Academic literature on the topic 'Australian education policy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Australian education policy"
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Hartman, Deborah. "Gender Policy in Australian Schools." Boyhood Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/thy.0501.3.
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This paper describes the rise of boys’ education as a substantial social and educational issue in Australia in the 1990s, mapping the changes in Australian discourses on boys’ education in this period. Ideas and authors informed by the men’s movement entered the discourses about boys’ education, contributing to a wave of teacher experimentation and new ways of thinking about gender policies in schools. The author suggests that there is currently a policy impasse, and proposes a new multi-disciplinary approach bringing together academic, practitioner, policy, and public discourses on boys’ education.
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Cornelius, Karen, and Aidan Cornelius-Bell. "Systemic racism, a prime minister, and the remote Australian school system." Radical Teacher 122 (April 28, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/rt.2022.935.
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Remote Australian schools face complex contextual issues due to systemic and enduring disadvantage. The structures and systems put in place to support and provide advantage for Indigenous Australians continually fail to meet their mark due to colonial structures, policies and inability to understand remote contextual demands. In South Australia, the context of this paper, systemic disadvantage disproportionately affects Indigenous people. This article explores the contemporary colonial landscape of a remote school context, provides background on the colonial institutions which shape the interactions and services provided to people in remote Australian areas, and provides two empirical examples of the contemporary, structural, and harmful influence of policy and political figures in a remote school. By examining the politics of being a school leader, the policy background for remote Australian schools, and the unique challenges of position both in policy and physical terms, we show how contemporary racism structures and conditions the lives of young people in remote contexts today.
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McSwan, David. "The Rural Population Transformation and Education in Australia." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v13i2.495.
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This paper aims to relate the Australian data on rural-urban migration and economic change to education. It illustrates that there has been scant polity attention to the fundamental role ofeducation in the changing nature ofAustralia's rural areas. Australla's rural policy has been firmly driven by the massive political power ofthe rural industries and mining lobbies; the voice ofrural communities being lost to the winds. Governments should be alert to the needs ofrural Australia. Issues of social justice and equity are being raised and heard as never before and ordinary Australians are increasingly aware of, and cherish, our rural communities, our rural image. and our sense-ofourselves as sharing a rural heritage. Recent data show that regional Australia, in favoured areas, is prospering. A number ofpolicy considerations are canvassed with the conclusion that leading-edge information and communications technologies are an essential prerequisite if regional Australia is to prosper and metropolitan areas and the south-east are to avoid undesirable crowding. Isolated rural areas are more problematic and a policy approach to a sustainable future for them is not immediately apparent to the author.
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White, Michael A. "Community Colleges in Western Australia — Historical Accidents and Policy Dilemmas." Australian Journal of Education 30, no. 1 (April 1986): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418603000106.
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This paper traces the establishment of Western Australia's three community colleges. Features of this development are significant government initiatives, historical accidents, and policy issues concerning the coordination, control, and future directions of new post-secondary institutions. All this is examined against a background of debates about the control and management of the state's system of technical and further education. The policy issues that are raised are similar to issues discussed in most Australian states, and invite speculation about the future shape of technical and further education in Western Australia that is highly relevant to what is happening in other parts of the nation.
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Montague, Alan. "Review of Australian Higher Education: An Australian Policy Perspective." Policy Futures in Education 11, no. 6 (January 2013): 671–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2013.11.6.671.
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Smolicz, J. J. "National Policy on Languages: A Community Language Perspective." Australian Journal of Education 30, no. 1 (April 1986): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418603000103.
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A brief historical review of language policies in Australia up to the publication of the Senate Standing Committee's Report on a National Language Policy in 1984 is given. The recommendations of the Report are discussed in the light of the ethno-cultural or core value significance that community languages have for many minority ethnic groups in Australia. Recent research findings on such languages are presented and their implications for a national language policy considered. It is postulated that the linguistic pluralism generated by the presence of community languages needs to be viewed in the context of a framework of values that includes English as the shared language for all Australians. From this perspective, it is argued that the stress that the Senate Committee Report places upon the centrality of English in Australia should be balanced by greater recognition of the linguistic rights of minorities and their implications for bilingual education. It is pointed out that both these aspects of language policy have been given prominence in recent statements and guidelines released by the Ministers of Education in Victoria and South Australia. The paper concludes by pointing to the growing interest in the teaching of languages other than English to all children in Australian schools.
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Leggat, Sandra. "Australian Health Review call for papers." Australian Health Review 30, no. 4 (2006): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah060417.
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The Editor of Australian Health Review invites contributions for an upcoming issue on health professional education. Submission deadline: 6 February 2007 It is expected that tertiary education and research for health professionals will be the focus of substantial change over the next couple of years. The health professional workforce has been the subject of recent studies in Australia and New Zealand. The New Zealand Health Workforce Advisory Committee has focused on ensuring an effective strategic framework and outlined seven principles comprising equity and appropriateness, strategic and sustainable supply, healthy workplaces, collaborative practice, effective education, stakeholder involvement and information and monitoring.1 In Australia, the Productivity Commission made strong recommendations directed at improving health professional education to enhance coordination, reduce practice barriers and address shortages of health professionals. 2 To help inform policy and practice, Australian Health Review is looking to publish feature articles, research papers, case studies and commentaries related to health professional education. Potential topic areas include: � Addressing health workforce challenges � Multidisciplinary professional practice and interdisciplinary education � Management education and clinician managers � Evidence-based education � Sector-based approaches to education and training � Partnerships and social change � Impact of national education and research policy on health professional education. Submissions related to international programs with lessons for Australia and New Zealand will also be welcomed. Submissions can be short commentaries of 1000 to 2000 words, or more comprehensive reviews of 2000 to 4000 words. Please consult the AHR Guidelines for Authors for information on formatting and submission.
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Cheeseman, Sandra. "Pedagogical Silences in Australian Early Childhood Social Policy." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 8, no. 3 (September 2007): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2007.8.3.244.
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Growing international interest in the early childhood years has been accompanied by an expansion of public programs in Australia targeting young children and their families. This article explores some of the influences and rhetoric that frame these initiatives. It encourages critical examination of the discourses that shape the nature of early childhood programs in Australia and identifies a range of barriers that inhibit the involvement of early childhood teachers in the design and delivery of social policy initiatives for young children. As the imperatives of programs seeking to overcome social disadvantage take prominence in Australian early childhood policy initiatives, pedagogical perspectives that promote universal rights to more comprehensive early childhood experiences can easily be silenced. The article calls for pedagogical leadership to overcome these barriers and promote the democratic rights of all children to high-quality and publicly supported early childhood education and care programs.
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Branson, Jan, and Don Miller. "Language and identity in the Australian deaf community." Language Planning and Language Policy in Australia 8 (January 1, 1991): 135–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.8.08bra.
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This paper examines the relationship between the Deaf1, their language, Auslan2 (Australian Sign Language), and the encompassing dominant hearing society and its culture in the context of the development of effective language policies for the Deaf, not only within the context of schooling but in the years prior to formal education and beyond the school. The paper has developed out of an initial response by AUSLAB (the Australian Sign Language Advisory Board, formed by the Australian Association of the Deaf) to the Federal Government’s Green Paper, The Language of Australia: Discussion Paper on an Australian Literacy and Language Policy for the 1990s. (Commonwealth of Australia 1990), later superseded by the White Paper, Australia’s Language: The Australian Language and Literacy Policy (Commonwealth of Australia 1991a & b).
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Matthews, Lynda R., Rosalie B. Pockett, Gillian Nisbet, Jill E. Thistlethwaite, Roger Dunston, Alison Lee, and Jill F. White. "Building capacity in Australian interprofessional health education: perspectives from key health and higher education stakeholders." Australian Health Review 35, no. 2 (2011): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10886.
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Objective. A substantial literature engaging with the directions and experiences of stakeholders involved in interprofessional health education exists at the international level, yet almost nothing has been published that documents and analyses the Australian experience. Accordingly, this study aimed to scope the experiences of key stakeholders in health and higher education in relation to the development of interprofessional practice capabilities in health graduates in Australia. Methods. Twenty-seven semi-structured interviews and two focus groups of key stakeholders involved in the development and delivery of interprofessional health education in Australian higher education were undertaken. Interview data were coded to identify categories that were organised into key themes, according to principles of thematic analysis. Results. Three themes were identified: the need for common ground between health and higher education, constraints and enablers in current practice, and the need for research to establish an evidence base. Five directions for national development were also identified. Conclusions. The study identified a range of interconnected changes that will be required to successfully mainstream interprofessional education within Australia, in particular, the importance of addressing issues of culture change and the need for a nationally coordinated and research informed approach. These findings reiterate those found in the international literature. What is known about the topic? Interprofessional health education (IPE) and practice (IPP) capabilities are central to the delivery of health services that are safer, more effective, patient-centred and sustainable. The case for an interprofessionally capable health workforce is therefore strongly argued and well accepted in the international literature. The task of building a nationally coherent approach to IPE within health professional curricula, however, is complex and challenging, and there is almost no literature in this area presenting an Australian perspective. What does this paper add? This paper presents perspectives from key stakeholders in the Australian health and higher education sectors on the challenges associated with implementing and sustaining IPE to foster IPP across all health professions. It identifies several policy, cultural, institutional and funding changes that will be required to locate IPE as a central rather than peripheral education activity. What are the implications for practitioners? The study points to changes that will be required to build an Australian health workforce with increased levels of IPP capability. It highlights the importance of recognising and addressing culture change as a central part of embedding and sustaining IPE and IPP. Additionally it foregrounds for governments, higher education and health practitioners the importance of addressing the development of IPE and IPP as a multi-dimensional task, that will require a national and research informed approach to build momentum and scale.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Australian education policy"
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Koshy, Paul Malcolm. "Equity Policy and Participation in Australian Higher Education." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/70567.
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This thesis undertakes an analysis of key issues in Australian higher education equity policy in view of current policy settings and empirical research on the determinants of undergraduate higher education participation. Equity policy is defined to include government initiatives to promote higher education participation amongst groups who have been historically disadvantaged in their access (‘equity student groups’) and the categorisation and measurement tools used to identify students belonging to these groups.
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Meredyth, Denise Lee, and n/a. "Education and its Critics: Principles and Programmes in Australian Education Policy." Griffith University. School of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning, 1994. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050901.095322.
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This thesis is concerned with the relationship between the education system and its critics - with the terms in which programmes of educational reform are viewed by critical intellectuals, and with the claims and limitations of a particular mode of 'principled' critique. It explores this concern in relation to a number of recent developments in Australian education policy, describing the debates that they have engendered and identifying the political ambiguities that attend them. Three case studies are developed. The first is drawn from reactions to the recent bureaucratic reorganisation of higher education, especially those responses concentrated on the defence of the humanities. The second concerns developments in post-compulsory education, especially the construction of the new national credentialling system based on the assessment of 'Key Competencies'. The third addresses the endemic problem of educational assessment and equity. While each of these case studies is discussed in its own right, the three areas of discussion supplement one another within an overall argument concerning the relationship between the education system and a particular mode of 'principledt critique. In exploring this relationship, the thesis puts the case that we require a more historically-informed understanding of current problems in Australian education and a more pragmatic appreciation of the achievements of the existing education system. The issues raised are timely ones. Matters of educational policy have become particularly pressing over the past decade, as Australian education has undergone significant changes. In recent years, we have seen the effects of the drive towards a national education system, of the reorganisation of higher education, of the development of schemes for national credentialling and of the reconstruction of links between schooling, training and industry. These reforms have been driven by some pressing imperatives: to produce a trained and flexible workforce; to monitor levels of literacy and numeracy at a national level; and to satisfy the 'unmet demand' for increased educational places, while managing a limited educational budget.
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au, Iain Browning@det wa edu, and Iain W. P. Browning. "Western Australian Education Policy and Neo-classic Economic Influences." Murdoch University, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051129.112230.
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This thesis is primarily an historical examination of how neo-classic economics influenced WA education policy formation from the mid 1980s until the release of the Curriculum Framework (1998). It first aims to examine and explain the context and origins of neo-classic economic influences globally, and then explores the process and impact of its introduction to WA policy-making in general, and to education policy in particular.
Within the thesis some fundamental propositions put forward by other theorists are built upon. The most significant is the view that between 1983 and 1998, there has been a distinct and well documented shift in the primary ideological forces driving education policy throughout the western world. This is attributable to a strengthened link between education and national economic goals which has resulted in an economic imperative and the use of an economic discourse to describe educational aims. From these understandings this thesis explores whether neo-classic economics has played a significant influence in shaping education policy in WA, as it has done in many parts of the world.
The methodological approach principally involves the textual analysis of major policy documents preceding and including the Curriculum Framework (1998). The focus is on primary and secondary sources, essentially to discover, analyze, and demonstrate how neo-classic economics had influenced education policy in WA by 1998.
Taking a pragmatic approach, this professional doctorate makes a specific contribution to research through synthesizing the impact of neo-classic economics on WA schools policy via a range of principally secondary sources. In particular, it explores how neo-classic economics influenced WA education policy by seeking to answer four fundamental research questions:
1. Was the influence of neo-classic economics evident internationally, and if so did it impact on education policy?
2. How did neo-classic economics influence Australian Commonwealth Government schools policy?
3. Were there clear neo-classic economic influences evident within other Australian states, and, if so, did they influence schools policy?
4. In whose interests were neo-classic economic education policies?
Neo-classic economic approaches were espoused widely as a solution to the apparent failure of in economics from the early 1970s onwards. Beare (1995) argued that in many countries policy perspectives for education and other welfare services changed in a number of 'profound' ways, the most significant was the use of an economic rationale to justify almost every significant policy initiative.
Within the Anglo-democracies, specifically the US and UK, the pursuit of neo-classic economic policies involved the adoption of initiatives allowing the 'market' to dictate what should or should not occur within the economy. As a part of the neo-classic economic drive, governments endeavoured to improve efficiency within the public services. Consequently, education policy became driven by an economic imperative often to the detriment of educational aims.
This study demonstrates that neo-classic economic policy came to dominate government decision making in Australia following the election of the Hawke Labor Government in 1983 (Dudley and Vidovich 1995).This was similar to neo-classic economic patterns in the US and UK. By 1985 neo-classic economic trends at the Commonwealth level were clearly evident and become overt and robust with the passage of time. Under Minister Dawkins Commonwealth education policy was fumy linked to national economic goals.
An examination of the Victorian context demonstrates neo-classic economic trends within the other Australian states' education policies. Under the Kennett Liberal Government the shift to neo-classic economic education policy resulted in reductions in educational spending, staffing cuts and school closures. The prime motivation for the reforms was the reduction of costs and the aligning of education through a focus on vocational subjects and employment related skills.
Concomitant with the rise of neo-classic economics was a commensurate growth in the attention of Australian business and industry to education policy. Business and industry groups increasingly promoted the notion of human capital theory by linking education and economic growth. This can be partly attributed to employers' growing interest in having schools produce individuals suitably prepared for positions in the workplace, a phenomenon which has been reflected in WA secondary schools through a shift to a vocationalised curriculum (Browning 1977). In effect business was able to defray expending capital on training workers through hiring school leavers tailored for workplace positions. From at least the early 1980s there was accelerating evidence of a more active and open involvement of business in the major education inquiries which also contributed to policy formation dominated by neo-classic economics.
The exploration of the global and national context of neo-classic economics confirms that neo-classis economic influences within WA Qd not occur in isolation. From at least 1987 it is evident that neo-classic economics influenced WA education policy. The consequence was a curriculum shaped predominantly by economic interests as opposed to educational concerns.
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Browning, Iain W. P. "Western Australian education policy and neo-classic economic influences /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051129.112230.
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Browning, Iain W. P. "Western Australian education policy and neo-classic economic influence." Thesis, Browning, Iain W. P. (2002) Western Australian education policy and neo-classic economic influence. Professional Doctorate thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/471/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is primarily an historical examination of how neo-classic economics influenced WA education policy formation from the mid 1980s until the release of the Curriculum Framework (1998). It first aims to examine and explain the context and origins of neo-classic economic influences globally, and then explores the process and impact of its introduction to WA policy-making in general, and to education policy in particular.
Within the thesis some fundamental propositions put forward by other theorists are built upon. The most significant is the view that between 1983 and 1998, there has been a distinct and well documented shift in the primary ideological forces driving education policy throughout the western world. This is attributable to a strengthened link between education and national economic goals which has resulted in an economic imperative and the use of an economic discourse to describe educational aims. From these understandings this thesis explores whether neo-classic economics has played a significant influence in shaping education policy in WA, as it has done in many parts of the world.
The methodological approach principally involves the textual analysis of major policy documents preceding and including the Curriculum Framework (1998). The focus is on primary and secondary sources, essentially to discover, analyze, and demonstrate how neo-classic economics had influenced education policy in WA by 1998.
Taking a pragmatic approach, this professional doctorate makes a specific contribution to research through synthesizing the impact of neo-classic economics on WA schools policy via a range of principally secondary sources. In particular, it explores how neo-classic economics influenced WA education policy by seeking to answer four fundamental research questions:
1. Was the influence of neo-classic economics evident internationally, and if so did it impact on education policy?
2. How did neo-classic economics influence Australian Commonwealth Government schools policy?
3. Were there clear neo-classic economic influences evident within other Australian states, and, if so, did they influence schools policy?
4. In whose interests were neo-classic economic education policies?
Neo-classic economic approaches were espoused widely as a solution to the apparent failure of in economics from the early 1970s onwards. Beare (1995) argued that in many countries policy perspectives for education and other welfare services changed in a number of 'profound' ways, the most significant was the use of an economic rationale to justify almost every significant policy initiative.
Within the Anglo-democracies, specifically the US and UK, the pursuit of neo-classic economic policies involved the adoption of initiatives allowing the 'market' to dictate what should or should not occur within the economy. As a part of the neo-classic economic drive, governments endeavoured to improve efficiency within the public services. Consequently, education policy became driven by an economic imperative often to the detriment of educational aims.
This study demonstrates that neo-classic economic policy came to dominate government decision making in Australia following the election of the Hawke Labor Government in 1983 (Dudley and Vidovich 1995).This was similar to neo-classic economic patterns in the US and UK. By 1985 neo-classic economic trends at the Commonwealth level were clearly evident and become overt and robust with the passage of time. Under Minister Dawkins Commonwealth education policy was firmly linked to national economic goals.
An examination of the Victorian context demonstrates neo-classic economic trends within the other Australian states' education policies. Under the Kennett Liberal Government the shift to neo-classic economic education policy resulted in reductions in educational spending, staffing cuts and school closures. The prime motivation for the reforms was the reduction of costs and the aligning of education through a focus on vocational subjects and employment related skills.
Concomitant with the rise of neo-classic economics was a commensurate growth in the attention of Australian business and industry to education policy. Business and industry groups increasingly promoted the notion of human capital theory by linking education and economic growth. This can be partly attributed to employers' growing interest in having schools produce individuals suitably prepared for positions in the workplace, a phenomenon which has been reflected in WA secondary schools through a shift to a vocationalised curriculum (Browning 1977). In effect business was able to defray expending capital on training workers through hiring school leavers tailored for workplace positions. From at least the early 1980s there was accelerating evidence of a more active and open involvement of business in the major education inquiries which also contributed to policy formation dominated by neo-classic economics.
The exploration of the global and national context of neo-classic economics confirms that neo-classic economic influences within WA did not occur in isolation. From at least 1987 it is evident that neo-classic economics influenced WA education policy. The consequence was a curriculum shaped predominantly by economic interests as opposed to educational concerns.
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Wright, Sarah Jean, and res cand@acu edu au. "An Investigation Into the Equity and Efficiency of Australia‘s Higher Education System." Australian Catholic University. School of Arts and Sciences (NSW & ACT), 2008. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp179.11112008.
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This thesis examines the impact of changes in higher education policy in Australia on equity for students and efficiency in resource allocation. This involves measuring the impact of the 2005 budgetary changes in the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) on the Private Rate of Return (PRR) and Social Rate of Return (SRR) to higher education for both males and females across different occupations and for different qualifications. This thesis examines the proposition that the movement of Australia‘s higher education system towards a user pays model with price flexibility will deliver greater efficiency. It also considers the argument that students should pay a greater proportion of the cost of higher education as they are the direct beneficiaries. This thesis shows that the increase in HECS fees has coincided with a fall in the quality of university graduates and the demand for a university education by higher achieving and low income students. In addition, this study also found that not only is the SRR positive but is greater than both the real rate of return on Commonwealth Government bonds and Government Trading Enterprises. These findings suggest that there is an inefficient allocation of resources and a need for the Government to allocate relatively more funding to the discipline areas with high Social Rates of Return and graduate skills shortages. This thesis suggests ways to improve the equity and efficiency of Australia‘s higher education system. These policy recommendations aim to increase the quality of and opportunity for higher education in Australia.
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Vidovich, Lesley. "'Quality' as accountability in Australian higher education of the 1990s: A policy trajectory." Thesis, Vidovich, Lesley (1998) 'Quality' as accountability in Australian higher education of the 1990s: A policy trajectory. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51464/.
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In the education policy arena, the notion of 'quality' as a mechanism for increasing accountability to external stakeholders has risen to prominence in the 1990s, as part of the New Right reform agenda of many national governments. Global economic, political and ideological shifts have provided the macro context for initiation of such policies.
This study examines how the localised Australian context created a uniquely Australian version of a quality policy for universities in the early 1990s. Using documents and interviews, the study analyses how the original ministerial policy of 1991 was recontextualised through the Higher Education Council (HEC), to the Committee for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (CQAHE), to individual universities over the life of the policy and beyond. A theoretical framework of a policy trajectory is employed to examine how the policy process evolved through contexts of influence, policy text production and practice (effects). The study reveals the complex, contested and messy realities of this Australian quality policy process in higher education.
A central finding is that the operation of the Australian quality policy of the early 1990s provides an example par excellence of a policy mechanism of 'steering at a distance'. On the one hand, the parameters were clearly set by ministerial guidelines, but on the other hand, the minutiae of the program were shaped by CQAHE and institutional managers in universities. However, 'room for manoeuvre' at the micro political level of this policy process had definite boundaries. Although there was some variation in policy practices at different sites, the 'bigger picture' effects were clearly to increase Government control of higher education and to increase inequalities between and within universities.
A major conclusion of the study is that the quality policy under investigation was a 'clever'* strategy which diverted growing criticism and concerns about increasing demands for accountability driven by quantitative performance indicators. It is precisely because quality is such a complex notion that it is able to 'please some of the people some of the time', thereby facilitating the correspondence of macro level policy text and micro level practice.
* 'Clever' refers to the Labor Government’s sloganised push of the late 1980s and early 1990s to create a 'clever country' to enhance Australia's position in the international marketplace.
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Furtado, Michael Leonard. "Funding Australian Catholic schools for the common good in new times : policy contexts, policy participants and theoretical perspectives /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16295.pdf.
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Webb, Georgina. "Contested elements, competing voices : values added Australian school gender equity policy 1975-2004 /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18367.pdf.
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O'Connor, Allan. "Enterprise, education and economic development an exploration of entrepreneurship's economic function in the Australian government's education policy /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/56956.
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Thesis (PhD) - Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology - 2009.Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University of Technology, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-211)
Books on the topic "Australian education policy"
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Vandenberg, Andrew. Education Policy and the Australian Education Union. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7.
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Bianco, Joseph Lo. Australian literacies: Informing national policy on literacy education. 2nd ed. Belconnen, A.C.T: Language Australia, 2001.
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Scott, Gwen. Australian reports & major policy documents on education: A select list. Clayton, Vic: Deakin University Library, 1993.
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Throsby, C. D. Trade and aid in Australian post-secondary education. [Canberra, A.C.T.]: Development Studies Centre, Australian National University, 1985.
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Frawley, Jack. Cultural Competence and the Higher Education Sector: Australian Perspectives, Policies and Practice. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2020.
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Commission, Australia Commonwealth Schools. The national policy for the education of girls in Australian schools. [Canberra]: The Commission, 1987.
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Languages in Australian education: Problems, prospects and future directions. Newcastle upon tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2010.
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Djité, Paulin G. From language policy to language planning: An overview of languages other than English in Australian education. Deakin, ACT: The National Languages & Literacy Institute of Australia, 1994.
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Roberts, Bryn. A review of the National Aboriginal Languages Program. Canberra: Pitman Roberts and Partners, 1990.
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Education, New South Wales Dept of School. Aboriginal education policy. NSW, Australia: Aboriginal Education Unit, NSW Dept. of School Education, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Australian education policy"
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Teese, Richard. "Structural Inequality in Australian Education." In International Studies in Educational Inequality, Theory and Policy, 374–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5916-2_14.
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Vandenberg, Andrew. "Australian Education Union Responses to the GERM." In Education Policy and the Australian Education Union, 103–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7_4.
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James, Richard, and Craig McInnis. "Equity Policy in Australian Higher Education: A Case of Policy Stasis." In Higher Education Dynamics, 227–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3411-3_14.
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Vandenberg, Andrew. "Introduction." In Education Policy and the Australian Education Union, 1–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7_1.
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Vandenberg, Andrew. "Why Did the ALP Introduce the My School Website?" In Education Policy and the Australian Education Union, 31–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7_2.
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Vandenberg, Andrew. "Is Professional Unionism a Model for Teachers?" In Education Policy and the Australian Education Union, 77–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7_3.
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Vandenberg, Andrew. "Two Schools." In Education Policy and the Australian Education Union, 127–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7_5.
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Vandenberg, Andrew. "Conclusions." In Education Policy and the Australian Education Union, 159–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68047-7_6.
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Brett, Matt, and Andrew Harvey. "Inclusive Assessment and Australian Higher Education Policy." In Assessment for Inclusion in Higher Education, 98–109. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003293101-12.
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Anderson, Ian. "Indigenous Australians and Higher Education: The Contemporary Policy Agenda." In Student Equity in Australian Higher Education, 221–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0315-8_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Australian education policy"
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Márquez-Ramos, Laura. "Bridging the gap between academic and policy-oriented activities in higher education institutions." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11168.
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There are three different types of activities performed in higher education institutions that, taken together, form the components of a trilemma in higher education. These include traditional academic activities (research and teaching), along with those that aim to transfer knowledge beyond academic research (policy-/industry-oriented activities). I argue that there are potential synergies across these three components that can be exploited to resolve this trilemma. This is illustrated in an augmented research value chain that introduces teaching and policy-/industry-oriented activities as phases that complement the research process. The interaction of the different phases in the research process contributes to the generation of new knowledge, increasing the value-added of the organization. This proposal relies on an application in an organizational unit specializing in international trade within an Australian university. Australia provides an interesting case study because research-intensive Australian universities are no longer evaluated purely in terms of their research quality, but also in terms of their transfer of knowledge and contributions beyond academic research. In this context, I conceptualize how to resolve the trilemma, and increase the feasibility of bridging the gap between academic and policy-/industry-oriented activities in higher education institutions.
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Wilson, Paul. "Alternative Strategies for Higher Education Provision at TAFE Queensland." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11160.
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Australia’s tertiary education and training sector consists of Higher Education, predominantly funded and controlled by the Federal Government, and Vocational Education and Training (VET) where both the Federal and State Governments have policy and funding responsibilities. While there has been increasing funding and stable policy in Higher Education over the past decade there has been significant change in the Australian VET sector in policy and reduced funding at the Federal and State levels. TAFE Queensland, the public VET provider in the state of Queensland, has undergone a huge transformation of its own over this period of extensive policy change. As a result of policy and organisational changes TAFE Queensland has had to seek alternatives to ensure that students who choose to study at this public provider are able to access higher education courses. This paper outlines various policy change impacts over the past decade and TAFE Queensland’s innovative approach to ensuring that quality applied degrees are available to interested students who prefer to study with this major public vocational education provider.
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O'Connor, Dee, Christine Robinson, Tracy Treasure, Linda Cranley, and Samantha Wynne. "PLAY-BASED LEARNING IN WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SCHOOLS: CONTRIBUTING TO THE PROCESS FROM POLICY TO PRACTICE." In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.0149.
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Oneill, Peter, Nell Kimberley, and Chih Wei Teng. "Public University Models for Education – from Innovation to Entrepreneurship." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5281.
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The management of Australian public universities has changed dramatically over the last two decades with the decrease in public funding across teaching and research sectors. This has forced a strategic repositioning of universities and likewise a rethink on value generation and its translation into various revenue streams. The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of current government innovation policy and university capabilities to support the translation of innovation, and in so doing explore the possibilities of a Quadruple Helix innovation approach to building new models for education. The paper begins by examining the significant role innovation plays in developing economic wealth, and a discussion of the triple helix framework that identifies the complex collaborative relationships between universities, government and industry. The development of a Quadruple Helix Innovation Model, which places the user at the centre of the relationship, highlights the importance of capabilities in the transmission mechanisms driving innovation. We argue that the measurement of appropriate capabilities formed through collaborations amongst key stakeholders will be critical to new business models. Universities are encouraged to embrace the user value driven business models to provide the innovation, execution and disruption necessary to quadruple the impact on national growth.
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Pearce Churchill, Meryl, Daniel Lindsay, Diana H Mendez, Melissa Crowe, Nicholas Emtage, and Rhondda Jones. "Does Publishing During the Doctorate Influence Completion Time? A Quantitative Study of Doctoral Candidates in Australia." In InSITE 2022: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4912.
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Aim/Purpose This paper investigates the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and completion time. The effects of discipline and of gaining additional support through a doctoral cohort program are also explored. Background Candidates recognize the value of building a publication track record to improve their career prospects yet are cognizant of the time it takes to publish peer-reviewed articles. In some institutions or disciplines, there is a policy or the expectation that doctoral students will publish during their candidature. How-ever, doctoral candidates are also under increasing pressure to complete their studies within a designated timeframe. Thus, some candidates and faculty perceive the two requirements – to publish and to complete on time – as mutually exclusive. Furthermore, where candidates have a choice in the format that the PhD submission will take, be it by monograph, PhD-by-publication, or a hybrid thesis, there is little empirical evidence available to guide the decision. This pa-per provides a quantitative analysis of the association between publishing during candidature and time-to-degree and investigates other variables associated with doctoral candidate research productivity and efficiency. Methodology Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors (discipline [field of research], gender, age group, domestic or international student status, and belonging to a cohort program) of doctoral candidate research productivity and efficacy. Research productivity was quantified by the number of peer-reviewed journal articles that a candidate published as a primary author during and up to 24 months after thesis submission. Efficacy (time-to-degree) was quantified by the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) years of candidature. Data on 1,143 doctoral graduates were obtained from a single Australian university for the period extending from 2000 to 2020. Complete publication data were available on 707 graduates, and time-to-degree data on 664 graduates. Data were drawn from eight fields of research, which were grouped into the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. Contribution This paper addresses a gap in empirical literature by providing evidence of the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and time-to-degree in the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. The paper also adds to the body of evidence that demonstrates the value of belonging to a cohort pro-gram for doctoral student outcomes. Findings There is a significant association between the number of articles published and median time-to-degree. Graduates with the highest research productivity (four or more articles) exhibited the shortest time-to-degree. There was also a significant association between discipline and the number of publications published during candidature. Gaining additional peer and research-focused support and training through a cohort program was also associated with higher research productivity and efficiency compared to candidates in the same discipline but not in receipt of the additional support. Recommendations for Practitioners While the encouragement of candidates to both publish and complete within the recommended doctorate timeframe is recommended, even within disciplines characterized by high levels of research productivity, i.e., where publishing during candidature is the “norm,” the desired levels of student research productivity and efficiency are only likely to be achieved where candidates are provided with consistent writing and publication-focused training, together with peer or mentor support. Recommendations for Researchers Publishing peer-reviewed articles during doctoral candidature is shown not to adversely affect candidates’ completion time. Researchers should seek writing and publication-focused support to enhance their research productivity and efficiency. Impact on Society Researchers have an obligation to disseminate their findings for the benefit of society, industry, or practice. Thus, doctoral candidates need to be encouraged and supported to publish as they progress through their candidature. Future Research The quantitative findings need to be followed up with a mixed-methods study aimed at identifying which elements of publication and research-focused sup-port are most effective in raising doctoral candidate productivity and efficacy.
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"Health Policy Reform Poor Rural Primary Health Care Delivery in Australia." In 2018 International Conference on Education, Psychology, and Management Science. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icepms.2018.175.
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Chen, Yi, and Kexin Han. "The Evaluation and Enlightenment of Student Loan Policy for Higher Education in Australia." In Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research (ICEEMR 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.191221.066.
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Sullivan, Anna. "Insights From a Critical Policy Analysis of the Field of Refugee Education in Australia." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1436461.
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Kövesi, Klara, Greet Langie, Anne Gardner, Jennifer Griffiths, Anikó Kálmán, Johanna Lönngren, and Madeline Polmear. "International practice of capacity building in engineering education: a comparative case study." In SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1279.
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Capacity building is a corner stone for having well prepared and effective teaching staff in engineering education. Despite the importance of capacity building in engineering education, there is relatively little research on this topic. In this paper, we address this gap by reporting on an international comparative study on capacity building practices in university-level engineering education. We examine how capacity building is organised in seven European institutions (in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, UK) and Australia, based on institutional education policies and practices. We compare the preparation of teaching staff, their initial training, and continuing capacity building activities throughout their careers. To do this, we applied a qualitative approach, collecting data through (1) a structured questionnaire answered by the members of the SEFI SIG on Capacity building and (2) written notes produced during an international workshop on capacity building at the 2021 SEFI conference. We then conducted a comparative case study, exploring similarities and differences between incentives for permanent academic staff to engage in capacity building, how capacity building is organised, and at what point in their careers staff engage in it. Our findings indicate very diverse approaches, rules and practices as well as different obstacles and challenges for engineering education. The outcomes of our study can be used by policy makers to inform capacity building practices and engineering education in HEIs (Higher Education Institutions), and our questionnaire provides a tool for monitoring and reporting practices throughout the sector.
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Venables, Anne, and Grace Tan. "Realizing Learning in the Workplace in an Undergraduate IT Program." In InSITE 2009: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3359.
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Higher education programs need to prepare their graduates for the practical challenges they can expect to face upon entering the workforce. Students can be better prepared if their academic learning is reinforced through authentic workplace experience, where the link between theory and professional practice can be realized. Increasingly, such learning in the workplace is being seen as an integral part of the university curricula as evidenced through the implementation of the Learning the Workplace & Community (LiWC) Policy at Victoria University, Australia. This policy mandates a minimum of 25% content and assessment of all academic programs be related to work-integrated learning. Recognizing the need for authentic workplace experience in the IT undergraduate program, a review found that the existing work-related learning component accounted for only half the required 25% LiWC commitment. Currently, the LiWC component is an industry-based capstone project that spans two semesters in the final year of study. These projects allow students to work on real-life software development tasks where they experience the practical challenges of building software systems whilst appreciating the needs of a business client. In a search of the literature, campus-located industry projects were identified as one of the two most common work-related learning experiences in IT programs, the other being internships sited in the workplace. By retaining the current project-based component, it was decided to add an internship to the program to further bolster the student learning experience and graduate outcomes. This paper details the existing program structure and explores two possible implementations for the achievement of the LiWC policy. The first approach necessitates the addition of one academic year of cooperative education internship to be placed strategically between the current second and third years. Alternatively, the second proposal sacrifices several elective units to accommodate a final semester internship experience. The paper discusses both alternatives against various issues under consideration: staffing and administration, assessment, industry partnerships, professional accreditation and its impact upon differing cohorts of students.
Reports on the topic "Australian education policy"
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Medhurst, Marijne, Maya Conway, and Kathryn Richardson. Remote learning for students with a disability: Game changer or moment in time? Literature Review. Australian Council for Educational Research, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-683-3.
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This literature review draws from Australian and international research into the impact of remote learning for students with disability, published between March 2020 and April 2022. The literature relates to pedagogical services provided by early childhood services and schools to support students with disability, rather than therapeutic services. The social implications for students are reviewed along with educational factors, and implications for inclusion and support by schools. Following an overview of the legal and policy frameworks supporting the education of students with disability, this review investigates benefits, challenges and opportunities for both remote learning and transition back to in-person educational settings for students and their families. The themes emerging include flexible approaches to learning, connectedness and wellbeing.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.
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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.