Journal articles on the topic 'Australian Chinese influences'
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Li-Wey Soh, Nerissa, Stephen Touyz, Timothy A. Dobbins, Lois J. Surgenor, Simon Clarke, Michael R. Kohn, Ee Lian Lee, et al. "Restraint and Eating Concern in North European and East Asian Women with and without Eating Disorders in Australia and Singapore." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 6 (June 2007): 536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701332318.
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Objective: To investigate eating disorder psychopathology, restraint and eating concern in young women with and without an eating disorder from two different ethnic groups in Australia and Singapore. Method: The relationship of Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Global, Restraint and Eating Concern scores to cultural orientation and sociocultural factors was analysed in 154 women with and without an eating disorder. Participants were from the following backgrounds: North European Australian, East Asian Australian, Singaporean Chinese and North European expatriates in Singapore. Results: Women with eating disorders had similar psychopathology across the cultural groups. Among controls, Singaporean Chinese reported significantly greater overall eating disorder psychopathology than other cultural groups and greater restraint than North European Australians/expatriates. Eating concern was not associated with cultural group overall or acculturation to Western culture. Dissatisfaction with family functioning, socioeconomic status and education level were not significantly associated with any of the eating disorder measures. Conclusion: In eating disorder psychopathology, the specific symptom of eating concern may transcend cultural influences.
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Manderson, Desmond. "Trends and Influences in the History of Australian Drug Legislation." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200304.
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In this article the author briefly traces some features in the emergence in Australia of legislation controlling “dangerous drugs” such as opium, morphine, cocaine and heroin from 1900 to 1950. It is argued that, in common with other similar countries, the first laws prohibiting the non-medical use of drugs were enacted as a symptom of anti-Chinese racism and not out of any concern for the health of users. It is further argued that later laws, which built upon that precedent, developed not through any independent assessment of the drug problem in Australia but rather in response to pressure from the international community. Australia's unthinking acceptance of the growing U.S.-led international consensus relating to “dangerous drugs” influenced legislation, policy and attitudes to illicit drug use. The structure of drug control which emerged incorporated and promoted the fears, values and solutions of other societies without any assessment of their validity or appropriateness.
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Dai, Qian, Catherine McMahon, and Ai Keow Lim. "Cross-cultural comparison of maternal mind-mindedness among Australian and Chinese mothers." International Journal of Behavioral Development 44, no. 4 (September 8, 2019): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025419874133.
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Evidence suggests that parental mind-mindedness is important for children’s social-emotional development; however, almost all research exploring mind-mindedness has been conducted with families from Western backgrounds. The current study explored cross-cultural differences in mind-mindedness based on observed real-time interactions between urban Australian ( N = 50, M age = 30.34 years, SD = 3.14) and urban mainland Chinese ( N = 50, M age = 29.18 years, SD = 4.14) mothers and their toddlers (Australian: M age = 18.98 months, SD = 0.87; Chinese: M age = 18.50 months, SD = 2.25). Controlling for education, the Australian mothers used a higher proportion of appropriate mind-related comments and were less likely to use non-attuned mind-related comments than their Chinese counterparts, adjusting for total number of comments. Transcript analysis showed that the Australian mothers used more mental state terms referring to desires and preferences than Chinese mothers. Findings are discussed in relation to cultural influences in child-rearing goals, beliefs, and values and the need for cross-cultural validation of the mind-mindedness construct.
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Huang, Yue, Gang Wang, Dominic Rowe, Ying Wang, John B. J. Kwok, Qin Xiao, Frank Mastaglia, Jun Liu, Sheng-Di Chen, and Glenda Halliday. "SNCAGene, but NotMAPT, Influences Onset Age of Parkinson’s Disease in Chinese and Australians." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/135674.
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Background.α-Synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) are the two major genes independently, but not jointly, associated with susceptibility for Parkinson’s disease (PD). TheSNCAgene has recently been identified as a major modifier of age of PD onset. WhetherMAPTgene synergistically influences age of onset of PD is unknown.Objective. To investigate independent and joint effects ofMAPTandSNCAon PD onset age.Methods. 412 patients with PD were recruited from the Australian PD Research Network (123) and the Neurology Department, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (289).MAPT(rs17650901) tagging H1/H2 haplotype andSNCA(Rep1) were genotyped in the Australian cohort, andMAPT(rs242557, rs3744456) andSNCA(rs11931074, rs894278) were genotyped in the Chinese cohort. SPSS regression analysis was used to test genetic effects on age at onset of PD in each cohort.Results.SNCApolymorphisms associated with the onset age of PD in both populations.MAPTpolymorphisms did not enhance such association in either entire cohort.Conclusion. This study suggests that, in both ethnic groups,SNCAgene variants influence the age at onset of PD andα-synuclein plays a key role in the disease course of PD.
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Han, Yu, Xiaoyan Ji, and Jinghe Han. "Transformation of Chinese as a Foreign Language Teachers’ Relationship with Their Students in the Australian Context." International Journal of Contemporary Education 2, no. 2 (July 21, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijce.v2i2.4393.
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This study explores the transformation of teacher–student relationship between expatriate Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) teachers and their students situating in the Australian educational context. The disparity of tradition between the two educational cultures influences substantially on communication between teachers and students within classroom. To better understand how CFL teachers’ background educational culture may impact their interaction with Australian students, focus group discussion data were applied as the data collection method. Findings reveal that at the beginning of their teaching practice CFL teachers’ understanding of teacher–student relationship influenced by their background educational culture had major impact on their strategies in teacher–student interaction in class. However, with the progress of teaching and meantime influenced by the Australian local educational culture, their behaviors for dealing with teacher–student relationship in class changed. Basically, their ways of handling teacher–student relationship transformed from a more Eastern guanxi tendency to a more Western rapport tendency. This transformation did not occur automatically and easily; it was achieved by the CFL teachers’ struggles and tribulations in the process of interacting with their Australian students. In an era of CFL teacher shortage, it is hoped that this study would shed some light on CFL teacher education.
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Zeng, Yueying. "Analysing Teacher Knowledge for Technology Use among Secondary Teachers Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) in Australia." Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jct.v11n2p15.
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Technology has normalised education and promoted teaching and learning activities. However, not all teachers effectively integrate technology into their instruction. Prior studies indicate that teacher knowledge impacts such integration. This study examines technology use among teachers teaching Chinese as a foreign language in Australian secondary schools. Specially, it investigates (a) what teacher knowledge affects technology, (b) how CFL perceive their knowledge, and (c) how to effectively develop teacher knowledge. The findings suggest that technological knowledge (TK) strongly influences CFL instructors’ technology use, and these instructors were more confident in their non-technological knowledge than their technology-related knowledge. The finding regarding relationships between knowledge constructs should shed light on knowledge development for teacher education. Hence, this study contributes to teacher training in Australian secondary schools.
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Chen, Li, and John Ryan. "Abalone in Diasporic Chinese Culture: The Transformation of Biocultural Traditions through Engagement with the Western Australian Environment." Heritage 1, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage1010009.
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In October 2017, the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development of Western Australia (WA) promulgated a new regulation on recreational abalone harvesting. A notable change was that, from 2017 on, the annual fishing season in the West Coast Zone was reduced to four days, from every December on Saturdays only. During the last decade, WA’s abalone fishing regulations have been overhauled frequently because of depleting local stocks. Worldwide, the marine heatwave resulting from climate change and illegal overfishing are considered the two principal reasons for abalone’s decline. Today, the highly lucrative abalone market has attracted more participants in recreational fishing in Perth, WA. Based on Asian natural heritage traditions and employing a multispecies sensory ethnographic methodology, this article provides an in-depth case study of the interaction between the local Chinese diaspora and the environment as represented in abalone harvesting practices. Between 2014 and 2016, the authors conducted one-on-one and focus group interviews with Chinese immigrants to Perth, WA, and also participated in abalone harvesting. The analysis reveals a suite of environmental influences on local Chinese diasporic life through heterogeneous forms of interaction between abalone and Perth-area Chinese immigrants.
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PARKER, GORDON, BIBIANA CHAN, LUCY TULLY, and MAURICE EISENBRUCH. "Depression in the Chinese: the impact of acculturation." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 10 (July 22, 2005): 1475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705005623.
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Background. Studies of depression in the Chinese have long identified low rates and a greater likelihood of somatization, findings which could reflect cultural influences or real differences. We report a study from a western region examining the impact of acculturation on depression to clarify the role of cultural factors.Method. In a Sydney-based study, Chinese subjects (n=385) and a matched control group of 143 non-Chinese subjects completed either a Chinese or English questionnaire assessing state and lifetime depression, attributional style, depression recognition and help-seeking. The impact of acculturation was examined by several strategies.Results. Any tendency by the Chinese to somatize depression appeared to be attenuated by acculturation. State depression levels countered the view that Chinese necessarily deny depression. Lifetime depression rate differences were also attenuated by acculturation, with Chinese subjects being less likely than controls to judge episodes as a distinct disorder and to seek professional help.Conclusions. Results suggest that Australian Chinese do not differ intrinsically in recognizing and ascribing depressive symptoms, and that the greater the degree of acculturation, the greater the tendency for reporting persistent and impairing depressive episodes.
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Martin, Lee, Bo Shao, and David C. Thomas. "The Role of Early Immersive Culture Mixing in Cultural Identifications of Multiculturals." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 508–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022119830522.
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Becoming multicultural through early immersive culture mixing (EICM)—i.e., growing up with a mix of cultures that coexist and interact to form an emergent hybrid culture within one’s home—is a rapidly rising phenomenon in many parts of the world. This phenomenon calls for new research that recognizes the possibility of identification with a hybrid culture as well as the distinct cultures from which the hybrid culture derives. This article extends previous research into psychological variation among multiculturals based on the process of EICM, by investigating how EICM influences hybrid cultural identification and distinct cultural identification. In addition, we examine how EICM relates to the components of identity integration—blendedness and harmony. Across two studies of Chinese-Australian multiculturals, we found that whereas EICM was positively associated with multicultural participants’ identification with a hybrid culture and Australian culture, it was not related to their identification with Chinese culture. Findings also indicated that EICM positively predicted identity blendedness, but EICM did not show a clear link with identity harmony. We discuss the implications of our research for advancing EICM theory and helping to forge new research directions in cultural identification.
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Majeed, Salman, Zhimin Zhou, and Haywantee Ramkissoon. "Beauty and Elegance: Value Co-Creation in Cosmetic Surgery Tourism." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402093253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020932538.
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This study presents an emerging trend in medical tourism, cosmetic surgery tourism (CST). We explore tourists’ perceptions of CST for medical service quality as an antecedent to tourists’ emotional attachment, trust, and intentions to visit, which is underexplored in CST. This study examines the mediating role of value co-creation in influencing behaviors of CST-seeking tourists to experience a better quality of life. Using a sample drawn from 279 tourists, comprised of Australian, Japanese, and Chinese nationalities at two international airports in China, findings show that perceived medical service quality positively influences tourists’ emotional attachment, trust, and intentions to visit directly and through the mediating role of value co-creation across the three nationalities. CST-seeking tourists’ inputs in value co-creation may positively influence their behaviors, which are vital antecedents to promoting CST business. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Muslim, Ahmad Bukhori, and Jillian R. Brown. "NAVIGATING BETWEEN ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS IDENTITY: HERITAGE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AMONG YOUNG AUSTRALIANS OF INDONESIAN ORIGIN." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 6, no. 1 (July 29, 2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v6i1.2747.
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<p>For ethnic minority groups, speaking a heritage language signifies belonging to their country of origin and enriches the dominant culture. The acculturation of major ethnic groups in Australia – Greek, Italian, Chinese, Indian and Vietnamese – has been frequently studied, but a minor one like Indonesian has not. Through semi-structured interviews at various places and observations at cultural events, the study explores the contextual use, meaning and perceived benefits of Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian language) among Indonesian families and how this practice influences the young participants’ (18-26 years old) identification with Indonesia, the origin country of their parents, and Australia, their current culture of settlement. The findings suggest that Bahasa Indonesia serves as a marker of ethnic and religious identity glued in family socialization. Parents believe that not only does the language signify their Indonesian ethnic identity, but also provides a means for socializing family values, and is beneficial for educational purposes and future career opportunities. However, parents face a dilemma whether to focus on ethnic or religious identity in socializing the use of Bahasa Indonesia. Interestingly, most young participants demonstrate a more global worldview by embracing both Indonesian and Australian values. How religious identity relates to more global worldview should be addressed more comprehensively in future studies.</p>
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Wang, Ou, Simon Somogyi, and Richard Ablett. "The influences of quality attributes and socio-demographics on Chinese consumers' general and online consumptions of Canadian, US and Australian lobsters." British Food Journal 123, no. 7 (March 18, 2021): 2289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2020-1101.
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PurposeThis study explores the influence of quality attributes and socio-demographics on Chinese consumers' general and online consumption of three origin-specific lobsters: Canadian, United States and Australian.Design/methodology/approachA web-based survey was administrated to 981 consumers from two cities in China: Shanghai and Qingdao. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were used in the data analysis.FindingsChinese consumers were more willing to pay for the lobster quality attributes vitality, meat content, texture, size and safety. Their general and online consumption of three origin-specific lobsters is significantly linked to the following quality attributes and socio-demographics: meat content, size, shell hardness, texture, safety, nutrition, age, income, education, occupation, residential place and marital status.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explore the influence of quality attributes and socio-demographics on consumers' online consumption of luxury seafood.
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Gao, Jia. "Chinese Australians Face a Foreign Influence Panic." Current History 117, no. 800 (September 1, 2018): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2018.117.800.229.
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GOLDSMITH, BENJAMIN E., and MATTHEW LINLEY. "Engaged or Not? Perceptions of Australian Influence among Asian Publics." Japanese Journal of Political Science 13, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 525–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109912000254.
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AbstractDespite Australia's increasing economic ties with Asia, little is known about how it is perceived by the typical citizen in the region. This paper seeks to contribute to the Australian discussion on ‘Asian engagement’, as well as to a general understanding of the structure of foreign policy beliefs, by examining perceptions of Australia's influence among the mass publics of 14 Asian polities. Despite some anxiety in Australia on national op-ed pages and among political leaders over how the country is perceived, we find that the average person in Asia probably does not have a strong or meaningful opinion about Australia's foreign policy. Using survey data covering the years 2006 through 2008 from the AsiaBarometer project, we find that, on average, far more people view Australia's influence on their country favorably (40.5%) than view it unfavorably (6.1%). A similar percentage (41.5%), however, have neutral views of Australia's influence, and 12% of people in Asian nations express no opinion on the topic. We suggest these high frequencies of neutral perceptions and non-response are evidence of considerable indifference towards Australia. Furthermore, we investigate the correlates of perceptions of Australia's influence and find that in almost all cases citizens’ views about US and Chinese influence on their country are much better predictors of their views of Australia's influence than core values, identity, information, and demographic characteristics. We posit that opinions about Australia, even those that are favorable, may have less to do with perceptions of Australia specifically, and more to do with respondents’ general internationalist sentiment or perceptions of major powers.
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Gardner, Nathan Daniel. "All as One to One for All." Journal of Chinese Overseas 18, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341454.
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Abstract The recent racism toward Chinese Australians arising from the COVID-19 pandemic recalls the shape and scale of racism last seen during the “Hanson debate” of the late 1990s – so-named for the anti-Asian immigration and anti-multicultural positions Pauline Hanson advanced in Australian politics and society. Further linking these two moments are the responses to racism coming from Chinese Australian individuals and community organizations. In each period, the different backgrounds of various Chinese Australian communities and their representative organizations influenced their modes of responding to racism. Over the years, however, the prominence of a small number of “community leaders” and organizations responding to racism has increasingly eclipsed grassroots responses to racism. I argue that this shift represents a “professionalization” of Chinese Australian responses to racism; partly explaining the form that present responses take, while also problematizing the relationship between the “community representatives” and the “communities being represented.”
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Nelson, Kim, and Amie Louise Matthews. "Foreign presents or foreign presence? Resident perceptions of Australian and Chinese tourists in Niseko, Japan." Tourist Studies 18, no. 2 (July 11, 2017): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797617717466.
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Over the past decade Niseko, a small ski resort in Japan, has experienced rapid growth in international tourism. Informed by a small-scale qualitative study, this article provides an account of Niseko residents’ perceptions of tourism and, more specifically, compares their responses to two key groups of inbound tourists, those from Australia and China. Where increases in the number of Australian tourists and tourism business owners have had significant influence on this previously homogeneous town, the reaction of residents to Australians is generally more positive than the response reserved for the more recent arrival of Chinese tourists. Although the former group is associated with increased living costs, leakage of profits and inappropriate behaviour, Australians were generally characterised by research participants as ‘friendly’ and ‘relaxed’ and relations were typically described as ‘harmonious’. Conversely, Chinese tourists were viewed by residents as being pushy and demanding, and these host–guest interactions were described as ‘difficult’. Drawing on Japanese notions of hospitality and residents’ discussions of cultural difference, this article explores the different reactions engendered by foreign presence, pointing as it does so to the ambivalence and contingency that underpins many host–guest relationships.
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O’Reilly, Rachel A., Liselotte Pannier, Graham E. Gardner, Andrea J. Garmyn, Hailing Luo, Qingxiang Meng, Markus F. Miller, and David W. Pethick. "Influence of Demographic Factors on Sheepmeat Sensory Scores of American, Australian and Chinese Consumers." Foods 9, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040529.
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Along with animal production factors, it is important to understand whether demographic factors influence untrained consumer perceptions of eating quality. This study examined the impact of demographic factors and sheepmeat consumption preferences on eating quality scores of American, Australian and Chinese untrained consumers. M. longissimus lumborum (LL) and m. semimembranosus (SM) were grilled according to sheep Meat Standards Australia protocols and evaluated by 2160 consumers for tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall liking. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyse the impact of demographic factors and sheepmeat consumption habits on eating quality scores. Consumer age, gender, number of adults in a household and income had the strongest effect on sensory scores (P ≤ 0.05), although, the impact was often different across countries. Frequency of lamb consumption had an impact on sensory scores of American, Australian and Chinese consumers but larger sample sizes in some underrepresented subclasses for Australian and Chinese consumers are needed. Results suggest it is important to balance sensory panels for demographic factors of age, gender, number of adults and income to ensure sensory preferences are accurately represented for these particular populations.
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Varatharajan, Prithvi. "A Political Radio Poetics: Ouyang Yu’s Poetry and its Adaptation on ABC Radio National’s Poetica." Cultural Studies Review 23, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/csr.v23i2.5050.
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‘Ouyang Yu’ was an episode that aired on ABC Radio National’s 'Poetica', a weekly program broadcast across Australia from 1997 to 2014. The episode featured readings of poetry by the contemporary Chinese-Australian poet Ouyang Yu, read by the poet and by the actor Brant Eustace. These readings were embedded in rich soundscapes, and framed by interviews with the poet on the thematic contexts for the poems. In this article I treat ‘Ouyang Yu’ as an adaptation of Ouyang’s work, in Linda Hutcheon’s sense of the term. I examine how Ouyang’s poetry has been adapted for a national audience, and pay particular attention to how contemporary political discourses of nationhood have influenced the episode’s adaptations. For Poetica existed within an institution—the ABC—whose culture had a bearing on its programming, and the ABC was in turn influenced by, and sought to influence, the wider social and political culture in Australia.
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Nyland, Chris, Elizabeth Ann Maharaj, and Anne O'Rourke. "Australia/US/China Preferential Trade Negotiations: Building Alliances and Realizing Workers' Rights to a `Voice at the Table'." Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 5 (November 2007): 647–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185607082213.
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When the Australian and Chinese governments announced their intention to negotiate a bilateral trade agreement this news generated apprehension among employee bodies. This was because many workers believe China's competitiveness is underpinned by its government's refusal to allow China's workers to realize basic labour rights and because Australian labour and the wider community has been unable to participate in the debate surrounding the proposed agreement. The latter concern is the focus of this article. We accept organized labour has a right to `sit at the table' when trade policy is being determined and that the union movement needs to forge effective alliances if it is to achieve this goal. To assist this process we draw on submissions generated by the United States—Australia (AUSFTA) and Australia—China (ACFTA) trade agreements to argue that Australian unions and civil society groupings can influence the outcome of bilateral trade negotiations and in so doing offer suggestions regarding the issues likely to be most conducive to alliance building.
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_, _. "Ethnic Identity and Immigrant Organizations." Journal of Chinese Overseas 14, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 22–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341366.
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Abstract The identities of Chinese immigrants and their organizations are themes widely studied in existing literature but the link between them remains under-researched. This paper seeks to explore the role of Chinese ethnicity in Chinese immigrants’ self-organizing processes by empirically studying Chinese community organizations in South Australia. It finds that Chinese immigrants have deployed ethnic identities together with other social identities to call different organizations into being, which exerts an important influence on the emergence and performance of the five major types of Chinese community organizations active in South Australia. Moreover, the ways in which Chineseness is deployed have been heavily influenced by three factors within and beyond the community. These factors are the transformation of the local ethnic-Chinese community, changing socio-political contexts in Australia, and the rise of China. In short, the deployment of ethnic identities in Chinese immigrants’ organizing processes is instrumental, contextual, and strategic.
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Muir, Tracey, Isabel Wang, Allison Trimble, Casey Mainsbridge, and Tracy Douglas. "Using Interactive Online Pedagogical Approaches to Promote Student Engagement." Education Sciences 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12060415.
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The COVID-19 outbreak in late 2019 required a complete shift to online learning across all educational institutions, including universities. The rapid transition to online learning globally meant that many educators were suddenly tasked with adapting their classroom-based pedagogy to the online space. While this was undoubtedly challenging for teachers and students, it also opened up possibilities for reimagining the delivery of content, along with creating increased access for students who had barriers for studying remotely before the impact of COVID-19. The study discussed in this paper examines the experiences of students studying at a regional Australian university that already offered online courses, and whose instructors were already using a diverse range of online delivery tools. Specifically, the study sought to investigate how instructors used interactive strategies to promote student engagement, and how the interaction between learner and content influences student engagement. With research showing that online students typically have higher attrition rates than their on-campus counterparts, engagement has been identified as an important factor in online learning. Online interaction in particular is considered to be instrumental in influencing student engagement and positively impacting student satisfaction, persistence, and academic performance. Data collected from interviews conducted with two different cohorts of students, studying two different courses (mathematics education and Chinese language) at the same university, demonstrated ways instructors utilised interactive online pedagogies to engage students with potentially challenging course content. The study has implications for online educators who are looking for ways to adapt their on-campus courses to online delivery, with a focus on engaging and maintaining online students’ interest and ongoing participation in their courses.
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Sun, Lu, and Xingzhuang Zhao. "Coupled Dynamics of Vehicle-Bridge Interaction System Using High Efficiency Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (August 10, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1964200.
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Vehicle-bridge interaction is the core for a variety of applications, including vehicle vibration, bridge vibration, bridge structural health monitoring, weight-in-motion, bridge condition inspection, and load rating. These applications give rise to a great interest in pursuing a high-efficiency method that can tackle intensive computation in the context of vehicle-bridge interaction. This paper studies the accuracy and efficiency of discretizing the beam in space as lumped masses using the flexibility method and as finite elements using the stiffness method. Computational complexity analysis is carried out along with a numerical case study to compare the accuracy and efficiency of both methods against the analytical solutions. It is found that both methods result in a similar level of accuracy, but the flexibility method overperforms the stiffness method in terms of computational efficiency. This high efficiency algorithm and corresponding discretization schema are applied to study the dynamics of vehicle-bridge interaction. A system of coupled equations is solved directly for a simply supported single-span bridge and a four-degree-of-freedom vehicle modeling. Pavement roughness significantly influences dynamic load coefficient, suggesting preventative maintenance or timely maintenance of pavement surface on a bridge, to reduce pavement roughness, is of significant importance for bridge’s longevity and life-cycle cost benefit. For class A and B level pavement roughness, the dynamic load coefficient is simulated within 2.0, compatible with specifications of AASHTO standard, Australian standard, and Switzerland standard. However, the Chinese code underestimates the dynamic load coefficient for a bridge with a fundamental frequency of around 4 Hz. The proposed method is applicable to different types of bridges as well as train-bridge interaction.
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Shcherbunov, Vladimir O. "MILITARY-POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN AUSTRALIA AND THE UNITED STATES AMID THE GROWING INFLUENCE OF CHINA IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 4 (2021): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-4-32-46.
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This article aims to analyze the political-military relations between the Australian Union (AU) and the United States since the mid-2010s, considering their historical continuity, and taking into account the deteriorating relations between Australia and China in 2020–2021. The growing tensions between the two countries and China, which followed the failed “policy of engagement”, have been unfolding largely due to Beijing’s activities in the Asia-Pacific since the mid-2010s, which Australia and the United States began to perceive as a threat to the liberal world order they were promoting (the “rule-based order”). The author concludes that in 2016–2021, despite the deep economic ties between the three countries and the uncertainty after the election of President D. Trump, the military-political relations between the US and Australia continued to strengthen, taking an anti-Chinese orientation, with an emphasis on the multilateral formats as part of implementing the American global strategy
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Flowers, James. "Chinese-Medicine Doctors Healing Australians: On the Frontline of Healthcare from the Colonial Period to the Twenty-First Century." Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 16, no. 1 (April 7, 2022): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-16010005.
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Abstract This article traces Chinese-medicine doctors as an occupational group that played a key role in colonial Australian healthcare. The current narrative of recent history mostly credits prc migrants, beginning from the 1990s and the prc state in the 2000s, with the field’s achievement of professional registration. This established view is shortsighted and distorts the past. Rather, Chinese medicine traveled to Australia with Chinese migrants since the mid-nineteenth century; they brought with them sophisticated business acumen along with medical expertise, as seen in commercialized raw and patent medicines brought from a highly developed pharmaceutical industry in mainland China and Hong Kong. They were competitive with Western-trained doctors, as seen in court documents as well as in newspaper advertisements of the time, and established their status through lineage connections and acupuncture associations before any influence from the prc.
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Rostami, Ali, and Chike F. Oduoza. "Key risks in construction projects in Italy: contractors’ perspective." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 3 (May 15, 2017): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2015-0142.
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Purpose Risks play an important role in the success of construction projects. Failure in identification and assessment of risks can lead to inadequacy in the process of managing risks, which in turn can critically affect the projects’ resources. A formal risk management is rarely practised in construction projects due to the lack of contractors’ awareness of key risks. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the investigation of risk factors in construction projects in Italy from contractors’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, based on which a total of ten key risks were ascertained. The identified risks were compared with the findings of the surveys conducted in the Australian and Chinese construction industry to address the unique risks associated with construction projects in Italy. Findings The key risks included delays in payments, client variations, design variations, inaccurate cost estimates, and tight project schedules. The comparison between those three countries specified the delays in payments and project funding problems as the most critical factors that are related to cultural influences and behaviour of clients. The findings assist contractors in the risk identification process, and can be applied to the development of a risk management framework for construction projects. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study cannot be generalised statistically for the whole of Italy as it was constrained geographically, with respondents drawn only from a self-selection sample of construction projects in the Veneto region of Northern Italy. The findings represent a snapshot of the key potential internal and external risks from the perspective of contractors. Originality/value The results of the study specified the key risks of construction projects from the perspective of contractors which can contribute to risk management for construction projects.
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LIN, XIAOPING, CHRISTINA BRYANT, JENNIFER BOLDERO, and BRIONY DOW. "Older people's relationships with their adult children in multicultural Australia: a comparison of Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants." Ageing and Society 37, no. 10 (August 30, 2016): 2103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16000829.
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ABSTRACTAgainst the background of population ageing and increasing cultural diversity in many Western countries, the study examined differences and similarities between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants in their relationships with adult children. The specific research questions were: (a) are there differences between these groups in the nature of parent–child relationships; and (b) if there were differences, did these differences reflect the Confucian concept of filial piety among older Chinese immigrants. The solidarity–conflict model and the concept of ambivalence were used to quantify parent–child relationships. Data from 122 community-dwelling people aged 65 and over (60 Australian-born and 62 Chinese-born people) were collected using standardised interviews. There were significant differences between the two groups for all relationship dimensions except associative solidarity. Compared to Australian participants, Chinese participants were more likely to live with their children. However, when they did not live with their children, they lived further away. They were also more likely to receive, but less likely to provide, instrumental help. Finally, they reported higher levels of normative solidarity, conflict and ambivalence, and lower levels of affectual and consensual solidarity. The differences in solidarity dimensions persisted when socio-demographic variables were controlled for. The study revealed complex differences in the nature of older parent–child relationships between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants. Some of these differences, such as more prevalent multigenerational living among older Chinese immigrants, likely reflect the strong influence of filial piety among this group. However, differences in other dimensions, such as lower levels of consensual solidarity, might be associated with the Chinese participants’ experience as immigrants. This study also highlights the usefulness of the solidarity–conflict model as a theoretical framework to understand the nature of parent–child relationships among older Chinese immigrants.
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JENSEN, MICHAEL J., and TITUS C. CHEN. "Illiberal Media in a Liberal Democracy: Examining Identity in Australia’s Mandarin Language News." Issues & Studies 57, no. 02 (June 2021): 2150005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251121500053.
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The regime of censorship in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) extends beyond its borders through the extraterritorial application of its media regulations to popular social media platforms like WeChat. This research investigates the effects of the PRC’s extraterritorial control of online content on the identity narratives and norms communicated by comparing Australia’s Special Broadcast Service (SBS) Mandarin language news and the news targeting Australian audiences published on popular WeChat Official Accounts (OAs). We find significant differences in the news content between these two platforms: SBS provides more political content and a focus on political and cultural integration, while WeChat pages tend to avoid political topics that are not otherwise press releases from the PRC and they encourage strong cultural ties with Mainland China. Finally, SBS tends to both inform and cultivate democratic political identities and identification with the Australian political system, whereas WeChat tends to differentiate the Chinese diaspora from the wider Australian community. We situate these findings within a wider understanding of PRC’s national security strategies and doctrine. Whether by requirement or practice, not only the WeChat OAs in Australia implement PRC’s communication controls, but the content on these pages also challenges the liberal democratic practices and norms and supports foreign influence and espionage in Australia.
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Baird, Jeanette. "University Governance for the Longer-Term." International Journal of Chinese Education 4, no. 1 (August 19, 2015): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340047.
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Corporate governance models are becoming more prevalent in many universities, despite concerns over the effects of corporate practices on the identity of universities as a unique institutional field. In Westminster university systems, governance practices have become highly professionalized along corporate lines, not least to ensure a good fit with the necessary regulatory regimes for a marketized university system. Examples of Australian practices are provided to illustrate the governance dynamics, as both Western and Chinese corporate governance practices will affect the culture of Chinese universities, despite the continuance of deeply-inscribed State influence. Professionalization of governance in Australia has brought benefits but also generated some ‘blind spots’ to sustaining the longer-term features of successful universities. Stronger academic governance could provide a counterweight, yet the relationship between corporate governance and academic governance is not yet as well-defined as it needs to become.
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McColl, Rod, Irena Descubes, and Mohammad Elahee. "How the Chinese really negotiate: observations from an Australian-Chinese trade negotiation." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 6 (November 20, 2017): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-09-2016-0110.
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Purpose Previous research suggests that negotiation style and conflict management strategies are influenced heavily by cultural factors. In the case of the Chinese, findings have largely produced stereotypical views about their behavior, but the authors argue that this position is becoming increasingly blurred in the global economy. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using participant observation during negotiations of a free-trade agreement between China and Australia followed by in-depth interviews with Chinese delegates. Findings Consistent with Confucianism and a Taoism-based value system, there was evidence of strong cultural influence on conflict management approaches. Two a priori Chinese strategies were evident – avoidance and accommodating, with five tactics. However, contrary to previous research, the authors found use of two conflict management strategies normally associated with a western approach – competing and compromising, with five associated tactics. Practical implications Chinese negotiators are knowledgeable and capable of adopting western negotiation strategies and tactics. The authors advise managers involved in international negotiations with Chinese managers to be cautious when relying on historical stereotypical assessments and to think differently about the emerging Chinese negotiator. Originality/value Few published negotiation studies involve real negotiations based on actual observations, particularly in an international setting. Contrary to many published studies, we demonstrate that conflict management approaches used by Chinese negotiators have evolved into a blend of traditional Chinese and western styles.
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Wong, Audrye. "PEDDLING OR PERSUADING: CHINA'S ECONOMIC STATECRAFT IN AUSTRALIA." Journal of East Asian Studies 21, no. 2 (July 2021): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2021.19.
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AbstractWith the globalization of Chinese capital, economic statecraft has become an increasingly prominent component of China's foreign policy. In this article, I examine China's use of economic inducements in developed democracies, a topic of growing concern for policymakers, focusing on the case of Australia. I show how Beijing's attempts to coopt public voices and influence Australia's foreign policy using non-transparent political donations and academic funding generated a strong backlash. At the same time, economic interdependence has provided a buffering effect, with key domestic actors in Australia advocating for cooperative relations, although this effect can in turn be limited by Beijing's coercive economic tactics. My findings underline the reputational costs of certain approaches to economic statecraft, the value of building supportive coalitions, and the challenges faced by China's authoritarian state capitalist model. They also highlight the impacts of globalized Chinese capital in developed democracies, including the resilience and vulnerabilities inherent in democratic political processes.
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Jakubowicz, Andrew. "Playing the triangle: Cosmopolitanism, Cultural Capital and Social Capital as intersecting scholarly discourses about social inclusion and marginalisation in Australian public policy debates." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 3 (November 29, 2011): 68–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v3i3.2215.
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A constant challenge for scholarly research relates to its impact on and integration into public policy. Where the policy issues are ‘wicked’, as are those concerning intercultural relations and social cohesion, social science research often becomes implicated in real-world problem solving which occurs within everyday political manoeuvring. This paper takes three empirical problems, and three conceptual approaches, and explores what happens when they are pressed together. In particular the paper explores how together they can enhance the social value of the concept of ‘social inclusion’. Cosmopolitanism has a myriad of possible definitions, but is perhaps best addressed in anthropological fashion, by trying to capture the space formed by its presumptive antagonists: nationalism, prejudice, localism, parochialism, and ‘rootedness’ (as in ‘rootless cosmopolitan’). Cultural capital, as developed by Bourdieu, concerns a disposition of mind and body that empowers members of those particular groups that have the resource in socially–approved abundance to operate the cultural apparatus of a society and therefore the power system, to their mutual and individual benefit. Social capital, removed of the vestiges of Marxist class analysis that lurk in Bourdieu’s explorations of education and social power, harks back to another sociological forebear. Emile Durkheim, whose vision of modernity as a constantly incipient catastrophe that could only be held off by a reinvigoration of collective consciousness, has influenced through the Talcott Parsons school of social systemics Robert Putnam (and Australian politician and academic Andrew Leigh’s) focus on ‘bonding’ and ‘bridging’ social capital. Having examined these concepts the paper applies them sequentially to three cases of state/civil society relations, through the February 2011 People of Australia multiculturalism policy, the place of young Muslims in Australian society, and the place of Chinese Australians in the Australian polity. Finally it is argued that the concepts are most useful when they are applied to analyses that reveal rather than conceal hierarchies of social, cultural, economic and political power, through an examination of the possibilities of democratic inclusion.
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Hu (胡博林), Bolin. "Reporting China." Journal of Chinese Overseas 17, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 84–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341435.
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Abstract This article explores how Chinese-language newspapers in Australia reported on China in the period 1931–37. These newspapers made efforts to build support for the Sino-Japanese war and influence Chinese residents in Australia. However, they offered contrasting views of the Chinese government ruled by the Kuomintang. The Tung Wah Times, along with the Chinese World’s News, continued to publish anti-Chiang Kai-shek propaganda, arguing for a strong anti-Japanese resistance. But the Chinese Republic News and the Chinese Times demonstrated support for and understanding of the Chiang government’s dilemma, though the political position of the former was much more fluid. The divergent views revealed the multiple loyalties of Chinese residents in Australia and their active community politics when their population in Australia was declining, and it was a reminder that the diasporic community cannot be homogenized with a collective concept of a “country.” It also reflected their shared identification with the Chinese nation, showing different approaches to building up a strong home country. By shaping their readerships’ Chinese patriotism and nationalism, these Chinese-language newspapers strengthened the connection and allegiances between Chinese in Australia and their homeland.
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Kwok, Cannas, and Gerard Sullivan. "Influence of traditional Chinese beliefs on cancer screening behaviour among Chinese-Australian women." Journal of Advanced Nursing 54, no. 6 (June 2006): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03872.x.
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Arkoudis, Sophie, and Kristina Love. "Imagined communities in senior school mathematics." Chinese Students: Perspectives on their social, cognitive, and linguistic investment in English medium interaction 18, no. 1 (May 9, 2008): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.18.1.05ark.
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In a highly mobile and globalized educational market, Australian secondary schools attract increasing numbers of international students, the majority of whom are from China (Australian Education International, 2007). Most of these Chinese international students undertake two years of senior secondary education in this English medium context as a step towards entry to Australian tertiary institutions, but their increasing heterogeneity in terms of linguistic and academic ability is resulting in increasing frustrations for them and their subject teachers alike (Arkoudis & Love, 2004; Love & Arkoudis, 2006). This paper explores the language and learning needs of Chinese international students in one popular senior school subject, Specialist Mathematics, using student and teacher interviews focusing on a written examination. The interviews were examined through two theoretical lenses, that of Norton’s (2001) imagined communities and van Langenhove & Harre’s (1999) positioning theory, in order to explore how the imagined communities of the students and their teacher influence their investment in the teaching and learning context. The analysis highlights that the teacher and students’ actions and identities are influenced by their different imagined communities, which affect their motivation and investment in their current community of the Specialist Maths class.
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Godovanyuk, K. A. "The Factor of Australia in British Foreign Policy." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 92, S4 (September 2022): S308—S314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331622100070.
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Abstract The Australian component of UK foreign policy in the context of the changing world order is outlined. It is highlighted that, in a value and ideological sense and due to the common Anglo-Saxon identity, London assigns Canberra a key role in the coalition of like-minded countries (“network of liberty”); in geostrategic terms, it perceives Australia as a platform to expand the UK influence in the Indo-Pacific. At present, the “special” partnership between the two countries is underpinned by a number of new agreements, including a “historical” trade deal aimed at strengthening economic ties and in-depth political, diplomatic, and defense cooperation, based on a new military alliance, AUKUS. At the same time, the traditional pragmatism inherent in the foreign policy of Australia, which positions itself as a reliable international actor, is being replaced by increasing military–political and economic dependence, which plays into the hands of London. Coming closer with Australia also allows Britain to present itself as the key extraregional player in the system of anti-Chinese alliances in the Indo-Pacific, with Washington and Canberra in the forefront.
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Liang, Q. R. "Does Australian oaten hay improve Chinese dairy cow performance?" IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 858, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/858/1/012011.
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Abstract With the steep growth of the global population, especially in developing countries, the pressure on the agricultural sector has been increasing. Since the Chinese dairy industry is undergoing rapid development, the demand for adequate high-quality forage is proportionately increasing. Australian oaten hay is regularly exported to China with distinct nutritional benefits, but studies concerning details of the nutritional composition and its influence on the performance of Chinese dairy cows are limited. The controversy related to the harvesting time of oaten hay is another less explored area but critically important factor affecting the nutritional value of forage. This research used a comparative research method to analyze the nutritional composition difference between Australian oaten hay and Chinese oaten hay and the nutrient and yield difference during different harvesting times. Three different forage replacement experiments were reviewed, which were conducted on dry and mid-lactating Chinese Holstein cows and weaned Chinese Holstein calves separately. The corresponding impacts of feeding Australian oaten hay on their production performances were investigated by regression analysis methods. The results of this project can provide a comprehensive understanding of nutritional composition and a systematic overview of the impact of Australian oaten hay on the production performance of Chinese dairy Holstein cows.
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Li, Bo, Olan K. M. Scott, Stirling Sharpe, Qingru Xu, and Michael Naraine. "“Clean Athlete” or “Drug Cheat and a Jerk”? A Comparative Analysis of the Framing of an Athlete Conflict in Australian and Chinese Print Media." International Journal of Sport Communication 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 531–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2019-0061.
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Media coverage in China and Australia examined a conflict between 2 Olympic swimmers, Chinese Sun Yang and Australian Mack Horton, during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. While both swimmers performed well, there were several conflicts between the 2 leading to both nations’ media coverage portraying the foreign athlete negatively. An analysis of 398 print-media articles revealed there were sharp differences between the 2 nations in both the amount of coverage and the valence of the information sources. From a theoretical perspective, the framing of this conflict showed an “us vs. them” dichotomy, suggesting that both countries’ coverage was strongly influenced to protect the reputation and honor of the home athlete. Coverage in both nations was markedly different, suggesting a home-nation favoritism. Implications for sport communicators are discussed.
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Neupane, Saugat, Ranga Chimhundu, and K. C. Chan. "An instrument for measuring the influence of consumers' cultural values on functional food perception." British Food Journal 123, no. 7 (March 8, 2021): 2582–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2020-0997.
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PurposeThe purpose of the article is to develop an instrument for measuring the influence of consumers' cultural values on functional food perception.Design/methodology/approachThe study is quantitative in nature and builds on an earlier qualitative study that employed in-depth interviews, thematic analysis and constant comparative analysis to construct a survey instrument which initially had 53 items. The quantitative study involved an online survey that was conducted using this instrument, which resulted in 365 complete cases that included 173 Anglo-Australian, 102 Chinese and 90 Indian respondents living in Australia. The survey data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis using Principal axis factoring, with Promax rotation.FindingsThe research has validated that functional food perception is dependent upon consumers' cultural values. The results of the exploratory factor analysis provided a six-factor instrument with 32 items.Research limitations/implicationsOnly three ethnic groups were involved in this study and that is not entirely representative of Australia or other countries. The instrument, however, will allow researchers in the field of functional food to extend the research to other diverse communities.Practical implicationsThe instrument will further enable functional food producers and marketers to develop effective marketing strategies based on their knowledge of the influence of cultural values on functional food perception.Originality/valueThe instrument developed from this study, for measuring consumers' functional food perception based on cultural values, is the first of its kind.
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Zhu, Lequn, Ran Zhou, Xiaojun Li, and Jie Chen. "Evolutionary Analysis of Supply Chain Integration Strategy on Chinese Steel-Producing Firms considering Policy Risk Cost Factor." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (June 25, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1136601.
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Despite a number of adverse factors, China’s steel industry has maintained a rapid growth trend. China continues to consume two-thirds of the world’s iron ore, the majority of which is imported. In this context, Chinese steel companies have begun to consider integrating their supply chains to increase efficiency and lower costs. However, the increasingly volatile international environment makes this an extremely risky proposition. As a result, the issue of how Chinese steel producers should participate in global supply chain integration has emerged as a critical research question that requires investigation. In this paper, we examine the supply chain integration problem using a typical China–Australia steel trade as an example. Specifically, we discuss in detail whether relevant firms should continue to promote supply chain integration in the Chinese–Australian steel industry, as well as the decision boundary of influence, using evolutionary game theory and policy risk cost factors. The empirical analysis demonstrates that policy risk has a range of effects on different types of steel firms. Even when international tensions are considered, smaller steel companies may retain a greater willingness to integrate their supply chains. Overall, the above findings can provide necessary decision support for enterprises to formulate supply chain management strategies.
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Wang, Carol Chunfeng, Lisa Whitehead, and Sara Bayes. "Global mobility in nursing: Why Chinese students leave to study nursing in Australia." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, no. 11 (June 21, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n11p51.
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Objective: The world-wide demand for skilled Registered Nurses is high, and understanding the reasons why Chinese students leave home to study nursing in Australia is important for institutions, policy makers, and nursing administrators in both China and Australia. This paper explores the factors shaping the decision of six Chinese students to study nursing in Australia and their preference to eventually live and work either in China or Australia.Methods: A three-dimensional space narrative structure approach was used for this study. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with six Chinese nursing students whom were studying nursing at universities in Western Australia.Results: Findings revealed that the most important factor that influenced Chinese students’ decision to study nursing in Australia was the possibility for permanent residency.Conclusions: Insights gained from the study are important for a myriad of factors including international nursing relocation, developments in networking and healthcare, and capitalising in education from a global perspective.
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Downs, Nathan, Harry Butler, and Alfio Parisi. "Solar Ultraviolet Attenuation during the Australian (Red Dawn) Dust Event of 23 September 2009." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 2039–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-15-00053.1.
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Abstract The large dust event of 23 September 2009 is recognized as the most significant on record in Australia since the 1940s. At its peak, reported hourly average particulate concentrations exceeded 15,000 μg m−3, significantly exceeding the Australian National Air Quality Standard of 50 μg m−3 and daily September averages of 20–25 μg m−3. Measurements of the spectral surface ultraviolet irradiance monitored continuously before, after, and during the event of 23 September 2009 are presented. These measurements highlight the significance of extreme dust load on the ultraviolet irradiance, and exceed previously published UV attenuations measured in Saharan and Chinese dust events. Measured spectral attenuations of up to 99.5% in the ultraviolet B and 97.6% in the ultraviolet A were associated with the arrival of low-altitude cumuliform cloud and the dust plume ahead of an approaching cold front on the morning of 23 September 2009. The data presented cover the period of maximum attenuation and the afternoon, which had no cloud cover. This research characterizes for the first time the influence of a frontal desert dust storm on the surface ultraviolet irradiance in the naturally high ambient ultraviolet climate of subtropical Australia.
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White, Lesley, and Christiane Klinner. "Medicine use of elderly Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants and attitudes to home medicines review." Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, no. 1 (2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10099.
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There is a paucity of research into the perceptions of elderly Australian ethnic minorities towards public health services related to quality use of medicines. Among the six fastest growing ethnic groups in Australia, the Mandarin-speaking Chinese and Vietnamese constitute the largest elderly populations with poor English skills. This paper investigates the relationships of elderly Chinese and Vietnamese migrants with medicines, general practitioners and pharmacists, and how these relationships influence their awareness and attitudes of the home medicines review (HMR) program. Two semi-structured focus groups were held with a total of 17 HMR-eligible patients who have never received a HMR, one with Chinese and one with Vietnamese respondents, each in the respective community language. Confusion about medications and an intention to have a HMR were pronounced among all participants although none of them had heard of the program before participating in the focus groups. Respondents reported difficulties locating a pharmacist who spoke their native language, which contributed to an increased unmet need for medicine information. The Chinese group additionally complained about a lack of support from their general practitioners in relation to their medicine concerns and was adamant that they would prefer to have a HMR without the involvement of their general practitioner. Our results indicate a distinct HMR need but not use among elderly Chinese and Vietnamese eligible patients with poor English skills. Home medicines review service use and perceived medication problems are likely to improve with an increasing availability of bilingual and culturally sensitive health care providers.
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Zhang, Hua, Bridget H.-H. Hsu-Hage, and Mark L. Wahlqvist. "Longitudinal changes in nutrient intakes in the Melbourne Chinese Cohort Study." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 3 (June 2002): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001259.
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AbstractObjective:To assess longitudinal changes in the consumption of nutrients and the impact of socio-economic factors on diet transition in the Melbourne Chinese Health Study (MCHS) cohort.Design:Longitudinal study including two phases: baseline (1989/90) and follow-up (1995/97).Settings:Melbourne metropolitan areas in Victoria, Australia.Study subjects and method:Two hundred and sixty-two Chinese men and women aged 25 years and over, recruited at baseline, who had completed the both baseline and follow-up food-frequency questionnaires.Results:Women increased their daily intakes of energy (+549 kJ), protein (+7.8 g), fat (+7.3 g) and dietary fibre (+5.6 g) whereas men decreased their daily consumption of carbohydrate (-38.5 g) over an average period of 8 years. Energy contributions from protein and fat rose while that from carbohydrate dropped for all cohort subjects. Increased intakes of riboflavin, β-carotene and iron were observed in men, while an increased consumption of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and minerals (except sodium) was observed in women. Socio-economic factors such as education, family income levels and occupational categories appeared to have a far more powerful influence on changes in individual daily nutrient intakes than age or length of stay in Australia. Changes in nutrient intake in women were less affected by sociodemographic variables.Conclusion:The observed changes in nutrient intakes indicated a progressive approach towards the Australian Recommended Dietary Intakes within this Chinese cohort population.
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Wei, Qunshan, Rolando Fabris, Christopher W. K. Chow, Changzhou Yan, Dongsheng Wang, and Mary Drikas. "Characterization of dissolved organic matter from Australian and Chinese source waters by combined fractionation techniques." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.432.
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The character of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in source waters from two countries (Australia and China) was investigated using an extended fractionation technique by combining resin adsorption, ultrafiltration and high performance size exclusion chromatography. There are distinctive chemical characteristics associated with DOM origins. Australian sourced DOM had higher hydrophobic acid (HoA) content and exhibited a more pronounced humic character, indicating a higher influence from allochthonous organics (decayed plant bodies from vegetated catchments). The higher content of hydrophobic base and neutral components found in Chinese DOM, may be attributed to the effects of increasing pollution caused by the rapid urbanization in China. The molecular weights (MWs) of aquatic HoA are predominantly in the moderate (e.g. 1–10 kDa) or small (e.g. <1 kDa) ranges. This suggests that aquatic HoA should not be assumed as high MW organics without experimental validation. It is also found that some of the low MW compounds in our samples were hydrophobic, which could explain the observation of low MW organic compounds being able to be removed by conventional treatment processes.
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Le, Huong, and Jade McKay. "Chinese and Vietnamese international students in Australia." International Journal of Educational Management 32, no. 7 (September 10, 2018): 1278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-08-2016-0180.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the voice of Chinese and Vietnamese international students through studying the similarities and differences in their learning experiences and the reasons underlying their experience. Design/methodology/approach In total, 57 Chinese and Vietnamese international students participated in focus groups and interviews regarding their experiences of higher education and their suggestions for improvement. Findings The findings show that Chinese and Vietnamese students had varying levels of challenges and different progress in the adaptation process and that Chinese students were more vocal and less satisfied with their experience of higher education than Vietnamese students. This is due to the mismatch in their expectation and the actual experience and the cultural influence. Research limitations/implications The sample size is relatively small. This study only looked at Vietnamese and Chinese students in one university, which might have limitations in relation to subjectivity and bias. Practical implications The findings provide useful implications for educators, institutional leaders and support staff to improve facilities, teaching quality and service to students. Originality/value In the current era of internationalisation, commercialisation and mobility in institutions around the world, this study advances current research and provides timely insight into the experiential differences of the Chinese and Vietnamese student experience and their voice.
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Brosnan, Caragh, Vincent C. H. Chung, Anthony L. Zhang, and Jon Adams. "Regional Influences on Chinese Medicine Education: Comparing Australia and Hong Kong." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6960207.
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High quality education programs are essential for preparing the next generation of Chinese medicine (CM) practitioners. Currently, training in CM occurs within differing health and education policy contexts. There has been little analysis of the factors influencing the form and status of CM education in different regions. Such a task is important for understanding how CM is evolving internationally and predicting future workforce characteristics. This paper compares the status of CM education in Australia and Hong Kong across a range of dimensions: historical and current positions in the national higher education system, regulatory context and relationship to the health system, and public and professional legitimacy. The analysis highlights the different ways in which CM education is developing in these settings, with Hong Kong providing somewhat greater access to clinical training opportunities for CM students. However, common trends and challenges shape CM education in both regions, including marginalisation from mainstream health professions, a small but established presence in universities, and an emphasis on biomedical research. Three factors stand out as significant for the evolution of CM education in Australia and Hong Kong and may have international implications: continuing biomedical dominance, increased competition between universities, and strengthened links with mainland China.
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Lee, Myra CY, Mary McMahon, and Mark Watson. "Career decisions of international Chinese doctoral students: The influence of the self in the environment." Australian Journal of Career Development 27, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1038416217743023.
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In recent times, international research students from China have become a substantial demographic because aside from the revenue they bring to host countries, they are valued for their research contributions. To understand how to attract and support them, this article investigated the influences on the educational and post-graduation occupational decisions of Chinese doctoral research students based in Australia. These influences are interpreted within the Chinese relational context and the Systems Theory Framework. This article is based on research that interviewed 10 participants across three universities in Queensland, Australia, and thereafter, utilised thematic analysis as the analytical method. This article presents the derived themes relating to the influences of the self and the environment. The key findings highlight the interrelationships among the self, the family, cultural, and spiritual environment when making career decisions that balance personal aspirations against family expectations and societal constraints in order to maintain harmony.
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Zhang, Yan, Wenfeng Huang, and Lisha Wang. "Wind Field Characteristics of Butte and the Influence on the Wind-Induced Responses of Transmission Towers." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (February 27, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1026329.
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The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on the butte was carried out to obtain the wind field characteristics for a specific mountain in the hilly area of eastern China. Then, the speed-up ratios of butte at each location distributed by height were calculated. The simulation results were compared with the specified value of mountain wind field acceleration ratio in various codes. The finite element model of the transmission tower line system is established by ANSYS, and the wind-induced vibration response of the structural system under the single mountain wind field is calculated, which is compared with the results of flat ground. The results show that the mountain will hinder the fluid passing through it. There is a deceleration zone in front of the mountain and a flow separation phenomenon behind the mountain. The speed-up ratios at the butte top where accelerating effect are the biggest among all positions of the butte. As the height increases, they approach 1. The speed-up ratios calculated by the Chinese code and the Australian code are linearly changing along the ridge of the butte and are symmetric at the windward side and leeward side. The biggest speed-up ratios are calculated by the Chinese code, and the smallest ratios are calculated by CFD. The wind-induced vibration response of the transmission tower line system is influenced by the wind speed-up ratios and reaches the maximum at the top of the butte. The simulation results at the windward side are close to the values calculated by the Australia code and the Euro code, but at the top and leeward side, they are far smaller than others.
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Batonda, Gerry, and Chad Perry. "Influence of culture on relationship development processes in overseas Chinese/Australian networks." European Journal of Marketing 37, no. 11/12 (December 2003): 1548–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560310495357.
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Jobson, Laura, Shamsul Haque, Siti Zainab Abdullah, Bryan Lee, Haoxiang Li, Tamsyn Reyneke, Britney Kerr Wen Tan, Winnie Lau, and Belinda Liddell. "Examining Cultural Differences in the Associations between Appraisals and Emotion Regulation and PostTraumatic Stress Disorder in Malaysian and Australian Trauma Survivors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031163.
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Appraisals and emotional regulation play a central role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite research demonstrating cultural differences in everyday appraisals and emotion regulation, little research has investigated the influence of culture on these processes in PTSD. This study examined cultural differences in the associations between appraisals, emotion regulation and PTSD symptoms using trauma survivors from an individualistic Western culture (Australia) and a collectivistic Asian culture (Malaysia). Trauma survivors (N = 228; 107 Australian with European cultural heritage, 121 Malaysian with Malay, Indian or Chinese cultural heritage) completed an on-line survey assessing PTSD (PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 with Life Events Checklist), appraisals (trauma-related, fatalism, cultural beliefs about adversity) and emotion regulation (suppression, reappraisal, interpersonal). The Malaysian group reported significantly greater fatalism, cultural beliefs about adversity, suppression and interpersonal emotion regulation than the Australian group. Greater trauma-specific appraisals, greater suppression, fewer cultural beliefs about adversity, and less use of social skills to enhance positivity were generally associated with greater PTSD symptom severity, with little evidence of cultural group moderating these associations. Interdependent self-construal mediated the relationships between cultural adversity beliefs, enhanced positivity, reappraisal, perspective taking and PTSD symptoms. Independent self-construal mediated the relationships between fatalism and perspective taking and PTSD symptoms. Cultural group did not moderate these indirect effects. Interdependent self-construal mediated the associations between interpersonal regulation strategies of soothing and social modelling with PTSD symptoms for the Malaysian but not the Australian group. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering self-construal and culture in understanding factors associated with PTSD.