Journal articles on the topic 'Australian food history'
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Koeberl, Martina, Dean Clarke, Katrina J. Allen, Fiona Fleming, Lisa Katzer, N. Alice Lee, Andreas L. Lopata, et al. "European Regulations for Labeling Requirements for Food Allergens and Substances Causing Intolerances: History and Future." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0386.
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Abstract Food allergies are increasing globally, including numbers of allergens, the sensitization rate, and the prevalence rate. To protect food-allergic individuals in the community, food allergies need to be appropriately managed. This paper describes current Australian food allergen management practices. In Australia, the prevalence of food allergies, the anaphylaxis rate, and the fatal anaphylaxis rate are among the highest in the world. Interagency and stakeholder collaboration is facilitated and enhanced as Australia moves through past, current, and ongoing food allergen challenges. As a result, Australia has been a global leader in regulating the labeling of common allergens in packaged foods and their disclosure in foods not required to bear a label. Moreover, the food industry in Australia and New Zealand has developed a unique food allergen risk management tool, the Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling program, which is managed by the Allergen Bureau. This paper summarizes insights and information provided by the major stakeholders involved to protect food-allergic consumers from any allergic reaction. Stakeholders include government; consumer protection, regulation, and enforcement agencies; the food industry; and food allergen testing and food allergen/allergy research bodies in Australia. The ongoing goal of all stakeholders in food allergen management in Australia is to promote best practice food allergen management procedures and provide a wide choice of foods, while enabling allergic consumers to manage their food allergies and reduce the risk of an allergic reaction.
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Saha, Nipa. "Advertising food to Australian children: has self-regulation worked?" Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 12, no. 4 (October 20, 2020): 525–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-07-2019-0023.
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Purpose This paper aims to outline the historic development of advertising regulation that governs food advertising to children in Australia. Through reviewing primary and secondary literature, such as government reports and research, this paper examines the influence of various regulatory policies that limit children’s exposure to food and beverage marketing on practices across television (TV), branded websites and Facebook pages. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews studies performed by the food industry and public health researchers and reviews of the evidence by government and non-government agencies from the early 19th century until the present day. Also included are several other research studies that evaluate the effects of self-regulation on Australian TV food advertising. Findings The government, public health and the food industry have attempted to respond to the rapid changes within the advertising, marketing and media industries by developing and reviewing advertising codes. However, self-regulation is failing to protect Australian children from exposure to unhealthy food advertising. Practical implications The findings could aid the food and beverage industry, and the self-regulatory system, to promote comprehensive and achievable solutions to the growing obesity rates in Australia by introducing new standards that keep pace with expanded forms of marketing communication. Originality/value This study adds to the research on the history of regulation of food advertising to children in Australia by offering insights into the government, public health and food industry’s attempts to respond to the rapid changes within the advertising, marketing and media industries by developing and reviewing advertising codes.
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Sinclair, John, and Barry Carr. "Making a market for Mexican food in Australia." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 10, no. 2 (May 21, 2018): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-07-2017-0042.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to account for the remarkable proliferation of Mexican restaurants and tequila bars in contemporary urban Australia, in the absence of any geographical contiguity, historical connection or cultural proximity between Australia and Mexico.Design/methodology/approachThe paper traces how the particularities of direct cultural contact, interpersonal networks and grass-roots entrepreneurism can open up new markets, and how the ground is, thus, prepared for subsequent large-scale international corporate entry to those markets. This research is based on interviews with key figures in the development of the Mexican food industry in Australia, interpreted in terms of the extant literature on cultural globalisation. The first-hand accounts of these participants have been interpreted in the light of available secondary sources and relevant theory.FindingsThe most striking theme to emerge in the study is the relative absence of Mexicans, or even Mexico-experienced Australians, in the making of a market for Mexican food in Australia. Rather, initially, Americans were prominent, as entrepreneurs and in forming a consumer market, while in later decades, entrepreneurs and consumers alike have been Australians whose experience of Mexican food has been formed in the United States, not Mexico. The role of hipster subculture and travel is seen as instrumental. Also of interest is the manner in which the personal experiences and interrelationships of the Americans and Australians have shaped the development of the Mexican food industry. This is not to ignore the much more recent participation of a new wave of immigrants from Mexico.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the scope of the study is national, the sharper focus is on the experience of Melbourne; it would be useful for future researchers to investigate other major cities, even if Melbourne has been the most pivotal of Australian cities in the history of Mexican food in Australia. The study has conceptual and theoretical implications for debates around cultural globalisation and “Americanisation”.Originality/valueThe paper provides a close-grained and suitably theorised account of how a particular consumer trend has become extended on a global basis, with particular attention to both individual experience and agency, and corporate activity.
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Dunphy, R., and L. Lockshin. "A history of the Australian wine show system." Journal of Wine Research 9, no. 2 (August 1998): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571269808718139.
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Vincent, Alison. "Learning to cook the Chinese way: Australian Chinese cookbooks of the 1950s." Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajpc_00014_1.
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The history of Chinese migration to Australia and in particular the impact of discriminatory legislation has been the subject of considerable scholarship. Less well documented is the contribution of Chinese immigrants to Australia’s food culture. Chinese cooks had been at work in Australia since at least the 1850s, and cafés and restaurants were serving Chinese food in both urban and rural centres by the 1930s. The first cookery books devoted to Chinese recipes were written by Australian Chinese and published after the Second World War. They provided the curious and the adventurous with information that allowed them to both confidently order food in restaurants and experiment with cooking at home. An important and neglected source, this survey of these publications suggests some of the ways in which Chinese cooks adapted and adopted to produce an ‘Australianized’ Chinese menu.
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Contois, Emily J. H. "“He just smiled and gave me a Vegemite sandwich”." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, no. 3 (August 15, 2016): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-06-2015-0019.
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Purpose Through a case study of J. Walter Thompson and Kraft’s efforts to market Vegemite in the USA in the late 1960s, this paper aims to explore transnational systems of cultural production and consumption, the US’s changing perception of Australia and the influence of culture on whether advertising fails or succeeds. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws from archival primary sources, including advertisements and newspapers, as well as secondary literatures from the fields of advertising history, food studies and transnational studies of popular culture. Findings Although J. Walter Thompson’s advertising contributed to Vegemite’s icon status in Australia, it failed to capture the American market in the late 1960s. In the 1980s, however, Vegemite did capture American interest when it was central to a wave of Australian popular culture that included films, sport and music, particularly Men at Work’s hit song, “Down Under”, whose lyrics mentioned Vegemite. As such, Vegemite’s moment of success stateside occurred without a national advertising campaign. Even when popular, however, Americans failed to like Vegemite’s taste, confirming it as a uniquely culturally specific product. Originality/value This paper analyzes a little-studied advertising campaign. The case study’s interdisciplinary findings will be of interest to scholars of advertising history, twentieth century USA and Australian history and food studies.
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Keating, B. A., and P. S. Carberry. "Emerging opportunities and challenges for Australian broadacre agriculture." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 4 (2010): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09282.
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Agriculture globally and in Australia is at a critical juncture in its history with the current changes to input costs, commodity prices, consumption patterns and food stocks. Constraints are emerging in terms of land and water resources as well as imperatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There is evidence that rates of increase in agricultural productivity are reducing, both in Australia and overseas. On top of all these drivers of change, agriculture is the sector probably most exposed to climate change, and Australian agriculture is as exposed as any in the world. Against this turbulent background, this paper explores some of the emerging opportunities and challenges in Australian agriculture. These include new products or services from agriculture such as biofuels, forest-based carbon storage in agricultural landscapes, bio-sequestration of carbon in agricultural soils, and environmental stewardship schemes that would reward farmers for nature conservation and related non-production services from farming land. Although there are situations where all these emerging opportunities may deliver benefits to both farmers and the wider community, an overall conclusion is that none of these, on their own, will transform the nature of Australian agriculture. Instead, the greatest emerging opportunity for Australian agriculture must be sought from productivity breakthroughs in the face of current and emerging constraints. This view is formed by looking through the lens of the global food production challenge which sees a demand for close to a doubling of food production by 2050 in the face of increasingly constrained land and water resources, soil degradation, increasing energy scarcity and limits on greenhouse gas release to the atmosphere. These same land, water, soil, energy and atmospheric constraints to agriculture apply in Australia and will shape both farming and the agricultural research agenda over coming decades. In the face of such national and global agronomic challenges, a significant threat looms with the skills challenge facing agricultural science in Australia. The demand for the integrative skills of agronomy appears strong but the sector has suffered from disinvestment in recent decades.
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O'Regan, Tom, and Huw Walmsley-Evans. "Media Histories." Media International Australia 157, no. 1 (November 2015): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1515700111.
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If the first section of this Australian Media History issue of MIA focused on the first 50 years of The Australian newspaper, this second section, Media Histories, provides a general selection of articles covering different aspects of Australian media history. Designed to represent the several contemporary trends in Australian media history scholarship, this state-of-the-discipline collection covers a range of media and time periods. It shows how capacious and heterogeneous media history can be, and how indispensible – whether for the examination of media institutions and their regulation, media's intersections with politics and memories, media coverage of racial and ethnic differences across sport, food and national policy, or media's taking up of science with weather forecasting.
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Nanayakkara, Janandani, Claire Margerison, and Anthony Worsley. "Food professionals’ opinions of the Food Studies curriculum in Australia." British Food Journal 119, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 2945–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2017-0112.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the food system professionals’ opinions of a new senior secondary school food literacy curriculum named Victorian Certificate of Education Food Studies in Victoria, Australia. Design/methodology/approach A purposive sample of 34 food system professionals from different sub-sectors within the Australian food system was interviewed individually in late 2015 and early 2016. Interviews were analysed using the template analysis technique. Findings Most participants appreciated the extensive coverage of food literacy aspects in this new curriculum. However, many suggested amendments to the curriculum including pay less emphasis on food history-related topics and pay more focus on primary food production, nutrition awareness and promotion, and food security, food sovereignty, social justice, and food politics. Practical implications A well-structured, comprehensive secondary school food literacy curriculum could play a crucial role in providing food literacy education for adolescents. This will help them to establish healthy food patterns and become responsible food citizens. The findings of this study can be used to modify the new curriculum to make it a more comprehensive, logical, and feasible curriculum. Moreover, these findings could be used to inform the design of new secondary school food literacy curricula in Australia and other countries. Originality/value The exploration of perspectives of professionals from a broad range of food- and nutrition-related areas about school food literacy education makes this study unique. This study highlights the importance of food professionals’ opinions in secondary school food-related curricula development.
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Roberts, Dave CK. "To Feed a Nation: A History of Australian Food Science and Technology." Nutrition Dietetics 63, no. 3 (September 2006): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0080.2006.00082.x.
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Pickard, John. "Harvest of the Suburbs: An Environmental History of Growing Food in Australian Cities." Agricultural History 82, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-82.2.238.
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Lyons, Kristen. "Environmental values and food choices: Views from Australian organic food consumers." Journal of Australian Studies 30, no. 87 (January 2006): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050609388058.
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Srivarathan, Netzel, Thi Phan, and Sultanbawa. "Exploring the Nutritional Profile and Bioactive Potential of Australian Grown Saltbush (Atriplex sp.)." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036083.
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Plant foods play a vital role in human nutrition due to their diverse range of macro- and micro-nutrients, fibre and phytochemicals. However, more than 90% of the plant-food demand is satisfied by less than 0.1% of the edible plant species available. Moreover, none of the highly consumed ‘food-plants’ can survive without freshwater irrigation. As the world’s population rises and food sources become limited, alternative avenues for satisfying the world’s food demand are necessary. This persistent situation urges the domestication of wild terrestrial salt tolerant (halophytes) edible plants, of which saltbush (SB) was found to have a long history of use as animal feed and soil erosion control, while very little scientific information is available on its nutritional profile and dietary relevance. Therefore, the present study assessed the nutrient and phytochemical composition of Australian grown oldman SB (Atriplex nummularia) leaves to better understand its nutritional ‘value’ and potential bioactivity. The proximate results showed that SB leaves were rich in protein (20.1 ± 0.18 g/100 g DW), fibre (41.5 ± 0.20 g/100 g DW) and minerals (particularly Ca (1.44 ± 0.03 g/100 g DW), Na (4.13 ± 0.02 g/100 g DW), Mg (0.90 ± 0.01 g/100 g DW), and Fe (11.68 ± 0.35 mg/100 g DW). These initial findings provide important nutritional information to a very promising plant source that could be used alone or synergetic with other foods (e.g., alternative protein and/or fiber source, potential salt substitute). However, further studies need to be carried out to determine the complete nutritional profile of oldman SB leaves, the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of its main nutrients and phytochemicals as well as consumer acceptance in order to develop SB based food products.
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BLACKET, MARK J., and MALLIK B. MALIPATIL. "Redescription of the Australian metallic-green tomato fly, Lamprolonchaea brouniana (Bezzi) (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), with notes on the Australian Lamprolonchaea fauna." Zootaxa 2670, no. 1 (November 8, 2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2670.1.2.
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The twenty-four species of Lonchaeidae (lance flies) known from Australia commonly breed in a wide variety of organic matter, including fruit and vegetables. The metallic-green tomato fly (Lamprolonchaea brouniana) is the best known species, being an agricultural pest. However its common name is also applied to other similar bright metallic goldengreen lance flies. Australian lance flies are generally relatively poorly understood taxonomically, with few species descriptions including (1) both male and female adults, (2) detailed descriptions of larval diagnostic morphological characters, and (3) molecular characterisation of the barcoding COI mitochondrial DNA region (no lance flies having been sequenced to date). The latter two could provide valuable tools to assist in identifying this species from larvae found in food produce, the most common life stage encountered, which are currently sometimes confused with economically important tephritid fruit fly larvae. In the current study we redescribe the morphological characteristics of adults, larvae and pupae as well as characterise the COI gene from the most common Australian lonchaeid fruit pest, L. brouniana, to enable an accurate species diagnosis. We provide a key to known Australian Lamprolonchaea species, and clarify the taxonomy of L. brouniana, including designating type material. This species appears to be restricted to Australia, and has been most commonly collected from the temperate south. Life history characteristics, including the timing of occurrence and host plant use, were also examined. Over the last decade south-eastern Australian larval samples were found over the warmer summer and autumn months from various fruit, most often (>70%) from tomato fruit, and not normally in association with other serious primary pests, such as Queensland Fruit Fly (Bactrocera tryoni).
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Wilson, BR. "Direct development in Southern Australian cowries (Gastropoda : Cypraeidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 2 (1985): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850267.
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Direct development is described in three species of Zoila, three species of Notocypraea and one species of Austrocypraea from the temperate waters of southern Western Australia. Females lay egg-masses like those of tropical cowries but only one embryo develops in each capsule and it hatches at a crawling snail stage. Fecundity is low. Brooding lasts from 40 to 55 days. The ecological and phylogenetic significance of these observations is discussed and compared with tropical species of Cypraeidae, which have high fecundity, incubation periods of 11-18 days and planktotrophic veligers. As a provisional hypothesis, it is suggested that direct development in the southern Australian cowries evolved very early in the history of the family and that it is a successful reproductive strategy in the southern temperate zone because of the lower temperature, lower diversity, higher rates of planktonic predation and greater seasonality of planktonic food resources at these latitudes than in the tropics where planktotrophy has greater selective advantage.
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Grantham, Narelle M., Dianna J. Magliano, Allison Hodge, Jeremy Jowett, Peter Meikle, and Jonathan E. Shaw. "The association between dairy food intake and the incidence of diabetes in Australia: the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 2 (June 7, 2012): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012001310.
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AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies have suggested that dairy food may reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic abnormalities but few have been able to conclusively demonstrate that it reduces the risk of diabetes. The aim of the present analysis was to investigate if dairy food intake independently reduces the risk of diabetes.DesignThe Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) is a national, population-based, prospective survey conducted over 5 years. Baseline measurements included a 121-item FFQ, anthropometrics and an oral glucose tolerance test.SettingForty-two randomly selected clusters across Australia.SubjectsAdults aged ≥25 years who participated in the baseline survey and returned to follow-up 5 years later.ResultsA total of 5582 participants with complete data were eligible for analysis, 209 of whom had incident diabetes. Compared with men in the first tertile of dairy food intake, men in the third tertile had a significantly reduced risk of developing diabetes after adjustment for age, sex, total energy intake, family history of diabetes, education, physical activity, smoking status, fasting serum TAG and HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and hip circumference (OR = 0·53, 95 % CI 0·29, 0·96;P= 0·033). A similar non-significant association was observed in women.ConclusionsDietary patterns that incorporate high intakes of dairy food may reduce the risk of diabetes among men. Further investigation into the relationship between dairy food intake and diabetes needs to be undertaken to fully understand the potential mechanism of this observation.
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Akers, H. F., M. A. Foley, P. J. Ford, and L. P. Ryan. "Sugar in Mid-twentieth-century Australia: A Bittersweet Tale of Behaviour, Economics, Politics and Dental Health." Historical Records of Australian Science 26, no. 1 (2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr15001.
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History is replete with debates between health professionals with concerns about practices and products and others who either challenge scientific evidence or believe that the greatest public good is achieved through maintenance of the status quo. This paper provides a 1950s socio-scientific perspective on a recurring problem for health professionals. It analyses dentists' promotion of oral health by discouraging sugar consumption and the sugar industry's defence of its staple product. Despite scientific evidence in support of its case, the dental profession lacked influence with government and large sections of the Australian community. The division of powers within the Australian Constitution, together with the cause, nature and ubiquity of caries and Australians' tolerance of the disease, were relevant to the outcome. In contrast, the sugar industry was a powerful force. Sugar was a pillar of the Australian and Queensland economies. The industry contributed to the history of Queensland and to Queenslanders' collective psyche, and enjoyed access to centralized authority in decision-making. The timing of the debate was also relevant. Under Prime Minister Robert Menzies, the Australian Government was more concerned with promoting industry and initiative than oral health. This was a one-sided contest. Patterns of food consumption evolve from interactions between availability, culture and choice. Food and associated etiquettes provide far more than health, nutrients and enjoyment. They contribute to economic and social development, national and regional identity and the incidence of disease. The growing, milling and processing of sugarcane and the incorporation of sugar into the Australian diet is a case study that illuminates the interface between health professionals, corporations, society and the state. Today, for a variety of reasons, health professionals recommend limits for daily intake of sugar. Calls for dietary reform are not new and invariably arouse opposition. The issue came to the fore between 1945 and 1960, when dentists contended that the consumption of sugar either caused or contributed to a major health problem, namely dental caries (tooth decay). Representatives of the sugar industry defended their staple product against these claims, which emerged at a critical time for the industry. With hindsight, these exchanges can be seen as a precursor to more diverse and recurring debates relating to contemporary health campaigns. This paper documents and analyses the contemporaneous scientific and socio-political backgrounds underpinning these engagements
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Lawrence, Mark. "Reflections on Public Health Policy in the Food Regulatory System: Challenges, and Opportunities for Nutrition and Food Law Experts to Collaborate." Deakin Law Review 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2009vol14no2art148.
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<p>Diet-related diseases such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancer are reaching epidemic proportions in many developed countries. Although there are increasing calls across the food regulatory system for interventions to help protect and promote public health, there is not a<br />strong history of collaboration between public health nutritionists and food law experts in this area. This article explores the challenges facing public health nutritionists and food law experts and their opportunities to collaborate in the food regulatory system. Through a reflection on experiences with food fortification and food labelling policy debates,<br />challenges to the objective of protecting public health and safety in the food regulatory system are identified. These challenges include: the absence of a coherent food and nutrition policy; the lack of a clear definition of what is<br />meant by the objective ‘to protect public health and safety’; capacity constraints; and limitations imposed by dominant regulatory reform agendas. Two case studies are provided to describe opportunities that are being pursued for public health nutritionists and food law experts to collaborate in the food regulatory system. The first case study describes a<br />research project investigating reform of the Australian food regulatory system in relation to obesity prevention. The second case study describes a research proposal to review the role of nutrition in decision-making within the Australian food regulatory system. The paper concludes that, to become<br />more effective when working across the food regulatory system to protect and promote public health, public health nutritionists and food law experts need to collaborate more strategically in research and practice.</p>
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Drake, Anna, Claudia Keitel, and Angela Pattison. "The use of Australian native grains as a food: a review of research in a global grains context." Rangeland Journal 43, no. 4 (2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj21030.
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Australian native grains have an extended history of human consumption; however, their place in diets was disrupted when colonisation triggered a shift away from traditional lifestyles for Aboriginal people. Despite being time- and energy-intensive to harvest, the inclusion of native grains in diets is thought to have offered considerable adaptive advantage by assisting human occupation of arid and semiarid zones. Ethnographic evidence has shown that Aboriginal people developed specialised tools and techniques to transform grain into more edible forms. Research on native grain consumption has mainly been conducted from an ethnographic perspective, with the objective of furthering understanding of Aboriginal societies, instead of the agricultural or food science significance of these plant species. Consequently, a research gap in all aspects of Australian native grains in modern food-production systems from the paddock to plate has emerged, and is being filled by research projects in multiple parts of the country due to surging interest in this food system. There is a critical need for Aboriginal communities, land managers, food industry professionals and research institutions to come together and set a research agenda that ensures cultural protocols are respected, research investment is not unnecessarily duplicated, and the results are targeted to places where they will be of most benefit to people and the planet.
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Klamt, Melissa, Jenny A. Davis, Ross M. Thompson, Richard Marchant, and Tom R. Grant. "Trophic relationships of the platypus: insights from stable isotope and cheek pouch dietary analyses." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 8 (2016): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15004.
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The unique Australian monotreme, the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) potentially exerts a strong top-down influence on riverine food webs in eastern Australia. However, despite considerable interest in the evolutionary history and physiology of the platypus, little is known of its trophic relationships. To address this lack of knowledge we used stable isotope analysis, in combination with the analysis of food items stored in cheek pouches, to determine its position in a typical riverine food web. This was the essential first step in the process of designing a larger study to investigate the relative importance of top-down and bottom-up effects in rivers where the platypus occurs. We found that platypuses were feeding on a wide range of benthic invertebrates, particularly insect larvae. The similarity of δ13C and δ15N values recorded for the platypus, a native fish (Galaxias sp.) and the exotic mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) indicated dietary overlap and potential competition for the same resources. Although cheek pouch studies identify most of the major groups of prey organisms, the potential for contribution of the soft-bodied organisms such as larval dipterans, is suggested by stable isotope analysis, indicating that the use of both techniques will be important in future ecological investigations.
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Henderson, Julie, John Coveney, Paul Ward, and Anne Taylor. "Governing childhood obesity: Framing regulation of fast food advertising in the Australian print media." Social Science & Medicine 69, no. 9 (November 2009): 1402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.08.025.
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Turner‐Graham, Emily. "Food as an ideological tool: National Socialism and the German‐Australian community." Journal of Australian Studies 30, no. 87 (January 2006): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050609388055.
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Pezdirc, Kristine B., Alexis J. Hure, Michelle L. Blumfield, and Clare E. Collins. "Listeria monocytogenes and diet during pregnancy; balancing nutrient intake adequacy v. adverse pregnancy outcomes." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 12 (March 8, 2012): 2202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012000717.
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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of adherence to public health recommendations on Listeria monocytogenes food safety to limit exposure to potential food sources on micronutrient intakes of pregnant women and whether more frequent consumption of ‘high-risk’ foods increases risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.DesignA cohort study in women assessing Listeria exposure from an FFQ based on consumption of potential Listeria-containing food sources, the Listeria Food Exposure Score (LFES). Pregnancy status was defined as pregnant, trying to conceive, had a baby within the previous 12 months, or other. Nutrient intakes were compared with Nutrient Reference Values and self-reported pregnancy outcome history three years later.SettingAustralia.SubjectsWomen aged 25–30 years (n 7486) participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.ResultsThere were weak positive correlations (r = 0·13–0·37, P < 0·001) between LFES and all nutrients, with fibre, folate, Fe and vitamin E intakes consistently below the Nutrient Reference Values in every quintile of LFES. Women in the highest quintile of LFES reported 19 % more miscarriages (rate ratio = 1·19; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·38) than those in the lowest quintile, after adjusting for important confounding factors.ConclusionsMore frequent consumption of foods potentially containing L. monocytogenes is associated with higher nutrient intakes, but an increased risk of miscarriage. L. monocytogenes pregnancy recommendations require review and should include the list of ‘risky’ food items in addition to low-risk alternatives that would adequately replace nutrient intakes which may be reduced through avoidance strategies.
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Sheridan, Susan. "Eating the Other: Food and cultural difference in the Australian Women's Weekly in the 1960s." Journal of Intercultural Studies 21, no. 3 (December 2000): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713678985.
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Tonkin, Z., A. J. King, and D. S. L. Ramsey. "Otolith increment width responses of juvenile Australian smeltRetropinna semonito sudden changes in food levels: the importance of feeding history." Journal of Fish Biology 73, no. 4 (September 2008): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01976.x.
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Gunning, Robin V., Ho T. Dang, Fred C. Kemp, Ian C. Nicholson, and Graham D. Moores. "New Resistance Mechanism in Helicoverpa armigera Threatens Transgenic Crops Expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Toxin." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 5 (May 2005): 2558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.5.2558-2563.2005.
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ABSTRACT In Australia, the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, has a long history of resistance to conventional insecticides. Transgenic cotton (expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac) has been grown for H. armigera control since 1996. It is demonstrated here that a population of Australian H. armigera has developed resistance to Cry1Ac toxin (275-fold). Some 70% of resistant H. armigera larvae were able to survive on Cry1Ac transgenic cotton (Ingard) The resistance phenotype is inherited as an autosomal semidominant trait. Resistance was associated with elevated esterase levels, which cosegregated with resistance. In vitro studies employing surface plasmon resonance technology and other biochemical techniques demonstrated that resistant strain esterase could bind to Cry1Ac protoxin and activated toxin. In vivo studies showed that Cry1Ac-resistant larvae fed Cy1Ac transgenic cotton or Cry1Ac-treated artificial diet had lower esterase activity than non-Cry1Ac-fed larvae. A resistance mechanism in which esterase sequesters Cry1Ac is proposed.
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Brien, Donna Lee. "‘Brisbane will Never be the Same’: Tasting Change at World Expo '88." Queensland Review 15, no. 2 (July 2008): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600004815.
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Brisbane will never be the same after Expo — shopping hours, outdoor eating, the greening of the city, our attitudes to hospitality … all these things will permanently transform our city. (Edwards, quoted in Robson 1988: 54)While food historians have begun to focus attention on world's fairs, Vaccaro's detailed study of food at the 1904 World Fair in St Louis (2004) is at the vanguard of publishing in this area. Similarly, although the intense interest in culinary matters that is now identified as ‘foodie’ culture was developing in Australia in the 1980s, little attention has concentrated on this aspect of Brisbane's World Expo '88 (also widely known simply as ‘Expo '88’), which was staged from April to October 1988 as part of the national Bicentennial celebrations. Expo '88 dominated local headlines and became a part of the national imagination during the bicentennial year but, although commentators at the time predicted that it would ‘doubtless be a focus of research for a long time to come’ (Day 1988: iv), other matters have since dominated reflection about this period of recent Australian history. Yet food was specified in the ‘Cultural and Entertainment’ category of one of the three exposition's official sub-themes of ‘Leisure: The Universal Pastime’, and did play a number of important roles in and at Expo '88. Moreover, Robinson has identified Expo '88 as one of the ‘plethora of social, economic, cultural and political determinants’ that explains the diversity of cuisines available in Brisbane today (2007: 71).
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Bhullar, Simrath, and Jonathan Majer. "Arthropods on street trees: a food resource for wildlife." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 2 (2000): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000171.
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As with most cities throughout the world, the Western Australian city of Perth is beautified with rows of street trees. Here, the choice of trees tends to be dictated by their hardiness and ease of cultivation (e.g., Queensland Box Lophostemon confertus), their perceived beauty (e.g., Lemon Scented Gum Eucalyptus citriodora) and the affiliation with species from regions where many of the settlers originated (e.g., London Plane Tree Platanus acerifolia). Evidence indicates that the abundance and diversity of arthropods on a tree species is, to a large extent, a reflection of the tree in recent geological history ? the more recent the arrival, the less arthropods are likely to occur on it (Southwood 1960, 1961). From work with native eucalypt species, Recher et al. (1996) have found that arthropod density and diversity differs markedly between tree species within an ecosystem, and this phenomenon flows through to the insectivorous birds which forage on these trees. Those species with high levels of arthropods, such as Narrow-leaved Ironbark E. crebra in New South Wales are visited by pardalotes, thornbills and weebills to a much greater extent than the co-dominant Grey Box E. moluccana (Recher et al. 1994).
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McDonald, Peter J., Alistair Stewart, Andrew T. Schubert, Catherine E. M. Nano, Chris R. Dickman, and Gary W. Luck. "Fire and grass cover influence occupancy patterns of rare rodents and feral cats in a mountain refuge: implications for management." Wildlife Research 43, no. 2 (2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15220.
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Context Feral cats (Felis catus) are implicated in the ongoing decline of Australian mammals. New research from northern Australia suggests that predation risk from feral cats could be managed by manipulating fire regimes to increase grass cover. Aims We investigate the role of fire history and hummock grass cover in the occurrence of feral cats and rare rodents, including the critically endangered central rock-rat (Zyzomys pedunculatus), in a mountain refuge in central Australia. Methods We installed 76 camera stations across four sites in the West MacDonnell National Park and used occupancy modelling to evaluate the influence of recent fire (within 5 years), hummock grass cover and ruggedness on feral cat and rodent occupancy. Key results Occupancy of the central rock-rat was positively associated with areas burnt within the past 5 years – a relationship probably driven by increased food resources in early succession vegetation. In contrast, the desert mouse (Pseudomys desertor) was detected at locations with dense hummock grass that had remained unburnt over the same period. Feral cats were widespread across the study area, although our data suggest that they forage less frequently in areas with dense hummock grass cover. Conclusions Our results suggest that fire management and grass cover manipulation can be used as a tool for rodent conservation in this environment and potentially elsewhere in arid Australia. Implications Creating food-rich patches within dense hummock grasslands may allow central rock-rats to increase occupancy while simultaneously affording them protection from predation. Landscape-scale wildfire resulting in a single post-fire vegetation age class is likely to be unfavourable for native rodents in this environment.
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Cardoso, Barbara, Ewa Szymlek-Gay, Blaine Roberts, Melissa Formica, Jenny Gianoudis, Stella O’Connell, Caryl Nowson, and Robin Daly. "Selenium Status Is Not Associated with Cognitive Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study in 154 Older Australian Adults." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121847.
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Selenium was suggested to play a role in modulating cognitive performance and dementia risk. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between selenium status and cognitive performance, as well as inflammatory and neurotrophic markers in healthy older adults. This cross-sectional study included 154 older adults (≥60 years) from Victoria, Australia. Participants were assessed for cognitive performance (Cogstate battery), dietary selenium intake (two 24-h food recalls), plasma selenium concentration, inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adiponectin) and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1). Dietary selenium intake was adequate for 85% of all participants. The prevalence of selenium deficiency was low; only 8.4% did not have the minimum concentration in plasma required for optimization of iodothyronine 5′ deiodinases activity. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that plasma selenium was not associated with cognitive performance, inflammatory markers nor neurotrophic factors, independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), habitual physical activity, APOE status, education, and history of cardiovascular disease. The lack of association might be due to the optimization of selenoproteins synthesis as a result of adequate selenium intake. Future prospective studies are recommended to explore potential associations of selenium status with age-associated cognitive decline.
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Morris, Robyn. "Food, race and the power of recuperative identity politics within Asian Australian women's fiction." Journal of Australian Studies 32, no. 4 (December 2008): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050802471400.
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van der Poorten, George, and Nancy van der Poorten. "Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908): An invasive Australian species, recorded in Sri Lanka for the first time with notes on its biology, life history and distribution (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)." Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 156, no. 1 (2013): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002021.
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Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908), an invasive Australian species, was recorded for the first time in Sri Lanka in July 2009 but it is likely to have been in the island much longer. Since then, it has been recorded in several locations in the Northwestern province, near Colombo in the Western province, and in Kandy in the Central province. Recorded larval food plants are coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, a widely cultivated plantation crop, and a species of Livistona, a cultivated garden palm (Arecaceae). The immature stages and behavior in Sri Lanka are documented for the first time.
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Slater, Kaylee, Tracy L. Schumacher, Ker Nee Ding, Rachael M. Taylor, Vanessa A. Shrewsbury, and Melinda J. Hutchesson. "Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Women with and without a History of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020410.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect 5–10% of pregnancies worldwide, and are an independent risk factor for CVD. A greater understanding of the rates of modifiable CVD risk factors in women with a history of HDP can inform CVD prevention priorities in this group. The aim of this study was to understand the rates of individual and multiple modifiable risk factors for CVD (body mass index, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, sitting time, smoking, alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms) among women with a history of HDP, and assess whether they differ to women without a history of HDP. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of self-reported data collected for the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health (ALSWH). The sample included 5820 women aged 32–37 years old, who completed survey 7 of the ALSWH in 2015. Women with a history of HDP had a higher multiple CVD modifiable risk factor score compared to those without HDP (mean (SD): 2.3 (1.4) vs. 2.0 (1.3); p < 0.01). HDP history was significantly associated with a higher body mass index (p < 0.01), high-risk alcohol consumption (p = 0.04) and more depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). Understanding that women with a history of HDP have higher CVD risk factors, specifically body mass index, alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms, allows clinicians to provide appropriate and tailored CVD interventions for this group of women.
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Friend, G. R., B. W. Johnson, D. S. Mitchell, and G. T. Smith. "Breeding, Population Dynamics and Habitat Relationships of Sminthopsis dolichura (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae) in Semi-arid Shrublands of Western Australia." Wildlife Research 24, no. 3 (1997): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96070.
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Demographic data were gathered from two populations of the little long-tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis dolichura, inhabiting semi-arid nature reserves in the Western Australian wheatbelt in order to place the ecology of this species (formerly part of the Sminthopsis murina complex) in perspective. In all respects, S. dolichura is similar to S. murina from south-eastern Australia, and, indeed, to most other species of the Sminthopsis group. High mobility and transiency rates, an extended seasonal pattern of reproduction, relatively rapid development of the young and the probable existence of polyoestry characterise the life history of S. dolichura and most other species within the group that have been studied. These attributes enable a high degree of reproductive flexibility and permit these species to opportunistically invade new habitats and ephemeral post-fire seral stages. The observed sympatry with highly seasonal monoestrous dasyurids of the genus Antechinus is postulated to occur through spatial and temporal selection of different microhabitats, but also suggests that phylogenetic factors may be at least as important as the predictability of climate and food resources in explaining the evolution of different reproductive strategies.
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Bell, Alan W. "Animal science Down Under: a history of research, development and extension in support of Australia’s livestock industries." Animal Production Science 60, no. 2 (2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19161.
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This account of the development and achievements of the animal sciences in Australia is prefaced by a brief history of the livestock industries from 1788 to the present. During the 19th century, progress in industry development was due more to the experience and ingenuity of producers than to the application of scientific principles; the end of the century also saw the establishment of departments of agriculture and agricultural colleges in all Australian colonies (later states). Between the two world wars, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research was established, including well supported Divisions of Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, and there was significant growth in research and extension capability in the state departments. However, the research capacity of the recently established university Faculties of Agriculture and Veterinary Science was limited by lack of funding and opportunity to offer postgraduate research training. The three decades after 1945 were marked by strong political support for agricultural research, development and extension, visionary scientific leadership, and major growth in research institutions and achievements, partly driven by increased university funding and enrolment of postgraduate students. State-supported extension services for livestock producers peaked during the 1970s. The final decades of the 20th century featured uncertain commodity markets and changing public attitudes to livestock production. There were also important Federal Government initiatives to stabilise industry and government funding of agricultural research, development and extension via the Research and Development Corporations, and to promote efficient use of these resources through creation of the Cooperative Research Centres program. These initiatives led to some outstanding research outcomes for most of the livestock sectors, which continued during the early decades of the 21st century, including the advent of genomic selection for genetic improvement of production and health traits, and greatly increased attention to public interest issues, particularly animal welfare and environmental protection. The new century has also seen development and application of the ‘One Health’ concept to protect livestock, humans and the environment from exotic infectious diseases, and an accelerating trend towards privatisation of extension services. Finally, industry challenges and opportunities are briefly discussed, emphasising those amenable to research, development and extension solutions.
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Pusey, Bradley J., Timothy D. Jardine, Stuart E. Bunn, and Michael M. Douglas. "Sea catfishes (Ariidae) feeding on freshwater floodplains of northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 12 (2020): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf20012.
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Flooding of the terminal floodplains of northern Australian rivers provides a greatly expanded, productive habitat accessed by both freshwater and estuarine fishes. This study aimed to determine the extent to which sea catfishes (Ariidae) make use of floodplains and the reasons for doing so (i.e. spawning, feeding). Nine species were collected from floodplains and adjacent distributaries of the Mitchell and Flinders rivers; floodplain use was largely restricted to freshwater species. Evidence of prior wet season spawning was recorded for some species, and mesenteric lipid deposits indicated that fish were in good condition. However, little evidence of spawning on floodplains was found. Stomach content analysis and stable isotope analysis indicated dietary partitioning, particularly between freshwater and estuarine species, but also within freshwater species, and indicated that some species were responsive to variations in food availability. Isotope analyses suggest extensive movement between freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats at different life history stages for the catfish assemblage studied. Terminal floodplains of northern Australian rivers provide important temporary habitat for adult sea catfishes to feed upon, but do not appear to be used as spawning grounds.
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Farmar-Bowers, Quentin. "Food Security: One of a Number of ‘Securities’ We Need for a Full Life: An Australian Perspective." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 27, no. 5 (January 30, 2014): 811–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-014-9491-1.
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Braby, Michael F., and Andreas Zwick. "Taxonomic revision of the Taractrocera ilia (Waterhouse) complex (Lepidoptera : Hesperiidae) from north-western Australia and mainland New Guinea based on morphological and molecular data." Invertebrate Systematics 29, no. 5 (2015): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is15028.
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The taxonomy of the Taractrocera ilia complex is revised based on evidence from multiple sources, including phenotypic characters (wing colour pattern elements, morphology of adult and immature stages), ecology and molecular data. Three species are recognised in the complex: T. psammopetra Braby, sp. nov. is restricted to north-western Australia where it has a disjunct distribution (Kimberley and the central Arnhem Land plateau); T. ilia (Waterhouse, 1932) sensu stricto is endemic to the central Arnhem Land plateau where it is narrowly sympatric with T. psammopetra; while T. beta Evans, 1934, stat. nov. is allopatric and endemic to mainland New Guinea. Each species is illustrated and diagnosed based on comparative morphology of the adult stage, including androconia and male and female genitalia, and information on type material, biology, distribution and habitat is summarised and discussed. A phylogenetic hypothesis of the Australian species of Taractrocera based on combined analysis of molecular data (2.6 kb: mitochondrial COI and nuclear CAD, MDH, wingless) revealed that T. psammopetra is monophyletic and sister to T. ilia, with an overall mean divergence of 3.4% between the two species; the genus Taractrocera, however, emerged as polyphyletic. For T. psammopetra and T. ilia, the life history, including details of larval food plant specialisation and morphology of the immature stages, is described for the first time. Larvae of T. psammopetra and T. ilia specialise on ‘resurrection’ grasses, Micraira spp. (Poaceae), which typically grow as moss-like, mat-forming pioneer plants on shallow rock surfaces comprising open sandstone pavements or on rock ledges and under rock overhangs of sandstone cliffs. These food plants, together with the butterflies that they support, are a characteristic element of the sandstone plateaux of the Kimberley and central Arnhem Land, and they exemplify patterns of diversification, endemism and adaptation to these unique environments within the Australian monsoon tropics. Facultative larval diapause is recorded for both T. psammopetra and T. ilia in which larvae (all instars, but particularly the final instar) may suspend feeding for up to six months during the dry season when the food plants typically dehydrate. It is hypothesised that larval diapause may be the most flexible strategy to ameliorate seasonal adversity of the dry season and the onset, duration and inter-annual cycle of monsoon rainfall during the wet season, which is highly variable and unpredictable, given that Micraira can revive rapidly from a desiccated state after rainfall. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51438A5E-048C-4C72-AD22-3FD176ECBA55
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Leung, Luke K. P. "Ecology of Australian tropical rainforest mammals. I. The Cape York antechinus, Antechinus leo (Dasyuridae : Marsupialia)." Wildlife Research 26, no. 3 (1999): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96042.
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This is the first detailed ecological study of the Cape York antechinus, Antechinus leo, a small marsupial endemic to rainforest on the Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland, Australia. A total of 181 animals was captured 725 times at Iron Range during a capture–mark–recapture study from 1989 to 1991. A. leo is crepuscular–nocturnal, insectivorous, semi-arboreal and nests in hollows. Its life-history strategy is typical of the genus, including the synchrony of reproductive events and the post-mating death of all males. The estimated annual mating season is from mid-September to mid-October. Young were born around 1 November ( 12 days), and were carried in the pouch until early to mid December. Juveniles became trappable around mid February. Daughters stayed in their mother’s home range, while sons dispersed soon after they left the nest. Lactation, weaning and dispersal of young were timed to coincide with the wet season when the abundance of invertebrates increased, suggesting that populations are limited by food supply.
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Weinreb, Alice. "“For the Hungry Have No Past nor Do They Belong to a Political Party”: Debates over German Hunger after World War II." Central European History 45, no. 1 (March 2012): 50–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938911000987.
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When World War II finally came to an end, the Allied forces were primed to face a world of hunger. Since the earliest days of the conflict, experts throughout Europe and Asia had been predicting that the unfathomable scale of the war would result in a massive and permanent restructuring of the global food economy. Military victory itself was cast as inextricably intertwined with control over foodstuffs. In 1940, the British nutritionist and future Director-General of the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization, Sir John Boyd-Orr, had warned that “we are only at the beginning of what looks like a long grim struggle, in which food may be, as it was in the last war, the decisive factor for victory.” Even more ominously, such experts foresaw the end of the war as ushering in a world defined less by peace and more by hunger. Australian economist and humanitarian Frank Lidgett McDougall axiomatically declared that “the exigencies of war and of the relief period will in the next few years render almost all men everywhere in the world highly food-conscious.” The recognition of the global ramifications of hunger meant that, as Nick Cullather put it in his recent article on the history of the calorie, “the construction of a postwar international order began with food.”
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Cottle, D., R. Eckard, S. Bray, and M. Sullivan. "An evaluation of carbon offset supplementation options for beef production systems on coastal speargrass in central Queensland, Australia." Animal Production Science 56, no. 3 (2016): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15446.
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In 2014, the Australian Government implemented the Emissions Reduction Fund to offer incentives for businesses to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by following approved methods. Beef cattle businesses in northern Australia can participate by applying the ‘reducing GHG emissions by feeding nitrates to beef cattle’ methodology and the ‘beef cattle herd management’ methods. The nitrate (NO3) method requires that each baseline area must demonstrate a history of urea use. Projects earn Australian carbon credit units (ACCU) for reducing enteric methane emissions by substituting NO3 for urea at the same amount of fed nitrogen. NO3 must be fed in the form of a lick block because most operations do not have labour or equipment to manage daily supplementation. NO3 concentrations, after a 2-week adaptation period, must not exceed 50 g NO3/adult animal equivalent per day or 7 g NO3/kg dry matter intake per day to reduce the risk of NO3 toxicity. There is also a ‘beef cattle herd management’ method, approved in 2015, that covers activities that improve the herd emission intensity (emissions per unit of product sold) through change in the diet or management. The present study was conducted to compare the required ACCU or supplement prices for a 2% return on capital when feeding a low or high supplement concentration to breeding stock of either (1) urea, (2) three different forms of NO3 or (3) cottonseed meal (CSM), at N concentrations equivalent to 25 or 50 g urea/animal equivalent, to fasten steer entry to a feedlot (backgrounding), in a typical breeder herd on the coastal speargrass land types in central Queensland. Monte Carlo simulations were run using the software @risk, with probability functions used for (1) urea, NO3 and CSM prices, (2) GHG mitigation, (3) livestock prices and (4) carbon price. Increasing the weight of steers at a set turnoff month by feeding CSM was found to be the most cost-effective option, with or without including the offset income. The required ACCU prices for a 2% return on capital were an order of magnitude higher than were indicative carbon prices in 2015 for the three forms of NO3. The likely costs of participating in ERF projects would reduce the return on capital for all mitigation options.
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Harris, Amanda. "Food, Feeding and Consumption (or the Cook, the Wife and the Nutritionist): The Politics of Gender and Class in a 1948 Australian Expedition." History and Anthropology 24, no. 3 (September 2013): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2013.761612.
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Price-Rees, Samantha J., Gregory P. Brown, and Richard Shine. "Predation on toxic cane toads (Bufo marinus) may imperil bluetongue lizards (Tiliqua scincoides intermedia, Scincidae) in tropical Australia." Wildlife Research 37, no. 2 (2010): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09170.
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Context. Detecting ecological impacts of invasive species can be extremely difficult. Even major population declines may be undetectable without extensive long-term data if the affected taxon is rare and/or difficult to census, and exhibits stochastic variation in abundance as a result of other factors. Our data suggest such a situation in an iconic Australian reptile species, the bluetongue lizard. Originally restricted to Central and South America, cane toads (Bufo marinus) are rapidly spreading through tropical Australia. Most native predators have no evolutionary history of exposure to the toads’ distinctive chemical defences (bufadienolides), and many varanid lizards, elapid snakes, crocodiles and marsupials have been killed when they have attempted to consume toads. Aims. Scincid lizards have not been considered vulnerable to toad invasion; however, one lineage (the bluetongues, genus Tiliqua) consists of large omnivores that may be affected. Our field and laboratory research aimed to elucidate this concern. Methods. Nightly surveys for bluetongue lizards (Tiliqua scincoides intermedia) and cane toads were conducted along two adjacent roadways on the Adelaide River floodplain of the Northern Territory. Scent discrimination trials in the laboratory assessed lizard responses to chemical cues from three food types (native frogs, cane toads and ‘preferred foods’) by counting tongue-flicks and biting elicited by cotton swabs. A subset of lizards was presented with live toads. Key results. Numbers of bluetongues encountered during standardised field surveys in the Darwin region declined soon after toads arrived, and we have not recorded a single lizard for the last 20 months. In the laboratory, foraging responses of bluetongues were as intense to cane-toad scent as to the scent of native frogs, and many of the lizards we tested attempted to consume toads, and were poisoned as a result. Conclusions and implications. The population decline of bluetongues in this region appears to have been the direct result of fatal ingestion of toxic cane toads. Our studies thus add a scincid lizard species to the list of native Australian predators imperilled by cane-toad invasion, and point to the difficulty of detecting invader impact even for an iconic species in a system subject to detailed survey work.
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King, A. J., P. Humphries, and P. S. Lake. "Fish recruitment on floodplains: the roles of patterns of flooding and life history characteristics." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-057.
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Floodplain inundation in rivers is thought to enhance fish recruitment by providing a suitable spawning environment and abundant food and habitat for larvae. Although this model has not previously been tested in Australian rivers, it is often extrapolated to fishes of the Murray-Darling Basin. Fortnightly sampling of larvae and juveniles was conducted in the unregulated Ovens River floodplain during springsummer of 1999 (non-flood year) and 2000 (flood year). The only species that increased in larval abundance during or shortly after flooding was an introduced species, common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Additionally, the peak abundance of larvae on the floodplain occurred during a rapidly declining hydrograph under low flow conditions in isolated billabongs and anabranches. The low use of the inundated floodplain for recruitment contradicts previous models. We propose a model of the optimum environmental conditions required for use of the inundated floodplain for fish recruitment. The model suggests that the notion of the flood pulse alone controlling fish recruitment is too simplistic to describe all strategies within a system. Rather, the life history adaptations in the fauna of the system and aspects of the hydrological regime such as duration and timing of inundation will control the response of a river's fish fauna to flooding.
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Beaulieu, F., and A. R. Weeks. "Free-living mesostigmatic mites in Australia: their roles in biological control and bioindication." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 4 (2007): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05341.
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The taxonomy, biology and ecology of free-living mesostigmatic mites in Australia and their current and potential use in biological control and bioindication is reviewed. Most current research on free-living Mesostigmata in Australia focuses on species with an established role in the biocontrol of crop pests, such as members of the family Phytoseiidae. Three introduced species and at least seven native species of Phytoseiidae are presently used for the control of phytophagous mites in Australia. The introduced phytoseiids are mostly specific to spider mites and have been selected for resistance to some of the common pesticides. Native species provide the advantage of being generalist feeders and are capable of using alternative food in the absence of mite pests. Therefore they can persist more effectively in the environment and contribute to the control of several pests. The reduced and selective use of pesticides, accompanied by scouting services, has allowed the successful control of phytophagous mites by native species in several Australian tree crops, especially grapevine and citrus. In soils, Mesostigmata are extremely abundant, species-rich and play significant ecological roles. They feed on a broad range of invertebrates, including phytophagous pests that spend part or most of their lives on or in the soil or root systems. However, the majority of mesostigmatic mite species are unknown in Australia. Nevertheless, recent research indicates that many species are habitat-specific, and that they may be sensitive to agricultural practices and other land management systems. Mesostigmata have great potential for biological control of pests, and as indicators of soil quality and sustainable agricultural practices. However, the current paucity of research and information on the taxonomy, life-history and ecology of native species in natural and managed landscapes will continue to hinder their use in biological control and as bioindicators.
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Fahey, Monica, Maurizio Rossetto, Emilie Ens, and Andrew Ford. "Genomic Screening to Identify Food Trees Potentially Dispersed by Precolonial Indigenous Peoples." Genes 13, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13030476.
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Over millennia, Indigenous peoples have dispersed the propagules of non-crop plants through trade, seasonal migration or attending ceremonies; and potentially increased the geographic range or abundance of many food species around the world. Genomic data can be used to reconstruct these histories. However, it can be difficult to disentangle anthropogenic from non-anthropogenic dispersal in long-lived non-crop species. We developed a genomic workflow that can be used to screen out species that show patterns consistent with faunal dispersal or long-term isolation, and identify species that carry dispersal signals of putative human influence. We used genotyping-by-sequencing (DArTseq) and whole-plastid sequencing (SKIMseq) to identify nuclear and chloroplast Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in east Australian rainforest trees (4 families, 7 genera, 15 species) with large (>30 mm) or small (<30 mm) edible fruit, either with or without a known history of use by Indigenous peoples. We employed standard population genetic analyses to test for four signals of dispersal using a limited and opportunistically acquired sample scheme. We expected different patterns for species that fall into one of three broadly described dispersal histories: (1) ongoing faunal dispersal, (2) post-megafauna isolation and (3) post-megafauna isolation followed by dispersal of putative human influence. We identified five large-fruited species that displayed strong population structure combined with signals of dispersal. We propose coalescent methods to investigate whether these genomic signals can be attributed to post-megafauna isolation and dispersal by Indigenous peoples.
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Healy, Janelle, Carol Boushey, Edward Delp, Fengqing Zhu, Clare Collins, Megan Rollo, Janine Wright, et al. "Mobile Food Record 24 Hour Recall (mFR24) Was “Easy” and an Acceptable Mobile Health Dietary Assessment Method." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac063.009.
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Abstract Objectives Technology has increased the availability of mobile health (mHealth) apps for dietary assessment. The 24 hour recall (24 HR) is the current preferred method to monitor population diet related health and nutritional status to inform public health nutrition policies. A novel labelled image assisted 24 HR has potential to enhance engagement with consumers but needs to be evaluated for acceptability and accuracy. 1. To identify features of an image-assisted mobile 24 HR (mFR24) that are enablers or barriers to its acceptable use in adult dietary assessment. Methods Controlled feeding study participants recorded before and after images of food and beverages consumed at three meals in a single day using the mobile app. The next day, they labelled the items in their images from a food list in the app linked to a food composition database; before an interview assisted 24 HR and using the novel labelled images. Participant's acceptability perceptions of the mFR24 were asked via an online survey using a 5-point Likert scale to rate their agreement with statements including how easy it was to find and remember foods and amounts consumed, and if they would be willing to use the mFR24 again. Results Participants (n = 134) were mainly female (57%), under 35 years (63%), held a bachelor degree or higher (75%), identified as Asian (67%), in full time employment (46%) or a student (34%). Two thirds (68%) of participants reported usually taking photos of their food, 90% agreed it was ‘easy’ to record their intake using the app. When undertaking the 24 HR, participants agreed using labelled images of their food and beverages made it easy to remember foods (95.4%) and amounts eaten (93.2%). The majority (88.6%) were willing to undertake the mFR24 method again. Age, gender, previous weight loss history and usually taking food photos were not found to be associated with the ease of mFR24 use. Conclusions Labelled image based mFR24 method of dietary intake assessment hold promise for being an easy and acceptable population dietary assessment method to inform dietary guideline advice. Investigating the accuracy of the labelled image mFR24 will be the next step in the investigation of the novel mFR24. Funding Sources This study was funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Project 190,101,723. The mobile food record is funded by NIH, NCI (1U01CA130784-01); NIH, NIDDK (1R01-DK073711-01A1).
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Southwell, Ian. "Backhousia citriodora F. Muell. (Lemon Myrtle), an Unrivalled Source of Citral." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071596.
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Lemon oils are amongst the highest volume and most frequently traded of the flavor and fragrance essential oils. Citronellal and citral are considered the key components responsible for the lemon note with citral (neral + geranial) preferred. Of the myriad of sources of citral, the Australian myrtaceous tree, Lemon Myrtle, Backhousia citriodora F. Muell. (Myrtaceae), is considered superior. This review examines the history, the natural occurrence, the cultivation, the taxonomy, the chemistry, the biological activity, the toxicology, the standardisation and the commercialisation of Backhousia citriodora especially in relation to its essential oil.
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Wilson, Annabelle M., Kaye Mehta, Jacqueline Miller, Alison Yaxley, Jolene Thomas, Kathryn Jackson, Amanda Wray, and Michelle D. Miller. "Review of Indigenous Health Curriculum in Nutrition and Dietetics at One Australian University: An Action Research Study." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 44, no. 1 (May 20, 2015): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2015.4.
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This article describes a review undertaken in 2012–2013 by Nutrition and Dietetics, Flinders University, to assess the Indigenous health curriculum of the Bachelor of Nutrition and Dietetics (BND) and Masters of Nutrition and Dietetics (MND). An action research framework was used to guide and inform inquiry. This involved four stages, each of which provided information to reach a final decision about how to progress forward. First, relevant information was collected to present to stakeholders. This included identification of acknowledged curriculum frameworks, a review of other accredited nutrition and dietetics courses in Australia, a review of Indigenous health topics at Flinders University, including liaison with the Poche Centre for Indigenous Health and Well-Being (Indigenous health teaching and research unit), and a review of BND and MND current curriculum related to Indigenous health. Second, input was sought from stakeholders. This involved a workshop with practising dietitians and nutritionists from South Australia and the Northern Territory and discussions with Flinders University Nutrition and Dietetics academic staff. Third, a new curriculum was developed. Nine areas were identified for this curriculum, including reflexivity, approach and role, history and health status, worldview, beliefs and values, systems and structures, relationship building and communication, food and food choice, appreciating and understanding diversity, and nutrition issues and health status. Fourth, a final outcome was achieved, which was the decision to introduce a core, semester-long Indigenous health topic for BND students. A secondary outcome was strengthening of Indigenous health teaching across the BND and MND. The process and findings will be useful to other university courses looking to assess and expand their Indigenous health curriculum.
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Hannan-Jones, Mary, and Sandra Capra. "What do prisoners eat? Nutrient intakes and food practices in a high-secure prison." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 8 (February 22, 2016): 1387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451600026x.
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AbstractThere are limited studies on the adequacy of prisoner diet and food practices, yet understanding these are important to inform food provision and assure duty of care for this group. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary intakes of prisoners to inform food and nutrition policy in this setting. This research used a cross-sectional design with convenience sampling in a 945-bed male high-secure prison. Multiple methods were used to assess food available at the group level, including verification of food portion, quality and practices. A pictorial tool supported the diet history method. Of 276 eligible prisoners, 120 dietary interviews were conducted and verified against prison records, with 106 deemed plausible. The results showed the planned food to be nutritionally adequate, with the exception of vitamin D for older males and long-chain fatty acids, with Na above upper limits. The Australian dietary targets for chronic disease risk were not achieved. High energy intakes were reported with median 13·8 (se 0·3) MJ. Probability estimates of inadequate intake varied with age groups: Mg 8 % (>30 years), 2·9 % (<30 years); Ca 6·0 % (>70 years), 1·5 % (<70 years); folate 3·5 %; Zn and I 2·7 %; and vitamin A 2·3 %. Nutrient intakes were greatly impacted by self-funded snacks. Results suggest the intakes to be nutritionally favourable when compared with males in the community. This study highlights the complexity of food provision in the prison environment and also poses questions for population-level dietary guidance in delivering appropriate nutrients within energy limits.