Journal articles on the topic 'Australian Chinese Community'
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1
Gardner, Nathan Daniel. "All as One to One for All." Journal of Chinese Overseas 18, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341454.
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Abstract The recent racism toward Chinese Australians arising from the COVID-19 pandemic recalls the shape and scale of racism last seen during the “Hanson debate” of the late 1990s – so-named for the anti-Asian immigration and anti-multicultural positions Pauline Hanson advanced in Australian politics and society. Further linking these two moments are the responses to racism coming from Chinese Australian individuals and community organizations. In each period, the different backgrounds of various Chinese Australian communities and their representative organizations influenced their modes of responding to racism. Over the years, however, the prominence of a small number of “community leaders” and organizations responding to racism has increasingly eclipsed grassroots responses to racism. I argue that this shift represents a “professionalization” of Chinese Australian responses to racism; partly explaining the form that present responses take, while also problematizing the relationship between the “community representatives” and the “communities being represented.”
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Tomasic, Roman, and Ping Xiong. "Mapping the Legal Landscape: Chinese State-Owned Companies in Australia." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, no. 2 (October 2, 2017): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i2.4737.
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Australia has always relied heavily upon foreign sources of investment and financing and has in the past tended to draw mainly upon British, American and Japanese investment. In recent decades, Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have played an increasingly important role in the Australian economy with a rising level of investment taking place. Chinese SOEs have been more heavily involved in investments into larger Australian investment projects, such as in mining and infrastructure. Australia has seen an increase in the number of Chinese state-owned companies acquiring substantial domestic assets; this may continue following the ratification of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement in 2015. Although Chinese SOEs operating in foreign countries such as Australia are required to comply with local corporate governance laws and principles, they also retain their unique Chinese corporate governance values and culture which they have inherited through their parent companies and from China itself. In Australia, there has been an ongoing debate over Chinese investment, with the business community being particularly supportive of such investment. Driven largely by the business community, this debate has been relatively narrow and has not explored the likely impact of Chinese SOEs and their subsidiaries upon the shape of corporate governance in countries in which they invest. This article seeks to examine the legal contours of Chinese-controlled investment in Australia with a view to acquiring a more informed understanding of the impact of Chinese SOEs upon the Australian legal landscape.
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Fan, Cynthia, and Wally Karnilowicz. "Attitudes Towards Mental Illness and Knowledge of Mental Health Services Among the Australian and Chinese Community." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 2 (2000): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00017.
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The study aimed to examine the attitudes toward mental illness and knowledge of mental health services among Anglo-Australian and Chinese-Australian adults. Participants included 105 Anglo-Australians and 129 Chinese-Australians. Participants were requested to complete a questionnaire on attitudes toward mental illness and knowledge of mental health service available in the community. The results indicated that there was a significant ethnic difference in attitudes towards mental illness. Chinese-Australians endorsed authoritarian, restrictive attitudes towards people with mental illness and interpersonal etiology more than Anglo-Australians. There was also a significant difference in attitudes towards mental illness due to the amount of contact with people with mental illness. The more contact the participants had with people with mental illness, the less they endorsed authoritarian, and restrictive attitudes toward people with mental illness. Though there was a non-significant difference in knowledge of mental health services due to ethnic origin or amount of contact with people with mental illness, there were ethnic differences in the type of mental health services preferred. Among Chinese-Australians, age was positively related to knowledge of services for acute and chronic cases of mental illness. Implications for community mental health education programs are discussed.
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Kuo, Mei-fen. "Confucian Heritage, Public Narratives and Community Politics of Chinese Australians at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 212–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341260.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the meanings of Confucian heritage for the Chinese ethnic community at the time Australia became a Federation. It will argue that public narratives about Confucian heritage provided a new agency for mobilizing urban Chinese Australian communities. These narratives politicized culture, helped to shape Chinese ethnic identity and diasporic nationalism over time. The appearance of narratives on Confucian heritage in the late 19th century reflected the Chinese community’s attempt to differentiate and redefine itself in an increasingly inimical racist environment. The fact that Chinese intellectuals interpreted Confucian heritage as symbolic of their distinctiveness does not necessarily mean that the Chinese community as a whole aligned themselves with the Confucianism revival movement. By interpreting Confucian heritage as a national symbol, Chinese Australian public narratives reflected a national history in which the Chinese community blended Confucian heritage into a nationalist discourse. This paper argues that this interpretation of Confucian heritage reflects the Chinese community’s attempts to redefine their relationship with the non-Chinese culture, they were a part of, in ways which did not draw on colour or race.
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Cranney, Leonie, Li Ming Wen, Huilan Xu, Nancy Tam, Anna Whelan, Myna Hua, and Nageen Ahmed. "Formative research to promote the Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service (GHS) in the Australian-Chinese community." Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 3 (2018): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py17133.
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The free, telephone-based Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service (GHS) has made sustained improvements in healthy behaviours and weight change in the Australian population, but there is poor uptake of the GHS by culturally and linguistically diverse communities. This formative research study explored the Australian-Chinese community’s awareness, perceptions and experiences of the GHS and their knowledge and cultural beliefs about healthy lifestyles. Conducted in Sydney, Australia, the research included 16 Chinese community-stakeholder interviews, a cross-sectional survey of 253 Chinese community members; and a review of Chinese participant GHS data. The study revealed poor uptake (<1%) and awareness (16%) of the GHS, but good intent (86%) to use it. The need for culturally appropriate and relevant information on healthy eating and physical activity was identified. Employment of a bilingual, bicultural coach, redesign and translation of written resources and targeted promotion in partnership with community organisations were recommended.
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McKenzie, Heather, Cannas Kwok, Heidi Tsang, and Elizabeth Moreau. "Community Nursing Care of Chinese-Australian Cancer Patients." Cancer Nursing 38, no. 4 (2015): E53—E60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000193.
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Kwok, Jen Tsen. "Chinese Australian Urban Politics in the Context of Globalisation." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 1 (March 24, 2011): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v3i1.1853.
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Globalisation and the rise of East Asia have accelerated the migration of Chinese populations across the Asia-Pacific rim. Ethnic Chinese populations from highly diverse sub-ethnic, socio-economic and political backgrounds are increasingly aggregated in major cities throughout the region. Nonetheless, there remains insufficient attention to the implications of greater economic interdependence and accelerated population movement upon the political cultures of host nations such as Australia, especially in the context of ensuing spatial and economic concentrations of activity.
Both articulate and interlocking relationships between political and economic fields exist in the metropolitan engagements of Chinese Australian community groups and associations. Many of these political dimensions extend into ‘formal’ modes of politics.
Framed by urban regime theory and the broader notion of urban politics, this paper claims that network resource exchange within Chinese Australian communities are tied to ethnic economies, and in certain contexts global processes. These kinds of social dynamics have implications for the expression of diasporic Chinese affinity and constructions of Chineseness. Explorations of transnational political tensions, in fact, highlight the diversity and potential fragility of diasporic interdependence within ethnic Chinese communities – communities that are persistently refashioned through new waves of migration and from different points of origin.
This paper seeks to advance these perspectives through a case study of a particular period of tension between two representative peak bodies in Brisbane, Queensland. Grounded in the testimony of elite political actors, it reflects upon the nature of ethnic Chinese community representation in contemporary Australia.
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Finnane, Mark. "Law as Politics: Chinese Litigants in Australian Colonial Courts." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341259.
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Abstract The recent historiography of Chinese in Australia has emphasised their vigorous formation of a local identity and community even in the face of recurrent and expanding threats of exclusion from colonial life. In their ready embrace of legal remedies to redress what they saw as discrimination or other harms, the Chinese were exemplar colonial settlers who looked to the law to protect them. In colonial appeal courts, Chinese litigants challenged migration controls, contested convictions under opium restriction and gambling laws, sought equitable outcomes in property inheritance and challenged exclusionary regulation under the Factory Acts. In contrast to another kind of history of the Chinese in Australian law, as defendants in criminal prosecution, this article draws attention to the Chinese engagement in legal remedies as an assertion of their entitlement to recognition and fair play.
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LIAO, Chih-I. "Language Used by Chinese Malaysian Students Studying at an Australian University." Issues in Language Studies 9, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ils.2350.2020.
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In Australia, more than 33% of total international students are Mandarin speakers. Mandarin has become a common language in the international student community in Australia. Speaking Mandarin is important while studying in an English-speaking country. This article explores Chinese Malaysian students’ language proficiency and their language attitudes. Five participants were selected from an Australian university, they were interviewed based on sociolinguistic case study research. The language proficiency of five participants was classified at five levels and the participants were required to self-rate in all their languages in the questionnaire. The findings show that three of the five participants preferred speaking English in Australia while the other two felt more confident of speaking Mandarin. All participants claimed that living in Australia, English and Mandarin are equally important. In contrast, the five participants’ Bahasa Melayu proficiencies had largely decreased because of less practice and negative attitudes.
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Zhong, Yong. "Coverage of a Sex Debate by Australian Chinese Community Media." Media International Australia 84, no. 1 (May 1997): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9708400108.
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Chang, Shanton, Peng Kuang, and Sabrina Trumpour. "A qualitative study of international students’ sexual health information behaviours: The case of Chinese men who have sex with men." Transitions: Journal of Transient Migration 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tjtm_00045_1.
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There has been an increase in HIV diagnoses among Chinese men who have sex with men international students (CMISs) in Australia. However, there is not a lot of understanding about the sexual health information of this cohort of transient students. There are often assumptions of low sexual health literacy and other vulnerabilities made about this cohort, but the actual cultural and systemic barriers are not well understood. In particular, there is a lack of understanding about their sexual health information behaviours. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews among ten CMISs in Australia, recruited from social dating apps and snowballing methods. Within this sample, there was a diversity in CMISs’ prior sexual health knowledge, sources of sexual health information and engagement with the Australian LGBTIQA+ community. A key concern amongst those interviewed was a lack of in-depth knowledge about the Australian health system. This article challenges some of the assumptions about CMISs’ sexual health information behaviours and calls for a more nuanced approach when engaging with them. In order to provide relevant and timely sexual health information to CMISs, these results point to four areas for attention and improvement. These are use of peer mentoring, messaging disseminated through Chinese social media, activating a more inclusive LGBTIQA+ community and increasing awareness about the Australian health system.
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He, Ling, and Melissa Petrakis. "Spiritual Diversity in Personal Recovery from Mental Health Challenges: A Qualitative Study from Chinese-Australian Service Users’ Perspectives." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032210.
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Spiritual diversity and the positive role of spirituality in personal recovery have received growing attention in mental health literature. However, the spiritual experiences and views of service users from cultural communities, particularly the Chinese community, are understudied in Australia. This research explores Chinese service users’ spiritual identities and their views and perspectives on the roles of spirituality in their mental health recovery and attempts to provide inspiration for practitioners to engage with service users’ spirituality in non-clinical mental health practice. A qualitative exploratory approach guided this study. Semi-structured interviews were employed with four Chinese participants with spiritual identities, who were recruited through the community Psychosocial Support Service in Victoria. The template analysis method supported the data analysis. The results indicate that spirituality has a positive impact on the mental health recovery of participants, primarily through coping, self-regulatory, and social support mechanisms. The findings also present that Chinese service users’ understanding and approaches to spirituality are shaped by both original and Australian Cultures. These findings suggest that practitioners should provide a creative understanding and cultural awareness when discussing with service users their spiritual identities, perspectives, and spirituality in the wider context. The research fills a gap in the spiritual views and perspectives of service users accessing a non-clinical mental health service from the Chinese community.
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Lin, Xiaoping, Christina Bryant, Jennifer Boldero, and Briony Dow. "Psychological well-being of older Chinese immigrants living in Australia: a comparison with older Caucasians." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 10 (July 8, 2016): 1671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001010.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Few current studies explore psychological well-being among older Chinese immigrants in Australia. The study addressed this gap and provided preliminary data on psychological well-being among this group. Four indicators, namely depression, anxiety, loneliness, and quality of life, were used to present a comprehensive picture of psychological well-being.Methods:Participants were two groups of community-dwelling older people, specifically 59 Chinese immigrants and 60 Australian-born people (median age=77 and 73, respectively). Data were collected through standardized interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire were used to measure depression, anxiety, loneliness, and quality of life, respectively.Results:Chinese participants’ median quality of life score was higher than the scale mid-point, indicating relatively high levels of quality of life. However, 10% exhibited symptoms of depression, 6% had symptoms of anxiety, and 49% felt lonely. Compared to Australian participants, Chinese participants reported poorer quality of life and higher levels of loneliness. Importantly, the difference in quality of life remained when the impact of socio-demographic factors was controlled for.Conclusions:This study was the first to use multiple indicators to explore psychological well-being among older Chinese immigrants in Australia. Its results suggest that their psychological well-being might be worse than that of Australian-born people when using loneliness and quality of life as indicators. In particular, loneliness is a common psychological problem among this group, and there is a need for public awareness of this problem.
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Hu, Bo. "A Chinese Australian family’s language use and attitudes." Regional Chinese in Contact 5, no. 1 (June 13, 2019): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aplv.18009.hu.
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Abstract This paper presents a qualitative case study of a Chinese Australian family’s multilingual experiences in Melbourne. Couched in the framework of family language policy, I examine language shift patterns and mother tongue attitudes and analyse reasons and consequences. The findings show that the first generation uses Mandarin for general family communication, while relegating regional Chinese to functions that are, typically, private and familial and for use with older generations. The second generation uses English the most. While their Mandarin use is enhanced through community-based schooling and can be activated depending on the communicative environment, regional Chinese does not play an active role. This nested, hierarchical ecology of language shift with two dominant language constellations causes parental confusion about the children’s mother tongue and problematises grandparent-grandchild communication with a possible decrease of family intimacy.
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IP, DAVID, CHI WAI LUI, and WING HONG CHUI. "Veiled entrapment: a study of social isolation of older Chinese migrants in Brisbane, Queensland." Ageing and Society 27, no. 5 (August 29, 2007): 719–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x07006083.
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ABSTRACTThis paper presents the findings of a study of the support and service needs of older Chinese people in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland, Australia. There were two specific objectives: to ascertain the problems encountered by older Chinese-Australians in their daily lives and social activities; and to develop policy and service development recommendations, with a view to mitigating their problems, meeting their unmet needs, improving their quality of life, and enhancing their participation in Australian society. The study used multiple methods, including a literature review, focus group meetings, and a community survey. The findings indicate that older Chinese people, and particularly women, experience significant restrictions in their activity patterns, social isolation and loneliness. Their lack of proficiency in the English language, and the difficulties they have in accessing language-support and interpretation services, limit their autonomous mobility and make them heavily dependent on their adult children, not least for transport. Their physical and psychological wellbeing is affected further by strained relations with their adult children, and these are compounded by financial concerns. The implications of the findings for welfare policy and practice are discussed at the end of the paper.
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Nyland, Chris, Elizabeth Ann Maharaj, and Anne O'Rourke. "Australia/US/China Preferential Trade Negotiations: Building Alliances and Realizing Workers' Rights to a `Voice at the Table'." Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 5 (November 2007): 647–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185607082213.
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When the Australian and Chinese governments announced their intention to negotiate a bilateral trade agreement this news generated apprehension among employee bodies. This was because many workers believe China's competitiveness is underpinned by its government's refusal to allow China's workers to realize basic labour rights and because Australian labour and the wider community has been unable to participate in the debate surrounding the proposed agreement. The latter concern is the focus of this article. We accept organized labour has a right to `sit at the table' when trade policy is being determined and that the union movement needs to forge effective alliances if it is to achieve this goal. To assist this process we draw on submissions generated by the United States—Australia (AUSFTA) and Australia—China (ACFTA) trade agreements to argue that Australian unions and civil society groupings can influence the outcome of bilateral trade negotiations and in so doing offer suggestions regarding the issues likely to be most conducive to alliance building.
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LIN, XIAOPING, CHRISTINA BRYANT, JENNIFER BOLDERO, and BRIONY DOW. "Older people's relationships with their adult children in multicultural Australia: a comparison of Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants." Ageing and Society 37, no. 10 (August 30, 2016): 2103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16000829.
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ABSTRACTAgainst the background of population ageing and increasing cultural diversity in many Western countries, the study examined differences and similarities between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants in their relationships with adult children. The specific research questions were: (a) are there differences between these groups in the nature of parent–child relationships; and (b) if there were differences, did these differences reflect the Confucian concept of filial piety among older Chinese immigrants. The solidarity–conflict model and the concept of ambivalence were used to quantify parent–child relationships. Data from 122 community-dwelling people aged 65 and over (60 Australian-born and 62 Chinese-born people) were collected using standardised interviews. There were significant differences between the two groups for all relationship dimensions except associative solidarity. Compared to Australian participants, Chinese participants were more likely to live with their children. However, when they did not live with their children, they lived further away. They were also more likely to receive, but less likely to provide, instrumental help. Finally, they reported higher levels of normative solidarity, conflict and ambivalence, and lower levels of affectual and consensual solidarity. The differences in solidarity dimensions persisted when socio-demographic variables were controlled for. The study revealed complex differences in the nature of older parent–child relationships between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants. Some of these differences, such as more prevalent multigenerational living among older Chinese immigrants, likely reflect the strong influence of filial piety among this group. However, differences in other dimensions, such as lower levels of consensual solidarity, might be associated with the Chinese participants’ experience as immigrants. This study also highlights the usefulness of the solidarity–conflict model as a theoretical framework to understand the nature of parent–child relationships among older Chinese immigrants.
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Yu, Yinghua. "Careers of New Chinese Professional Women." Culture Unbound 13, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.3301.
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This paper considers a specific cohort of new Chinese professional women born under the one-child policy in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It explores their perceptions and experiences of career in Australia through qualitative data collected from twenty-one professionals. This paper seeks to unpack the complexities of their career planning, pathways, and change, including their use of the WeChat platform to mediate their careers. I argue that new Chinese professional women's experience of career is ambivalent. They aspired to achieve some degree of 'freedom' through choosing to further their career in Australia; simultaneously, they attempted to build homeland connections and fulfil familial obligations as Dushengnv. As a result of constant negotiation, their career pathways were full of 'nonlinear' changes. WeChat works specifically as one important platform that structures the ambivalence experienced – it allows them to establish connections with family in China and the local ethnic community, but it may also limit their ability to develop networks in the Australian workplace; it offers opportunities for entrepreneurship, yet it complicates their social positions. The paper contributes to broader knowledge of new Chineseprofessional women's careers.
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Couchman, Sophie. "Reflections on Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in a Chinese Australian Community Museum." Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association 70, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24750158.2021.1875551.
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Zheng, Wu Yi, Michael Walker, and Alex Blaszczynski. "Mahjong Gambling in the Chinese-Australian Community in Sydney: A Prevalence Study." Journal of Gambling Studies 26, no. 3 (November 21, 2009): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9159-3.
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Sun, Wanning, and Haiqing Yu. "WeChatting the Australian Election: Mandarin-Speaking Migrants and the Teaching of New Citizenship Practices." Social Media + Society 6, no. 1 (January 2020): 205630512090344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120903441.
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With the number of Mandarin-speaking migrants on the rise in Australia and the centrality of Chinese social media platforms among a large majority of this cohort, it is time that we examined the role of WeChat in political communication and citizenship education among Chinese migrants. In the lead-up to the May 2019 federal election, WeChat became a political campaigning battlefield in which candidates held live WeChat sessions with Chinese Australian voters. Despite much discussion about WeChat’s impact on Australian politics, there is little understanding of its potential educational role in citizen-making: to what extent does WeChat educate new citizens about Australia’s political system, democratic values, and electoral processes? This article uses the 2019 federal election as a prism through which to explore civic education and citizen-making in the digital space of WeChat. Drawing on online surveys, sustained digital ethnographic observation, and in-depth one-on-one interviews, we ask whether and how the work of certain individuals in this digital space engenders a new form of community leadership and a more engaged form of civic behavior. We also assess WeChat’s potential in facilitating the process of political integration for new migrants from authoritarian societies.
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Gomes, Catherine. "Living in a Parallel Society." Journal of International Students 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): xiii—xv. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i1.1850.
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Whenever I write an opinion piece in any online media outlet about international students in Australia, I brace myself for the responses that appear in the comments section below the article. Often, a repeated complaint is that international students refuse to engage with local culture and society and hence keep to themselves by hanging out with co-nationals and speaking their native languages. While the general public in Australia does not engage in open conflict with international students over such grievances, they will instead discuss these anonymously online and with each other. Often these grievances have public airing through the media (e.g., Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s Four Corners episodes “Degrees of Deception,” 2015, and “Cash Cows,” 2019) or for political point scoring by Australian politicians (e.g., Senator Pauline Hanson of the right-wing, nationalist and anti-immigration party One Nation; Kainth, 2018).
However, the reception international students receive in terms of the attitudes of the citizenry unsurprisingly does not assist in any way in helping them feel a sense of belonging to their host country Australia. In 2013 I interviewed 47 Asian international students in the Australian city of Melbourne on their self-perceived identities, social networks, and engagements with media and communication technologies, in order to understand how they create a sense of belonging for themselves while overseas (Gomes,2015, 2017). The results revealed that international students create a parallel society with other international students in order to cope with living in a foreign country without the familiarity of family or loved ones who they left behind. While this parallel society allows international students to create a sense of community in Australia, its side effect is a perceived distancing from local society.
An International Student Parallel Society
International students strongly identify themselves more so as international students than their nationality. A student from India, for instance, explained that while in Australia, he prefers to be identified as an international student rather than by his nationality. Taking this point further, a student from Vietnam explained that while he is proud of his nationality, he prefers not to reveal that he is from Vietnam for fear of any negative assumptions the citizenry make about Vietnamese people. These negative assumptions he felt, would then be translated into ways the citizenry might treat him.
At the same time, the Asian international students also revealed that they did not consider ethnicity as significant to them. This was played out interestingly in how they viewed Asian Australians. Here the students felt that they had very little in common with Asians who were born or grew up in Australia. An international student from China explained that Australians of ethnic Chinese descent or ABCs (Australian-born Chinese) as she called them, were more Australian than they were Chinese. Meanwhile an Indian student undertaking postgraduate study vividly explained that he thought Indian-Australians were “not true Indians.” He said that while they may look like him, they were significantly different because he considered Indian-Australians culturally Australian and not culturally Indian. These responses are not surprising. In a separate study where colleagues and I surveyed 6,699 international students in Australia on who made up their friendship circles, we found that less than 1% of international students were friends with Australians who were of the same ethnicity as them (Gomes et al., 2015).
International students identifying themselves according to their status as foreigners studying in Australia also provides itself to be a beacon for the development of friendships with other international students. The Asian international students interviewed revealed that their friendship circles were made up of fellow international students who were co-nationals in the first instance, which was followed by international students from the Asian region, and then, to a lesser extent, international students from elsewhere. These friendship circles contribute to the parallel society international students inhabit where they exist, occupy, and mimic Australian communities but do not integrate with them. For instance, international students may adopt and recreate Australian cultural practices that involve their friendship circles (e.g., having backyard barbeque parties) but do not integrate with Australian societies (e.g., the backyard barbeque parties are made up solely of fellow international students).
In addition, forming friendships with fellow international students rather than with local communities has practical benefits. For instance, international students revealed that their local peers were unable to advise them on the everyday challenges they faced especially when they first arrive to Australia such as how to open bank accounts and where to find dependable Asian grocery shops. Clearly being friends with international students is important, if not necessary.
Conclusion
The significance of international student friendships during their study experience is enduring, if not complex. While international students may form a parallel society, they do so in order to feel a sense of belonging in Australia rather than to Australia. Though this is unsurprising, the challenge that emerges affects those international students wanting to stay longer through further study, work, or permanently reside. Not integrating somewhat into Australian society may have consequences for students in terms of their long-term plans (e.g., employment) primarily because they have not tapped into local networks.
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Westbrook, Mary T., Varoe Legge, and Mark Pennay. "Ethnic Differences in Expectations for Women with Physical Disabilities." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 26, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.26.4.26.
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A questionnaire survey of 665 members of the Chinese, Italian, German, Greek, Arabic aild Anglo Australian communities investigated community expectations for women with physical disabilities. Germans' attitudes resembled those of the Anglo mainstream culture but other communities differed significantly in the following ways: women with disabilities were described as less likely to work, marry, have children, be socially active or live indepeildently. Most communities expected them to experience greater shame, be more withdrawn, less cheerful and less optimistic than did Anglo Australians. There was less expectation that such women would discuss their disabilities, act autonomously or strive for indepeildence.
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Hamman, Evan. "Establishing an environmental law clinic in China: A review of relevant factors and various models." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 25, no. 2 (September 6, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v25i2.724.
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This paper looks at the factors which affect the establishment of Environmental Law Clinics (ELCs) with a particular focus on models that might be most effective in a Chinese context. The paper is the result of desktop research and a clinical program where five law students and one supervising academic from an Australian Law school attended a Chinese law school in early December 2016. During the visit, Australian law students conducted a workshop with Chinese law students as well as visited several NGOs in Wuhan and Beijing to grasp a better understanding of the environmental issues the country faces. The observations in this paper are preliminary in nature and further discussion of educational goals and community needs will be required before settling on a particular model. Brief recommendations and a list of relevant factors for consideration for Chinese ELCs are provided at the end of the paper.
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Shen, Qing, Dennis Cordato, Daniel KY Chan, Jerome Ip, and Jude Ng. "Risk factor profile in Chinese-Australian stroke patients living in Sydney." Australasian Journal on Ageing 30, no. 3 (October 8, 2010): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2010.00477.x.
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Zheng, Lin. "Living in two worlds." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 5.1–5.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral0905.
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This paper is based on an analysis of interviews, conducted at three primary schools in Melbourne, which sought to explore the determinants of code-switching between English and Chinese. Specifically, it examined school education and other specific possible determinants of code switching amongst Chinese-Australian bilingual children. The specific determinants of codeswitching that emerge from this study include: the length of residence in an English speaking community; the exposure to languages in schools and family communication patterns. The nature of school education played a leading role in Chinese language maintenance for the bilingual children.
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Zheng, Lin. "Living in two worlds." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 32, no. 1 (2009): 5.1–5.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.32.1.03zhe.
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This paper is based on an analysis of interviews, conducted at three primary schools in Melbourne, which sought to explore the determinants of code-switching between English and Chinese. Specifically, it examined school education and other specific possible determinants of code switching amongst Chinese-Australian bilingual children. The specific determinants of codeswitching that emerge from this study include: the length of residence in an English speaking community; the exposure to languages in schools and family communication patterns. The nature of school education played a leading role in Chinese language maintenance for the bilingual children.
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JENSEN, MICHAEL J., and TITUS C. CHEN. "Illiberal Media in a Liberal Democracy: Examining Identity in Australia’s Mandarin Language News." Issues & Studies 57, no. 02 (June 2021): 2150005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251121500053.
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The regime of censorship in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) extends beyond its borders through the extraterritorial application of its media regulations to popular social media platforms like WeChat. This research investigates the effects of the PRC’s extraterritorial control of online content on the identity narratives and norms communicated by comparing Australia’s Special Broadcast Service (SBS) Mandarin language news and the news targeting Australian audiences published on popular WeChat Official Accounts (OAs). We find significant differences in the news content between these two platforms: SBS provides more political content and a focus on political and cultural integration, while WeChat pages tend to avoid political topics that are not otherwise press releases from the PRC and they encourage strong cultural ties with Mainland China. Finally, SBS tends to both inform and cultivate democratic political identities and identification with the Australian political system, whereas WeChat tends to differentiate the Chinese diaspora from the wider Australian community. We situate these findings within a wider understanding of PRC’s national security strategies and doctrine. Whether by requirement or practice, not only the WeChat OAs in Australia implement PRC’s communication controls, but the content on these pages also challenges the liberal democratic practices and norms and supports foreign influence and espionage in Australia.
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Ku, T. K., P. M. Maude, and A. Welch. "FP05-2 Culture and Stigma of Mental Illness: An Analysis of Chinese Australian Community." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 4 (July 2011): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1876-2018(11)60133-0.
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Ho, Ka Po, Caroline Hunt, and Stephen Li. "Patterns of help-seeking behavior for anxiety disorders among the Chinese speaking Australian community." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 43, no. 11 (June 23, 2008): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0387-0.
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Wah Cheung, N., Stephen C. H. Li, and Kwok C. Tang. "Participation in cardiovascular risk factor and cancer screening among Australian Chinese." Health Promotion Journal of Australia 22, no. 2 (2011): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/he11147.
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Chew, Ju Ern Daniel, and Kevin Blackburn. "Dalforce at the Fall of Singapore in 1942: An Overseas Chinese Heroic Legend." Journal of Chinese Overseas 1, no. 2 (2005): 233–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325405788639184.
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AbstractDalforce, or the Singapore Overseas Chinese Volunteer Army as it was more popularly known among the Chinese community, was a hastily formed volunteer army created just before the fall of Singapore in February 1942. It was made up of 1,000–3,000 Chinese volunteers from all walks of life and political persuasions. Dalforce companies, armed with limited weapons and ammunition, were sent to defend the different fronts of Singapore Island after only a short stint of training. The soldiers of Dalforce, alongside the Australian, Indian and British armies, fought the Japanese invasion during the Battle for Singapore. The Overseas Chinese community in Singapore saw Dalforce as a medium through which they could join in the struggle, together with their comrades in China, against an aggressive and belligerent Japan. This small army became a symbol of something their comrades in China failed to truly achieve — the ability to unite in one force against a common enemy. The exploits of this little army became an Overseas Chinese legend.
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Chan, Bibiana. "Capitalising on the social resources within culturally and linguistically diverse communities for mental health promotion: stories of Australian Chinese people." Australian Journal of Primary Health 15, no. 1 (2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08058.
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Social capital, generally observed in Chinese cultures, can be considered as the glue that holds together all the norms, trust and social networks that enhance mutual benefit of a collectivistic society. The aim of this paper is to explore the best way to tap into these social resources in mental health promotion. A mixed-method study, consisting of 16 community focus groups and a quantitative survey (n = 528), was conducted among Chinese Australians (recruited from general practices) in metropolitan Sydney. Although the focus groups explored help-seeking behaviours during emotional distress, the survey assessed the prevalence of such episodes. Chinese informants identified ‘family and friends’, ‘cultural values’, ‘spirituality’ and ‘self’ as common ‘helpers’ for managing depressive episodes before professionals were consulted. These ‘helpers’ function as the ‘social capital’ within the Chinese community. Focus group narratives of the low-acculturated Chinese revealed that they turned to close friends and family for help during crises. Highly acculturated Chinese found ‘family values’ most helpful when facing adversity. Survey findings indicated that the self-report rate of lifetime depression in low-acculturated Chinese was significantly lower than that of Australians. These results resonate with Cullen and Whiteford’s (2001) proposition that a higher level of social capital decreases the incidence of depression. Although the links between social capital and mental health require further investigation, the current findings support its role in counteracting emotional distress. There are implications of the current research findings to wider culturally and linguistically diverse communities.
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Rule, Pauline. "The Transformative Effect of Australian Experience on the Life of Ho A Mei, 1838–1901, Hong Kong Community Leader and Entrepreneur." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341256.
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Abstract Ho A Mei, one of the earliest young Chinese to receive a thorough English education in the colony of Hong Kong, spent ten difficult years from 1858 to 1868, striving to make a fortune in the gold rush Australian colony of Victoria. Here he learnt much about modern business practices and ventures and also protested against the racial hostility that the Chinese encountered. Eventually after his retreat back to Hong Kong and Guangdong Province, he was successful partly because of his experiences in the advanced capitalist economy of colonial Victoria. This led him to move beyond the mercantile enterprises and property buying, which were key activities of many Hong Kong Chinese businessmen, into the areas of modern financial and telegraph services and mining ventures. He also spoke out frequently in a provocative manner against the colonial government over injustices and discrimination that limited the rights and freedom of the Chinese in Hong Kong. During the 1880s and 1890s, he was a recognized Chinese community leader, one whose assertiveness on behalf of Chinese interests was not always appreciated by the Hong Kong authorities.
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Manderson, Desmond. "Trends and Influences in the History of Australian Drug Legislation." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200304.
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In this article the author briefly traces some features in the emergence in Australia of legislation controlling “dangerous drugs” such as opium, morphine, cocaine and heroin from 1900 to 1950. It is argued that, in common with other similar countries, the first laws prohibiting the non-medical use of drugs were enacted as a symptom of anti-Chinese racism and not out of any concern for the health of users. It is further argued that later laws, which built upon that precedent, developed not through any independent assessment of the drug problem in Australia but rather in response to pressure from the international community. Australia's unthinking acceptance of the growing U.S.-led international consensus relating to “dangerous drugs” influenced legislation, policy and attitudes to illicit drug use. The structure of drug control which emerged incorporated and promoted the fears, values and solutions of other societies without any assessment of their validity or appropriateness.
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Notaro, Michael, Guangshan Chen, Yan Yu, Fuyao Wang, and Ahmed Tawfik. "Regional Climate Modeling of Vegetation Feedbacks on the Asian–Australian Monsoon Systems." Journal of Climate 30, no. 5 (February 9, 2017): 1553–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0669.1.
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Abstract This study explores the hypothesis that subtropical and tropical monsoon regions exhibit unique responses to vegetation feedbacks. Using the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), M. Notaro et al. concluded that reduced vegetation cover led to an earlier subtropical Chinese monsoon and a delayed, weaker tropical Australian monsoon, yet significant climate and leaf area index (LAI) biases obfuscated the hypothesis’s reliability. To address these concerns, the Regional Climate Model, version 4 (RegCM4), likewise coupled to the Community Land Model but with “observed” LAI boundary conditions, is applied across China and Australia. The model matches the observed dominance of crops, grass, and evergreen trees in southern China and grass and shrubs in northern Australia. The optimal model configuration is determined and applied in control runs for 1960–2013. Monsoon region LAI is modified in a RegCM4 ensemble, aimed at contrasting vegetation feedbacks between tropical and subtropical regions. Greater LAI supports reductions in albedo, temperature, wind speed, boundary layer height, ascending motion, and midlevel clouds and increases in diurnal temperature range (DTR), wind stress, evapotranspiration (ET), specific humidity, and low clouds. In response to greater LAI, rainfall is enhanced during Australia’s pre-to-midmonsoon season but not for China. Modified LAI leads to dramatic changes in the temporal distribution and intensity of Australian rain events. Heterogeneous responses to biophysical feedbacks include amplified impacts (e.g., increased ET and DTR) across China’s croplands and Australia’s shrublands. Inconsistencies between China’s monsoonal responses in the present RegCM4 study and prior CCSM study of M. Notaro et al. are attributed to CCSM’s excessive forest cover and LAI, exaggerated roughness mechanism, and deficient ET response.
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Forbes-Mewett, Helen, Allegra Clare Schermuly, and Kieran Hegarty. "Aspirational Individuals, Hopeful Communities: Histories and Subjectivities of Precarity in Regional Australia." Critical Sociology 46, no. 4-5 (February 17, 2020): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920520903470.
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In this paper, we utilise Jørgensen’s concept of what precarity does to make sense of stalled industrial development in a regional Australian community. In 2008–2009, a Chinese-owned multinational company proposed the development of an alumina refinery near Bowen, Queensland, offering residents the prospect of economic and local job growth, before the proposal was shelved in 2010. In direct contrast to the imagined ‘secure employment’ residents hoped the development would offer, past experiences of multinational developments had instead compounded economic and social precarity. Through a qualitative study of community and business perceptions in Bowen in 2008–2009, we explore how a regional community understands and resists histories and experiences of precarity. Despite recognising the changing economic and social structures that have contributed to insecurity, actors position themselves as malleable and aspirational potential workers, rather than resisting employment insecurity through collective means. This study provides a way of understanding the forces that impact aspirations of work in regional Australia and the gap between these aspirations and the tangible social impacts of a neoliberal economy.
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Scrimgeour, Andrew. "Understanding the nature of performance." Describing School Achievement in Asian Languages for Diverse Learner Groups 35, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 312–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.35.3.05scr.
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While Chinese language learning in Australian schools is characterised by predominantly second language programs for learners who have had no prior exposure to the target language, there is increasing participation by Australian-born children who speak Putonghua (Mandarin) or another dialect at home. Curriculum and assessment frameworks and syllabuses at senior secondary level have responded to the diversity in learner background through the provision of separate curricula and assessment schemes for different learner groups based on country of birth, prior educational experience and languages used at home. However the impact of learner background on learning and achievement as learners progress through Chinese language programs both in primary and secondary school remains under-researched. In particular, evidence of how the performance of second language learners differs from that of learners who a) speak the language at home and b) may have substantial community schooling experience beyond the school classroom, or c) were born and initially educated in Chinese, is very limited. This paper reports on the results of the Student Achievement in Asian Languages Education (SAALE) Project (Scarino et al., 2011; Scarino, this issue and Elder, Kim & Knoch, this issue) with regard to student achievement in Chinese. It focuses on the writing performance of Year 10 learners of Chinese and considers specifically the impact of language background by comparing performances between Australian-born students who do and do not speak Chinese at home. Scores assigned to students’ writing gathered on common test procedures confirms the expectation that background language learners perform at significantly higher levels and suggests that the two groups also differ in the nature of that performance. The implications of this data for the teaching, learning and assessment of Chinese in schools, and for the appropriate provision of programs for these different groups of learners is discussed.
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Arkoudis, Sophie, and Kristina Love. "Imagined communities in senior school mathematics." Chinese Students: Perspectives on their social, cognitive, and linguistic investment in English medium interaction 18, no. 1 (May 9, 2008): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.18.1.05ark.
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In a highly mobile and globalized educational market, Australian secondary schools attract increasing numbers of international students, the majority of whom are from China (Australian Education International, 2007). Most of these Chinese international students undertake two years of senior secondary education in this English medium context as a step towards entry to Australian tertiary institutions, but their increasing heterogeneity in terms of linguistic and academic ability is resulting in increasing frustrations for them and their subject teachers alike (Arkoudis & Love, 2004; Love & Arkoudis, 2006). This paper explores the language and learning needs of Chinese international students in one popular senior school subject, Specialist Mathematics, using student and teacher interviews focusing on a written examination. The interviews were examined through two theoretical lenses, that of Norton’s (2001) imagined communities and van Langenhove & Harre’s (1999) positioning theory, in order to explore how the imagined communities of the students and their teacher influence their investment in the teaching and learning context. The analysis highlights that the teacher and students’ actions and identities are influenced by their different imagined communities, which affect their motivation and investment in their current community of the Specialist Maths class.
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Hua, Myna. "Effectiveness of a Resource on the Australian Health Care System among the Sydney Chinese-Speaking Community." Promotion & Education 9, no. 3 (September 2002): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175797590200900303.
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Lake, Marilyn. "The Chinese Empire Encounters the British Empire and Its “Colonial Dependencies”: Melbourne, 1887." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341258.
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AbstractIn 1887 Qing Imperial Commissioners General Wong Yung Ho and U Tsing visited Melbourne as part of an investigative mission to enquire into the treatment of Chinese imperial subjects in Southeast Asia and the Australian colonies. In this article I suggest that the political ramifications of their visit should be understood in the context of the larger imperial and national contestations occurring in the colony of Victoria in the 1880s. White colonial assertions of the rights of self-government — argued in defiance of imperial power both British and Chinese — and Chinese appeals to international law were antagonistic, but mutually constitutive claims. The more Chinese community leaders and the Imperial Commissioners appealed to the primacy of international law, the more strident were white colonial invocations of a newly defined national interest couched in a republican discourse on national sovereignty defined as border protection.
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Mascitelli, Bruno, and Mona Chung. "Australia-China and Stern Hu." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2011010102.
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China’s economic growth over the last decade has been spectacular and Australia has been a beneficiary of this growth in terms of China’s demand for resources and the strength of Chinese exports. Pundits even suggest that Australia avoided the global recession as a result of this strong trade relationship. Trade relations between Australia and China resulted in China becoming Australia’s key trading partner. The arrest and charging in 2009/10 of four Rio Tinto executives (including Stern Hu the head of Rio’s operation in China) based in China raised fears of posing a strain on this vital economic relationship. Moreover China’s inability to takeover Rio Tinto and the significance and consequences of this incident are at the core of this paper. How do these events reflect the uncertainties of doing business in China or do these events demonstrate China’s sovereign right to enforce anti-corruption legislation? While China has embraced the international business community, to what extent has the arrest and imprisonment of Stern Hu changed the Australian-China trade relations including doing business in this thriving and buoyant market?
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White, Lesley, and Christiane Klinner. "Medicine use of elderly Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants and attitudes to home medicines review." Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, no. 1 (2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10099.
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There is a paucity of research into the perceptions of elderly Australian ethnic minorities towards public health services related to quality use of medicines. Among the six fastest growing ethnic groups in Australia, the Mandarin-speaking Chinese and Vietnamese constitute the largest elderly populations with poor English skills. This paper investigates the relationships of elderly Chinese and Vietnamese migrants with medicines, general practitioners and pharmacists, and how these relationships influence their awareness and attitudes of the home medicines review (HMR) program. Two semi-structured focus groups were held with a total of 17 HMR-eligible patients who have never received a HMR, one with Chinese and one with Vietnamese respondents, each in the respective community language. Confusion about medications and an intention to have a HMR were pronounced among all participants although none of them had heard of the program before participating in the focus groups. Respondents reported difficulties locating a pharmacist who spoke their native language, which contributed to an increased unmet need for medicine information. The Chinese group additionally complained about a lack of support from their general practitioners in relation to their medicine concerns and was adamant that they would prefer to have a HMR without the involvement of their general practitioner. Our results indicate a distinct HMR need but not use among elderly Chinese and Vietnamese eligible patients with poor English skills. Home medicines review service use and perceived medication problems are likely to improve with an increasing availability of bilingual and culturally sensitive health care providers.
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Hu, Jie, and Zhiqiang Wang. "Exploring the associated factors of elevated psychological distress in a community residing sample of Australian Chinese migrants." Australian Journal of Psychology 68, no. 2 (June 2, 2015): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12099.
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Macgregor, Paul. "Chinese Political Values in Colonial Victoria: Lowe Kong Meng and the Legacy of the July 1880 Election." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 135–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341257.
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AbstractLowe Kong Meng (Liu Guangming 劉光眀, 1831-1888),1 pre-eminent merchant and community leader of gold-rush Melbourne, was active in Australian politics, self-regarded as a British subject yet engaged with the Qing dynasty and was likely the first overseas Chinese awarded rank in the Chinese imperial service. Victoria’s mid-1880 election was a watershed: the immediate aftermath was the re-introduction of regulations penalising Chinese, after over 15 years of free immigration and no official discrimination. After the election it was claimed that Lowe Kong Meng persuaded Victoria’s Chinese to vote for the government, but was it in his interests to do so? This article examines the nature of Lowe Kong Meng’s engagement in European and Chinese political activity in the colony, as well as the extent of his leadership in Chinese colonial and diasporic life and explores how much he could have used that leadership to influence electoral outcomes. The article also examines how Lowe Kong Meng and the wider Chinese population of the colony brought changing political agendas to Victoria and developed these agendas through their colonial experiences.
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Karidakis, Maria, Robyn Woodward-Kron, Riccardo Amorati, Bei Hu, Anthony Pym, and John Hajek. "Enhancing COVID-19 public health communication for culturally and linguistically diverse communities: An Australian interview study with community representatives." Qualitative Health Communication 1, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/qhc.v1i1.127258.
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Background: Public health crises present challenges for providing accessible, timely, and accurate health information to culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. Aim: The aim of this qualitative project was to explore strategies used by CALD community organizations to improve communication about COVID-19 for their communities; we also aimed to identify gaps and challenges. Methods: We interviewed 16 representatives from Greek, Italian, and Chinese CALD organizations in Melbourne, Australia. The interviews were analyzed thematically. Results: Community leaders played a significant role in engaging their community members with accurate key health information. There were differences between language communities about preferred channels for receiving information. As the pandemic intensified, there was a shift from written communication to more interactive exchanges between authorities and community leaders. Discussion: The findings suggest effective public health communication is enhanced by the mediation and outreach strategies adopted by CALD community organizations; further, stakeholders need to be cognizant of heterogeneity of needs and preferences. This may optimize information dissemination to meet specific needs. Conclusions:The CALD organizations have developed communication strategies involving different kinds of mediation to reach specific sub-groups, especially the most vulnerable. These strategies can inform future public health engagement.
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Jacobs, Sue-Ellen, and Susan Landgraf. "Female Sexuality and Growth:The Sexual Contract. ;Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980's.;Aboriginal Adolescence: Maidenhood in an Australian Community." Anthropology Humanism Quarterly 16, no. 3 (September 1991): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ahu.1991.16.3.116.
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Chen, Hualin, Chong Pei, and Xiangyan Yuan. "A Multi-Aperture Scintillation Sensor for Dome A, Antarctica." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S288 (August 2012): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312017073.
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AbstractSite-testing measurements by the Australian group has already shown that Dome C on the Antarctic plateau is one of the best ground-based astronomical sites. Furthermore, Dome A, the Antarctic Kunlun Station, as the highest point on Antarctic inland plateau, where a Chinese Antarctic scientific expedition team first reached in 2005, is widely predicted to be an even better astronomical site by the international astronomical community. Preliminary site-testing carried out by the Center for Antarctic Astronomy (CAS) also confirms Dome A as a potential astronomical site. Multi-aperture scintillation sensors (MASS) can measure the seeing and isoplantic angle, the turbulence profile, etc., which are very important site-testing parameters that we urgently need. The MASS site testing at Dome A is presented here, and includes the method of processing data and the hardware for the extreme conditions of Dome A, Antarctica.
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Yun, Andrew, Yuan Luo, Hanny Calache, Yan Wang, Ivan Darby, and Phyllis Lau. "Diabetes and Oral Health (DiabOH): The Perspectives of Primary Healthcare Providers in the Management of Diabetes and Periodontitis in China and Comparison with Those in Australia." Healthcare 10, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061032.
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Diabetes and periodontal disease are highly prevalent conditions around the world with a bilateral causative relationship. Research suggests that interprofessional collaboration can improve care delivery and treatment outcomes. However, there continues to be little interprofessional management of these diseases. DiabOH research aims to develop an interprofessional diabetes and oral health care model for primary health care that would be globally applicable. Community medical practitioners (CMPs), community health nurses (CNs), and dentists in Shanghai were recruited to participate in online quantitative surveys. Response data of 76 CMPs, CNs, and dentists was analysed for descriptive statistics and compared with Australian data. Health professionals in China reported that, while screening for diabetes and periodontitis, increasing patient referral and improving interprofessional collaboration would be feasible, these were not within their scope of practice. Oral health screening was rarely conducted by CMPs or CNs, while dentists were not comfortable discussing diabetes with patients. Most participants believed that better collaboration would benefit patients. Chinese professionals concurred that interprofessional collaboration is vital for the improved management of diabetes and periodontitis. These views were similar in Melbourne, except that Shanghai health professionals held increased confidence in managing patients with diabetes and were more welcoming to increased oral health training.
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Schermuly, Allegra Clare, and Helen Forbes-Mewett. "Police legitimacy: perspectives of migrants and non-migrants in Australia." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-08-2018-0025.
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Purpose This paper is drawn from a larger study investigating community perceptions of police legitimacy in the Monash Local Government Area (LGA), in the Australian state of Victoria. Monash had seen declining results in the official government survey in the indicators that assessed police legitimacy over the preceding decade. The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of both migrant and non-migrant participants to understand the role of migrant status in influencing assessments of police legitimacy in Monash LGA. Design/methodology/approach Through six focus groups, 18 interviews and one e-mail response with 31 individuals, perceptions of Victoria Police among the communities of Monash were collated and analysed. Findings One of the key findings of the study was that ethnic diversity and/or migrant status of community members were a key factor raised in response to questions about community perceptions of the legitimacy of Victoria Police in Monash LGA. Demographic change had been significant in Monash LGA over the preceding decade, including increasing ethnic diversity in the population and a shift in migration patterns from predominantly European to migrants from East and South Asia. In this paper, the authors suggest that the migrant status of Monash residents was a key factor that both migrant and non-migrant participants thought influenced perceptions of the police. Accordingly, because migrants make up a significant cohort of Australia’s population, we afford due attention to this previously overlooked topic. Practical implications The practical implications of this paper are as follows: existing Victoria Police partnerships in the Monash community should be continued and expanded where possible; Victoria Police should also prioritise partnerships with large, new migrant communities, for example, Monash’s Chinese communities; orientation for new migrants to Victoria around the criminal justice system, including Victoria Police, would help new migrants be more aware of their rights and what to expect of law enforcement in their new host country; police should continue to increase representation of ethnic diversity in the force via recruitment of greater numbers of ethnically diverse police members. Originality/value Although there have been previous Australian studies on migrant status as a factor in perceptions of criminal justice (see Murphy and Cherney, 2011, 2012; Hong Chui and Kwok-Yin Cheng, 2014), the paper identifies a distinct narrative around migrants’ views of Victoria Police which the authors believe warrant further investigation using an example from a local context. Furthermore, most research in this field has been quantitative. The current study provides additional new insights through an in-depth qualitative approach.