scott Baker. "Geographic distribution of mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA haplotypes in New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-040.
Full textAbstract:
Nucleotides spanning 361 base pairs of the 5′ portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were sequenced from 16 New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, representing seven rookeries in three different regions: the east and west coasts of New Zealand, and Western Australia. Five different mitochondrial haplotypes were observed in these novel sequence data for this species. The geographical distribution of the cytochrome b haplotypes was shown to be heterogeneous by three statistical tests. The major finding of this study is the difference between haplotypes found in fur seals from Western Australian rookeries and haplotypes found in fur seals from New Zealand rookeries. The nucleotide sequence difference found in pairwise comparisons among the surveyed individuals is in the range 0.3–0.8%. One individual showed an unexpectedly large sequence divergence (range 3.3–4.2%) from all other fur seals in this study. We compare alternative hypotheses that this individual is a descendant of an ancient maternal lineage which survived a population bottleneck, that New Zealand fur seals exhibit a rather large amount of genetic variability at this locus, or that this particular individual is a hybrid. Western Australian rookeries were extirpated as a result of sealing during the early 1800s. The geographic distribution of mitochondrial cytochrome b haplotypes suggests that the extirpated Australian rookeries were not recolonized by migrants from New Zealand. No genetic division between fur seal populations sampled from the east and west coasts of New Zealand is revealed using this region of the mitochondrial genome as a genetic marker, but we suggest that it should be possible to create a more discriminating test by examining a more variable DNA target such as the mitochondrial control region.
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Kirkwood, Roger, and John P. Y. Arnould. "Foraging trip strategies and habitat use during late pup rearing by lactating Australian fur seals." Australian Journal of Zoology 59, no. 4 (2011): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo11080.
Full textAbstract:
Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) are the most conspicuous and abundant marine mammal in shelf waters of south-eastern Australia. To successfully rear offspring, the females must encounter sufficient prey on each foraging trip out of a central place for periods up to11 months each year. We investigated foraging trip strategies and habitat use by the females in three winter–spring periods, 2001–03, from four colonies that span the species’ latitudinal range and contribute 80% of pup production. Trip durations of 37 females averaged 6.1 ± 0.5 (s.e.) days, although >90% of the seal’s time at sea was spent <150 km travel (<2 days) away. Most females exhibited strong fidelities to individually preferred hot-spots. Females from colonies adjacent to productive shelf-edge waters generally had shorter trips, had smaller ranges, foraged closer to colonies and exhibited less diversity in trip strategies than did those from colonies more distant from a shelf-edge. From a management perspective, there was minimal overlap (<1%) between where females foraged and a system of marine reserves established in 2007, suggesting that habitats visited by lactating Australian fur seals currently receive minimal legislative protection.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Australian fur seals"
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Tripovich, Joy Sophie. "Acoustic communication in Australian fur seals." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1690.
Full textAbstract:
Communication is a fundamental process that allows animals to effectively transfer information between groups or individuals. Recognition plays an essential role in permitting animals to distinguish individuals based upon both communicatory and non-communicatory signals allowing animals to direct suitable behaviours towards them. Several modes of recognition exist and in colonial breeding animals which congregate in large numbers, acoustic signalling is thought to be the most effective as it suffers less from environmental degradation. Otariid seals (fur seals and sea lions) are generally colonial breeding species which congregate at high densities on offshore islands. In contrast to the other Arctocephaline species, the Australian fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, along with its conspecific, the Cape fur seal, A. p. pusillus, display many of the behavioural traits of sea lions. This may have important consequences in terms of its social structure and evolution. The acoustic communication of Australian fur seals was studied on Kanowna Island, Bass Strait, Australia. Analysing the acoustic structure of vocalisations and their use facilitates our understanding of the social function of calls in animal communication. The vocal repertoires of males, females, pups and yearlings were characterised and their behavioural context examined. Call structural variations in males were evident with changes in behavioural context, indicating parallel changes in the emotive state of sender. For a call to be used in vocal recognition it must display stereotypy within callers and variation between them. In Australian fur seal females and pups, individuals were found to have unique calls. Mutual mother-pup recognition has been suggested for otariids and this study supports the potential for this process to occur through the use of vocalisations. Call structural changes in pup vocalisations were also investigated over the progression of the year, from birth to weaning. Vocalisations produced by pups increased in duration, lowered in both the number of parts per call and the harmonic band containing the maximum frequency as they became older, suggesting calls are changing constantly as pups grow toward maturity. It has been suggested through descriptive reports, that the bark call produced by males is important to vocal recognition. The present study quantified this through the analysis of vocalisations produced by male Australian fur seals. Results support descriptive evidence suggesting that male barks can be used to discriminate callers. Traditional playback studies further confirmed that territorial male Australian fur seals respond significantly more to the calls of strangers than to those of neighbours, supporting male vocal recognition. This study modified call features of the bark to determine the importance to vocal recognition. The results indicate that the whole frequency spectrum was important to recognition. There was also an increase in response from males when they heard more bark units, indicating the importance of repetition by a caller. Recognition occurred when males heard between 25-75% of each bark unit, indicating that the whole duration of each bark unit is not necessary for recognition to occur. This may have particular advantages for communication in acoustically complex breeding environments, where parts of calls may be degraded by the environment. The present study examined the life history characteristics of otariids to determine the factors likely to influence and shape its vocal behaviour. Preliminary results indicate that female density, body size and the breeding environment all influence the vocal behaviour of otariids, while duration of lactation and the degree of polygyny do not appear to be influential. Understanding these interactions may help elucidate how vocal recognition and communication have evolved in different pinniped species.
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Tripovich, Joy Sophie. "Acoustic communication in Australian fur seals." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1690.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Communication is a fundamental process that allows animals to effectively transfer information between groups or individuals. Recognition plays an essential role in permitting animals to distinguish individuals based upon both communicatory and non-communicatory signals allowing animals to direct suitable behaviours towards them. Several modes of recognition exist and in colonial breeding animals which congregate in large numbers, acoustic signalling is thought to be the most effective as it suffers less from environmental degradation. Otariid seals (fur seals and sea lions) are generally colonial breeding species which congregate at high densities on offshore islands. In contrast to the other Arctocephaline species, the Australian fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, along with its conspecific, the Cape fur seal, A. p. pusillus, display many of the behavioural traits of sea lions. This may have important consequences in terms of its social structure and evolution. The acoustic communication of Australian fur seals was studied on Kanowna Island, Bass Strait, Australia. Analysing the acoustic structure of vocalisations and their use facilitates our understanding of the social function of calls in animal communication. The vocal repertoires of males, females, pups and yearlings were characterised and their behavioural context examined. Call structural variations in males were evident with changes in behavioural context, indicating parallel changes in the emotive state of sender. For a call to be used in vocal recognition it must display stereotypy within callers and variation between them. In Australian fur seal females and pups, individuals were found to have unique calls. Mutual mother-pup recognition has been suggested for otariids and this study supports the potential for this process to occur through the use of vocalisations. Call structural changes in pup vocalisations were also investigated over the progression of the year, from birth to weaning. Vocalisations produced by pups increased in duration, lowered in both the number of parts per call and the harmonic band containing the maximum frequency as they became older, suggesting calls are changing constantly as pups grow toward maturity. It has been suggested through descriptive reports, that the bark call produced by males is important to vocal recognition. The present study quantified this through the analysis of vocalisations produced by male Australian fur seals. Results support descriptive evidence suggesting that male barks can be used to discriminate callers. Traditional playback studies further confirmed that territorial male Australian fur seals respond significantly more to the calls of strangers than to those of neighbours, supporting male vocal recognition. This study modified call features of the bark to determine the importance to vocal recognition. The results indicate that the whole frequency spectrum was important to recognition. There was also an increase in response from males when they heard more bark units, indicating the importance of repetition by a caller. Recognition occurred when males heard between 25-75% of each bark unit, indicating that the whole duration of each bark unit is not necessary for recognition to occur. This may have particular advantages for communication in acoustically complex breeding environments, where parts of calls may be degraded by the environment. The present study examined the life history characteristics of otariids to determine the factors likely to influence and shape its vocal behaviour. Preliminary results indicate that female density, body size and the breeding environment all influence the vocal behaviour of otariids, while duration of lactation and the degree of polygyny do not appear to be influential. Understanding these interactions may help elucidate how vocal recognition and communication have evolved in different pinniped species.
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Gibbens, John Robert. "Demography of Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus)." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5788.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) population has displayed a relatively slow rate of recovery since being hunted by commercial sealers during the early 19th century. Despite this, population abundance doubled in the past 2 – 3 decades, indicating that the population growth rate has recently increased. Yet, the factors influencing the population’s dynamics are poorly understood, primarily because basic demographic rates are unknown.Female age, survival, fecundity, breeding and physiology were studied at Kanowna Island, Bass Strait, Australia, between 2003 – 2006 by conducting censuses and captures (n = 294). Mark-recapture estimates of pup production were used to validate direct pup counts, allowing a 9-year dataset to be used for calculation of the population growth rate (2.2% p.a.) and investigation of environmental influences on reproductive success. Annual pup production (x = 3108) was synchronous, with 90% of births occurring within 28 days of the median birth date of 23 November. Births occurred earlier in years when pup production and female body condition were high and these factors were correlated with local oceanographic indicators, suggesting that reproductive success is constrained by environmentally-mediated nutritional stress.
Pregnancy was assessed by blood plasma progesterone radioimmunoassay and the pupping status of the same females was observed during breeding season. Despite high mid-gestation pregnancy rates (x = 84%), the birth rate was lower than in other fur seals (x = 53%), suggesting that late-term abortion is common. Lactating females were less likely to pup, indicating that nutrition may be insufficient to support concurrent lactation and gestation.
Age and morphometric data were used to construct body growth, age structure and survivorship models. Adult female survival rates were similar to those of other fur seals (x = 88.5%). A life table was constructed and its age-specific survival and fecundity rates used in a Leslie-matrix model to project the population growth rate (2.2% p.a.) and determine the relative influence of each parameter. The abundance of female non-pups was 6 times greater than that of female pups, which is approximately 50% higher than previous conversion factors used to extrapolate population abundance from pup censuses in Australian fur seals. However, if the non-pup sex ratios of other otariids are considered, the pup:population conversion factor is 4.5.
Compared to a study performed before the recent population increase, the modern population displays similar body growth and fecundity rates but higher survival rates. This suggests that recent population growth resulted from a relaxation of hunting and/or predation mortality rather than from increased food availability. The low population growth rate is attributed to a low birth rate associated with nutritional stress, yet despite this, body growth occurs rapidly. Such characteristics are typical of sea lions rather than fur seals, perhaps because Australian fur seals employ the typical sea lion strategy of using benthic foraging to exploit a continental shelf habitat. The effect of ecological niche on population dynamics in the Otariidae is discussed.
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Page, Brad, and page bradley@saugov sa gov au. "Niche partitioning among fur seals." La Trobe University. Zoology Department, School of Life Sciences, 2005. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20060622.153716.
Full textAbstract:
At Cape Gantheaume, Kangaroo Island (South Australia), adult male, lactating female
and juvenile New Zealand (NZ) and Australian fur seals regularly return to the same
colony, creating the potential for intra- and inter-specific foraging competition in nearby
waters. I hypothesised that these demographic groups would exhibit distinct foraging
strategies, which reduce competition and facilitate their coexistence. I analysed the diet
of adult male, adult female and juvenile NZ fur seals and adult male Australian fur seals
and studied the diving behaviour of adult male and lactating female NZ fur seals and the
at-sea movements of juvenile, adult male and lactating female NZ fur seals. Female diet
reflected that of a generalist predator, influenced by prey availability and their
dependant pups� fasting abilities. In contrast, adult male NZ and Australian fur seals
used larger and more energy-rich prey, most likely because they could more efficiently
access and handle such prey. Juvenile fur seals primarily utilised small lantern fish,
which occur south of the shelf break, in pelagic waters. Juveniles undertook the longest
foraging trips and adult males conducted more lengthy trips than lactating females,
which perform relatively brief trips in order to regularly nurse their pups. Unlike lactating
females, some adult males appeared to rest underwater by performing dives that were
characterised by a period of passive drifting through the water column. The large body
sizes of adult males and lactating females facilitated the use of both benthic and pelagic
habitats, but adult males dived deeper and for longer than lactating females, facilitating
vertical separation of their foraging habitats. Spatial overlap in foraging habitats among
the age/sex groups was minimal, because lactating females typically utilised continental
shelf waters and males used deeper water over the shelf break, beyond female foraging
grounds. Furthermore, juveniles used pelagic waters, up to 1000 km south of the
regions used by lactating females and adult males. The age and sex groups in this
study employed dramatically different strategies to maximise their survival and
reproductive success. Their prey and foraging habitats are likely to be shaped by body
size differences, which determine their different physiological constraints and metabolic
requirements. I suggest that these physiological constraints and the lactation
constraints on females are the primary factors that reduce competition, thereby
facilitating niche partitioning.
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McKenzie, Jane, and janemckenzie@malpage com. "Population demographics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." La Trobe University. Zoology Department, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080509.121141.
Full textAbstract:
Assessment of trophic interactions between increasing populations of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) and fisheries in southern Australia is limited due to a lack of species specific demographic data and an understanding of the factors influencing population growth. To establish species specific demographic parameters a cross-sectional sample of New Zealand fur seal females (330) and males (100) were caught and individually-marked on Kangaroo Island, South Australia between 2000 and 2003. The seals were aged through examination of a postcanine tooth, which was removed from each animal to investigate age-specific life-history parameters. Annual formation of cementum layers was confirmed and accuracy in age estimation was determined by examination of teeth removed from individuals of known-age. Indirect methods of assessing reproductive maturity based on mammary teat characteristics indicated that females first gave birth between 4-8 years of age, with an average age at reproductive maturity of 5 years. Among reproductively mature females, age-specific reproductive rates increased rapidly between 4-7 years of age, reaching maximum rates of 70-81% between 8-13 years, and gradually decreased in older females. No females older than 22 years were recorded to pup. Age of first territory tenure in males ranged from 8-10 years. The oldest female and male were 25 and 19 years old, respectively. Post-weaning growth in females was monophasic, characterised by high growth rates in length and mass during the juvenile growth stage, followed by a gradual decline in growth rates after reproductive maturity. In contrast, growth in males was biphasic and displayed a secondary growth spurt in both length and mass, which coincided with sexual and social maturation, followed by a rapid decline in growth rates. Age-specific survival rates were high (0.823-0.953) among prime-age females (8-13 yrs of age) and declined in older females. Relative change in annual pup production was strongly correlated with reproductive rates of prime-age females and adult female survival between breeding seasons.
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Cárdenas-Alayza, Susana. "Prey abundance and population dynamics of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) in Peru." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42356.
Full textAbstract:
South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) continue to survive in Peru in spite of commercial harvesting, periodic disappearance of prey (i.e., El Niño), and competition with the Peruvian anchoveta fishery. I investigated the ability of the Peruvian population of fur seals to recover from catastrophic declines at two temporal and spatial scales. The first analysis determined intrinsic rate of growth (r) and the potential carrying capacity (K*—the number of fur seals that could be supported in Peru in the absence of sealing and El Niño) from 1880–2010, and the second used pup counts from 1984–2010 to determine the relationship between prey abundance and the timing of pupping at an important fur seal breeding site in southern Peru. Model results indicated that South American fur seals in Peru have an intrinsic growth rate r of 0.20 and a potential carrying capacity K* of 115,000 seals. Recent counts (2007) show that current population is at 33% of the estimated mean numbers of fur seals alive from 1880-1925. Analysis of 25 years of counts of pups and adult females at the breeding site showed a correlation between anchoveta biomass and mean birth dates (r² = 0.59, P<0.01) and with the ratio of pups to females (r² = 0.66, P<0.01) in the upcoming breeding seasons. It also revealed a 2-week shift in the mean birth date that may reflect a change in the age structure of the population. Numbers of pups born tended to be lower in years with low anchoveta biomass, as did recruitment of young females. Monitoring daily numbers of pups born and adult females appears to be a useful means to assess the feeding conditions encountered by South American fur seals in Peru. My study also suggests that South American fur seals are adapted to survive in extremely disturbed environments and have the potential to rapidly recover following population declines. Whether or not they ever again achieve their potential carrying capacity will depend upon protection of breeding rookeries, a continued harvest ban, reduced bycatch, incidental captures and illegal poaching, regulation of anchoveta fishing quotas and good environmental conditions.
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Parlane, Shelagh Leslie. "Behavioural patterns of male South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) and their effects on mating success." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363681.
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Mating success of individual males in polygynous species varies extensively but the factors which affect it are not always clear. This study examined four behavioural parameters of individually recognisable, territorial, male South American fur seals, Arctocephalus australis, in Peru, and their consequences for mating success. The tenure patterns, territory characteristics, time budgets, aggression rates and mating success of up to 224 male fur seals were studied between 1992-1994. Mean day that territorial tenure began was 21st October, the number of tenures held ranged from 1-5, mean tenure duration was 9.7 days (CL=9-11 days) and mean total tenure duration was 13 days (CL=11-16 days). Significantly fewer males defended territories in 1993 than in 1992 or 1994 but timing, number and duration of tenures were similar. Males which held more than one tenure per season (multi-tenures) arrived earlier and remained ashore for longer but the duration of their individual tenures was similar to single tenure duration. Males arrived earlier and increased their total tenure duration in successive years. The number of tenures males held varied between years. Mean territory area was 35m2 (CL=28-44m2) and did not differ between years, single and multi-tenure males or seasonally. Seventy percent of territories provided access to water, varying between 0-92% of the territory. Territories classified as deep pool territories were significantly larger than all other types. High levels of site fidelity were shown both within and between years. Water habitats were favoured for copulations with selection being greatest for tide pools. Males spent 96% of their time resting, 37% of which was spent upright. Active time was spent interacting with females (3%). Interacting with males, locomotion in and out of water and other activities occupied 1% of their time. Time budgets did not vary seasonally or between single and multi-tenure males. Time spent active decreased significantly in subsequent years for males that returned in all 3 years. Increased time spent active was related to higher proportions of water in the territory and shorter total tenure durations.
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Guimarães, Juliana Plácido. "Análise Morfológica e Ultra-estrutural do Coração do Lobo-Marinho-do-Sul (Arctocephus australis, Zimmermann, 1783)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-03122010-105433/.
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O lobo-marinho-do-sul pertencente à ordem Carnivora, subordem Pinnipedia e família Otariidae habita ambientes aquáticos e terrestres e, desta forma, apresentando alterações morfofisiológicas adaptativas importantes, entre elas o sistema cardíaco. O coração é o órgão muscular central do sistema circulatório que tem como função o transporte de oxigênio e nutrientes para os tecidos, assim como o transporte de dióxido de carbono. Considerando a importância deste órgão para o funcionamento geral dos demais sistemas corpóreos, este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a morfologia e aspectos morfométricos do coração a fim de estabelecer comparações entre o coração do lobo-marinho-do-sul com outros pinípedes e carnívoros terrestres. Para tanto, foram utilizados corações de lobo-marinho-do-sul (Arctocephalus australis) que vierem a óbito por causas naturais. Após análise macroscópica e realização de mensurações, os corações foram analisados em nível de microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, por meio de crio fratura em nitrogênio líquido, e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. As características topográficas e morfológicas do coração do lobo-marinho-do-sul são descritas. O órgão é quase totalmente envolto pelo pulmão e revestido pelo pericárdio tendo uma forma alongada e achatada. Os aspectos ultra-estruturais apresentaram a disposição de fibras musculares dos átrios e ventrículos com as características típicas de fibras cardíacas revelando os feixes de miofibrilas, mitocôndrias com as cristas mitocondriais nítidas, junções em forma de placas, anastosmoses entre os feixes de miofibrilas e grânulos elétron-densos, nátrio-uréticos, próximo ao núcleo das células musculares ou ao longo da disposição de mitocôndrias das fibras musculares de átrios.The southern-fur-seal belongs to the order Carnivora, suborder Pinnipedia and Otariidae family lives in aquatic and terrestrial environments and thus presenting important adaptive morpho-physiological changes, between then the cardiovascular system. The heart is the central muscular organ of the circulatory system whose function is to transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues, as well as the transport of carbon dioxide. Considering the importance of this organ to the overall functioning of other body systems, this study was to aim to describe the morphology and morphometric aspects of the heart in order to establish comparisons between the heart of the southern-fur-seals with other pinnipeds and terrestrial carnivores. Therefore, hearts of southern-fur-seals (Arctocephalus australis) were used that come to death by natural pathologies. After macroscopic analysis and execution of measurements, the hearts were analyzed at the level of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, using cryo fracture in liquid nitrogen, and transmission electron microscopy. The heart of the fur seal-of-south is surrounded almost entirely by the lung and covered by the pericardium, having long, flat in shape. The ultrastructural aspects presented the dispositive of muscle fibers of the atrium and ventricles under the typical cardiac fibers revelry the myofibrils bundles, mitochondria with mitochondrial cristal, junction in form of plates, anastomosis between the myofibrils bundles, and electron dense granules like natriun-uretriz near to nuclear of muscle cells or along the disposal of mitochondria of the muscle fibers of atrium.
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Phillips, Alana Violette. "Vocal communication and mother-pup interactions in the South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28977.pdf.
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Silva, Ana Paula da. "Organização e arquitetura microscópica do sistema tegumentar do Lobo-marinho-sul-americano (Arctocephalus australis, Zimmermann, 1783)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-08012009-091944/.
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O lobo-marinho-sul-americano (Arctocephalus australis) membro da Ordem Carnivora, é comumente visto nos períodos de outono e inverno na costa brasileira do Rio Grande do Sul até o Rio de Janeiro, porém, sem colônias reprodutivas estabelecidas. A espécie pertence ao grupo dos pinípedes, carnívoros com membros em forma de nadadeiras que vivem em ambiente aquático e terrestre. Estudos sobre a morfologia da pele em pinípedes são raros e antigos, destes procederam muitos relatos divergentes, em virtude da colheita da pele sem referências anatômicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever o sistema tegumentar da espécie Arctocephalus australis, utilizando animais que vieram a óbito por causas naturais de uma colônia reprodutiva do Uruguai. As áreas corporais colhidas dorso-ventralmente foram identificadas anatomicamente. Essas regiões foram examinadas por microscopia óptica, segundo critérios histológicos, histomorfométricos, histoquímicos e imuno-histoquímicos nas diferentes estruturas que constituem o sistema tegumentar. A pele do Arctocephalus australis apresentou diferenças entre as regiões de epiderme delgada e espessa. A epiderme delgada apresentou maior quantidade de pêlos do que a epiderme espessa, a qual em algumas regiões era destituída destes. Como os demais mamíferos, a pele do lobo-marinho-sul-americano apresentou glândulas sebáceas, glândulas sudoríparas apócrinas e merócrinas. As nadadeiras apresentaram o maior número de especializações entre as regiões do corpo estudadas, especialmente vinculadas à termorregulação, como o maior volume de glândulas sudoríparas e secções vasculares. Esta pesquisa apontou os aspectos morfofuncionais relacionados à biologia da espécie em ambientes distintos, e esclareceu alguns dados controversos na literatura sobre o sistema tegumentar em pinípedes.The South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) members of the Order Carnivora is usually seen during the autumn and winter season in the Brazilian coast from Rio Grande do Sul to Rio de Janeiro, however, there are no reports of reproductive colonies established. The species belongs to the group of pinnipeds, carnivorous with limbs fin-shaped that inhabits both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Studies of the skin morphology are rare and ancient; these studies have arisen many divergent reports, due to sampling of the skin without anatomical references. The purpose of this research was to describe the integumentary system of the species Arctocephalus australis, using animals that came to death by natural cases from reproductive colonies from Uruguay. The body dorsal and ventral regions were identified anatomically. These regions were examined by light microscopy, according to the histological, histomophometric, histochemical and immunohistochemical criteria in the different structures constituting the integumentary system. The skin of the Arctocephalus australis showed differences between the thin and thick epidermis. The thin epidermis showed larger amount of hair follicles than the thicker epidermis, which in some regions was devoid of hair. As well as the other mammals, the South-american-fur-seal skin showed sebaceous glands, apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. The limbs showed the largest number of the specialization among the regions of the body examined, particularly related to thermoregulation, as well as the largest volume fraction of sweat glands and vascular sections. This research pointed the morphofunctional aspects related to biology of the species in different environments, and elucidated some controversial data in the investigation about the integumentary system in pinnipeds.
Books on the topic "Australian fur seals"
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Hengel, Katherine. It's a baby Australian fur seal! Edina, Minn: ABDO, 2010.
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For those who've come across the seas...: Australian multicultural theory, policy, and practice. North Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly, 2013.
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Daniel, Richard. Atlas of Australian and New Zealand hydrocarbon seals: Worldwide analogs for cap rocks and intraformational barriers in clastic depositional settings. Tulsa, Okla: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2012.
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1966-, Dixon Chris, ed. Hollywood's South Seas and the Pacific war: Searching for Dorothy Lamour. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
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Great Britain. Sovereign (1952- : Elizabeth II). Western Australia: Letters Patent passed under the Great Seal of the Realm revokingthe Letters Patent of 29th October 1900 and making new provision for the Office of Governor of the State of Western Australia. London: HMSO, 1986.
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South Australia: Letters. Patent passed under the Great Seal of the Realm revoking the Letters Patent of 29th October 1900, as amended, and making new provision for the office of Governor of the State of South Australia. London: HMSO, 1986.
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University of New England. School of English, Communication and Theatre. Australian folklore and folk speech: A course in part focussed on the text of The hidden culture: Folklore in Australian society by Graham Seal (text of 1988, 1993), and illustrated for folk speech by such a work as Hughes, Joan (ed.) The concise Australian national dictionary (1992) : Study guide (with the twelve clusterings of weekly background reading, complementary material and suggested tasks). Armidale: Printed at the University of New England, 1998.
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University of New England. School of English, Communication and Theatre. Australian folklore and folk speech: A course in part focussed on the text of The hidden culture: Folklore in Australian society by Graham Seal (text of 1988, 1993), and illustrated for folk speech by such a work as Hughes, Joan (ed.) The concise Australian national dictionary (1992) : Study guide (with the twelve clusterings of weekly background reading, complementary material and suggested tasks). Armidale: Printed at the University of New England, 1998.
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Tasmania: Letters Patent passed under the Great Seal of the Realm revoking the Letters Patent of 29th October 1900, as amended, and making new provision for the office of Governor of the State of Tasmania and its dependencies in the Commonwealth of Australia. London: HMSO, 1986.
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Bidini, Dave. Home and away: One writer's inspiring experience at the Homeless World Cup. New York: Skyhorse Pub., 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Australian fur seals"
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Elliott, Max S. "Notes on weaning and prolonged lactation in Australian Fur-seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) at Taronga Zoo." In Marine Mammals of Australasia, 121–23. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1988.005.
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Lovasz, Terijo, David B. Croft, and Peter Banks. "Establishing tourism guidelines for viewing Australian Sea Lions Neophoca cinerea at Seal Bay Conservation Park, South Australia." In Too close for comfort, 225–32. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2008.026.
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Crespo, Enrique Alberto, and Larissa Rosa de Oliveira. "South American Fur Seal (Arctocephalus australis, Zimmerman 1783)." In Ecology and Conservation of Pinnipeds in Latin America, 13–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63177-2_2.
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Kirkwood, Roger J., and Rebecca R. McIntosh. "Australian Fur Seal: Adapting to Coexist in a Shared Ecosystem." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid, 587–619. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7_27.
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Burleigh, Alex, Tim Lynch, and Tracey Rogers. "Best practice techniques for monitoring the fur seal haul-out site at Steamers Head, NSW, Australia." In Too close for comfort, 233–45. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2008.027.
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Burleigh, Alex, Tim Lynch, and Tracey Rogers. "Status of the Steamers Head (NSW) Australian and New Zealand fur seal haul-out site and influence of environmental factors and stochastic disturbance on seal behaviour." In Too close for comfort, 246–54. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2008.028.
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Kirkman, Stephen P., and John P. Y. Arnould. "Cape and Australian Fur Seals." In Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 158–61. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804327-1.00083-2.
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Tull, Malcolm, and Tom Polacheck. "The Potential for Historical Studies of Fisheries in Australia and New Zealand." In The Exploited Seas, 181–206. Liverpool University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973007312.003.0009.
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Malcolm Tull, Tom Polacheck, and Neil Klaer examine the primary sources - particularly printed statistical sources - and secondary literature in order to understand the impact of commercial fishing and harvesting of fish across Australia and New Zealand - including a case study of the multi-species Southeast Australain Trawl Fishery. The authors note that fisheries in Australia and New Zealand have historically been managed by small, family operations, so the records pertining to them are sparse. As a result, most of the records in this chapter come from governmental sources - such as reports and inquiries into Australasian fisheries.
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Mamtora, Jayshree, and Peter Walton. "Across the Seas." In Advances in Library and Information Science, 204–17. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4365-9.ch017.
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This chapter reports on four current and significant collaborative projects between Australia and the Pacific Islands in the area of libraries, archives and information centres, their respective staff, and Pacific counterparts. In the context of this chapter, and mirroring the Australian Government’s Pacific policies, all the collaborations mentioned involve countries in the south Pacific (i.e. Melanesia and Polynesia), although two Micronesian countries with strong links to Australia—Kiribati and Nauru—are included. The projects are: Pacific Manuscripts Bureau – microfilming and preserving historic documents; Pacific Islands Law Library Community Twinning Program; Marine Library Twinning Project; and the Melanesian Agricultural Information System. Based on experiences in carrying out these projects, this chapter shares some strategies for successful collaboration and the value of such projects.
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Urwin, Chris, Lynette Russell, and Lily Yulianti Farid. "Cross-Cultural Interaction across the Arafura and Timor Seas." In The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea, C51.S1—C51.N8. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190095611.013.51.
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Abstract Prior to sustained contact with Europeans, Aboriginal people in parts of northern Australia—coastal regions of the Kimberley, Arnhem Land, and the Gulf of Carpentaria—interacted with people from South Sulawesi and other parts of eastern Indonesia, especially Makassar. The visitors (often called ‘Macassans’) arrived on Australian shores annually in sailing ships (praus) to harvest trepang (also called sea cucumber, bêche-de-mer) and to exchange things and ideas with Aboriginal people. Within Australia, evidence for these interactions can be seen in Macassan trepang processing sites (often associated with introduced tamarind trees); the inclusion of Indonesian borrow words in local Aboriginal languages; paintings of praus in Aboriginal rock art sites; and Aboriginal archaeological deposits containing Asian pottery, metal, and glass. More broadly, the histories of these interactions are found within oral traditions from either side of the Arafura and Timor Seas. Archaeology has begun to show that Aboriginal people selectively engaged in exchange with Indonesian people, using traded items to sustain customary exchange and new maritime technology to transform how they engaged with coast and sea. Macassan trepanging visits to northern Australia date from the eighteenth century to c. CE 1907, though some archaeological and oral historical evidence suggests that initial encounters occurred before CE 1664. Yet key questions remain regarding the nature of Macassan-Aboriginal interactions, and, fundamentally, the chronology of cross-cultural contact in northern Australia.
Conference papers on the topic "Australian fur seals"
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Yielding, G., C. Consoli, and P. Boult. "Fault-seal Risk Analysis for CO2 Storage in the Petrel Sub-basin, NW Australia." In Fourth International Conference on Fault and Top Seals. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414051.
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McIntosh, R. R., P. D. Shaughnessy, and S. D. Goldsworthy. "Mark-recapture estimates of pup production for the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) at Seal Bay Conservation Park, South Australia." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.24.
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Langhi, L., Y. Zhang, B. Ciftci, C. Delle Piane, J. Strand, D. Dewhurst, L. Stalker, and K. Michael. "Preliminary Analysis of Containment Integrity for Geological Storage of CO2 at the South West Hub Project, Western Australia." In Fourth International Conference on Fault and Top Seals. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414052.
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Field*, Brad, Dominic P. Strogen, Hai Zhu, Tusar R. Sahoo, Angela G. Griffin, Mark J. Lawrence, Chris Martin, Randall McDonnell, Katie Jones, and Ric Daniel. "Basin Screening for Seal Rock Quality, New Zealand Region." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2191289.
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Zahirovic*, Sabin, Nicky Wright, Dietmar Muller, and Maria Seton. "Data-Driven Paleogeographic Reconstructions as Constraints for the Advance and Retreat of Australian Shallow Seas." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2211540.
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Thomas, Giles, Alexandra Ford, Landon Kibby, Jonathan Binns, Ian Finnie, and Neil Kavanagh. "Wave-Induced Motions of Gas Cat: A Novel Catamaran for Gas Processing and Offloading." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79094.
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The preliminary development of the novel concept of using a large catamaran, known as Gas Cat, as a floating natural gas processing and offloading facility is outlined. The proposed system is based on two ship-shaped hulls joined by a spanning superstructure. For off-loading purposes a carrier may dock with or be tethered to the catamaran. A concept design has been developed based on two retrofitted VLCCs allowing for the processing and storage of 1 million bbls of condensate and approximately 240,000 m3 of LNG. A key aspect of the development of this concept is the accurate estimation of the motions of the catamaran in a variety of operational scenarios. Model experiments were conducted in the Model Test Basin of the Australian Maritime College using a 1:78 scale model of two full-form hulls converted into a catamaran configuration. Tests were conducted in head, beam and oblique seas for two hull spacings and a range of wave heights. The experimental results show that, for the range of wave conditions tested, good linearity of the motions can be expected with respect to wave height. An increase in demihull separation was found to significantly reduce the sway, heave and roll motions in beam seas. However a change in demihull separation had little influence on the motions in oblique seas. A change in heading angle from head seas to beam seas significantly increased the sway, heave and roll motions whilst reducing pitch motions. Bow quartering seas was seen to be the worst heading angle for yaw. The results from the experiments allowed the expected motions of the Gas Cat to be determined in extreme weather conditions.
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Ming, Li, Xia Zhaohui, Liu Lingli, Cui Zehong, Duan LiJiang, and Wang Jianjun. "CoalBed Methane Pad Wells Completion and Artificial Lift Optimizations: Case Study From Australia Surat Basin DS Gas Field." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21451-ms.
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Abstract The Coalbed Methane in Australia Surat Basin is main gas source for LNG project in east coast of Australia[1]. Traditionally, Coalbed Methane are drilled by vertical wells. But there are big intensively farmed land coverage in the Surat Basin, the multiple wells on single, larger pad from the surface, the bores slant away at around 70 degrees to intersect multiple, thin coal seams are applied to avoid the extra "footprint" and decrease the environment affect. Many pad wells production failure because of poor interburden isolation. Excessive solids production in pad wells resulted in new failures of holes in tubing due to accelerated erosion, which bring big challenges for the Coalbed methane production in deviated pad wells. The gas production in pad wells are analysised and the new pad wells optimization are proposed. First, the complete wire log (at least include GR and density log curves) need to acquire for correct thin coal seams correlation and locate the interburden sandstone position for future good sandstone isolation. Second the customized completion strategy and placement (swell packer) are applied in the pad wells and specialized tubing with enhanced erosion resistance to extend the run life. Thirdly ESP pumps and optimized tubing are installed in new deviated wells for good gas production. After the pad wells were put into production, the gas production was kept well for long time without pump problems. Swell able packer completion significantly eliminates sand problem by isolating in excess of or close to 80% of interburden sand. The above well completion and artificial lift optimization methods bring good production performance for the new pad wells and contribute much production for the producing gas field. The swellable packer completion also can be used in vertical wells and will be standard well completion methods for future gas development wells.
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Blinderman, Michael S. "The Exergy Underground Coal Gasification Technology as a Source of Superior Fuel for Power Generation." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88064.
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Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a gasification process carried on in non-mined coal seams using injection and production wells drilled from the surface, converting coal in situ into a product gas usable for chemical processes and power generation. The UCG process developed, refined and practiced by Ergo Exergy Technologies is called the Exergy UCG Technology or εUCG® Technology. The εUCG technology is being applied in numerous power generation and chemical projects worldwide. These include power projects in South Africa (1,200 MWe), India (750 MWe), Pakistan, and Canada, as well as chemical projects in Australia and Canada. A number of εUCG based industrial projects are now at a feasibility stage in New Zealand, USA, and Europe. An example of εUCG application is the Chinchilla Project in Australia where the technology demonstrated continuous, consistent production of commercial quantities of quality fuel gas for over 30 months. The project is currently targeting a 24,000 barrel per day synthetic diesel plant based on εUCG syngas supply. The εUCG technology has demonstrated exceptional environmental performance. The εUCG methods and techniques of environmental management are an effective tool to ensure environmental protection during an industrial application. A εUCG-IGCC power plant will generate electricity at a much lower cost than existing or proposed fossil fuel power plants. CO2 emissions of the plant can be reduced to a level 55% less than those of a supercritical coal-fired plant and 25% less than the emissions of NG CC.
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Chillamcharla, G. K., K. P. Thiagarajan, and F. Winsor. "Mooring Analysis of a Weathervaning FPSO in Bi-Directional Sea-States." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80053.
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Experimental studies were carried out at the Institute for Ocean Technology, Canada, in collaboration with the University of Western Australia (UWA) to assess the response of a moored 1:60 scaled Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) model in bi-directional seastates. The seastates comprise of a regular swell approaching in the head sea condition, and a JONSWAP wind sea approaching at various angles. The FPSO was moored in position by four spring-loaded mooring lines attached to an internal turret about which the model could weathervane. Previous papers by the authors have described the unpredictable yaw instability of the FPSO driven by long period swells, which was evidenced in the experiments. This creates difficulties in comparing motions from unidirectional and bi-directional seas, because the headings alter the response. However, the mooring tensions are relatively immune to yaw instabilities and this paper discusses effects of bi-directional seas on the mooring tensions. Numerical simulations are conducted using a time domain analysis software which simulates the motions of floating and moored structures in response to irregular seas. Simulations based on the software when compared with model tests at 45, 60 and 90 deg separation between the sea and swell shows reasonable agreement in terms of mooring tensions. Simulations are then conducted for a range of separation angles, and the effects of bi-directionality are further evaluated. It is found that a linear addition of the individual seastates can produce non-conservative results, which reinforces the fact that bi-directional seastates are important considerations for offshore operations of an FPSO.
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Weir, F. M., and J. W. Watton. "Discrete Fracture Network Modelling for a Shallow Cover Road Tunnel System." In 3rd International Discrete Fracture Network Engineering Conference. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-dfne-22-0004.
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Abstract The city of Sydney (Australia) is currently undergoing a major infrastructure construction boom, with numerous rail and road tunnels currently under construction. This paper presents DFN modelling undertaken as part of the tunnel design process for a major road tunnel system in western Sydney. The primary discontinuities controlling block formation are expected to be joints, bedding planes and seams / bedding plane shears, which were included in the DFN model. This paper presents the necessary input parameters for the modelling and derivation of these parameters, along with the model generation process. Multiple realizations of the model were generated, with a stability analysis carried out on each. Given the complicated geometry of the tunnels in the project two representative 100 m lengths of tunnel geometries were analyzed; a wide span cavern (striking 020°) and a mined tunnel (striking 125°). The stability analyses were used to develop the unstable block volume distribution and identify the maximum likely block volume for the crown and sidewalls of the cavern. In addition, the block results were filtered relative to the proposed pattern rock bolting to assist designers with considering shotcrete loads.
Reports on the topic "Australian fur seals"
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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint: A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.
Full textAbstract:
Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.