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Journal articles on the topic 'Australian Federal Government'
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1
Liddell, Max, and Chris Goddard. "Protecting children or political priorities?: The role of governments at Woomera." Children Australia 27, no. 3 (2002): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005174.
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In March 2002 the authors notified all the children living in the Woomera Detention Centre to South Australia's child protection system, in an effort to ensure that the well-being of those children was protected. An investigation was conducted; serious problems at Woomera were identified; and the relevant South Australian Minister asked the Federal Minister for Immigration for ‘new guidelines’ for the centre. Then silence descended.In this article, the authors detail the reasons for their notifications and outline the events which followed. The Federal Government criticised the report of the investigation by SA child protection workers, and there is no indication of any action taken on it. In explaining the ensuing silence the authors refer to their understanding of the contents of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Federal and South Australian Governments. This memorandum, it is believed, ensures no further information about Woomera will be revealed. Further, the memorandum appears to leave the Federal Government with total responsibility for follow-up action. The South Australian Government seems to have surrendered its responsibility in this regard. Given the lack of action, the authors question whether both levels of government could be in breach of South Australia's Children's Protection Act 1993.
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Self, P. "Federalism and Australian Local Government: Reflections upon the National Inquiry into Local Government Finance." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, no. 2 (June 1987): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050123.
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In 1984 the Hawke Government appointed a National Inquiry to review the federal revenue-sharing grants for local government introduced eight years previously, and to propose desirable aims and a basis for future federal support. Australian local government is on a small scale and closely under the control of state governments; federal support raises complex issues of intergovernmental relations. In this paper, the wide-ranging Report of Inquiry, and its political outcome, are related to basic issues about federal-state relations and the rationale and extent of federal interventions. In particular, the Australian experience is interesting for its attempts at combining vertical redistribution of revenue with ambitious and detailed equalisation policies, financed at federal level but administered by independent state agencies.
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CLARK, R. G. "Australian Federal Government Road Funding 1972-1986." Australian Geographical Studies 26, no. 2 (October 1988): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1988.tb00579.x.
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Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.
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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.
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Plumb, James. "‘Back to the Future' A review of Australian reservation and other natural gas export control policies." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18282.
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Despite record levels of domestic production, forecasters are predicting that the east coast Australian gas market will remain tight in 2019. The introduction of the Australian Domestic Gas Security Mechanism (ADGSM) by the Federal Government in 2017, and the proposal announced by the Australian Labour Party (ALP) to bolster the mechanism, have again thrust the issue of political intervention in the export gas market into sharp focus. This paper provides an overview of the current regulatory intervention at the state and federal level, and looks back at the history of controls imposed upon the Australian gas export market. The paper is divided into two parts: Part 1, which looks at current regulatory controls engaged by various State and Federal governments: (a) the development and implementation of the ADGSM; (b) the development and implementation of the Queensland Government’s Prospective Gas Production Land Reserve policy (PGPLR); and (c) the Government of Western Australia’s (WA Government) domestic gas policy. The paper also reviews policy announcements made by the ALP in the lead up to the 2019 Federal election. Part 2 provides a broad overview of the history of controls on gas exports in Australia, from the embargo on exports from the North West Shelf between 1973 and 1977, through the increasing liberalisation of Australian energy policy during the 1980s and 1990s (and the associated conflict with state concerns of ensuring sufficiency of the domestic supply of gas), up to the removal of federal controls on resources exports (including liquefied natural gas) in 1997.
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Mourell, Mark. "Accounting and Accountability for Australian Federal Unions." Economic and Labour Relations Review 16, no. 1 (July 2005): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530460501600106.
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The amendments to Schedule 1B of the Workplace Relations Act have given the government substantially new means of controlling the internal affairs of industrial organisations. At the government's behest, the Review of Current Arrangements for Governance of Industrial Organisation (the review), used concepts borrowed from the Corporations Act as a basis for recommendations regarding union accounts, accounting procedures, fiduciary obligations of office-holders and organisational rules. This study is a critique of the review and the consequent amendments. It argues that notions borrowed from the Corporations Act are inappropriate for unions and will cause problems for them. The amendments also contradict the government's avowed policy of deregulation of labour market institutions.
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MATHESON, CRAIG. "Rationality and Decision-making in Australian Federal Government." Australian Journal of Political Science 33, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361149850723.
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Stanton, Patricia, J. W. Hughes, and J. Stanton. "Australian – USA Federal Government Accounting: Convergence or Divergence?" Financial Accountability & Management 14, no. 4 (November 1998): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0408.00064.
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Trinder, J. "The Current Status of Mapping in the World – Spotlight on Australia." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4 (April 23, 2014): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-263-2014.
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Prior to 1950, there was very limited mapping in Australia covering only strategic areas. After World War II, the Federal Government funded the small scale mapping of the whole country. This involved the development of the Australian National Spheroid in 1966, the Australian Geodetic Datum in 1966 and 1984 (AGD66 and AGD84) which were replaced by the Australian Geocentric Datum in 1994 (GDA94). The mapping of the country was completed in 1987 with 100 % of the country mapped at 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 although about half of the 1:100,000 are unpublished products. The Federal Government through Geoscience Australia continues to provide digital data, such as the GEODATA 250K (now series 3). Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories, including cadastral mapping. This paper will demonstrate the extent of mapping in Australia as part of the current UN global survey of mapping.
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Brown, A. J., and Paul Kildea. "The Referendum that Wasn't: Constitutional Recognition of Local Government and the Australian Federal Reform Dilemma." Federal Law Review 44, no. 1 (March 2016): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1604400106.
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In 2010, the Commonwealth government proposed Australia's third attempt to give federal constitutional recognition to local government. In 2013, the government secured the passage through Parliament of a Constitution Alteration but, due to political events, and amid much controversy, the proposed amendment was not put to the people. This paper examines the merits and prospects for success of the proposed reform, with an eye to lessons for the future of local government's place in the federal system. It argues that the legal and constitutional cases for the alteration were strong, but limited, and poorly contextualised, theorised and articulated. We use public opinion evidence to conclude that had it proceeded, the referendum result would probably have been a third failure. These lessons are important for ongoing debate over sub-constitutional and constitutional reform to Australian intergovernmental relations, including questions of federal financial redistribution at the core of the proposal. Overall, the events of 2013 reinforce arguments that reforms to the position of local government, while important, should only be pursued as part of a holistic package of federal reform and renovation; and that more robust deliberative processes and principles must be adhered to before again attempting any constitutional reform.
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Hammond, Andrew, and Ruth Jeanes. "Federal Government Involvement in Australian Disability Sport, 1981–2015." International Journal of the History of Sport 35, no. 5 (October 9, 2017): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1337000.
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Hawker, Geoffrey. "Ministerial Consultants and Privatisation: Australian Federal Government 1985-88." Australian Journal of Politics and History 52, no. 2 (June 2006): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.2005.00417.x.
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Watson, Richard B., and Peter J. Ryan. "Big Data Analytics in Australian Local Government." Smart Cities 3, no. 3 (July 9, 2020): 657–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3030034.
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Australian governments at all three levels—local (council), state, and federal—are beginning to exploit the massive amounts of data they collect through sensors and recording systems. Their aim is to enable Australian communities to benefit from “smart city” initiatives by providing greater efficiencies in their operations and strategic planning. Increasing numbers of datasets are being made freely available to the public. These so-called big data are amenable to data science analysis techniques including machine learning. While there are many cases of data use at the federal and state level, local councils are not taking full advantage of their data for a variety of reasons. This paper reviews the status of open datasets of Australian local governments and reports progress being made in several student and other projects to develop open data web services using machine learning for smart cities.
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Leitch, Shona, and Matthew Warren. "Applying classification controls to Internet content in Australia." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 13, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-08-2014-0037.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore Australian public and stakeholders views towards the regulation of the Internet and its content. The federal government called for submissions addressing their proposal, and this paper analyses these submissions for themes and provides clarity as to the Australian public and stakeholders key concerns in regards to the proposed policy. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a qualitative approach to analyse the public consultations to the Australian Federal Government. These documents are coded and analysed to determine negative and positive viewpoints. Findings – The research has shown, based upon the analysis of the consultation, that there was no public support for any of the measures put forward, that the Australian Federal Government in its response has not recognised this public feedback and instead has only utilised some of the qualitative feedback obtained through the public consultation process to try to justify its case to proceed with its proposals. Research limitations/implications – The study is focussed on Australia. Practical implications – The paper analyses a proposed national approach to filtering the content of the Internet and discussed the public reaction to such an approach. Social implications – The paper looks at how different parts of Australian society view Internet filtering in a positive or negative manner. Originality/value – The only study that directly looks at the viewpoint of the Australian public.
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Gifford, John S., and Paul N. McFarlane. "The Development of Environmental Control Legislation and Effluent Standards for Australasian Wood Processing Industries." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1991): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0460.
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The Australasian wood processing industry is poised for a substantial expansion over the next twenty years. Australia, which is presently an importer, is developing plans to become a net exporter of forest products,while New Zealand's wood supply is expected to double over this period. In both countries, the expansion of processing capacity will be required to occur in a sustainable and environmentally sound manner. For example, the Australian Federal government has developed environmental guidelines for new bleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp mills,while the New Zealand government is presently enacting a comprehensive Resource Management Act. The implications of these developments for the Australasian wood processing industry is discussed.
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Wilde, W., and Paul Swatman. "Federal Government Policy and Community Objectives in Regional Telecommunications: A SISP-Based Study of Ballarat." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2006): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer1010003.
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The decline of regional Australia in terms of wealth and population during the two decades since 1980 has compelled the Federal Government to intervene. In 1997 the Australian Federal Government devoted in excess of $A460 million to a grant award scheme called the Regional Telecommunication Infrastructure Fund (RTIF) in which regional communities identified local telecommunication problems and applied for funds to correct them. Our project examines, through the lens of a conceptual framework extended from and informed by Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP), the effectiveness of the mechanism of this and similar schemes. The primary purpose of this paper is to present a study of the experience of Ballarat in relation to the Australian RTIF programme.
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Gray, Anthony. "Discriminatory Taxation in Light of Fortescue: Its Implications for the Development of Northern Australia." Federal Law Review 42, no. 1 (March 2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.42.1.3.
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In the recent Fortescue decision, the High Court made some interesting observations regarding interpretation of the word ‘discrimination’ in the context of the Federal Government's power with respect to taxation in s 51(2) of the Australian Constitution. Coincidentally, the Federal Government has commenced consideration of options for the development of northern regions of Australia. Of course, one option would be to introduce a variable taxation system to encourage businesses and individuals to be based, and/or invest, in northern Australia. This article considers possible constitutional issues associated with variable taxation schemes overtly favouring businesses and individuals based in the ‘north’, given the recent High Court decision.
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Jarman, A. M. G., and A. Kouzmin. "Australian Metropolitan Development: Local Government Reform and Urban Growth into the 1990s." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 11, no. 2 (June 1993): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110143.
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During the past four decades, many national governments, both centralist and federal, have spent considerable resources on planning for improved types of human settlement. Sometimes, grand schemes of regional planning, ‘New Town’ development, vast subdivisional tracting, and, even, industrial policy have been prepared and implemented in the name of urban and metropolitan development. The developmental role of local councils, as governmental authorities, has been either understated or underutilized; often, both. Australian governments should now reflect upon past policies and, most particularly, reconsider the role of a proactive local government sector in future metropolitan and urban development. In general terms, a multigenerational model regarding Australian urban policy design is considered. The first three, and more conventional, generations consist of: (1) the local government ‘fragmentation’ dispute, whereby local authorities are regarded as being too small, parochial, and ineffective as planning institutions; (2) the ‘New Town’ period, involving centralized planning and funding; and (3) a consolidation era where many different types of corporate, multifocal authority agencies have been created. The fourth generation constitutes the governmentally approved multifunction polis (MFP): A unique Japanese–Australian vision of a 21st century technopolis. It is argued that a further, fifth, model needs to be considered in the context of Australia's continuing outer-(sub)urban development. A linear growth-linkage model is presented; one which enhances the role of local government planning and development near the various state-located capital cities.
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Eggington, William. "Language Policy and Planning in Australia." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002865.
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Australian federal and state government language policy and planning efforts have had a remarkable effect on Australian educational and non-educational life during the past twenty years. This effort has resulted in strong international recognition of the Australian language policy experience. For example, Romaine, in the introduction to her anthology focusing on the languages of Australia states that “the movement to set up a national language policy is so far unprecedented in the major Anglophone countries” (Romaine 1991:8).
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Roffey, Paul, and Michelle Gahan. "Responses to Security Sensitive Biological Agents (SSBA) risks by the Australian Federal Police." Microbiology Australia 41, no. 3 (2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma20034.
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As Australia’s national law enforcement agency the Australia Federal Police (AFP) plays a number of roles, broadly grouped under intelligence and investigation, in supporting a whole of government approach to responding to, and mitigating, risks from Security Sensitive Biological Agents (SSBA). The AFP is responsible for coordinating the investigation of national and transnational crimes, which includes acts of bioterrorism, and preventing, countering and responding to attacks in Australia and on Australian interests overseas. This paper provides an overview of the responses to SSBA risks by the AFP.
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Lehmann, Caitlyn. "Editorial." Children Australia 42, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2017.44.
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Among the plethora of minor parties fielding candidates in Australia's 2016 federal election was a relative newcomer called Sustainable Australia. Formed in 2010 and campaigning with the slogan ‘Better, not bigger’, the party's policy centrepiece calls for Australia to slow its population growth through a combination of lower immigration, changes to family payments, and the withdrawal of government agencies from proactive population growth strategies (Sustainable Australia, n.d.). At a global level, the party also calls for Australia to increase foreign aid with a focus on supporting women's health, reproductive rights and education. Like most minor parties, its candidates polled poorly, attracting too few votes to secure seats in the Senate. But in the ensuing months, the South Australian branch of The Greens broke from the national party platform by proposing the aim of stabilising South Australia's population within a generation (The Greens SA, 2017). Just this August, Australian business entrepreneur Dick Smith launched a ‘Fair Go’ manifesto, similarly calling for reductions in Australia's population growth to address rising economic inequality and a “decline in living standards” (Dick Smith Fair Go Group, 2017).
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McAllister, Ian. "The End of a Labor Era in Australian Politics." Government and Opposition 31, no. 3 (July 1996): 288–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1996.tb01192.x.
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The March 1996 Australian Federal Election Was The most important Australian election for more than a decade. It resulted in the return of the Liberal-National coalition to office after thirteen years in opposition, ending a period of unprecedented Labor-initiated change, first under the leader-ship of Bob Hawke and since 1991, Paul Keating.The election was also important because the new government will in all probability lead Australia into the new millennium and guide the country through a period of intense change in the Asia Pacific region; how the Liberal-Nationals approach the whole question of Australia's changing relationship with the world will shape Australia's future and wellbeing for decades to come. And finally, the election was notable for making John Howard prime minister during his second period as Liberal leader, a prospect that Howard himself had once ridiculed as akin to ‘Lazarus with a triple bypass’.
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Scott, Paul G. "It Ain't Necessarily So: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd and the Reasons for Reforming s 36 of the Commerce Act." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 51, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v51i2.6571.
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The Government has indicated it is going to amend s 36 of the Commerce Act 1986. Its reasons are that s 36 fails to capture sufficient anticompetitive conduct, is difficult and complex to apply and makes litigation unpredictable. The Government proposes a substantial lessening of competition test which it claims will capture more conduct, make analysis more straightforward and provide a source of Australian authority for New Zealand courts. This article uses an Australian Federal Court case, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd, to show that the claims for reform are overstated and in some cases incorrect. It argues the foundations of the case for reform of s 36 are wobbly and infirm.
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Barraclough, Simon, and Carol McBain. "The Use of Australian Health Care Services by Overseas Visitors: Some Data-Related Problems for Policy Makers." Australian Medical Record Journal 22, no. 2 (June 1992): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335839202200204.
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Very little is known about the usage of Australian health care services by overseas visitors. This is despite the fact that may visitors are entitled to treatment under Medicare due to the Federal government's policy of encouraging reciprocal health care agreements with a number of countries and the increased promotion of health care as an export commodity. It is therefore difficult to develop an overall picture of both the current level of use of Australian health care services by foreigners or to estimate projections of future demand. The absence of such data also means that it is not possible to be sure of the consequences of policies such as the easing of restrictions on medical visas and the promotion by the Australian government of a network of bilateral reciprocal health care agreements. In this article, federal government policy on the access of non-citizen visitors to Australian health care services is examined, various categories of visitors eligible for treatment under the Medicare scheme identified, and current methods of collecting data on visitors using Australian health services critically examined.
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Young, Michael, Raymond Young, and Julio Romero Zapata. "Project, programme and portfolio maturity: a case study of Australian Federal Government." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-08-2013-0034.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the notion of maturity assessment and maturity models more broadly and goes on to examine the findings from the assessments of project, programme and portfolio maturity undertaken across Australian Government agencies. Design/methodology/approach – A statistical analysis was performed to determine the level of maturity that best represents the Australian Federal Government agencies as a whole. The unit of analysis in this study is the agencies overall scores in each sub-model across the seven perspectives of the portfolio, programme and project management maturity model (P3M3) maturity model. Findings – This study has identified a number of interesting findings. First, the practices of project, programme and portfolio across the dataset practiced independently of each other. Second, benefits management and strategy alignment practices are generally poor across Australian Government agencies. Third, programme management practices are the most immature. Finally, the results showed a high sensitivity to the “generic attributes” of roles and responsibilities, experience, capability development, planning and estimating and scrutiny and review. Research limitations/implications – All data used in this analysis are secondary data collected from individual Australian Government agencies. The data were collected by accredited consultants following a common data collection method and using a standard template to ensure a consistent approach. Practical implications – The study poses some implications for practice, particularly given the context of Australian Federal Government agencies current plans and action to improve organisational maturity. The study suggests that benefits management processes at the project level and benefits management, governance and stakeholder management processes at the programme level should be an area of focus for improvement. Originality/value – This study is the first attempt to systematically review the data collected through such an assessment and in particular identify the findings and the implications at a whole of government level.
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Schess, Jaclyn, Sandra Diminic, Emily Hielscher, Meredith G. Harris, Yong Yi Lee, Jan Kealton, and Harvey A. Whiteford. "Investment in Australian mental health carer services: how much and does it reflect evidence of effectiveness?" Australian Health Review 44, no. 1 (2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah18065.
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Objective The aims of this study were to quantify Australian federal and state government expenditure on mental health carer services for 2014–15, map the types of services being provided and explore how funded service types compare with the evidence base for the outcomes of these carer services. Methods Web searches were conducted to identify in-scope mental health carer services in Australia funded by federal and state and territory governments. Funding estimates were confirmed where possible with available government and carer organisation contacts. A literature search was conducted for reviews of studies investigating mental health carer service outcomes. Results In 2014–15, the estimated Australian national, state and territory government expenditure on mental health carer services was approximately A$90.6million. This comprised A$65.6million in federal expenditure and A$25.0million in state and territory expenditure. Most funding streams provided respite and psychoeducation. The literature showed positive carer outcomes for psychoeducation and intensive family interventions. Evidence was lacking for the effectiveness of respite services. Conclusions These findings suggest a mismatch between what is known about the extent to which different service types deliver positive carer outcomes and the current allocation of funds across Australia’s mental health system. This study also highlights the fragmentation of the mental health carer services system, supporting the need to streamline access. What is known about this topic? Informal carers of people with mental disorders provide a critical role to the significant number of individuals with mental illness in Australia, and provide an unpaid workforce to the Australian mental health system. This role comes with significant physical, emotional and financial burden, which government-funded services can assist with to allow mental health carers to continue to serve in their caring role while improving their quality of life. What does this paper add? Using both published data and communication with health and non-government officials, we have estimated federal and state expenditure on mental health carer services at A$90.6million in 2014–15 fiscal year and have provided a mapping of the services this expenditure funds. In addition, through analysis of the literature on outcomes of carer services provided, we have seen a mismatch of expenditure and the evidence base. What are the implications for practitioners? There is a necessity for both more research into service outcomes aimed particularly at mental health carers and thinking critically about whether the current prioritisation of funds can be increased and/or reallocated to create better outcomes for mental health carers.
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Chan, Carrie, and Chris Cunneen. "Federal Programs for Access to Justice under a Conservative Australian Government." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 10, no. 1 (July 1998): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.1998.12036111.
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Scott, Janet L., Colin L. Raston, Christopher R. Strauss, and W. Roy Jackson. "Centre for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Australia." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173081251.
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The Centre for Green Chemistry is an Australian Research Council (ARC) Special Research Centre (SRC), located at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. SRCs are funded by the Australian federal government, via the vehicle of the ARC, with the express goal of supporting excellent basic research and research training that has strong international links. The goal of the center is to provide a fundamental scientific base for future green chemical technology, identifying niche areas in the Australian context and beyond. Establishment of this SRC and its modus operandi are discussed.
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GRAY, ANTHONY. "PRECEDENT AND POLICY: AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS REFORM IN THE 21ST CENTURY USING THE CORPORATIONS POWER." Deakin Law Review 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2005vol10no2art286.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>This article will discuss the topical issue of whether the Commonwealth, in Australia’s federal system of government, can rely on its so-called “corporations power” in order to pass planned industrial relations laws. The Federal Government has recently indicated its plans to introduce a national system of industrial relations regulation in Australia. While the detail of the proposed legislation is not currently to hand, the planned changes raise a controversial issue whether the Australian Government would permit such regulation. This article considers the corporations power as justification for the proposed laws.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>
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Hanna, Liz. "Support Funding for Australian Rural and Remote Health Workforce: A Medical - Nursing Mismatch." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 1 (2001): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01002.
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Successive Australian federal governments have introduced numerous strategies aimed at reducing the differentials in health status between rural and remote populations and their metropolitan counterparts. Foremost among these strategies have been those focused on increasing the numbers of medical practitioners in rural and remote areas (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1998a). The paper challenges the prioritisation of this strategy, identified as a "planning priority" by the Commonwealth government. The 1999-2000 Federal Budget allocated $171 million to "significantly improve access to services in rural and remote areas of Australia and to strengthen the rural workforce". Nurses provide 90% of the health services to these populations yet receive only 0.9% of funding in direct role specific support. This systematic neglect of nursing services results in high turnover as nurses desert their posts, frustrated by lack of organisational support, and subsequent inability to provide adequate care in the difficult circumstances in which they must function. Interruptions to clinical health care provision and health promotion activities diminish health enhancement opportunities for the communities with demonstrated high levels of need (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 1999; Commonwealth Department of Health & Aged Care, 2000; Kreger, 1991; NSW Health Department, 1998).
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Williams, Paul D. "How Did They Do It? Explaining Queensland Labor's Second Electoral Hegemony." Queensland Review 18, no. 2 (2011): 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/qr.18.2.112.
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Australia's entrenched liberal democratic traditions of a free media, fair and frequent elections and robust public debate might encourage outside observers to assume Australia is subject to frequent changes in government. The reality is very different: Australian politics have instead been ‘largely unchanged’ since the beginning of our bipolar party system in 1910 (Aitkin 1977, p. 1), with Australians re-electing incumbents on numerous occasions for decades on end. The obvious federal example is the 23-year dominance of the Liberal-Country Party Coalition, first elected in 1949 and re-endorsed at the following eight House of Representatives elections. Even more protracted electoral hegemonies have been found at state level, including Labor's control of Tasmania (1934–82, except for 1969–72) and New South Wales (1941–65), and the Liberals' hold on Victoria (1952–82) and South Australia (1938–65, most unusually under one Premier, Thomas Playford). It is therefore not a question of whether parties can enjoy excessively long hegemonies in Australia; it is instead one of how they achieve it.
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Brodie, Donald. "OIL POLLUTION RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA: THE GOVERNMENT VIEW (INCLUDING AN UPDATE ON DISPERSANT TESTING)." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, no. 1 (April 1, 1987): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-181.
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ABSTRACT Australia has an extensive and varied coastline and 25 major ports. While marine traffic density is significantly less than in North America and European waters, the potential for oil spills nevertheless exists. In 1973, the Australian National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea by Oil was established. Its aim was to provide all the elements of a contingency plan designed to respond to oil pollution from ships. The plan brought together the resources of the federal and state governments and the oil industry. A unique funding arrangement, based on the “polluter pays” principle, was established to maintain the currency of the plan. This paper discusses the continuing development of the national plan, its equipment philosophies and training programs. It also discusses in some depth the tests being carried out on dispersants. Multispectral scanning is a comparatively new science in the Australian scene and trials have taken place to develop its use in oil spill operations. Today the Australian government believes a comprehensive set of operational and administrative arrangements exists to respond to the threat of marine oil spills.
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Garrett, Paul M., Joshua P. White, Stephan Lewandowsky, Yoshihisa Kashima, Andrew Perfors, Daniel R. Little, Nic Geard, Lewis Mitchell, Martin Tomko, and Simon Dennis. "The acceptability and uptake of smartphone tracking for COVID-19 in Australia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0244827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244827.
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many Governments are instituting mobile tracking technologies to perform rapid contact tracing. However, these technologies are only effective if the public is willing to use them, implying that their perceived public health benefits must outweigh personal concerns over privacy and security. The Australian federal government recently launched the ‘COVIDSafe’ app, designed to anonymously register nearby contacts. If a contact later identifies as infected with COVID-19, health department officials can rapidly followup with their registered contacts to stop the virus’ spread. The current study assessed attitudes towards three tracking technologies (telecommunication network tracking, a government app, and Apple and Google’s Bluetooth exposure notification system) in two representative samples of the Australian public prior to the launch of COVIDSafe. We compared these attitudes to usage of the COVIDSafe app after its launch in a further two representative samples of the Australian public. Using Bayesian methods, we find widespread acceptance for all tracking technologies, however, observe a large intention-behaviour gap between people’s stated attitudes and actual uptake of the COVIDSafe app. We consider the policy implications of these results for Australia and the world at large.
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Aroney, Nicholas. "Federalism and Subsidiarity: Principles and Processes in the Reform of the Australian Federation." Federal Law Review 44, no. 1 (March 2016): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1604400101.
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The principle of subsidiarity offers a criterion for the rational allocation of roles within federations between federal and state governments. The principle states that ‘functions should be performed by the lowest level of government competent to do so effectively’. However, embedded in the principle is a hierarchy: there are ‘higher’ and there are ‘lower’ levels of government. This hierarchy suggests a point of view from which assessments of optimal allocation are to be made. The deeper question, therefore, is this: ‘who will decide for whom?’ The reform of a federal system turns not only on what principles are used, but on questions of process: who will decide what those principles require, and how will they go about doing it? A problem of path dependency lies at the heart of Australia's federal malaise. It is this problem that we need to be grappling with when considering the optimal design of the system. To do so, we need to consider not only the principles but also the processes by which the federal system is to be reformed. This paper draws on the comparative experience of Switzerland, Germany and Austria to provide guidance about how Australia's federal system might best be reformed. If we want to know how to change institutions, we must be attuned to the fact that there is frequently a mismatch between the initial aims of institution-builders and the contemporary value we attach to them.1
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Meyer, Samantha B., Loreen Mamerow, Anne W. Taylor, Julie Henderson, Paul R. Ward, and John Coveney. "Demographic indicators of trust in federal, state and local government: implications for Australian health policy makers." Australian Health Review 37, no. 1 (2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah11073.
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Objective. To provide baseline findings regarding Australians’ trust in federal, state and local government. Methods. A computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) survey was administrated during October to December 2009 to a random sample (n = 1109) across Australia (response rate 41.2%). Binary logistic regression analyses were carried out by means of SPSS. Results. Age, household size, household income, IRSD and ARIA were found to be significant indicators for trust in federal, state and local government. Trust in state government is lower for older respondents and respondents living in inner and outer regional areas. Trust in local council is lower in respondents living in inner regional areas, respondents living in disadvantaged areas, and respondents in the income bracket of $60 001 to $100 000. Trust in federal government is lower for older respondents and respondents living in disadvantaged areas. Of note is diminished trust in government among older, regional and lower income ($30 001–$60 000) respondents. Conclusions. Trust in all levels of government was found to be the lowest in population groups that are identified by empirical research and media to have the poorest access to government services. As a consequence, improved access to services for these populations may increase trust in health policy. Increased trust in health governance may in turn, ensure effective dissemination and implementation of health policies and that existing inequities are not perpetuated through distrust of health information and policy initiatives. What is known about the topic? Evidence suggests that a lack of trust in government and associated programs has significant implications for the implementation and uptake of health services and programs. What does this paper add? Despite the importance of trust and the acknowledgement that citizen trust is declining, baseline information on Australians’ trust in state, federal and local government has not been published. What are the implications for practitioners? Findings highlight specific populations where trust in government is found to be low. Given the importance of trust in the acceptance of policy, this paper provides valuable information for policy makers interested in developing trust as a means of increasing public acceptance of policy.
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Fairbrother, Peter, Stuart Svensen, and Julian Teicher. "The Ascendancy of Neo-Liberalism in Australia." Capital & Class 21, no. 3 (October 1997): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981689706300101.
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On 19 August 1996, thousands of trade unionists and others stormed the Australian Parliament protesting against the Coalition Government's Work place Relations Bill. In a very visible departure from the years of cooperation and compromise with the previous Federal Labor Government, the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) called on trade unionists and their supporters to demonstrate their opposition to the proposed legislation. This outbreak of anger might be thought to herald a reaction to heightened attacks on the Australian working class, ushered in by the election of the Coalition Government on 2 March 1996, which ended thirteen years of Labor rule under leaders Bob Hawke (1983-1991) and Paul Keating (1991-1996). However, while indicating a renewed activism by a disenchanted and alienated working class, this outburst of anger was not attributable to a sudden shift in the overall direction of government policy. Rather, it was an expression of a profound disenchantment with thirteen years of Australian ‘New Labor’ and a fear of the future under a Coalition Government committed to the sharp edges of the neo-liberal agenda.
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Cassidy, Julie. "Hollow Avowals of Human Rights Protection - Time for an Australian Federal Bill of Rights?" Deakin Law Review 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2008): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2008vol13no2art162.
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<p>Unlike the constitutions of many nations, such as the United States of America and the Republic of South Africa, the constitutions of the Australian States and Territories and the Commonwealth Constitution Act 1901 (UK) contain no bill of rights. Australia is the only western democracy without a federal bill of rights. The debate regarding the need for a bill of rights necessitates an understanding of what human rights the people of Australia already enjoy. If sufficient protection can be found in existing sources, does Australia really need a federal bill of rights? Opponents of a bill of rights state that we have sufficient protection from arbitrary government intervention in our personal affairs and thus a bill of rights is<br />unnecessary. There are a number of potential sources of human rights in Australia that might provide the suggested existing protection, including the common law, specific domestic legislation, international law and constitutional law. Each of these sources of human rights has, however,<br />important limitations. The focus of this article is on the inadequacy of the Australian constitutions as a source of purported protection. This in turn suggests that an alternative source of rights is needed – a federal bill of rights? In the course of this analysis the author makes suggestions for<br />reform; specifically how a federal bill of rights may address the paucity of constitutional protection.</p>
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Gurdon, Michael A. "Divergent Paths: Civil Service Employment Relations in Australia and Canada." Articles 42, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050336ar.
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This article describes the legislated strengthening of employee involvement in decision-making within the federal civil service in Australia. While the quite distinct differences between the two industrial relations Systems must be recognized, particularly the resulting distribution of power between the government as employer and its employees, aspects of the general philosophy underlying the Australian model may find some useful applications as the Canadian public sector Systems continues to evolve.
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Biggs, Anthony G. "HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH IN AUSTRALIA." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 608f—608. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.608f.
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Australian horticultural research and development is now co-ordinated by an industry supported, federal government statutory body — the Horticultural Research and Development Corporation (HRDC). The Corporation, constituted in 1987, co-ordinated project funding to the value of just over $10 million in 1991/92. More than 300 projects are now supported, covering all sectors of horticulture. Federal government funds are available to match industry contributions to a value of up to 0.5% gross value of product. Traditional funding organisations are reducing commitments to research and development, thus placing increasing pressure on industries to help themselves on a user-pays basis. Examples will be provided of completed projects which are proving of great value to Australian horticultural domestic and export opportunities.
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Fennessy, Paul, Brendon Kearney, Linda Mundy, and Margaret Howard. "OP65 Genomics: From Horizon Scanning To National Health Policy." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318001083.
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Introduction:Technology advances have resulted in cheaper and quicker genomic sequencing (panels, exomes, whole genomes). Uptake into clinical practice has been rapid despite limited consideration of workforce, patient safety, consent, practice standards, guidelines and cost benefit. AUD 150M (USD 113M) has been independently allocated to genomic initiatives by Australian state and federal governments that don't reflect a national approach to genomics.Methods:Modified horizon scanning (HS) methodology identified issues around genomic sequencing to be considered by governments regarding their support, or otherwise, before appropriate implementation and diffusion into local healthcare systems. A national jurisdictional advisory group was subsequently established that undertook extensive stakeholder consultation across Australia, including written submissions, over a four-month period.Results:HS identified that genomic sequencing is diffusing rapidly through the health system and flagged issues of pressing concern, including: workforce requirements; education, training and literacy for the medical workforce and community; infrastructure; data; and ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI). HealthPACT recommended a national coordinated approach to policy development across jurisdictional boundaries to ensure appropriate adoption of genomics. Stakeholder consultation confirmed overwhelming support for greater national coordination of the application of genomic knowledge in healthcare. Five strategic priorities were developed to support appropriate integration of genomics into health care for Australians: person-centered approach; workforce; financing; services; and, data. Three principles underpin strategic priorities: i) application of genomic knowledge is ethically, legally and socially responsible and community trust is promoted; ii) access and equity are promoted for vulnerable populations; and, iii) application of genomic knowledge to health care is supported and informed by evidence and research.Conclusions:HS identified significant policy, workforce, funding and sustainability issues already facing state and territory governments that would, in time, face the federal government. The National Health Genomics Policy Framework outlines an agreed high-level national approach to policy, regulatory and investment decision-making for genomics and was approved by all Australian health Ministers in November 2017.
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Kidd, Michael R. "What impact will the change of federal government have on Australian general practice?" Medical Journal of Australia 189, no. 2 (July 2008): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01917.x.
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Dollery, Brian, and Martin Hovey. "Australian Federal Government Failure: The Rise and Fall of the Home Insulation Program." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 29, no. 3 (September 2010): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2010.00079.x.
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Chubaka, Chirhakarhula E., Harriet Whiley, John W. Edwards, and Kirstin E. Ross. "A Review of Roof Harvested Rainwater in Australia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6471324.
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To address concern regarding water sustainability, the Australian Federal Government and many state governments have implemented regulatory mechanisms and incentives to support households to purchase and install rainwater harvesting systems. This has led to an increase in rainwater harvesting in regional and urban Australia. This review examines the implementation of the regulatory mechanisms across Australia. In addition, the literature investigating the potential health consequences of rainwater consumption in Australia was explored. Studies demonstrated that although trace metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and iron were present in Australian rainwater, these metallic elements were generally found below the health limit guideline, except in high industrial areas. In addition, pathogenic or indicator microorganisms that include, but are not limited to,Escherichia coli, total and faecal coliforms,Campylobacter,Salmonella,Legionella,Pseudomonas,Cryptosporidium, Enterococci,Giardia,Aeromonas, andMycobacterium aviumComplex (MAC) have been detected in rainwater collected in Australia. However, epidemiological evidence suggests that drinking rainwater does not increase the risk of gastrointestinal disease. It was also identified that there is a need for further research investigating the potential for rainwater to be a source of infection for opportunistic pathogens.
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Brigden, Cathy. "Unions and Collective Bargaining in 2008." Journal of Industrial Relations 51, no. 3 (May 20, 2009): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185609104303.
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For Australian unions, 2008 was the first year with a federal labour government in office after more than a decade of conservative government. Attention focused on the promised dismantling of the Work Choices legislation and the introduction of a new legislative framework, although it took until late November for the Fair Work Bill to be introduced into federal parliament. Confronting a disappointing decline in union membership levels, a number of union campaigns focused on recollectivizing workplaces. For other unions, collective bargaining with employers was a frustrating experience, as was the case with Qantas and Telstra. Public sector unions faced lengthy and hard-fought disputes with state labour governments, while an extraordinary dispute over electricity privatization unfolded between unions and the New South Wales Labor government. By the end of the year, the impact of the global financial crisis, and the consequences for jobs was the prevailing concern for many unions.
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Weerawardena, Jay. "Innovation in Queensland Firms: Implications for the Smart State." Queensland Review 10, no. 1 (May 2003): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002543.
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The challenges in the business environment are forcing Australian firms to be innovative in all their efforts to serve customers. Reflecting this need there have been several innovation policy statements both at Federal and State government level aimed at encouraging innovation in Australian industry. In particular, the innovation policy statement launched by the Queensland government in the year 2000 primarily intends building a Smart State through innovation. During the last few decades the Australian government policy on innovation has emphasized support for industry R&D. However industry stakeholders demand a more firm-focused policy of innovation. Government efforts in this direction have been hindered by a lack of a consistent body of knowledge on innovation at the firm level. In particular the Australian literature focusing on firm level antecedents of innovation is limited and fragmented. This study examines the role of learning capabilities in innovation and competitive advantage. Based on a survey of manufacturing firms in Queensland the study finds that both technological and non-technological innovations lead to competitive advantage. The findings contribute to the theory competitive advantage and firm level antecedents of innovation. Implications for firm level innovation strategies and behaviour are discussed. In addition, the findings have important implications for Queensland government's current initiatives to build a Smart State through innovation.
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Lo Bianco, Joseph. "A review of some of the achievements of the National Policy on Languages." Language Planning and Language Policy in Australia 8 (January 1, 1991): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.8.02lob.
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This paper is a review of the achievements of the National Policy on Languages. The National Policy on Languages was adopted by the Federal government in May 1987 and implemented from that date until June 1991. In September of 1991 the Federal government adopted a White Paper entitled Australia’s Language; The Australian Language and Literacy Policy. In the companion volume to this it stated that the White Paper is an extension and maintenance of the National Policy on Languages.
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Bills, Kym. "Building a world-class Australian decommissioning industry." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17154.
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Collaboration in decommissioning offshore infrastructure could save both industry and taxpayers billions of dollars and facilitate new industries and exports for Australia, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant construction boom, Australia must not miss out on this major new opportunity. The 2017 bid for Commonwealth funding to establish a Decommissioning Offshore Infrastructure Cooperative Research Centre (DOI-CRC) involved more than 30 participants and many other collaborators. High-level commitments were made by Chevron, Woodside, Shell, BHP, ExxonMobil, Quadrant, The University of Western Australia, Curtin University, the University of New South Wales, Deakin University, Australian Maritime College, CSIRO and Australian Institute of Marine Science. A Perth-based DOI-CRC was supported by National Energy Resources Australia, National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority and other Australian Government bodies and by the Western Australian Government and its Chief Scientist and agencies but did not receive sufficient support from the CRC Advisory Committee. Meeting decommissioning challenges in the North West Shelf, Bass Strait and the Northern Territory in a timely, robust, scientific, efficient and cost-effective manner that contributes to a sustainable marine environment should draw upon and augment international best practice with local capability and expertise. Good science and innovative engineering are needed to support regulatory approval of options such as ‘rigs to reefs’ and commercial opportunities such as in waste management and expanded fishing and tourism. APPEA and operators wish to maintain DOI-CRC’s momentum and learn from UK research arrangements through funding marine science projects. But we must be much broader if we are to build a sustainable world-class Australian decommissioning industry. In particular, we need to work more closely with state and federal regulators and policymakers and undertake more engineering science research and innovation.
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Dirkis, Michael. "Moving to a More "Certain" Test for Tax Residence in Australia: Lessons for Canada?" Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 68, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2020.68.1.sym.dirkis.
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Canada and Australia have superficially similar tests for determining the tax residence of individuals. Both have a common-law residence (or resides) test, "continuing attachment" rules (a statutory test in Australia), a 183-day type of test, and provisions focused on government officials. A key difference between the countries in this regard, despite broadly similar residence tests, is that litigation in Canada is rare whereas Australia, over the last decade, has seen at least 43 administrative tribunal, Federal Court, and High Court decisions with respect to tax residence. In response to the high levels of litigation resulting from concentrated Australian Taxation Office compliance programs, the Board of Taxation commenced a self-initiated review of the income tax residence rules for individuals in May 2016. The report subsequently submitted to government noted that the current rules were no longer appropriate and needed to be updated and simplified. Although the Australian government has not endorsed the board's recommendations, the board was directed to undertake further consultation in order to ensure that the proposed residence rules are appropriately designed and targeted, with a particular focus on integrity (that is, anti-avoidance) issues. A final report, sent to the government in April/May 2019, proposed a number of bright-line tests. These proposed tests are based in part on the approach adopted in the NZ and 2013 UK residence rules. In this paper, the author considers the similarities and shortcomings of the Canadian and Australian rules on individual tax residence according to the criteria of equity, simplicity, and efficiency (integrity), and then reviews the Board of Taxation's recommendations with an eye to whether the proposed Australian changes could provide guidance for any future Canadian reform, should the political circumstances so dictate in the future.
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Blaylock, Malcolm. "Subsidy, Community, and ‘Excellence’ in Australian Theatre." New Theatre Quarterly 2, no. 5 (February 1986): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00001937.
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The Australian Labour government elected in 1972 (and sacked in highly controversial circumstances by the Governor-General in 1975) instituted under the premiership of Gough Whitlam a policy of greatly increased subsidy for the arts. But this was succeeded by a period of neglect, culminating in a drastic policy of cutbacks in 1981; and the election of a new Labour government in 1983 thus coincided with a major debate over both the nature and the distribution of arts subsidy, which has resulted in a wider spread of funding for culturally diverse forms of theatre. Malcolm Blaylock works both as director of one of the new community-based companies. Junction Theatre, and as a member of the federal funding body, the Theatre Board of the Australia Council: he talked to Graham Ley about both aspects of his work, and the background to the present funding policy.
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Ellinghaus, Katherine. "The Moment of Release." Pacific Historical Review 87, no. 1 (2018): 128–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2018.87.1.128.
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During the twentieth century some Australian states and the U.S. federal government enacted comparable policies that demonstrate how the discourse of protection continued to survive in an era when settler nations were focussed on “assimilating” Indigenous populations. The Australian policy of exemption and the U.S. policy of competency did not represent a true change in direction from past policies of protection. In contrast to the nineteenth century, though, these twentieth-century policies offered protection to only a deserving few. Drawing on records of exemption and competency from New South Wales and Oklahoma in the 1940s and 1950s, this article shows how the policies of exemption and competency ostensibly gave the opportunity for some individuals to prove that they no longer needed the paternalism of colonial governments. They were judged using very different local criteria. In Australia, applicants were mostly judged on whether they engaged in “respectable” use of alcohol; in the United States, applicants were assessed on whether they had “business sense.”