Journal articles on the topic 'Australian deaf community'
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1
Branson, Jan, and Don Miller. "Language and identity in the Australian deaf community." Language Planning and Language Policy in Australia 8 (January 1, 1991): 135–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.8.08bra.
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This paper examines the relationship between the Deaf1, their language, Auslan2 (Australian Sign Language), and the encompassing dominant hearing society and its culture in the context of the development of effective language policies for the Deaf, not only within the context of schooling but in the years prior to formal education and beyond the school. The paper has developed out of an initial response by AUSLAB (the Australian Sign Language Advisory Board, formed by the Australian Association of the Deaf) to the Federal Government’s Green Paper, The Language of Australia: Discussion Paper on an Australian Literacy and Language Policy for the 1990s. (Commonwealth of Australia 1990), later superseded by the White Paper, Australia’s Language: The Australian Language and Literacy Policy (Commonwealth of Australia 1991a & b).
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Slegers, Claudia. "Signs of change." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 5.1–5.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral1005.
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This study explores contemporary attitudes to Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Since at least the 1960s, sign languages have been accepted by linguists as natural languages with all of the key ingredients common to spoken languages. However, these visual-spatial languages have historically been subject to ignorance and myth in Australia and internationally. Absorbing these views, deaf Australians have felt confused and ambivalent about Auslan. Whilst recognising the prestige of spoken and signed versions of the majority language and the low status of their own, they have been nevertheless powerfully drawn to sign language. In the past two decades, a growing awareness and acceptance of Auslan has emerged among deaf and hearing Australians alike, spurred by linguistic research, lobbying by deaf advocacy groups and other developments. These issues are explored using semi-structured interviews with deaf and hearing individuals, participant observation in the deaf community, and analysis of government and educational language policies.
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Slegers, Claudia. "Signs of change." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 1 (2010): 5.1–5.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.33.1.04sle.
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This study explores contemporary attitudes to Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Since at least the 1960s, sign languages have been accepted by linguists as natural languages with all of the key ingredients common to spoken languages. However, these visual-spatial languages have historically been subject to ignorance and myth in Australia and internationally. Absorbing these views, deaf Australians have felt confused and ambivalent about Auslan. Whilst recognising the prestige of spoken and signed versions of the majority language and the low status of their own, they have been nevertheless powerfully drawn to sign language. In the past two decades, a growing awareness and acceptance of Auslan has emerged among deaf and hearing Australians alike, spurred by linguistic research, lobbying by deaf advocacy groups and other developments. These issues are explored using semi-structured interviews with deaf and hearing individuals, participant observation in the deaf community, and analysis of government and educational language policies.
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Hodge, Gabrielle, Kazuki Sekine, Adam Schembri, and Trevor Johnston. "Comparing signers and speakers: building a directly comparable corpus of Auslan and Australian English." Corpora 14, no. 1 (April 2019): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2019.0161.
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The Auslan and Australian English archive and corpus is the first bilingual, multi-modal documentation of a deaf signed language (Auslan, the language of the Australian deaf community) and its ambient spoken language (Australian English). It aims to facilitate the direct comparison of face-to-face, multi-modal talk produced by deaf signers and hearing speakers from the same city. Here, we describe the documentation of the bilingual, multi-modal archive and outline its development pathway into a directly comparable corpus of a signed language and spoken language. We differentiate it from existing bilingual corpora and offer some research questions which the resulting corpus may be best placed to answer. The Auslan and Australian English corpus has the potential to redress several significant misunderstandings in the comparison of signed and spoken languages, especially those that follow from misapplications of the paradigm that multi-modal signed languages are used and structured in ways that are parallel to the uni-modal spoken or written conventions of spoken languages.
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Munro, Louise, and John Rodwell. "Validation of an Australian Sign Language Instrument of Outcome Measurement for Adults in Mental Health Settings." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670902721111.
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Objective: There are currently no adult mental health outcome measures that have been translated into Australian sign language (Auslan). Without a valid and reliable Auslan outcome measure, empirical research into the efficacy of mental health interventions for sign language users is unattainable. To address this research problem the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS), a measure of general functioning, was translated into Auslan and recorded on to digital video disk for use in clinical settings. The purpose of the present study was therefore to examine the reliability, validity and acceptability of an Auslan version of the ORS (ORS-Auslan). Method: The ORS-Auslan was administered to 44 deaf people who use Auslan as their first language and who identify as members of a deaf community (termed ‘Deaf’ people) on their first presentation to a mental health or counselling facility and to 55 Deaf people in the general community. The community sample also completed an Auslan version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: t-Tests indicated significant differences between the mean scores for the clinical and community sample. Internal consistency was acceptable given the low number of items in the ORS-Auslan. Construct validity was established by significant correlations between total scores on the DASS-21-Auslan and ORS-Auslan. Acceptability of ORS-Auslan was evident in the completion rate of 93% compared with 63% for DASS-21-Auslan. Conclusions: This is the only Auslan outcome measure available that can be used across a wide variety of mental health and clinical settings. The ORS-Auslan provides mental health clinicians with a reliable and valid, brief measure of general functioning that can significantly distinguish between clinical and non-clinical presentations for members of the Deaf community.
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Snoddon, Kristin. "Managing their own affairs: The Australian Deaf community in the 1920s and 1930s." Disability & Society 34, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2018.1563990.
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Johnston, Trevor A. "W(h)ither the Deaf Community? Population, Genetics, and the Future of Australian Sign Language." American Annals of the Deaf 148, no. 5 (2004): 358–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aad.2004.0004.
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Johnston, Trevor A. "W(h)ither the Deaf Community? Population, Genetics, and the Future of Australian Sign Language." Sign Language Studies 6, no. 2 (2006): 137–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2006.0006.
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Reed, Lauren W. "“Switching caps”." Asia-Pacific Language Variation 6, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 13–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aplv.19010.ree.
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Abstract Abstract (Australian Sign Language) Most bilingualism and translanguaging studies focus on spoken language; less is known about how people use two or more ways of signing. Here, I take steps towards redressing this imbalance, presenting a case study of signed language in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The study’s methodology is participant observation and analysis of conversational recordings between deaf signers. The Port Moresby deaf community uses two ways of signing: sign language and culture. sign language is around 30 years old, and its lexicon is drawn largely from Australasian Signed English. In contrast, culture – which is as old as each individual user – is characterised by signs of local origin, abundant depiction, and considerable individual variation. Despite sign language’s young age, its users have innovated a metalinguistic sign (switch-caps) to describe switching between ways of communicating. To conclude, I discuss how the Port Moresby situation challenges both the bilingualism and translanguaging approaches.
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Adam, Robert. "Managing Their Own Affairs: The Australian Deaf Community in the 1920s and 1930s by Breda Carty." Sign Language Studies 20, no. 1 (2019): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2019.0018.
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Leggat, Sandra G. "The Australian social inclusion agenda." Australian Health Review 32, no. 3 (2008): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080379.
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LAST MONTH we saw the first meeting of the Australia Social Inclusion Board. Members of the Board ? Ms Patricia Faulkner, Monsignor David Cappo, Ms Elleni Bereded-Samuel, Dr Ngaire Brown, Mr Eddie McGuire, Mr Ahmed Fahour, Professor Fiona Stanley and others ? are charged with ensuring that every Australian has the opportunity to be a full participant in the life of the nation.1 In government terms, this means all Australians have the opportunity to: secure a job; access services; connect with family, friends, work, personal interests and local community; deal with personal crisis; and have their voices heard.2 Monsignor Cappo has defined a socially inclusive society as ?one where all people feel valued, their differences are respected, and their basic needs are met so they can live in dignity?.3 This issue of the journal explores social inclusion from health care perspectives.
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Swerissen, Hal. "Editorial: CoAG and Primary Health Reform." Australian Journal of Primary Health 12, no. 1 (2006): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py06001.
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Chronic disease prevention and management, integration and community care continue to be key themes for primary health and community care as the papers in this issue of the Journal attest. Three quarters of Australians have an ongoing chronic illness (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006). The Council of Australian Governments has recently emphasised the importance of health promotion and disease prevention (Council of Australian Governments, 2006), but to date proposals for action have been disappointing. There is now a plethora of research on these issues and innovative policy and practice to deal with them. There is little doubt that primary health and community care programs are important for the effective delivery of chronic disease prevention. Yet, it remains difficult to get concrete progress towards a national policy framework for primary health and community care. Instead we have incremental, piecemeal attempts at reform. Why is this so?
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Мёдова, Наталья Анатольевна, Наталия Васильевна Байгулова, and Галина Петровна Обносова. "PROBLEMS IN THE HABILITATION OF A CHILD WITH A COCHLEAR IMPLANT IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE REGIONAL COMPONENT." Pedagogical Review, no. 5(39) (October 8, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2021-5-41-46.
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Анализируется современное состояние проблемы абилитации детей дошкольного возраста с нарушениями слуха. Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена тем, что в последние десятилетия число детей, подвергшихся кохлеарной имплантации, значительно выросло. Исследуются методы и приемы работы в системе коррекционного воздействия на глухих детей с кохлеарным имплантом, применяющиеся в Российской Федерации. Целью изучения является анализ представленного в научной литературе опыта сопровождения детей с кохлеарным имплантом, а также обозначение проблемы реализации данного направления в регионах. Приводится информация, подтверждающая специфику развития детей, перенесших кохлеарную имплантацию. Определена на уровне региона проблема, которая затрудняет процесс формирования словесной речи у детей с кохлеарным имплантом. Приводятся данные анкетирования родителей, воспитывающих детей с кохлеарным имплантом, проживающих в городах Томске и Северске, по вопросам абилитации детей данной категории и обозначаются варианты направлений деятельности специалистов. The article analyzes the current state of the problem of rehabilitation (habilitation) of preschool children after cochlear implantation. The authors analyze the different approaches of accompanying deaf children with cochlear implants that exist in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the research topic is due to the significant increase in the number of such schoolage children in Russia over the past 10 years. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the experience presented in the scientific literature of accompanying families raising children with disabilities with cochlear implants on various educational routes and areas of life. The author also analyzes the experience of the Australian parent community on the issues of accompanying children after cochlear implantation. The article provides information confirming the specifics of the development of children who have undergone cochlear implantation and their peers who use hearing aids. Work, support of preschool children with cochlear implants is carried out not only at the clinical bases of the Scientific and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology of Russia, but also in its branches in republican, regional, regional clinical hospitals with the involvement of regional specialists of the federal districts of the country. A necessary condition for supporting preschool children after cochlear implantation is the implementation of the principles of correctional and developmental activities.
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D'Souza, Nigel. "Aboriginal Children: The Challenge for the end of the Millennium." Children Australia 15, no. 2 (1990): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200002686.
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No other group of children in Australian society stands in greater judgement of the ability and willingness of this society to deal with their problems than aboriginal children.The challenge that faces all of us in the nineties, including aboriginal community-controlled organisations like SNAICC, is whether we are going to be able to break the cycle of disadvantage, poverty and racism that keeps our children and our community at the very bottom of this society.The 20th century history of Australia will be seen as the millennium of a great expansion of wealth in Australia. It will be regarded as a period of gigantic advances in science and productive technology. It will also - if historians record accurately - show the plight of aboriginal people as the single glaring blight on the record of this country.
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Lang, Ernie, and Greg Rumbold. "The effectiveness of community-based interventions to reduce violence in and around licensed premises: a comparison of three Australian models." Contemporary Drug Problems 24, no. 4 (December 1997): 805–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145099702400408.
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The findings of the Australian National Committee on Violence and the outcomes of a National Symposium on Alcohol and Violence have encouraged an interest in locally based initiatives to deal with the problem of alcohol-related violence in and around licensed premises in Australia. The first initiatives to emerge were in the form of local accords between police and licensees, with varying degrees of input and support from local government, licensing authorities, the various liquor industry associations, and the local community. To date none of these accords has had any legislative backing nor been underpinned by signed agreements, relying solely on the cooperation of the various parties. The early success claimed by the pioneering accords has resulted in their proliferation throughout Australia. This paper reviews three of the better-known accords, the West End Forum Project, the Surfers Paradise Safety Action Project, and the Geelong Local Industry Accord. Some general conclusions are made regarding the factors that are important with respect to the sustainability and efficacy of these approaches.
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Day, Gary. "Book Review: The Australian health care system." Australian Health Review 32, no. 2 (2008): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080371.
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THIS IS THE THIRD edition of one of the seminal local texts on the Australian health care system. Over the last seven years, this text has proved a basis for helping students, casual readers and health professionals understand Australia?s sometimes difficult to understand health care system. The text is divided into ten chapters that deal with key aspects of Australia?s health care system, namely: � Frameworks for analysis � The Australian population and its health � Financing health care � The health workforce � Departmental and intergovernmental structures � Hospitals � Public health � Primary and community care � Pharmaceuticals � Policy challenges for the Australian health care system. There are several key reasons why this text has been widely used in the past and will continue to be of value well into the future. The author has been able to accurately describe the complexities of the Australian health care system in an easily digestible way. This is a feat in itself and worthy of praise. There is an appropriate use of tables and figures to support the written content. Finally, the author provides excellent conclusions that bring together the salient points and issues in each chapter. The publisher promotes that this edition includes new material on health workforce, patient safety and medical and health insurance. The Australian health care system delivers on this claim, providing useful insights and a deeper understanding of the issues that confront the future direction and delivery of health services in this country. This text is a useful addition to any library as well as a staple for students needing to more clearly understand the complexities and challenges of the Australian health care system. My only suggestion is that the text could have been enhanced by the inclusion of revision or reflective questions at the end of each chapter. In summary, a must-have as part of a good health-related library.
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French, Rebecca, and Larry Stillman. "The Informationalisation of the Australian Community Sector." Social Policy and Society 13, no. 4 (March 24, 2014): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746414000098.
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Based on research in Australia, this article offers explanatory concepts about how welfare workers deal with contradictions between the rationalising ‘informationalisation’ of welfare system governance and the demands of people-centred welfare practice, or ‘technologies of care’. While the situation in Australia with respect to the relationship between government, funders and welfare workers may not be mirrored in other places, the concepts are relevant for the development of local research, insights and practice.Suggestions are also made for further action to bridge the gap between information systems design and welfare practice through the adoption of a dialogic and representational system for more effective interoperable design that reflects the needs of the major parties involved, including funders, designers and particularly welfare workers.
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Gardner, Heather. "Editorial." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 1 (1996): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96001.
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The Australian Journal of Primary Health - Interchange was launched on 11 December 1995 by the Honourable Mr Rob Knowles, Victorian Minister for Aged Care, and Ms Kerry Ferguson, Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences, and chaired by Ms Shirley Freeman, President of the Victorian Community Health Association and President of the Australian Community Health Association.
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Reynolds, Ruth, Suzanne Macqueen, and Kate Ferguson-Patrick. "Educating for global citizenship: Australia as a case study." International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning 11, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18546/ijdegl.11.1.07.
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Twenty-first-century teaching prepares students for a globalized existence. The long-established goal of schooling to prepare a responsible citizenry who strive for the benefit of the community must now be extended, assisting students to become global citizens, equipped to deal with global issues. This article investigates how civics and citizenship education is addressed in curricula; in particular, to what extent the ongoing issue of supporting a critical citizenry, locally and globally, is addressed. Using Australia as a case study, we present an analysis of selected Australian primary school (ages 5–12) curriculum documents to determine the extent of commitment to educating for global citizenship specifically. While intentions are good, work is needed to ensure that these are enacted within schools.
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Terry, D. R., Q. Lê, H. B. Nguyen, and C. Malatzky. "Misconceptions of the Deaf: Giving voice to the voiceless." Health, Culture and Society 9 (December 8, 2017): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2017.211.
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The Deaf usually do not see themselves as having a disability; however, discourses and social stereotyping continue to portray the Deaf rather negatively. These discourses may lead to misconceptions, prejudice and possibly discrimination. A study was conducted to identify the challenges members of the Deaf community experience accessing quality health care in a small Island state of Australia. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with service providers and the Deaf community. Audist discourses of deafness as deficiency, disability and disease remain dominant in contemporary society and are inconsistency with the Deaf community’s own perception of their reality. Despite the dominant constructions of deafness and their affect on the Deaf’s experience of health service provision, many Deaf have developed skills, confidence and resilience to live in the hearing world. The Deaf were pushing back on discourses that construct deafness as a disempowering impairment.
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Terry, Daniel R., Quynh Lê, and Hoang Boi Nguyen. "Moving forward with dignity: Exploring health awareness in an isolated Deaf community of Australia." Disability and Health Journal 9, no. 2 (April 2016): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2015.11.002.
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Ewart, Jacqui. "Exploring the Unity in Australian Community Radio." Media International Australia 142, no. 1 (February 2012): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214200114.
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It's no secret that the representation of migrant groups in the media has been particularly problematic, as has been their access to mainstream media, and both issues have attracted a great deal of research. Far less attention has been paid by researchers to how these groups respond when they experience such difficulties, and the various forms of media they use to engage with a variety of issues pertinent to them and their settlement experiences. This article uses data from two projects: Australia's first, and to date only, national study of community radio audiences; and a more recent case study of a community radio station undertaken in the course of research into talkback radio audiences. It reveals that community radio stations and programs provide migrant communities with a space in which they can discuss and negotiate their civic and social rights and responsibilities. Drawing on the reflections of audience members who listen to and call specific radio programs, this article explores the under-examined but vital role performed by these stations and programs in the social and civic lives of immigrants. It reveals that ethnic community radio programs are helping some audience members to formulate notions of good citizenship, and thus engage with democratic processes, which is vital to feeling socially included. The research reveals immigrants are using community radio proactively to reach out to and connect with the broader Australian community, while also reminding themselves of their homeland, culture and language. However, this article warns that researchers have largely focused on the ‘good news story’ of community broadcasting and suggests that a more critical approach to future research is warranted.
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Whiley, H., E. Willis, J. Smith, and K. Ross. "Environmental health in Australia: overlooked and underrated." Journal of Public Health 41, no. 3 (October 5, 2018): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy156.
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Abstract Improvements in environmental health have had the most significant impact on health status. In Australia, life expectancy has significantly increased through provision of vaccination, safe food and drinking water, appropriate sewage disposal and other environmental health measures. Yet the profession that is instrumental in delivering environmental health services at the local community level is overlooked. Rarely featuring in mainstream media, the successes of Environmental Health Officers (EHOs) are invisible to the general public. As a consequence, students entering university are unaware of the profession and its significant role in society. This has resulted in there being too few EHOs to meet the current regulatory requirements, much less deal with the emerging environmental health issues arising as a consequence of changing global conditions including climate change. To futureproof Australian society and public health this workforce issue, and the associated oversight of environmental health must be addressed now.
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Ridley, A. M. "The role of farming systems group approaches in achieving sustainability in Australian agriculture." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 6 (2005): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03247.
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The concepts surrounding sustainability are outlined and economic, environmental and social sustainability are defined for Australian farming systems — including the issue of scale at which sustainability can be practically applied. Farming systems work in Australia is often a farmer–scientist partnership, with research mainly conducted at the paddock/farm scale, this being where management decisions are made. Farming systems research as conducted currently has concentrated on components of the ‘system’ and could be described as systems in name more than substance. Farming systems groups have primarily focused on issue of profitability and economic sustainability (soil resource). Some groups have focused on salinity and recharge related issues using perennial pastures, but work on biodiversity has been limited, despite its role as a key environmental sustainability issue, at least, in southern Australia. Several groups are addressing issues of social sustainability at scales larger (e.g. local community or region) than the farm. Farming systems groups need to progress towards more sustainable farming systems involving increased complexity and consideration of multiple values for a number of reasons outlined in this paper. Important factors in this evolution include investment in developing new technologies, the knowledge and learning environment, increased emphasis on environmental and social sustainability, progression to larger scales (e.g. catchment or region), and different relationships in view of changing institutional arrangements. Social learning and ‘soft systems’ approaches will become more important to provide skills to deal with complexity, conflict, and multiple values of people. Farming systems groups need to become more actively engaged with a wider group of stakeholders including catchment management organisations and other non-farming members of the community. Such engagement is occurring in some groups. However, there are large training needs, particularly for facilitators to effectively deal with the increasing complexity of work conducted by groups that are involving larger scales and using a multi-disciplinary approach.
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Rojas-Lizana, Sol, and Marisa Cordella. "Ageing in a foreign land: Stressors and coping strategies in the discourse of older adult Spanish speakers in Australia." Transitions: Journal of Transient Migration 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tjtm_00010_1.
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Using discourse analysis we explore the connections between ageing and coping in the discourse of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) older Spanish speakers in Australia in relation to the stressor ‘uncertainty about future care’. We examined nineteen semi-structured interviews of CALD seniors living in Brisbane to identify and analyse discursively the coping strategies that they used when talking about future care giving. The results indicate that the participants use active and passive coping strategies to deal with their stressors. The active strategies favour a connection between family members and community support, while the passive strategies show a level of self-protective resignation about what the future holds for them by resorting to religious comfort. Although participants express preference for the way care was provided to older people in their country of origin, they also seem resigned to their children adopting Anglo-Australian customs, and justify this choice as an unavoidable product of cultures in contact.
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Raicevic Bajic, Dragana, Gordana Nikolic, Mihailo Gordic, Kimberley Mouvet, and Mieke Van Herreweghe. "Serbian Sign Language: officially recognised, yet not used in deaf education." DiGeSt - Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies 8, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/digest.v8i1.15646.
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The No Child Left Behind Act in the US (2001), the programme “Write it Right” in Australia (1994) and the Council of Europe’s project Languages of Schooling (2006) point towards a growing awareness of unequal access to education. All over the world legislative initiatives have been taken to ensure that all students have access, both in terms of social cost and linguistic barriers (Reffell & McKee, 2009). However, in some countries, the deaf community with its often invisible cultural linguistic identity appears not to benefit from the change in ideology towards equal education. In this paper we are looking at one such deaf community, i.e. the Serbian deaf community, and at past and present language ideologies, attitudes and practices with respect to their language, i.e. Serbian Sign Language or SZJ. We start by situating these ideological positions of language users and educators within a broader historical context by giving the first account of SZJ, its place in education and its history within the Western Balkan sociopolitical and linguistic context. We then focus on a thematic analysis of data from interviews with deaf signers and teachers about how they experienced and perceived language in education. This revealed that deaf signers see SZJ as the most important building block in their learning process whilst the teachers emphasise hearing as the major factor in learning. The findings clearly point at a discrepancy in sign language ideologies between deaf SZJ users and their teachers resulting in conflicting attitudes and practices in Serbia today.
Keywords: Serbian Sign Language, deaf education, language policy, practice, language attitudes
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Ziegelaar, Mark, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Flood Exposure Assessment and Mapping: A Case Study for Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Hydrology 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9110193.
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Floods are the most common and costliest natural disaster in Australia. However, the Flood Risk Assessments (FRAs) employed to manage them are hazard-focused and tend to overlook exposure and vulnerability. This leaves potential for Australian FRAs to make better use of a technique which holistically incorporates all three flood risk components. In this study, flood exposure assessment and mapping for the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment (HNC), a flood-prone region in Australia, was conducted. Three flood exposure indicators—population density, land use type, and critical infrastructure density—were selected to derive the flood exposure index (FEI). Results demonstrated that Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2s) on or near the floodplain, located near the eastern border of the HNC, are severely or extremely flood-exposed due to the significant presence of flood-exposed assets such as hospitals or police stations. The Wahroonga (West)—Waitara SA2 was the most exposed SA2 in the catchment (extreme exposure). This was followed by the Acacia Gardens, Glendenning—Dean Park, and Cambridge Park SA2s (all severely exposed). The Goulburn SA2 was also identified as severely flood-exposed even though it remains outside of the floodplain. This is due to its many exposed assets as Australia’s first inland town. All selected indicators were found to either strongly or moderately positively correlate with the FEI. Ultimately, this novel FEI can assist in the reduction of flood risk in the HNC, as well as foster community resilience strategies. Additionally, the developed scalable and replicable methodology can be applied to other flood-prone regions of Australia.
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Spaaij, Ramón, Karen Farquharson, Jonathan Magee, Ruth Jeanes, Dean Lusher, and Sean Gorman. "A Fair Game for All? How Community Sports Clubs in Australia Deal With Diversity." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 38, no. 4 (December 16, 2013): 346–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723513515888.
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Bradfield, Owen M. "Hearing Parents’ Voices: Parental Refusal of Cochlear Implants and the Zone of Parental Discretion." Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 19, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11673-021-10154-8.
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AbstractIt has been forty years since the first multi-channel cochlear implant was used in Australia. While heralded in the hearing world as one of the greatest inventions in modern medicine, not everyone reflects on this achievement with enthusiasm. For many people in the Deaf community, they see the cochlear implant as a tool that reinforces a social construct that pathologizes deafness and removes Deaf identity. In this paper, I set out the main arguments for and against cochlear implantation. While I conclude that, on balance, cochlear implants improve the well-being and broaden the open futures of deaf children, this does not justify mandating implants in circumstances where parents refuse them because this may compound unintended harms when society interferes in the parent-child relationship. For this reason, I argue that parental refusal of cochlear implantation falls within Gillam’s concept of the zone of parental discretion.
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Cruz, Miguel G., Susan Kidnie, Stuart Matthews, Richard J. Hurley, Alen Slijepcevic, David Nichols, and Jim S. Gould. "Evaluation of the predictive capacity of dead fuel moisture models for Eastern Australia grasslands." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 9 (2016): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16036.
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The moisture content of dead grass fuels is an important input to grassland fire behaviour prediction models. We used standing dead grass moisture observations collected within a large latitudinal spectrum in Eastern Australia to evaluate the predictive capacity of six different fuel moisture prediction models. The best-performing models, which ranged from a simple empirical formulation to a physically based process model, yield mean absolute errors of 2.0% moisture content, corresponding to a 25–30% mean absolute percentage error. These models tended to slightly underpredict the moisture content observations. The results have important implications for the authenticity of fire danger rating and operational fire behaviour prediction, which form the basis of community information and warnings, such as evacuation notices, in Australia.
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MESSERLIN, PATRICK, and ERIK VAN DER MAREL. "Polly wants a Doha deal: what does the trade community think?" World Trade Review 10, no. 4 (October 2011): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745611000334.
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After ten years of negotiations, the Doha ‘Round is on the verge of collapse. At this difficult juncture, it is interesting to get a sense of the mood and thinking of the trade community on three key questions1:1.How serious is the situation?2.What are the causes of the current stalemate?3.What are the best solution(s)Two recent fora give an opportunity to analyze the answers of 71 observers to these questions at a crucial time, namely the month preceding the collapse of expectations that Doha might be completed by the end of 2011 (from April 1 to May 2, 2011). The CUTS Trade Forum (2011) triggered by Jagdish Bhagwati's op.ed. ‘Polly Wants a Doha Deal’ offered an open discussion forum where the 57 self-selected respondents could make their remarks with no pre-established format. The VoxEU (2011) e-book ‘Why World Leaders Must Resist the False Promise of a Doha Delay’ gathered short chapters written by 14 authors chosen by the e-book editors and willing to contribute. The respondents (all of them with a long experience in trade matters) include academics (25), former and current negotiators (9), lawyers (4), journalists (3), business (3), national civil servants (2) and trade policy experts (25 in total, of whom six are working in international institutions and nine in think tanks). Participants came from all continents: Africa (1), Asia (6), Europe (23), North America (15), Latin America (6), with a few countries particularly well represented (11 from the USA, 4 from Canada, 3 from Australia). The 17 respondents based in Geneva represent a wide range of nationalities.
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Stark, Astrid M., and Alex Hope. "Aboriginal women's stories of sexually transmissible infection transmission and condom use in remote central Australia." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07009.
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Background: Sexually transmissible infection (STI) rates are persistently high in central Australia, creating conditions for a potential HIV pandemic in the area. There is a shortage of qualitative research examining the underlying factors affecting STI transmission in this region. The present study investigates Aboriginal women’s current levels of knowledge regarding STI and their transmission, perception of risk for STI, patterns of condom use, access to condoms and experiences of condom negotiation with their partners. It also explores the sociocultural context of their sexual health. Methods: The present study used qualitative methods with a semistructured questionnaire. Twenty-four women aged 18–35 years from one remote central-Australian Aboriginal community were recruited. Results: The results revealed poor understandings of STI transmission, limited access to condoms and low levels of condom use despite a high perception of risk to STI. They also identified specific issues facing these women regarding the sociocultural context of their condom use, their access to condoms and the transmission of STI. The perceived effects of alcohol abuse, infidelity, sexual assault and shame on the acquisition of STI were significant issues for the women. Conclusion: This research has identified an urgent need for further qualitative research into the sociocultural factors that facilitate the spread of STI among Aboriginal people of remote central Australia. Implications include the need to increase their knowledge regarding STI and STI transmission, to increase women’s access to condoms and to incorporate the teaching of skills to deal with sexual assault and violence into sexual-health education.
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Steijlen, Fridus. "Remembrance of Dutch War Dead in Southeast Asia, 1942-1945." Public History Review 16 (November 8, 2009): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v16i0.1052.
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Recognition of the war experience in Southeast Asia in the Netherlands was not easy. The Indisch community, those who had to leave the Netherlands East Indies after decolonization, did not feel that their war experience was accepted. Following the story of one man, a former POW, this article shows how unorthodox ways of protesting were used to command respect and acknowledgement. The arena for these actions was not only the Indisch monument in the Netherlands, but also the War cemetery in Thailand. The former Dutch POW ended up in a dispute with the Australian caretaker of that cemetery over the specific location of a camp. Both men, however, were motivated by the same urge to find the exact locations of camps along the Burma railway. The story of this POW shows how important official recognition is on a personal level.
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de Crespigny, Charlotte, Inge Kowanko, Helen Murray, Carolyn Emden, and Scott Wilson. "Improving Indigenous health through better medication management: an overview." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 1 (2005): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05003.
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This paper provides an overview of a major South Australian research project with implications for the health of all Indigenous Australians. The researchers set out to explore the medication needs of Aboriginal people with mental health problems and found that most Aboriginal people have to deal with profound challenges to social and emotional wellbeing with significant medication implications. No previous research had investigated the problem of medication use by Aboriginal people in metropolitan, rural and remote locations to the depth and extent of this project. The research therefore is of widespread relevance and holds interest for many Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals and groups, consumers, service providers and policy-makers. As a research team comprising Indigenous and non-Indigenous members, we were committed to implementing strategies in the course of the project with immediate benefit to project participants as well as longer-term impact on improved use of medications. The design of the project enabled these strategic interventions and we are pleased to promote this model to other researchers. Recommendations from the project concern services, coordination of care, carers and family members, workforce education, and community development. Readers are advised where the project report and other published papers can be accessed. The project was funded by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing.
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Turnbull, Paul. "International Repatriations of Indigenous Human Remains and Its Complexities: the Australian Experience." Museum and Society 18, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v18i1.3246.
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In this article, I discuss how returns of Ancestral Remains of Indigenous Australian communities from overseas museums and other scientific institutions since the early 1990s have occurred in the context of changing Australian government repatriation policies and practices. The article then highlights how the past three decades have seen numerous instances of the return of Ancestral Remains to their community proving difficult and stressful because of the loss of ancestral lands, life-ways and the experience of colonial subjugation. As I explain, returning the dead has challenged the living by requiring them to address questions of authority, power and historical legacies of colonialism, notably in the case of those communities seeking the restoration of ownership of their ancestral country within the framework of Australia’s current national and state land laws.
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Harvey, A. S., and F. L. Bird. "Community structure of a rhodolith bed from cold-temperate waters (southern Australia)." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 5 (2008): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07186.
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Rhodolith beds are aggregations of free-living non-geniculate coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), with a high biodiversity of associated organisms. This is the first detailed study of a rhodolith-bed community from the cold-temperate waters of southern Australia. This bed, located at 1–4-m depth in Western Port, Victoria, is composed of four rhodolith-forming species (Hydrolithon rupestre (Foslie) Penrose, Lithothamnion superpositum Foslie, Mesophyllum engelhartii (Foslie) Adey and Neogoniolithon brassica-florida (Harvey) Setchell & Mason). M. engelhartii has a foliose growth form and the other three species have fruticose growth forms. Detailed descriptions are provided for all species, allowing reliable identification. Comparisons with other rhodolith beds and reported rhodolith-forming species, both in Australia and worldwide, are also provided. The invertebrate cryptofaunal community was quantified for two rhodolith-forming species. The density of cryptofauna inhabiting foliose and fruticose rhodolith growth forms did not differ significantly and neither did abundance of individual phyla. Mean density of fauna was 0.4 invertebrates cm–3, the majority of which were polychaete worms. Comparisons of fauna associated with other rhodolith beds are also provided. A study of the vitality of the rhodolith bed showed dead rhodoliths are more abundant than live rhodoliths. Possible reasons for reduced bed vitality are explored.
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McCormack, John T. "Educating social workers for the demographic imperative." Australian Health Review 32, no. 3 (2008): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080400.
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Our health system aims to restore, maintain and improve the independent function of all Australians and so our health workforce needs to have the knowledge, skills and abilities to achieve this task. As older people are already significant users of the health system, and will increase in the future due to population ageing, our workforce should be trained to deal with the age-related health and social needs required to achieve independent living for older Australians. Social workers, like other allied health disciplines, play a key role in hospitals and community health settings in maintaining older peoples? health and wellbeing in the community, as well as carer support. This article reports on a pilot research program to look at the skills and competencies of social workers needed to provide a quality service in aged care, as well as the expansion of an educational program aimed at developing a gero-rich curriculum which enhances the gerontological competencies of social work students.
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Jolley, Gwyn M., Angela P. Lawless, Fran E. Baum, Catherine J. Hurley, and Denise Fry. "Building an evidence base for community health: a review of the quality of program evaluations." Australian Health Review 31, no. 4 (2007): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah070603.
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An assessment of the quality of program evaluations conducted in South Australian community health services investigated how effective evaluation reporting is in producing an evidence base for community health. Evaluation reports were assessed by a team of reviewers. Practitioner workshops allowed an understanding of the uses of evaluation and what promotes or acts as a barrier to undertaking evaluations. Community health services do undertake a good deal of evaluation. However, reports were not generally explicit in dealing with the principles that underpin community health. Few engaged with program theory or rationale. Typically, reports were of short-term projects with uncertain futures so there may seem little point in considering issues of longterm health outcomes and transferability to other settings. The most important issue from our study is the lack of investment in applied health services research of the sort that will be required to produce the evidence for practice that policy makers desire. The current lack of evidence for community health reflects failure of the system to invest in research and evaluation that is adequately resourced and designed for complex community settings.
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Muirhead-Thomson, R. C. "Advances in Cow Dung Ecology: International Aspects of the Australian Bush Fly Research Programme." Outlook on Agriculture 17, no. 3 (September 1988): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708801700307.
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Intensive research carried out over the last 20 years on the biology and control of the Australian bush fly, Musca vetustisima, a widespread and irritating pest of man in that region, has provided a wealth of information about the community relationships of fauna in the cow dung pats which provide the breeding habitat of the fly. The extension of this project to South Africa and to Southern Spain in the search for exotic dung beetles or allied controlling agents to deal with both the bush fly and the blood-sucking buffalo fly, Haematobia, has given this programme a wider significance.
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Walker, Rae, Sally Mitchell, and Maria Wright. "Inter-Organisational Relationships of Community Health Centres." Australian Journal of Primary Health 3, no. 4 (1997): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py97036.
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It is often argued that community based health organisations ought to have substantial links with other organisations in their local environment in order to provide integrated, accountable clinical and preventive services. This paper reports results from a study of the links forged by staff working in four community health centres in Victoria, Australia. The pattern of links between organisations is described and their functions explored. The perceptions of community health workers and their network partners in the other organisations are compared and the strategies used by the workers to establish and build their links identified. It can be argued that links with external organisations are important in community health practice and are valued by the organisations with which the centres establish links. They have, however, received very little attention within or without the field of community health. They are taken for granted, rarely discussed, and as often inhibited as facilitated by the structures within which community health centres operate. Consequently, a great deal of valuable community health work remains unacknowledged, potentially underdeveloped and undervalued. It has not been made clear how education can best support community health staff in this aspect of their work.
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Birch, Tony. "Climate Change, Mining and Traditional Indigenous Knowledge in Australia." Social Inclusion 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2016): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i1.442.
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Australia, in common with nations globally, faces an immediate and future environmental and economic challenge as an outcome of climate change. Indigenous communities in Australia, some who live a precarious economic and social existence, are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Impacts are already being experienced through dramatic weather events such as floods and bushfires. Other, more gradual changes, such as rising sea levels in the north of Australia, will have long-term negative consequences on communities, including the possibility of forced relocation. Climate change is also a historical phenomenon, and Indigenous communities hold a depth of knowledge of climate change and its impact on local ecologies of benefit to the wider community when policies to deal with an increasingly warmer world are considered. Non-Indigenous society must respect this knowledge and facilitate alliances with Indigenous communities based on a greater recognition of traditional knowledge systems.
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Wilson, Mandy, Jocelyn Jones, Tony Butler, Paul Simpson, Marisa Gilles, Eileen Baldry, Michael Levy, and Elizabeth Sullivan. "Violence in the Lives of Incarcerated Aboriginal Mothers in Western Australia." SAGE Open 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 215824401668681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016686814.
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Drawing on in-depth interviews with incarcerated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers in Western Australia, we report on the women’s use of violence in their relationships with others. Results reinforce that Aboriginal women are overwhelmingly victims of violence; however, many women report also using violence, primarily as a strategy to deal with their own high levels of victimization. The “normalization” of violence in their lives and communities places them at high risk of arrest and incarceration. This is compounded by a widespread distrust of the criminal justice system and associated agencies, and a lack of options for community support.
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Paschen, Jana-Axinja, and Ruth Beilin. "How a risk focus in emergency management can restrict community resilience – a case study from Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16064.
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The research investigated understandings of risk and resilience in emergency management (EM) policy and practice. The core findings illustrate how a complex of institutionalised socio-cultural expectations and standardised processes – that is, evidence-based response models to deal with and communicate uncertainty – influence the operationalisation of resilience in EM. We observe that a focus on disaster risk as a quantifiable product of physical hazards is an attempt to control uncertainty and leads to engineered or technology-centred response solutions. Accordingly, community resilience is principally seen as the product of risk reduction, incident response and recovery interventions. The research shows that resultant command and control management practices produce limited – and limiting – interpretations of community resilience as disaster resilience. This can restrict existing and emergent community responses to risk, and the ability to imagine and enact more systemic types of community resilience. For instance, the short-term disaster focus tends to neglect the social and institutional root causes of community vulnerability and generic risk information is detached from everyday community experience. Using wildfire in Australia as its case study, this paper discusses the social, cultural and practical challenges of operationalising social–ecological resilience in EM.
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Frydenberg, Erica. "The coping strategies used by capable adolescents." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 3 (November 1993): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100002119.
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A picture is emerging of how Australian young people cope with matters which concern them. This paper draws comparisons between how a group of young people who have been identified by their teachers as ‘able’, and those in the general community, deal with their problems. The picture that emerges is one where ‘able’ young people are more focused on working hard and dealing directly with problems rather than engaging in wishful fantasy or giving up in resignation. However they are less likely to engage in intimate relationships with their peers which may be a reflection of their more restricted social development.
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Jonsson, B. F., S. Doney, J. Dunne, and M. L. Bender. "Evaluating Southern Ocean biological production in two ocean biogeochemical models on daily to seasonal timescales using satellite chlorophyll and O<sub>2</sub> / Ar observations." Biogeosciences 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2015): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-681-2015.
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Abstract. We assess the ability of ocean biogeochemical models to represent seasonal structures in biomass and net community production (NCP) in the Southern Ocean. Two models are compared to observations on daily to seasonal timescales in four different sections of the region. We use daily satellite fields of chlorophyll (Chl) as a proxy for biomass and in situ observations of O2 and Ar supersaturation (ΔO2 / Ar) to estimate NCP. ΔO2 / Ar is converted to the flux of biologically generated O2 from sea to air (O2 bioflux). All data are aggregated to a climatological year with a daily resolution. To account for potential regional differences within the Southern Ocean, we conduct separate analyses of sections south of South Africa, around the Drake Passage, south of Australia, and south of New Zealand. We find that the models simulate the upper range of Chl concentrations well, underestimate spring levels significantly, and show differences in skill between early and late parts of the growing season. While there is a great deal of scatter in the bioflux observations in general, the four sectors each have distinct patterns that the models pick up. Neither model exhibits a significant distinction between the Australian and New Zealand sectors and between the Drake Passage and African sectors. South of 60° S, the models fail to predict the observed extent of biological O2 undersaturation. We suggest that this shortcoming may be due either to problems with the ecosystem dynamics or problems with the vertical transport of oxygen.
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Slutske, Wendy S., Madeline H. Meier, Gu Zhu, Dixie J. Statham, Alex Blaszczynski, and Nicholas G. Martin. "The Australian Twin Study of Gambling (OZ-GAM): Rationale, Sample Description, Predictors of Participation, and a First Look at Sources of Individual Differences in Gambling Involvement." Twin Research and Human Genetics 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.12.1.63.
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AbstractTwo major challenges to conducting a community-based twin study of pathological gambling (PG) disorder are that: (a) it is relatively rare, and (b) individuals with the disorder in the community may be difficult to locate and recruit. We describe a new study of 4,764 individuals recruited from the Australian Twin Registry in which we attempt to effectively deal with the first challenge and examine the impact of the second challenge. The lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV PG in this Australian twin sample was 2.2%, which is 400–500% higher than has been obtained in prevalence surveys conducted in the United States. A number of predictors of non-participation were identified, including a lifetime PG disorder diagnosis, but these did not have a large net effect on the estimated number of individuals with PG or related characteristics in the twin sample. Results of biometric modeling suggested that the effect of genetic, shared family environmental, and nonshared environmental influences on the propensity to engage in 11 different specific forms of gambling (e.g., playing the lottery, betting on horse or dog races, playing electronic gaming machines) were generally moderate, low, and moderate, respectively, with mean parameter estimates obtained of 43%, 10%, and 46%. An intriguing comparison with results from a 1963 US adolescent twin study conducted by Loehlin and Nichols (1976) suggests that: (a) propensity genes for gambling involvement may be more likely to be expressed in the heavy-gambling Australian culture, or that (b) the family environment has a transient effect on the gambling behavior of young people.
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Dixon, R. M. W. "A changing language situation: The decline of Dyirbal 1963–1989." Language in Society 20, no. 2 (June 1991): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500016262.
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ABSTRACTDyirbal was probably originally spoken by about 5,000 people across its 10 dialects. In 1963, the northern dialects had just a few speakers (now all dead save one), but two southern dialects had formed a language community with several score speakers, including a number of children. Over the past quarter-century, younger people have switched to English, while among the older ones a new “merged dialect” has developed. The social situations and attitudes of speakers are described, in addition to changing language identifications. The writer has seen Dyirbal contract in lexical and grammatical complexity as it has moved toward an inevitable extinction. (Sociolinguistics, language death, Australian Aboriginal languages, field methods)
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Boughton, Bob. "Popular EducationforAdult LiteracyandHealth DevelopmentinIndigenous Australia." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 38, no. 1 (January 2009): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/s1326011100000648.
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AbstractThe focus of this paper is adult literacy, and the impact this has on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individual and community health. It directs attention to those Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people and adults who have not benefited from the formal school education system, and who, as a consequence, have very low levels of basic English language literacy. Analysing data from a range of sources, I suggest that these people comprise as much as 35% of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adult population nationally, and a much bigger proportion in some communities and regions. Moreover, they are key to improving overall health outcomes in the population as a whole, because they are among the people most at risk. Drawing on research in countries of the global South over recent decades, the paper then suggests that one of the most effective ways to improve health outcomes and foster health development is through a popular mass adult literacy campaign. Popular education is not formal education, of the kind provided by schools, TAFEs and universities. It is “non-formal” education, provided on a mass scale, to people in marginalised and disadvantaged communities, as part of wider social and political movements for equality. The paper concludes that this is the most appropriate form of education to deal with the massive social and economic inequality at the heart of the social determinants of Indigenous health.
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Nurrobikha, Nurrobikha, Novrikasari Novrikasari, Yuanita Windusari, Misnaniarti Misnaniarti, Ikhsan Ikhsan, Andries Lionardo, Azhar Kholiq Affandi, Henni Febriawati, and Pitri Noviadi. "Community Preparedness for Earthquakes Based on Settlement Environment Analysis." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 14, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i2.2022.99-105.
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Introduction: Bengkulu is located on an active collision zone between two tectonic plates, namely the Eurasian Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. As the result, earthquakes, floods, landslides, and tidal waves are common in Bengkulu. Sepang Bay is part of Bengkulu Province adjacent to the ocean, making it vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis. This study aims to examine the relationship between the residential environment and natural disaster preparedness in Sepang Bay, Bengkulu Regency. Methods: The type of research used is analytical observation with cross-sectional design. Data are collected from interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentation from a total of 100 respondents selected by proportional random selection from each neighborhood in Sepang Bay Village, based on the proportion of heads of family in each neighborhood. Results and Discussion: When an earthquake occurs, there is a relationship between the residential environment and the community’s preparedness. As the existing supporting infrastructure is not properly utilized, people who live in substandard settlements do not have adequate equipment to deal with seismic disasters. When an earthquake occurs, there is a relationship between the settlement environment and the community’s preparedness. Because the existing supporting infrastructure is not being used properly, people who live in poor settlements have poor preparedness as well. Conclusion: The Sepang Bay Village Community, Bengkulu, which is located along the Panjang Beach, found a relationship between the settlement environment and earthquake preparedness (p = 0.021, PR 2.127).
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Lowe, Kelsey M., and Eric Law. "Location of historic mass graves from the 1919 Spanish Influenza in the Aboriginal community of Cherbourg using geophysics." Queensland Archaeological Research 25 (June 16, 2022): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.25.2022.3890.
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The Spanish Influenza of 1919 had a devastating effect on Aboriginal Australian communities, particularly Cherbourg (formerly known as Barambah Aboriginal Reserve), which resulted in a loss of ~15% of their population. Deaths happened so quickly that coffins were not built and, in some cases, trenches or mass graves were used to inter the dead in addition to individual graves. Although the trench locations were formally unknown by the Cherbourg community today, a major concern of the Cherbourg Elders is that they wanted to memorialise those affected by the 1919 pandemic, especially 100 years later. One attempt to locate the mass graves was to apply geophysical methods in the New and Old Cherbourg cemeteries to detect these unmarked burials. Our paper demonstrates how ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetic gradiometry were used along with oral histories and Indigenous knowledge to detect three mass graves associated with the Spanish Influenza. Outcomes such as this play an important role is supporting ‘Truth Telling’ for the Cherbourg Aboriginal community.