Journal articles on the topic 'Australian flora'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Australian flora.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Australian flora.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Entwisle, Timothy J., and John Huisman. "Algal systematics in Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 11, no. 2 (1998): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97006.
Full textAbstract:
Documentation of the algal flora of Australia had its beginnings in the seventeenth century and has progressed sporadically but with increasing vigour ever since. Earlier studies dealing with Australian algae were undertaken by overseas phycologists working with specimens collected during scientific voyages or short visits. Recent floristic studies have concentrated on specific regions, isolated localities, or particular taxonomic or ecological groupings. The algal flora of Australia is unevenly documented: northern Australia remains largely uncollected for seaweeds and marine phytoplankton, freshwater algal sampling sites are eclectically scattered across Australia, and collecting of terrestrial algae has been almost completely neglected. At present, numbers and names of species reported from Australia can only be provisional, and an immense amount of floristic and revisionary work is needed before we can match our current knowledge of the vascular plant flora. Until recently, documentation of records was poor and voucher material seldom adequate. We recommend extensive collecting, thorough taxonomic revisions, and regular contribution to Floras and guidebooks. A critical corollary is the training and employment of systematic phycologists in Australian herbaria and universities. Only then can we follow the path that leads ‘beyond the Floras’.
2
Field, Ashley Raymond. "Classification and typification of Australian lycophytes and ferns based on Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification PPG I." Australian Systematic Botany 33, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb18011.
Full textAbstract:
The classification and typification of all Australian ferns and lycophytes is updated to reflect the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I classification and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, presenting 8 new nomenclatural combinations as well as 85 lectotypifications. The Australian fern and lycophyte flora comprises 2 classes, 14 orders, 32 families, 134 genera and 528 species and subspecies with the addition of 8 newly recorded and 6 newly recognised species since the publication of the Flora of Australia fern volume in 1998. Overall, 208 species are endemic to Australia, with Queensland having the highest species diversity and endemism by state or territory, and Lord Howe Island having the highest concentration of species and endemics per unit area. The Australian fern and lycophyte flora shows diverse links with Africa, Asia and Oceania, with the largest overlaps being shared with Asia and Oceania. More species are endemic to Australia+Oceania than to Australia+Asia. Contrasting with the classification presented in the Flora of Australia, no genera of ferns and lycophytes are now considered to be wholly endemic to Australia.
3
Lucas, A. M. "Assistance at a distance: George Bentham, Ferdinand von Mueller and the production of Flora australiensis." Archives of Natural History 30, no. 2 (October 2003): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2003.30.2.255.
Full textAbstract:
George Bentham's seven volume Flora australiensis (1863–1879) was the first continental Flora, and for over a century was the only flora treating the whole of Australia. The work was produced with the “assistance” of Ferdinand Mueller, later von Mueller, the Government Botanist of Victoria from 1853, who loaned his collection, group by group, to Kew, enabling Bentham to compare the specimens with those in British and European herbaria. Mueller, who himself had wished to write the Flora, was stimulated to produce descriptions of the species as they were prepared for shipment, and Bentham's timetable strongly structured his publication programme. The limits of taxa recognized by each were similar, although there were often differences in the rank accorded the taxon. The return of Mueller's now authenticated specimens also temporarily transferred the power over Australian plant systematics to Melbourne, a power Mueller later used. Despite his initial disappointment that Bentham was assigned the Australian Flora by William Hooker in the series of colonial Floras, Mueller's association with the project later became a lifeline, helping him keep his self esteem after he was dismissed from his concurrent post as Director of the Melbourne Botanic Gardens in 1873.
4
Renner, Matt A. M., Margaret M. Heslewood, Simon D. F. Patzak, Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp, and Jochen Heinrichs. "The genera Chiastocaulon, Cryptoplagiochila and Pedinophyllum (Plagiochilaceae) in Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 29, no. 5 (2016): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb16029.
Full textAbstract:
Molecular and morphological data support the recognition of seven species of Chiastocaulon in Australia, of which four, namely C. braunianum and C. geminifolium comb. nov. from tropical north-eastern Queensland and C. proliferum and C. flamabilis sp. nov. from Tasmania (and New Zealand), represent new records. The other three species accepted for Australia are C. biserialis, C. dendroides and C. oppositum. Chiastocaulon conjugatum is excluded from the Australian flora, because previous Australian records are based on misidentifications of C. braunianum and Plagiochila retrospectans. Pedinophyllum monoicum, reported for Australia from a single locality in Victoria, is excluded from the Australian flora because all credible records are based on misidentifications of Syzygiella tasmanica. The Papua New Guinean Chiastocaulon takakii comb. nov. is reinstated from synonymy under C. dendroides on the basis of morphological evidence. Descriptions and illustrations of all Australian species, and dichotomous keys to species of the Chiastocaulon lineage in Australia and New Zealand, are provided.
5
Fensham, R. J., and B. Laffineur. "Defining the native and naturalised flora for the Australian continent." Australian Journal of Botany 67, no. 1 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt18168.
Full textAbstract:
The value of distinguishing between plant species regarded as ‘native’ and ‘alien’ has special relevance in the island continent of Australia, where European settlement was a springboard for human-assisted plant dispersal. The year of European settlement is proposed here as providing a distinction between a ‘native’ and ‘naturalised’ flora and is applied for the entire Australian flora of vascular plants. Herbarium collections and ecological criteria were employed to determine the status of 168 species of ambiguous origin. The date of 1788 proved to be a relatively straightforward criterion to assign native and naturalised status and the origin of only 27 plant species remains ambiguous. The dispersal of plants between continents is an ongoing process but European settlement of the Australian continent represents a very sharp biogeographic event for the Australian flora and provides a straightforward criterion for determining the ‘naturalised’ species.
6
Millar, AJK. "Marine red algae of the Coffs Harbour region, northern New South Wales." Australian Systematic Botany 3, no. 3 (1990): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900293.
Full textAbstract:
The marine benthic red algae of the Coffs Harbour region are described and illustrated in detail. The survey constitutes the first ever detailed descriptive and illustrative mainland regional monograph of any area along the entire eastern Australian seaboard. Collections made intertidally and to depths of 20 m have included 119 species in 74 genera, 26 families, and 8 orders of Rhodophyta, of which 54 (45%) were previously unrecorded from eastern Australia, 22 (18%) are new records for the whole of Australia (16 being new Southern Hemisphere records), 1 (Dictyothumnion) constitutes a new genus, and 16 (13%) are new species in the genera Gracilaria, Curdiea, Botryocladia, Dictyothamnion, Antithamnion, Ceramium, Callithumnion, Anotrichium, Nitophyllum, Phycodrys, Apoglossum, Dasya, Fernandosiphonia, and Herposiphonia. Also included are major Australian revisions of the genera Martensia and Nitophyllum, and six new combinations are proposed (Chondria infestans, Curdiea angustata, Dasya pilosa, Haraldiophyllum sinuosum, Myriogramme pulchellum, and Stenograrnme phyllophoroides). The Coffs Harbour flora, although related to the north-eastern and, to a lesser degree, southern Australian floras, has a number of species previously known only from much more remote localities, such as Japan (6 species), California (4 species), New Zealand (3 species), India (2 species), South America (2 species), the Galapagos Islands (1 species), China (1 species), South Africa (1 species), and the Mediterranean (1 species). Twelve of the 22 species newly recorded for Australia show a definite western Pacific distribution, a region with which the overall Coffs Harbour flora has strong affinities.
7
Crisp, M. D., S. Laffan, H. P. Linder, and A. Monro. "Endemism in the Australian flora." Journal of Biogeography 28, no. 2 (February 2001): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00524.x.
Full text
8
Beudel, Saskia, and Margo Daly. "Gallant Desert Flora: Olive Pink’s Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14016.
Full textAbstract:
In the mid-1950s Olive Pink campaigned to have an area of land in Alice Springs set aside as a flora reserve. In 1956 the area was gazetted as the Australian Arid Regions Flora Reserve, with Pink appointed as honorary curator. Although Pink was not a professional horticulturalist or botanist, she established a garden that marked itself out from contemporary gardens, such as Maranoa Gardens and the Australian National Botanic Gardens, which were similarly committed to showcasing indigenous Australian plants. Pink's approach was pioneering in that she aimed to create a collection of plants selected by a delineated ‘climatic zone' and geographic area rather than drawn from all parts of the continent. This article argues that Pink developed a distinctive form of horticultural work informed by her passion for and close artistic observation of desert flora; her long experience establishing and maintaining gardens under central Australian ecological conditions; along with her anthropological insight into Indigenous knowledge of flora gained through her studies with Arrernte and Warlpiri people. Today we might recognize the principles that informed Pink's garden through the concepts of ‘water-wise gardens' and environmental sustainability practices.
9
Fleischmann, Andreas. "The huge scientific footprint of Allen James Lowrie (1948 – 2021)." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn511.af192.
Full textAbstract:
Allen Lowrie was a not a university trained botanist. He was a botanist by passion. His studies and observations of Australian carnivorous plants and triggerplants for about a half-century will inevitably impact every person with an interest in those plants from the Australian flora. It is not an exaggeration to claim that he was probably the most influential person regarding our recent understanding and knowledge of the carnivorous plant flora of Australia. No other botanist – neither 20th or 21st Century nor before – discovered and described to science more new carnivorous plant species or triggerplants.
10
Crawford, Andrew D., Kathryn J. Steadman, Julie A. Plummer, Anne Cochrane, and Robin J. Probert. "Analysis of seed-bank data confirms suitability of international seed-storage standards for the Australian flora." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 1 (2007): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06038.
Full textAbstract:
The suitability of applying international standards for long-term seed storage to the Australian flora was examined by reviewing seed-storage data from the Western Australian Threatened Flora Seed Centre. The 375 collections examined represented 176 taxa from 44 genera and 16 families. A high proportion of collections, representative of some of the most common genera in Australia, maintained viability in the short (<5 years) and medium (5–12 years) term. Declines in germination were evident for a small number of collections, representing 10 taxa, stored for 5–12 years. However, many of the declines were collection-specific and other collections of the same taxon did not decline. Five taxa showing germination declines were represented by a single collection so it was not possible to determine whether the germination decline was directly related to the taxa, storage conditions or to other factors. Only the closely related Stylidium coroniforme and S. amabile exhibited germination declines in all collections, but cut tests of seeds remaining from germination testing indicated that viability of the collections had not declined, just the proportion to germinate; for these species a change in germination conditions is a more likely explanation for the reduction in germination. The results illustrate the successful application of these seed-storage standards to threatened flora in Western Australia and highlight their suitability for the Australian flora.
11
Greenwood, DR. "Eocene monsoon forests in central Australia?" Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 2 (1996): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960095.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian Tertiary plant fossil record documents rainforests of a tropical to temperate character in south-eastern and south-western Australia for much of the Early Tertiary, and also shows the climatically mediated contraction of these rainforests in the mid to Late Tertiary. The fossil record of Australian monsoon forests, that is semi-evergreen to deciduous vine forests and woodlands of the wet-dry tropics, however, is poorly known. Phytogeographic analyses have suggested an immigrant origin for some floral elements of present day monsoon forests in northern Australia, while other elements appear to have a common history with the tropical rainforests sensu stricto and/or the sclerophyllous flora. Early Tertiary macrofloras in northern South Australia may provide some insight into the origins of Australian tropical monsoon forests. The Middle Eocene macrofloras of the Poole Creek palaeochannel, and the ?Eocene-Oligocene silcrete macrofloras of Stuart Creek, both in the vicinity of modern Lake Eyre South, have foliar physiognomic characteristics which distinguish them from both modern rainforest and Eocene-Oligocene floras from south-eastern Australia. Preliminary systematic work on these floras suggests the presence of: (1) elements not associated today with monsoon forests (principally 'rainforest' elements, e.g. Gymnostoma, cf. Lophostemon, cf. Athertonia, Podocarpaceae, ?Cunoniaceae); (2) elements typical of both monsoon forests and other tropical plant communities (e.g. cf. Eucalyptus, cf. Syzygium, and Elaeocarpaceae); (3) elements likely to be reflecting sclerophyllous communities (e.g. cf. Eucalyptus, Banksieae and other Proteaceae); and (4) elements more typically associated with, but not restricted to, monsoon forests (e.g. Brachychiton). The foliar physiognomic and floristic evidence is interpreted as indicating a mosaic of gallery or riverine rainforests, and interfluve sclerophyllous plant communities near Lake Eyre in the Early Tertiary; deciduous forest components are not clearly indicated. Palaeoclimatic analysis of the Eocene Poole Creek floras suggests that rainfall was seasonal in the Lake Eyre area in the Eocene; however, whether this seasonality reflects a monsoonal airflow is not clear.
12
Burrett, C., N. Duhid, R. Berry, and R. Varne. "Asian and south-western Pacific continental terranes derived from Gondwana, and their biogeographic significance." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 1 (1991): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910013.
Full textAbstract:
The recent recognition of numerous small geological terranes in the Indo-Pacific region has revolutionised our understanding of geological and biogeographic processes. Most of these terranes rifted from Gondwana. The Shan-Thai terrane rifted from Australia in the Permian and collided with Indo-China in the Triassic. Parts of Sumatra and Kalimantan may have rifted from Australia in the Cretaceous and carried an angiosperm flora north. Other terranes, now dispersed in South-East Asia and in the Pacific were, at various times in the Cenozoic, part of the Australian continent. Faunal and floral mobilism to Fiji via the Solomons and Vanuatu was probably not difficult up to the late Miocene.
13
Byrne, Margaret, and Daniel J. Murphy. "The origins and evolutionary history of xerophytic vegetation in Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 3 (2020): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt20022.
Full textAbstract:
The xeromorphic vegetation is a significant component of the Australian flora and phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of xeromorphic plants provides a basis for understanding the origins and evolutionary history of the Australian vegetation. Here we expand on previous reviews of the origins and maintenance of the Australian flora with an emphasis on the xeromorphic component. Phylogenetic evidence supports fossil evidence for evolution of sclerophyll and xeromorphic vegetation from the Eocene with lineages becoming more common in the Oligocene and Miocene, a time of major change in climate and vegetation in Australia. Phylogenetic evidence supports the mesic biome as ancestral to the arid zone biome in Australia in phylogenies of key groups. The diversification and radiation of Australian species shows single origins of xeromorphic group mainly at deeper levels in phylogenies as well as multiple origins of arid occurring species at shallower levels. Divergence across the Nullarbor is also evident and speciation rates in south-western Australia were higher than in the south-east in several plant families. Estimates of timing of diversification generally show either constant rates of diversification or increased diversification from the mid to late Miocene. Phylogeographic studies consistently demonstrate high localised genetic diversity and geographic structure in xeromorphic species occupying both mesic and arid biomes.
14
Pole, M. "Keeping in Touch: Vegetation Prehistory on Both Sides of the Tasman." Australian Systematic Botany 6, no. 5 (1993): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9930387.
Full textAbstract:
At the end of the Cretaceous New Zealand broke away from the Australian-Antarctic continental mass and was physically isolated by the Tasman Sea. Early in the Tertiary New Zealand moved a long way north relative to Australia, but with the rapid northward movement of Australia, starting in the Eocene, Australia overtook New Zealand, so that much of the South Island of New Zealand now lies south of Tasmania. The northward and relative movements of the two blocks provide an interesting framework for comparing the development of their vegetation. In the Late Cretaceous, New Zealand and Australia were physically attached and shared a flora dominated by podocarp and araucarian conifers and deciduous angiosperms, consistent with growth in a polar latitude with periods of winter darkness. When New Zealand broke away and moved north, a typically evergreen angiosperm-dominated flora developed. This showed similarities to the extant and fossil flora of the Australian mainland. To the south, Tasmania developed a quite distinct flora often dominated by conifers. In the Early-mid Miocene, when New Zealand lay at the same latitude as south eastern Australia, a change from Nothofagus dominated rainforest to, at times, drier vegetation including wet sclerophyll with Eucalyptus, occurred in both regions. This may record the roughly synchronous effects of more northerly tracking Sub Tropical High Pressure systems. In the Late Miocene-Pliocene there was a return to Nothofagus-podocarp dominance in both Australia and New Zealand. Today, the conifer-dominated communities of Tasmania have largely retreated to montane regions where they form dwarf shrublands, and have disappeared from the Australian mainland. In New Zealand the situation has quite reversed from that of much of the Tertiary, and conifers now form a prominent part of many rainforest communities. The evidence suggests Australia and New Zealand can be thought of as a single biogeographic entity, with the vegetation in both landmasses responding principally to climate change, with relatively free exchange, at least in one direction, of plants, rather than evolving in isolation since Late Cretaceous oceanic rifting.
15
Coates, David J., and Stephen D. Hopper. "Preface to 'Genetics and Conservation of Australian Flora'." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (2000): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/btv48n3_pr.
Full textAbstract:
Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened biodiversity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.
16
Miller, G. H., J. W. Magee, M. L. Fogel, and M. K. Gagan. "Detecting human impacts on the flora, fauna, and summer monsoon of Pleistocene Australia." Climate of the Past 3, no. 3 (August 6, 2007): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-463-2007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The moisture balance across northern and central Australia is dominated by changes in the strength of the Australian Summer Monsoon. Lake-level records that record changes in monsoon strength on orbital timescales are most consistent with a Northern Hemisphere insolation control on monsoon strength, a result consistent with recent modeling studies. A weak Holocene monsoon relative to monsoon strength 65–60 ka, despite stronger forcing, suggests a changed monsoon regime after 60 ka. Shortly after 60 ka humans colonized Australia and all of Australia's largest mammals became extinct. Between 60 and 40 ka Australian climate was similar to present and not changing rapidly. Consequently, attention has turned toward plausible human mechanisms for the extinction, with proponents for over-hunting, ecosystem change, and introduced disease. To differentiate between these options we utilize isotopic tracers of diet preserved in eggshells of two large, flightless birds to track the status of ecosystems before and after human colonization. More than 800 dated eggshells of the Australian emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), an opportunistic, dominantly herbivorous feeder, provide a 140-kyr dietary reconstruction that reveals unprecedented reduction in the bird's food resources about 50 ka, coeval in three distant regions. These data suggest a tree/shrub savannah with occasionally rich grasslands was converted abruptly to the modern desert scrub. The diet of the heavier, extinct Genyornis newtoni, derived from >550 dated eggshells, was more restricted than in co-existing Dromaius, implying a more specialized feeding strategy. We suggest that generalist feeders, such as Dromaius, were able to adapt to a changed vegetation regime, whereas more specialized feeders, such as Genyornis, became extinct. We speculate that ecosystem collapse across arid and semi-arid zones was a consequence of systematic burning by early humans. We also suggest that altered climate feedbacks linked to changes in vegetation may have weakened the penetration of monsoon moisture into the continental interior, explaining the failure of the Holocene monsoon. Climate modeling suggests a vegetation shift may reduce monsoon rain in the interior by as much as 50%.
17
Martin, Helene A. "The history of the family Onagraceae in Australia and its relevance to biogeography." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 5 (2003): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03033.
Full textAbstract:
The family Onagraceae is a relatively minor part of the Australian flora but it has a long history in Australia: a probable Ludwigia dates from the Eocene; Fuchsia, not native to Australia today, is present from early Oligocene times; and Epilobium is found only in the Pleistocene. Onagraceae first appears in the Late Cretaceous in northern South America and southern North America, where it is thought to have originated, and Ludwigia dates from the Palaeocene. It is thought that Ludwigia migrated into Australia via a northern route. Fuchsia in Australia predates its first appearance in New Zealand, suggesting that New Zealand Fuchsia may have been derived from the Australian Fuchsia.
18
Estes, James A., and Peter D. Steinberg. "Predation, herbivory, and kelp evolution." Paleobiology 14, no. 1 (1988): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300011775.
Full textAbstract:
We propose that the kelps (Laminariales) radiated in the North Pacific following the onset of late Cenozoic polar cooling. The evidence is that (1) extant kelps occur exclusively in cold-water habitats; (2) all but one of 27 kelp genera occur in the North Pacific, 19 of these exclusively; and (3) limpets and herbivorous marine mammals obligately associated with kelps or other stipitate brown algae appeared late in the Cenozoic, even though more generalized forms of both groups are much older. We propose, further, that sea otters and perhaps other groups of benthic-feeding predatory mammals, whose late Cenozoic distributions all were limited to the North Pacific, created an environment for the evolution of kelps in which the intensity of herbivory was unusually low. We hypothesize that this interaction created predictable differences among habitats in the intensity of herbivory on several spatial scales, with resulting trade-offs between anti-herbivore defenses and plant competitive abilities in their respective floras. Sea otters incur time and energy costs for diving, resulting in depth-related reductions to foraging efficiency and thus increased sizes and densities of herbivorous sea urchins. Thus, the deep-water flora is well defended, but competitively subordinate, compared with the shallow-water flora. Similarly, we argue that during the same period of earth history, predation had less of a limiting influence on herbivorous invertebrates in the temperate southwestern Pacific. We hypothesize that (1) consequent biogeographical differences in the intensity of herbivory may have selected the phenolic-rich brown algal flora in temperate Australia/New Zealand; and (2) tightly coevolved plant/herbivore interactions may explain why Australian and New Zealand herbivores are undeterred by phenolics and why other classes of secondary compounds in the Australian/New Zealand flora significantly deter herbivores.
19
Peacock, Jim, Bryan Barlow, and Roger Carolin. "Spencer Smith-White 1909 - 1998." Historical Records of Australian Science 22, no. 2 (2011): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr11007.
Full textAbstract:
Spencer Smith-White's research group at the University of Sydney was for many years the foremost laboratory studying the cytology, cytogenetics and cytoevolution of the Australian flora. He pioneered this field with his chromosomal studies on major Australian families, such as the Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Proteaceae and Epacridaceae. His cytogenetic analyses underpinned his discussions of the origins and distribution of the major elements of the Australian flora.
20
Lamont, G. P. "AUSTRALIAN NATIVE FLORA AS ORNAMENTAL POTTED PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 205 (March 1987): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.205.29.
Full text
21
Frank, Helen. "Discovering Australia Through Fiction: French Translators as Aventuriers." Meta 51, no. 3 (September 21, 2006): 482–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013554ar.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The translation into French of referents of Australia and Australianness in fiction necessitates a considerable variety of translational tendencies and interpretive choices. This study focuses on French translations of selected passages and blurbs from Australian fiction set in regional Australia to determine how referents of Australian flora, fauna, landscape and people are translated and interpreted in a non-English speaking cultural system. Guided by concerns for the target readers’ understanding of the text, French translators employ normative strategies and adaptive procedures common to translation to enhance reader orientation. There is, nonetheless, evidence of culture-specific appropriation of the text and systematic manipulation of Australian referents that goes beyond normative solutions. Such appropriation and manipulation stem from a desire to create and foster culture-specific suppositions about Australia consistent with French preoccupations with colonialism, the exotic, exploration and adventure.
22
Tan, BC, HP Ramsey, and WB Schofield. "A contribution to Australian Sematophyllaceae (Bryopsida)." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 3 (1996): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960319.
Full textAbstract:
The family Sematophyllaceae in Australia is narrowly defined to consist of 13 genera and about 36 species. Genera such as Taxithelium, Pseudohypnella and Glossadelphus are excluded. An identification key to the accepted Australian genera of Sematophyllaceae is provided. New additions to the Flora of Australia include Acroporium lamprophyllum var. percaudatum comb. & stat. nov., Clastobryurn epiphyllum, C. conspicuum, Papillidiopsis ramulina, Trichosteleum boschii and T. ruficaule. Trichosteleum elegantulunz is a new synonym of T. ruficaule. Taxa excluded from Sematophyllaceae are Acroporiunz scalarirete (= Eucamptodon scalarirete comb. nov.) and Trichosteleum inuscicolum (= Taxithelium muscicola comb. nov.). Taxithelium wattsii is transferred to Isocladiella as Isocladiella wattsii comb. nov. and Fallaciella gracilis is returned to family Lembophyllaceae.
23
Sala, Samuele, Scott K. Micke, and Gavin R. Flematti. "Marine Natural Products from Flora and Fauna of the Western Australian Coast: Taxonomy, Isolation and Biological Activity." Molecules 28, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031452.
Full textAbstract:
Marine natural products occurring along the Western Australian coastline are the focus of this review. Western Australia covers one-third of the Australian coast, from tropical waters in the far north of the state to cooler temperate and Antarctic waters in the south. Over 40 years of research has resulted in the identification of a number of different types of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, fatty acid derivatives, peptides and arsenic-containing natural products. Many of these compounds have been reported to display a variety of bioactivities. A description of the compound classes and their associated bioactivities from marine organisms found along the Western Australian coastline is presented.
24
MARTYNYUK, O. "LEXICAL STYLISTIC AND PHONETIC FEATURES OF THE AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF LINGUISTIC COUNTRY STUDIES." Current issues of linguistics and translation studies, no. 19 (October 30, 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2019-19-6.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the process of formation and development of the Australian English language, characterizes its present-day lexical, stylistic and phonetic features. It has been found out that the Australian variety of the English language was formed as a result of interaction and development of dialects, colloquialisms, slang, through which the first settlers and emigrants from Great Britain, the United States and other countries of the world communicated. As far as everyday vocabulary is concerned, Australian English shares words and phrases with both British and American English, but also has some terminology of its own. Some elements of Aboriginal languages were incorporated into Australian English, mainly as names for the indigenous flora and fauna, as well as extensive borrowings for place names. Australian English has its own characteristic lexical and stylistic features such as a small number of words from Aboriginal languages; formation of new lexical units by extending pre-existing meanings of words; novel compounds; novel fixed phrases; coinage of lexical units; application of vocabulary from British regional dialects; unique means of imagery (metaphors and similes) that reflect the national Australian authenticity. The most common ways of forming Australian slang vocabulary have been described. A unique set of diminutive forms and abbreviations in Australian English has been exemplified. Australianisms have been defined as words or phrases that either originated or acquired new meanings in Australia and are widely used in everyday Australian English. Australians have a distinct accent, which varies between social classes and is sometimes claimed to vary from state to state, although this is disputed. The difference between the three major Australian accents (Broad Australian, General Australian, and Cultivated Australian) has been highlighted. Cultivated Australian is considered to be closely approaching British Received Pronunciation and Broad Australian – vigorously exhibiting distinctive regional features.
25
Miller, G. H., J. W. Magee, M. L. Fogel, and M. K. Gagan. "Detecting human impacts on the flora, fauna, and summer monsoon of Pleistocene Australia." Climate of the Past Discussions 2, no. 4 (August 18, 2006): 535–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-2-535-2006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. All of Australia's largest mammalian vertebrates became extinct 50 to 45 ka (thousand years ago), shortly after human colonization. Between 60 and 40 ka Australian climate was similar to present and not changing rapidly. Consequently, attention has turned toward plausible human mechanisms for the extinction, with proponents for over-hunting, ecosystem change, and introduced disease. To differentiate between these options we utilize isotopic tracers of diet preserved in eggshells of two large, flightless birds to track the status of ecosystems before and after human colonization. δ13C preserved in their eggshells monitor a bird's dietary intake in the weeks to months before egg-laying. More than 500 dated eggshells from central Australia of the Australian emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), an opportunistic, dominantly herbivorous feeder, provide a continuous 140 kyr dietary δ 13C reconstruction. More than 350 dated eggshells from the same region of the heavier, extinct, giant bird Genyornis newtoni define its dietary intake from 140 ka until its extinction about 50 ka. Additional dietary records for both species were developed from two distant regions. Dromaius eggshell dietary δ13C reveals an unprecedented reduction in the bird's food resources about 50 ka, coeval in all three regions, suggesting conversion at that time of a tree/shrub savannah with occasionally rich grasslands to the modern desert scrub. We speculate that ecosystem collapse across the arid and semi-arid zones is a consequence of systematic burning by early humans. Genyornis diet everywhere is more restricted than in co-existing Dromaius, implying a more specialized feeding strategy. These data suggest that generalist feeders, such as Dromaius, were able to adapt to a changed vegetation regime, whereas more specialized feeders, such as Genyornis, became extinct. The altered vegetation may have also impacted Australian climate. Changes in the strength of climate feedbacks linked to vegetation and soil type (moisture recycling, surface roughness, albedo) may have weakened the penetration of monsoon moisture into the continental interior under the new ecosystem. Climate modeling suggests such a shift may have reduced monsoon rain in the interior by as much as 50%.
26
Radev, Zheko. "Comparing protein content of pollen and his impact on the lenght of life of honeybees." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 3835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25905.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the research work was to compare the protein content of pollen from some plants visited frequently by honey bees in Bulgarian and Australian flora, and study the length of life of worker honey bees fed by pollen with different protein content. In this study the number of the same floral species, were described nine. Most number of favorite plants for honey bees are from Asteraceae – 5. The percentage of the total protein content in the compared bee-collected pollen grains ranged from: 11.5% for Chondrilla juncea to 25.1% for that of Brassica napus, and the average value was 18.5% for Bulgarian species, and 13.8% for Helianthus annuus to 25.9% for that of Trifolium repens, and the average value was 19.3% for Australian species. It is made a systematic comparison between Bulgarian and Australian protein content in pollen, but significant differences of the two groups were not found. Proteins are one of the the main components of honey bee-collected pollen, and can vary among different pollen plant species source. The very similar results in Bulgarian study compared to the published ones note the conservatism of pollen, despite the very long distance between Bulgaria and Australia, but having in mind if the Australian results come from inside country. It could be said that the honey bees in Bulgaria and Australia consume pollen with the same amount protein content from the same floral species. The length of live of worker bees ranged from 25 days when they consumed pollen from Brassica napus (25.1% protein content) to 14.3 days when they consumed pollen from Zea mays (17%). The present study was performed to make also a systematic comparison between length of life worker bees fed by pollen with different protein content and significant differences were found. The worker honey bees lived longer when they consumed pollen with higher protein content.
27
Cowling, Richard M., Caryl Logie, Joan Brady, Margie Middleton, and B. Adriaan Grobler. "Taxonomic, biological and geographical traits of species in a coastal dune flora in the southeastern Cape Floristic Region: regional and global comparisons." PeerJ 7 (July 31, 2019): e7336. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7336.
Full textAbstract:
In Mediterranean-Climate Ecosystems (MCEs), Holocene coastal dunes comprise small, fragmented and dynamic features which have nutritionally imbalanced and excessively drained, droughty, sandy soils. These characteristics, along with summer drought and salt-laden winds, pose many challenges for plant colonization and persistence. Consequently, MCE dune floras are likely to be distinctive with a high proportion of habitat specialists and strong convergence in growth form mixes. Very little research has compared the species traits of dune floras within and across MCEs. This paper contributes to filling that gap. Here, we analyze the taxonomic, biological and geographical traits for all 402 species in a flora from a dune landscape (Cape St Francis) in the southeastern Cape Floristic Region (CFR) and compare patterns with the trait profiles of other dune floras at a regional (CFR) and global (MCE) scale. Within the CFR, the southeastern (all-year-rainfall) flora at Cape St Francis had a similar trait profile to western (winter-rainfall) dune floras, except for having a lower representation of species belonging to CFR-endemic clades, and higher number of species associated with tropical lineages. The St Francis flora, in common with other CFR and MCE floras, was dominated by members of the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Some 40% of the St Francis flora was endemic to the CFR, typical of the high rate of MCE-level endemism elsewhere in the CFR, and in other MCEs. About 30% of the flora was confined to calcareous sand, a value typical for many other MCE sites. The St Francis flora, as well as other CFR dune floras, differs from those of other MCEs by having many species associated with shrubby lineages, and by the relatively high incidence of species associated with tropical lineages. The growth form profile of the St Francis and other CFR floras shows strongest similarity with that of Australian MCE dunes in that in both regions, evergreen hemicryptophytes and shrubs share dominance, and annuals are floristically and ecologically subordinate. The least similar of MCEs to the St Francis trait profile is the Mediterranean Basin where annuals are the most frequent growth form while shrubs are subordinate. California and Chile dune floras appear to occupy an intermediate position, in terms of growth form mix, between the Cape and Australia on the one hand, where dune floras have retained features typical of nutrient-poor soils, and the Mediterranean Basin, where dwarf, deciduous shrubs and annuals dominate the life form spectrum. All MCE dunes are threatened by alien plants, infrastructure development, tourism demands and rising sea levels. The high incidence of species of conservation concern in CFR dune floras underestimates the exponentially increasing threats to their habitats, which are already historically at a much-reduced extent. All remaining coastal dune habitat in the CFR, and probably in other MCEs, should be conserved in their entirety.
28
Parsons, R. F., and Stephen D. Hopper. "Monocotyledonous geophytes: comparison of south-western Australia with other areas of mediterranean climate." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 2 (2003): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02067.
Full textAbstract:
Recent data on monocotyledonous geophytes from south-western Australia are compiled and compared with those from other areas of mainly mediterranean climate, especially California, Chile and Victoria, Australia. South-western Australia has a high monocot geophyte diversity of 496 species (7% of an estimated native flora of 7100 vascular species), like Victoria (12%) and the Cape region (14%). As in Victoria, orchids are by far the most important group, with c. 400 species, including those likely to be described once ongoing taxonomic research is completed. South-western Australia has higher geophyte numbers than Victoria in all families considered, but a lower geophyte percentage because of a much higher vascular species total. Among south-western Australian non-orchid geophytes, as in Victoria, the most common storage organ is tuberous roots, followed by corms then bulbs and rhizomes, whereas in California bulbs are by far the most common. The presence of microgeophytes with seed-like storage organs is a special feature seen in several phylogenetically unrelated lineages in the south-western Australian and Victorian geophytic flora, especially on granite outcrops. Divergent phylogenetic history is undoubtedly a major factor underlying striking differences between the monocot geophytes of mediterranean Australia, California, Chile, South Africa and Mediterranean countries. Further studies, particularly on the last two regions, will enable better elucidation of these patterns.
29
Wulff, Adrien S., Shane R. Turner, Bruno Fogliani, and Laurent L'Huillier. "Smoke stimulates germination in two divergent Gondwanan species (Hibbertiapancheri and Scaevola montana) endemic to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia." Seed Science Research 22, no. 4 (July 30, 2012): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258512000141.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDue to shared geological history and proximity, the flora of New Caledonia is closely linked to other Gondwanan land fragments such as Australia and New Zealand. Many predominant Australian groups are well represented within the New Caledonian flora, including the genera Hibbertia (23 species) and Scaevola (10 species). Previous studies have found that these two genera in particular have a marked positive germination response to smoke products, although all previous studies have centred on Australian species from fire-prone environments. In this present study, we test the hypothesis that two New Caledonian species of Hibbertia and Scaevola are smoke responsive even though the climate and ecological drivers in New Caledonia are in many respects fundamentally different from those of most of Australia. Preliminary results showed that germination of Hibbertia pancheri was significantly accelerated in response to smoke water while germination in Scaevola montana was also significantly enhanced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these trends have been illustrated for any New Caledonian species and these results will enhance restoration efforts of ultramafic scrublands impacted by mining activities in New Caledonia.
30
Broadhurst, Linda, Martin Breed, Andrew Lowe, Jason Bragg, Renee Catullo, David Coates, Francisco Encinas-Viso, et al. "Genetic diversity and structure of the Australian flora." Diversity and Distributions 23, no. 1 (November 13, 2016): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12505.
Full text
31
Burgman, M. A., D. Keith, S. D. Hopper, D. Widyatmoko, and C. Drill. "Threat syndromes and conservation of the Australian flora." Biological Conservation 134, no. 1 (January 2007): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.08.005.
Full text
32
Christophel, David C. "Evolution of the Australian flora through the Tertiary." Plant Systematics and Evolution 162, no. 1-4 (1989): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00936910.
Full text
33
Trigger, David S., and Lesley Head. "Restored Nature, Familiar Culture: Contesting Visions for Preferred Environments in Australian Cities." Nature and Culture 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2010): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2010.050302.
Full textAbstract:
How are preferences for “native” and “introduced” species of plants and animals given expression in Australian cities? Given the nation's predominantly European cultural heritage, how do urban Australians articulate multiple desires for living environments encountered in everyday life? In examining the cases of inner city parks, backyards, and more general views about flora and fauna appropriate for the city, the paper considers a range of deeply enculturated attachments to familiar landscapes. While residents have considerable interest in the possibilities of urban ecological restoration, our interviews, ethnographic observation, and textual analysis also reveal cultural preferences for introduced species and emplaced attachments to historically modified landscapes. These preferences and attachments are linked to senses of identity developed during formative life experiences. In the relatively young post-settler society of Australia, such drivers of environmental desires can sit uneasily alongside science-driven propositions about what is good for biodiversity and ecological sustainability.
34
Froend, Ray. "Rare or Threatened Australian Plants: 1995 Revised Edition." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 4 (1997): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980404.
Full textAbstract:
The future of Australia's flora is dependent upon developing an understanding within the community and management of the need for conservation. A vital ingredient in achieving this understanding is the provision of accurate information on how many species are threatened or have already become extinct. Rare or Threatened Australian Plants (ROTAP): 1995 Revised Edition fulfils such a need and represents an up to date list of taxa that are presumed extinct, endangered, vulnerable, rare or poorly known at the national level.
35
Gosper, Carl R., Julia M. Percy-Bower, Margaret Byrne, Tanya M. Llorens, and Colin J. Yates. "Distribution, Biogeography and Characteristics of the Threatened and Data-Deficient Flora in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region." Diversity 14, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060493.
Full textAbstract:
The Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) supports an exceptional number of threatened and data-deficient flora. In this study, we: (i) collated statistics on the number, listing criteria and tenure of occurrence of threatened and data-deficient flora; (ii) conducted spatial and biogeographic analyses to address questions concerning patterns of diversity of threatened and data-deficient flora relative to the whole flora and evolutionary and threat drivers; and (iii) examined whether threatened and data-deficient flora richness is evenly distributed across plant lineages. We found that although threatened and data-deficient flora occurred across the breadth of the SWAFR, high richness was concentrated in a limited number of locations, which were not always strongly aligned with areas of higher land transformation. Data-deficient flora demonstrated different spatial patterns of occurrence to threatened flora. Approximately 70% of the populations of threatened and data-deficient flora occurred outside of lands managed primarily for conservation. Both evolutionary history and contemporary threats contribute to the current status and distribution of diversity of the threatened and data-deficient flora, with evolutionary history playing a significant role in predisposing a portion of the flora to having population traits that result in those flora meeting IUCN Red List criteria, along with ecological traits that predispose some to specific novel threats. An understanding of the distribution of species and threats, flora traits, and how these traits mediate susceptibility to threats, offers one potential way forward for an initial assessment of which of the 1819 data-deficient flora may be most at risk of extinction.
36
Byrne, M. "Phylogeography provides an evolutionary context for the conservation of a diverse and ancient flora." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 3 (2007): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06072.
Full textAbstract:
Phylogeography can inform conservation strategies through assessment of genetic diversity that incorporates an evolutionary perspective, and allows evaluation within a geographical context, thus providing integration with other biogeographical information. Comparative phylogeography can identify significant historical processes that have had major influences on the biota and provides a historical context for understanding current species distributions. The phylogeographic patterns in the flora of south-western Australia are reviewed. Concordant patterns of lineage divergence in three unrelated taxa from separate families with widespread distributions indicate a common response to major historical processes involved in Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Identification of highly divergent haplotypes in some species indicates areas that may represent refugia during times of climatic instability. Analysis of phylogeographic patterns in the flora of south-western Australia has revealed the influence of historical climate change in promoting high phylogenetic diversity within species that is comparable to the high species diversity that is well known in the Western Australian flora. Knowledge of historical influences and species responses provides an evolutionary context for conservation management strategies that facilitate the continued action of dynamic evolutionary processes.
37
Spence, JR, and HP Ramsey. "Biogeography of the subfamily Bryoideae (Bryaceae, Musci) in north-eastern Queensland." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 2 (1996): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960185.
Full textAbstract:
The biogeography of Bryum and its relatives in the tropical and subtropical regions of north-eastern Queensland is analysed. The flora is small compared to other tropical areas, with six genera and 30 species. This low diversity results from the lack of high mountains in the study area. The principal floristic affinities are widespread – cosmopolitan (20%), pantropical (20%), and Australian endemic (17%). The strongest floristic affinities are with Indonesia-Malaya and New Guinea among tropical regions. Tropical-subtropical elements make up 50% of the flora, with Paleotropical and Indo-Malesian groups represented as well as the pantropical element. The southern temperate element only makes up 13% of the flora. Speciation from ancestral taxa has occurred primarily in monsoonal subtropical, montane, and adjacent temperate regions rather than in the more humid and less seasonal coastal rainforest refugia. Most endemic species are widespread in Australia. This element has diverse origins, including ancient Gondwanan as well as cosmopolitan and pantropical. The genus Rosulabryum (based on Bryum sect. Rosulata) is very diverse in the study area, and Australia is a major centre of speciation for this genus.
38
Moore, Sally. "Trituration Proving of Australian Acacias (WA)." Homœopathic Links 32, no. 03 (September 2019): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700876.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTo date, a few Australian plants have been proven and used as homoeopathic remedies.We believe that the Australian native flora provides a yet untapped reservoir of healing potential.Four Australian Acacia species were used in the trituration: Acacias dentifera, pulchella, floribunda and longifolia.Potencies are available in the 3C, 4C and 5C range.
39
van Ee, Benjamin W., Paul I. Forster, and Paul E. Berry. "Phylogenetic relationships and a new sectional classification of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) in Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 28, no. 4 (2015): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb15016.
Full textAbstract:
A molecular phylogeny, morphological descriptions, species lists and a key to the sections of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) recognised for Australia are presented. The molecular phylogenetic results supported the recognition of six sections, to account for the 29 native Australian species. The monophyly of each of these sections was highly supported in the Bayesian and maximum-likelihood analyses of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL–F DNA sequences, whereas their relationships to each other and to other groups were less well resolved. Croton may represent one, two or three separate arrivals to Australia, with support for hypotheses of subsequent dispersals from Australia to Pacific islands and to Asia. Croton sections Argyrati, Arnhemici, Caudati, Dockrilliorum and Insulares are newly described. Croton section Gymnocroton Baill., previously placed in synonymy, is again recognised. Croton armstrongii S.Moore is excluded from the Australian flora.
40
Keating, J. M. "Palynology of the Lachman Crags Member, Santa Marta Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of north-west James Ross Island." Antarctic Science 4, no. 3 (September 1992): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102092000452.
Full textAbstract:
Palynomorph assemblages from the Lachman Crags Member of the Santa Marta Formation, north-west James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula are described. By basis of comparison with other Southern Hemisphere localities, particularly southern Australia, an early Santonian–early Campanian age is indicated. The results broadly corroborate previous stratigraphical interpretations based on macrofaunal evidence, although the presence of a significant thickness of Santonian strata, not previously recognized, is suggested. The dinoflagellate cyst floras allow the recognition of the local equivalents of the Australian Odontochitina porifera, Isabelidinium cretaceum, Nelsoniella aceras and Xenikoon australis Interval Zones. Some recycling of mid Cretaceous (and possibly Late Jurassic) taxa is also indicated. The miospore flora is composed of relatively long-ranging species, although the local appearance of certain taxa may be of stratigraphical significance. Ranges recorded support previous interpretations of heterochroneity in Southern Hemisphere floras. The palynoflora comprises 76 dinoflagellate cyst, 40 miospore and 7 acritarch, prasinophyte and chlorophyte taxa. Six undescribed species of dinoflagellate cyst are recorded and placed in open nomenclature.
41
James, Sidney H. "Genetic systems in the south-west flora: implications for conservation strategies for Australian plant species." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (2000): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt99016.
Full textAbstract:
Is genetic diversity a reliable indicator of evolutionary capability? A comparative study of genetic systems in Australian native plants, particularly from south-west Australia, suggests the primitive condition to be recombinationally capable with low allelic diversity. Diversity has accumulated in some nursery lineages in association with lethal equivalent polymorphisms. This generated an elevated evolutionary capability which allowed escape from the benign nursery into the demanding arid playground. Lethal equivalent polymorphisms also generate a high genetic load which drives genetic system evolution towards the minimisation of that load. Many of the devices which reduce the genetic load, including chiasma localisation at meiosis and reduced chromosome numbers, are impedimenta to recombination and they must reduce evolutionary capability. Thus, to correctly interpret the levels and patterns of genetic diversity within an Australian plant population system we need to know how its genetic system operates and how much it is recombinationally impeded. It may be true that in many Australian plant population systems, the more genetic diversity we see, the less evolutionary potential there is. Conservation strategies based on a misunderstanding of the relevance of genetic diversity in population systems may be quite disastrous.
42
Silcock, J. L., A. R. Field, N. G. Walsh, and R. J. Fensham. "To name those lost: assessing extinction likelihood in the Australian vascular flora." Oryx 54, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318001357.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractExtinction is a profound biological event, yet despite its finality it can be difficult to verify and many frameworks have been proposed to define formally that extinction has occurred. For most taxonomic groups and regions there is no reliable list of species considered to be probably or possibly extinct. The record of plant extinctions in Australia is no exception, characterized by high turn-over within lists, low transparency of attribution and lack of consistency between jurisdictions. This makes it impossible to evaluate how many plant taxa have become extinct in Australia. We present an ecological framework for assessing the likelihood of plant extinctions, based on taxonomic soundness, degree of habitat modification, detectability and search effort, underpinned by the best available expert knowledge. We show that, in sharp contrast to both the fate of the Australian fauna and prevailing assumptions, only 12 of 71 plant taxa currently listed as or assumed to be extinct are considered probably extinct, and a further 21 possibly extinct. Twenty taxa listed as or assumed to be extinct have dubious taxonomy or occurrence in Australia, and the remaining 18 taxa are considered possibly extant and further surveys are required to ascertain their status. The list of probably and possibly extinct plants is dwarfed by the number thought extinct but rediscovered since 1980. Our method can be used for vascular floras in other regions characterized by well-documented and curated floras and high levels of expert knowledge, and provides a transparent platform for assessing changes in the status of biodiversity.
43
Wright, Boyd R., Donald C. Franklin, and Roderick J. Fensham. "The ecology, evolution and management of mast reproduction in Australian plants." Australian Journal of Botany 70, no. 8 (December 20, 2022): 509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt22043.
Full textAbstract:
Australia is home to a diverse assemblage of plant species that display marked population-level variation in inter-annual flower or seed output (i.e. masting). These include a semelparous bamboo with an estimated inter-crop period of 40–50 years, numerous iteroparous masting gymnosperms, angiosperms that include landscape-dominant eucalypts, arid-zone wattles and spinifex (Triodia spp.) grasses, and a rich selection of species that display disturbance-related forms of masting such as pyrogenic flowering and environmental prediction. Despite the prevalence of masting in the Australian flora, there has been a paucity of research on these plants. Nevertheless, from the literature available, it appears that, similar to other parts of the world, a continuum of inter-year reproductive variability exists, with a small number of species displaying extreme–high inter-annual seeding variability. From experimental studies and many anecdotal reports, most of the fitness benefits associated with masting evident overseas also operate in Australia (e.g. predator satiation, improved pollination efficiency, and environmental prediction). Additionally, some Australian masting species offer periodically important food resources for Aboriginal nations in the form of seed or fruit. These include the bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii), members of the cycad genera Cycas and Macrozamia, spinifex (Triodia) grasses, and mulga shrubs (Acacia aneura). Key future research areas for effective conservation of Australian masting plants include (1) improved understanding of how management interventions such as burning and silvicultural thinning influence regeneration dynamics and higher-order trophic interactions, (2) further longitudinal monitoring across a range of habitats to identify other, as yet unknown, species that display reproductive intermittency, and (3) elucidation of how changes to temperature, precipitation and fire regimes under climate change will affect reproduction and regeneration dynamics of the Australian masting flora.
44
Bowman, D. M. J. S., and L. D. Prior. "Why do evergreen trees dominate the Australian seasonal tropics?" Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 5 (2005): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05022.
Full textAbstract:
The northern Australian woody vegetation is predominantly evergreen despite an intensely seasonal climate and a diversity of deciduous species in the regional flora. From a global climatic perspective the dominance of evergreen rather than deciduous trees in the Australian savannas is apparently anomalous when compared with other savannas of the world. However, this pattern is not unexpected in light of existing theory that emphasises photosynthetic return relative to cost of investment between deciduous and evergreen species. (a) Climatically, monsoonal Australia is more extreme in terms of rainfall seasonality and variability and high air temperatures than most other parts of the seasonally dry tropics. Existing theory predicts that extreme variability and high temperatures favour evergreen trees that can maximise the period during which leaves assimilate CO2. (b) Soil infertility is known to favour evergreens, given the physiological cost of leaf construction, and the northern Australian vegetation grows mainly on deeply weathered and infertile Tertiary regoliths. (c) These regoliths also provide stores of ground water that evergreens are able to exploit during seasonal drought, thereby maintaining near constant transpiration throughout the year. (d) Fire disturbance appears to be an important secondary factor in explaining the dominance of evergreens in the monsoon tropics, based on the fact that most deciduous tree species of the region are restricted to small fire-protected sites. (e) Evolutionary history cannot explain the predominance of evergreens, given the existence of a wide range of deciduous species, including deciduous eucalypts, in the regional tree flora.
45
Pócs, Tamás. "Contribution to the Bryoflora of Australia. VI. The Genus Cololejeunea (Spruce) Steph. (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta)." Polish Botanical Journal 61, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 205–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pbj-2016-0031.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThirty-eight species of the genus Cololejeunea (Spruce) Steph. (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) are reported for the whole of Australia, more than doubling the number of taxa known since the first account of the Australian members of the genus. Cololejeunea cairnsiana Pócs, Cololejeunea heinari Pócs and Cololejeunea floccosa var. fraseriana Pócs are described as new to science. The records of Cololejeunea diaphana A. Evans, Cololejeunea gottschei (Steph.) Mizut., Cololejeunea longifolia (Mitt.) Benedix ex Mizut. Cololejeunea verrucosa Steph. and Cololejeunea floccosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Steph. var. amoenoides Tixier are new for the continent. Cololejeunea amoena Benedix is treated as a variety of Cololejeunea floccosa. Cololejeunea tortifolia Steph. is synonymized with Cololejeunea microscopica (Taylor) Schiffn. and is excluded from the Australian flora. The name Cololejeunea cambodiana Tixier is validated. A key for the Australian taxa and an analysis of their distribution follow the enumeration of species.
46
Beard, J. S., A. R. Chapman, and P. Gioia. "Species richness and endemism in the Western Australian flora." Journal of Biogeography 27, no. 6 (November 2000): 1257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00509.x.
Full text
47
Southwell, Ian A., and Joseph J. Brophy. "Essential Oil Isolates from the Australian Flora. Part 3." Journal of Essential Oil Research 12, no. 3 (May 2000): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9699514.
Full text
48
Lyons, M. N., N. Gibson, G. J. Keighery, and S. D. Lyons. "Wetland flora and vegetation of the Western Australian wheatbelt." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 67, no. 1 (2004): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.67.2004.039-089.
Full text
49
Gibson, N., G. J. Keighery, M. N. Lyons, and A. Webb. "Terrestrial flora and vegetation of the Western Australian wheatbelt." Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 67, no. 1 (2004): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.67.2004.139-189.
Full text
50
Irish, Julie, Shona Blair, and Dee A. Carter. "The Antibacterial Activity of Honey Derived from Australian Flora." PLoS ONE 6, no. 3 (March 28, 2011): e18229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018229.
Full text