Journal articles on the topic 'Australian attitudes'
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Fabian, Megan C., Amelia S. Cook, and Julie M. Old. "Attitudes towards wildlife conservation." Australian Zoologist 40, no. 4 (January 2020): 585–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2019.017.
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People's attitudes towards the conservation of Australian wildlife is of particular importance as the types of attitudes people hold can have a significant impact on conservation solutions. We investigated attitudes held towards Australian wildlife and conservation solutions. A sample of 312 residents participated in an online questionnaire. An ‘ecoscientistic’ attitude was the most commonly held attitude, highlighting that wildlife are appreciated for the role they play within our ecosystem. There was a significant association between age and attitude towards Koala Phascolarctos cinereus and Crownof-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci conservation and a significant association between socio-economic status and attitude towards Brush-turkey Alectura lathami conservation. Most participants agreed that action should be taken towards wildlife conservation in the future. Conservation managers and other key stakeholders need to capitalise on this information to increase public support for Australian wildlife, and encourage conservation action. Significant associations between attitude and some sociodemographic characteristics were observed, however more research between attitude and sociodemographic associations is recommended, including in other regions of Australia and internationally.
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Jennings, Piangchai S., David Forbes, Brett Mcdermott, Gary Hulse, and Sato Juniper. "Eating Disorder Attitudes and Psychopathology in Caucasian Australian, Asian Australian and Thai University Students." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (February 2006): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01761.x.
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Objective: To examine eating disorder attitudes and psychopathology among female university students in Australia and Thailand. Method: Participants were 110 Caucasian Australians, 130 Asian Australians and 101 Thais in Thailand. The instruments included the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). Results: Eating disorder attitudes and psychopathology scores in the Thai group were found to be highest. The Asian Australian group did not have significantly higher scores on the EAT-26 than the Caucasian Australian group, but had higher scores in some subscales of the EDI-2. That the Thai group had the highest scores in susceptibility to developing an eating disorder and eating disorder psychopathology may be partially explained in sociocultural terms, with pressure to be thin more extreme in Thailand than in Australia. The evidence suggested that unhealthy eating disorder psychopathology is not limited to Western societies but is already present in Thai and other Asian societies.
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Kamp, Alanna, Oishee Alam, Kathleen Blair, and Kevin Dunn. "Australians’ Views on Cultural Diversity, Nation and Migration, 2015-16." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v9i3.5635.
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Between July and August 2015, and in November 2016, the Challenging Racism Project team conducted an online survey to measure the extent and variation of racist attitudes and experiences in Australia. The survey comprised a sample of 6001 Australian residents, which was largely representative of the Australian population. The survey gauged Australians’ attitudes toward cultural diversity, intolerance of specific groups, immigration, perceptions of Anglo-Celtic cultural privilege, and belief in racialism, racial separatism and racial hierarchy. In this paper we report findings on respondents’ views on cultural diversity, nation and migration. The majority of Australians are pro-diversity. However, we also acknowledge conflicting findings such as strong support for assimilation and identification of ‘out groups’. The findings paint a complex picture of attitudes towards cultural diversity, nation and migration in Australia. The attitudes reflect contradictory political trends of celebrated diversity, triumphalist claims about freedom, alongside pro-assimilationist views and stoked Islamophobia. This is within the context of a stalled multicultural project that has not sufficiently challenged assimilationist assumptions and Anglo-privilege.
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Diallo, Ibrahima. "Attitudes of Australian Muslims and Australian Wider Community Towards Muslim Institutions." TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society 4, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v4i1.5830.
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Abstract Islamic (community) schools and mosques are extremely important sites for religious education, language and culture maintenance and religious rituals and practices for a large number of Muslim Australians, These institutions remained significant and symbolic of Islamic identities despite rampant anti-Muslim sentiments: attacks and threats against Muslim institutions (mosques and Islamic schools) and individual members of the Muslim community and negative media portrayal. Despite these hostilities and tensions, a case study conducted in Adelaide and Darwin shows that the Muslim community holds the view that the attitudes of Australian wider community toward their institutions are mixed with more positive than negative attitudes for which they blamed the media. Abstrak Beberapa sekolah (komunitas) dan tempat peribadatan Islam merupakan bagian yang sangat penting untuk pendidikan keagamaan, pelestarian bahasa dan budaya, dan praktik keagamaan bagi hampir semua masyarakat muslim di Australia. Beberapa Rutinitas seperti ini masih signifikan dan menjadi simbol identitas bagi seorang muslim terlepas dari sikap sentimentil terhadap kaum muslim yang merajalela: seperti serangan dan ancaman terhadap institusi muslim (masjid dan sekolah islam), individu muslim itu sendiri dan penggambaran negatif terhadap islam itu sendiri. Terkait permusuhan dan ketegangan yang sedang terjadi saat ini, sebuah studi kasus yang dilakukan di Adelaide, dan Darwin mengemukakan bahwa komunitas muslim masih berpandangan bahwa sikap masyarakat Australia secara luas terhadap institusi mereka bercampur dengan sikap yang lebih positif daripada sikap negatif dari apa yang ditujukan oleh media. How to Cite : Dialo, I. (2017). Attitudes of Australian Muslims and Australian Wider Community Towards Muslim Institutions. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 4(1), 1-12. doi:10.15408/tjems.v4i1. 5830. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v4i1.5830
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Deeming, Christopher. "Classed attitudes and social reform in cross-national perspective: a quantitative analysis using four waves from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783316632605.
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This article attempts to forge new links between social attitudes and social policy change in Australia. Drawing on four survey waves of international social survey data and using multivariable regression analysis, this article sheds new light on the determinants of Australian attitudes towards the welfare state in a comparative perspective. It examines their variations across time and social groupings and then compares Australian welfare attitudes with those found in other leading western economies. While there is popular support for government actions to protect Australian citizens in old age and sickness, views about social protection and labour market policy for the working-age population are divided. The comparative analysis and the focus on class-attitude linkages allows for further critical reflection on the nature of social relations and recent social reforms enacted by the Liberal-National coalition government.
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Powell, Anastasia, and Kim Webster. "Cultures of gendered violence: An integrative review of measures of attitudinal support for violence against women." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 51, no. 1 (October 27, 2016): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865816675669.
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National and international research has repeatedly identified the specific gendered nature and context of women’s victimisation of violence, whereby women are disproportionately victims of sexual and partner violence and overwhelmingly at the hands of known male perpetrators. As such, violence against women warrants a targeted and substantial focus, within overall violence reduction and prevention efforts. In the Australian policy context, there is an emerging and influential focus on attitudes towards violence against women as key targets for primary prevention and as foci for monitoring progress in reducing this violence. The Australian National Community Attitudes Towards Violence Against Women Survey was established to estimate community-level understanding of and attitudes towards violence against women. It has arguably evolved into an important instrument both for monitoring shifts in Australians’ knowledge and attitudes, as well as for directing primary prevention efforts. The purpose of this article is to provide an integrative review in relation to one of the key dimensions of the national community attitudes survey: violence supportive attitudes (see Webster et al., 2014). Here, we seek to identify patterns in defining and measuring attitudes that support violence against women, as well as advance the field by offering recommendations for progressing the measurement of violence supportive attitudes in Australia in the future.
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Anderson, Fay. "Chasing the Pictures: Press and Magazine Photography." Media International Australia 150, no. 1 (February 2014): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415000112.
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For over a century, press and magazine photography has influenced how Australians have viewed society, and played a critical role in Australia's evolving national identity. Despite its importance and longevity, the historiography of Australian news photography is surprising limited. This article examines the history of press and magazine photography and considers its genesis, the transformative technological innovations, debates about images of violence, the industrial attitudes towards photographers and their treatment, the use of photographs and the seismic recent changes. The article argues that while the United States and United Kingdom influenced the trajectory of press and news photography in Australia, there are significant and illuminating differences.
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Roberts, Lynne D., Caroline Spiranovic, and David Indermaur. "A country not divided: A comparison of public punitiveness and confidence in sentencing across Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 44, no. 3 (December 2011): 370–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865811419059.
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Changes to sentencing legislation are often introduced or justified on the basis of satisfying public opinion. If sentencing policy is a reflection of public opinion we should see a concordance between different sentencing policies and public opinion. This paper provides a comparison between Australian States and Territories in terms of two key measures of public attitude concerning sentencing: confidence in sentencing and punitiveness. These results are based on acomprehensive telephone survey ( N = 6005) of Australian adults which utilized a stratified random sample of households from the Electronic White Pages. It was found that there were only minor differences in the key measures of public attitude despite the notable differences between the States and Territories of Australia with respect to sentencing policy. Differences in public attitudes across jurisdictions were small, accounting for less than 2 per cent of variation in confidence in sentencing and punitive attitudes scores. In addition, despite the predicted moderately negative association between confidence in sentencing and punitiveness, neither of these variables was related in any systematic way to jurisdictional differences in imprisonment rates. The major implication of these findings is that the wide differences in sentencing practice and policy between jurisdictions in Australia are not linked to differences in public attitudes, supporting Beckett's (1997) argument that sentencing policy is better understood as a function of political initiative rather than a direct articulation of public attitude.
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Leung, Cynthia, and Jenni Rice. "COMPARISON OF CHINESE-AUSTRALIAN AND ANGLO-AUSTRALIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 30, no. 3 (January 1, 2002): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.3.251.
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This study examined the environmental behavior and attitudes of Chinese-Australians, in comparison with Anglo-Australians, using a survey methodology. Two hundred and three Anglo-Australians and 98 Chinese-Australians participated. The results indicated that Chinese-Australians and Anglo-Australians differed in their environmental concern and their endorsement of New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) values. The results also suggested that, overall, environmental behavior was related to environmental concern, which was in turn related to NEP values. Among the Chinese-Australians, length of residence in Australia was positively related to environmental behavior but negatively related to environmental concern. Chinese-Australians who identified themselves as Asians or Chinese were less likely to engage in environmental behavior, compared with those who did not identify themselves with any ethnic group. Results are interpreted from within an acculturation framework.
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Farley, Florence, and Elke Stracke. "Exploring a possible relationship between the attitude of experienced English learners towards Australian English and their L2 motivation." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 42, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 224–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.18053.far.
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Abstract This paper investigates a possible relationship between the motivation and attitude of learners towards L2 in the socio-cultural context of Australia. We used an explanatory mixed-methods approach and conducted a survey with 31 international postgraduate TESOL students at a regional university in Australia. Then we conducted semi-structured interviews with six of the students. The survey results suggest a relationship between the way a learner viewed Australian English and their motivation towards L2. The motivational factors were Ideal L2 Self, Linguistic Self Confidence, Cultural Interest, Instrumentality (Promotion) and Ought-to L2 Self. While all contributed to varying degrees in motivating the learners towards L2 learning, only the first three interacted significantly with learners’ attitudes towards Australian English. Further, our interview data highlight that the attitude of the learners with regard to their favorite language variety was based more on Australian English’s Inner Circle status than its linguistic characteristics.
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McPhedran, Samara, Angela R. Gover, and Paul Mazerolle. "A cross-national comparison of police attitudes about domestic violence: a focus on gender." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 40, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-06-2016-0083.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first goal is to conduct a cross-national examination of law enforcement officer attitudes about domestic violence (DV) by comparing officer attitudes in the USA to officer attitudes in Australia. The second goal is to examine law enforcement officer attitudes about DV using a gender lens to identify whether patterns in attitudes among male and female officers in the USA are similar to those among Australian male and female law enforcement officers. Design/methodology/approach The current study involves a comparative analysis of DV attitudes in two different countries (the USA and Australia). Officers in the USA were asked to indicate their level agreement with 28 attitudinal statements about DV. The Australian survey adapted the Gover et al. (2011) instrument by including 24 of the 28 attitudinal statements. The survey followed a mixed-methods design with both quantitative and qualitative components. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine whether attitudes varied by country and gender of the responding officers. Analyses of attitudinal questions and categorical variables (e.g. gender) were conducted using t-tests. Findings According to survey data gathered from police officers in Colorado (USA) and Queensland (Australia), male and female officer attitudes within each country are more similar than different. When comparing the overall sample of American officer attitudes to Australian officer attitudes, they significantly differ about half the time. Research limitations/implications The Australian survey had a considerably low response rate, and therefore it cannot be stated with certainty whether the responses given are truly representative of the views of Australian officers as a whole, although the demographic characteristics of the sample were comparable with the overall police population demographics. Another limitation is that not all demographic and background variables were collected by both surveys. For example, the US survey asked about officers’ ethnicity, while the Australian survey did not, and the Australian survey asked about how many DV jobs officers attended per month, while the US survey did not. Practical implications Improving knowledge about police attitudes towards DV can help to inform future policy or practice implementation, as well as training programmes and better overall responses to the pervasive and ongoing problem of DV internationally. Originality/value This is a unique and original piece of research as it is a partial cross-national replication of an existing survey. This work does have the potential for great impact in understanding and developing innovative law enforcement responses to DV. In developing such responses officer attitudes need to be considered and integrated into the response, as their opinions will guide the support of future interventions.
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Fan, Cynthia, and Wally Karnilowicz. "Attitudes Towards Mental Illness and Knowledge of Mental Health Services Among the Australian and Chinese Community." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 2 (2000): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00017.
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The study aimed to examine the attitudes toward mental illness and knowledge of mental health services among Anglo-Australian and Chinese-Australian adults. Participants included 105 Anglo-Australians and 129 Chinese-Australians. Participants were requested to complete a questionnaire on attitudes toward mental illness and knowledge of mental health service available in the community. The results indicated that there was a significant ethnic difference in attitudes towards mental illness. Chinese-Australians endorsed authoritarian, restrictive attitudes towards people with mental illness and interpersonal etiology more than Anglo-Australians. There was also a significant difference in attitudes towards mental illness due to the amount of contact with people with mental illness. The more contact the participants had with people with mental illness, the less they endorsed authoritarian, and restrictive attitudes toward people with mental illness. Though there was a non-significant difference in knowledge of mental health services due to ethnic origin or amount of contact with people with mental illness, there were ethnic differences in the type of mental health services preferred. Among Chinese-Australians, age was positively related to knowledge of services for acute and chronic cases of mental illness. Implications for community mental health education programs are discussed.
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Brookman, Ruth P., and Karl KK Wiener. "Predicting punitive attitudes to sentencing: Does the public's perceptions of crime and Indigenous Australians matter?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 50, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865815620702.
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In English-speaking western cultures the punitive attitudes towards law-breakers is well documented. The present study examines the utility of predictors of punitive attitudes with online survey data obtained from a convenience sample of 566 Australian residents. After controlling for demographic variables, the study examines the utility of two theoretical models; the Crime–distrust model and the Racial–animus model, in predicting punitive attitudes. All three factors of the Crime–distrust model significantly predict punitive attitudes. The study extends the current literature through identifying the significance of negative perceptions of Indigenous Australians in predicting punitive attitudes to sentencing. Results suggest that community perception of Indigenous Australians is a significant predictor of punitive attitudes in addition to factors of the Crime–distrust model. Future research using a more representative sample of the Australian population is recommended to increase the confidence with which findings are interpreted.
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Khan, Safiyya, and Anne Pedersen. "Black African Immigrants to Australia: Prejudice and the Function of Attitudes." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.2.116.
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AbstractIn recent years there has been an increase in Black African immigrants to Australia; however, there is no social psychological research that directly examines community attitudes towards this group. Here, the findings of a community survey in Western Australia are reported using data collected from 184 Australian participants. We were particularly interested in prejudiced attitudes and the function of attitudes towards Black African immigrants. On prejudice, a reliable and valid instrument measuring attitudes towards Black African immigrants was constructed. On functions, the most frequently reported function of attitude was ‘value-expressive’ (‘My attitudes give expression to my values’), followed by experiential-schematic (‘Helps me to make sense of the world’) and indirect experiential-schematic (‘Media, friends and family help me to make sense of the world’). While there was no significant difference between immigrant-accepting versus immigrant-rejecting participants on the value expressive or the experiential schematic functions, rejecting participants scored higher on the indirect experiential schematic function, highlighting the salience of second-hand information. The participants' most important reason for potentiallychangingtheir own attitudes towards Black African immigrants, however, were direct experience (experiential-schematic), followed by values (value expressive) and indirect experience (indirect experiential-schematic), two functions that were equally important. Qualitative open-ended interviews about attitudes converged with these themes, and added ‘integration’ by assimilating Australian culture, and not being involved in criminal activities (which highlights again a role for the media). We discuss these findings and derive a clear direction for anti-prejudice strategies at community and government levels.
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Trounson, Justin S., Christine Critchley, and Jeffrey E. Pfeifer. "Australian Attitudes Toward Asylum Seekers: Roles of Dehumanization and Social Dominance Theory." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 10 (November 19, 2015): 1641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.10.1641.
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We employed a theoretical model of dehumanization to identify the factors influencing attitudes toward asylum seekers within an Australian context. Specifically, we hypothesized that Australians high in social dominance orientation (SDO) would be more likely than those low in SDO to dehumanize asylum seekers. Participants (N = 311) completed an online survey designed to assess SDO, their attitudes and emotions toward asylum seekers, and their tendency to engage in dehumanization. Results indicated that the model can be successfully applied to an Australian context and that dehumanization played a significant role in influencing our participants' attitudes toward asylum seekers. Findings are discussed in terms of future research as well as policy implications for Australian immigration issues.
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Davis, Jenny. "Stigma, separation, sorrow: leprosy in Australia." Microbiology Australia 41, no. 4 (2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma20051.
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Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) was introduced to Australia in the mid-1800s and its story reflects the attitudes of the 19th and 20th centuries, with treatment including segregation, paternalism, and racism. The approaches taken within the Australian states were similar and based on isolating people affected by leprosy, as both a measure to assist the patient but, more importantly, to protect the European society. The most devastating effects of this introduced disease and these approaches were on Indigenous Australians. With the advent of effective antimicrobials, isolation practices were slowly replaced with community-based treatment. However, the term ‘leper’ still evokes negative images in Australian society today.
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Griffin, Lynn, Steven Griffin, and Michelle Trudgett. "At the Movies: Contemporary Australian Indigenous Cultural Expressions – Transforming the Australian Story." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 47, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.15.
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Cinema is an art form widely recognised as an agent to change the social condition and alter traditional norms. Movies can be used to educate and transform society's collective conscience. Indigenous Australian artists utilise the power of artistic expression as a tool to initiate change in the attitudes and perceptions of the broader Australian society. Australia's story has predominately been told from the coloniser's viewpoint. This narrative is being rewritten through Indigenous artists utilising the power of cinema to create compelling stories with Indigenous control. This medium has come into prominence for Indigenous Australians to express our culture, ontology and politics. Movies such as Samson and Delilah, Bran Nue Dae, The Sapphires and Rabbit-Proof Fence for example, have highlighted the injustices of past policies, adding new dimensions to the Australian narrative. These three films are just a few of the Indigenous Australian produced films being used in the Australian National Curriculum.Through this medium, Australian Indigenous voices are rewriting the Australian narrative from the Indigenous perspective, deconstructing the predominant stereotypical perceptions of Indigenous culture and reframing the Australian story. Films are essential educational tools to cross the cultural space that often separates Indigenous learners from their non-Indigenous counterparts.
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Piggford, Tegan, Maria Raciti, Debra Harker, and Michael Harker. "The Influence of Residence on Young Adult Attitudes toward Healthy Eating." Social Marketing Quarterly 14, no. 2 (May 27, 2008): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000802034689.
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Like other Western countries, Australia too reports record numbers of overweight and obese individuals with young Australian adults in a particularly high-risk position. It is suspected that the transition from dependent living in the family home to independent living during young adulthood influences food choice. As such, this study sought to investigate if attitudes toward healthy eating varied by the place of residence (dependent or independent) of these young adults. Using a self-administered questionnaire, quantitative data from 310 Australians between the ages of 18 to 24 years found that young adults who lived independently displayed a significantly more positive attitude toward healthy eating than those who remained in the family home. Furthermore, we found that a significant, positive relationship between attitude toward healthy eating and the number of recommended serves consumed in both independent and dependent living arrangements. Being an unexplored area, these findings are novel and provide valuable insights for the implementation of an inducement process for planned social change as well as informing the education and motivation elements of intervention strategies.
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Laughland-Booÿ, Jacqueline, Zlatko Skrbiš, and Bruce Tranter. "Narratives of nationhood: Young Australians’ concepts of nation and their attitudes towards ‘boat people’." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783317704991.
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In Australia, questions surrounding national identity often feature in public discussions on asylum seekers. Using qualitative interview data collected from 40 participants in an ongoing study of young people in Queensland, we explore the connections between young people’s understandings of Australian national identity and their attitudes towards ‘boat people’. We identify distinct points of interconnection and disjuncture between participants’ notions of being ‘Australian’ and their thoughts on how Australia should respond to asylum seekers. With respect to the asylum seeker debate, we find narratives of Australian nationhood are flexible in interpretation and can serve contrasting and competing functions.
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Chang, Joshua, Antonio Travaglione, and Grant O’Neill. "Job attitudes between unionized and non-unionized employees." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 25, no. 4 (September 4, 2017): 647–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-06-2016-1034.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study job attitudes between unionized and non-unionized employees in Australia as recent research on attitudes among unionized employees has centred on topics such as attitudes towards unionization and involvement, but not on work-related attitudes. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a data set of over 5,000 responses from the Australia at Work survey. Ten attitudinal survey questions adapted from the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey and the Australian Survey of Social Attitudes were used to compare work-related attitudinal differences between unionized and non-unionized employees. Findings Findings show that unionized employees perceive less manager–employee consultation, health and safety, dispensability, time flexibility, workload flexibility, managerial trust, fair treatment and pay equity. Originality/value Not much is known about the attitudinal differences between unionized and non-unionized employees, given the paucity of research on unionist job attitudes. Recent research in this area has centred on employee attitudes towards unionization and involvement as opposed to studying work-related attitudes. The findings can help the management predict behavioural responses between unionized and non-unionized employees for improved decision making.
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Everett, James E., and Leland V. Entrekin. "Changing attitudes of Australian academics." Higher Education 27, no. 2 (March 1994): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01384089.
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Grigg, Kaine, and Lenore Manderson. "Developing the Australian Racism, Acceptance, and Cultural-Ethnocentrism Scale (RACES)." Educational and Developmental Psychologist 32, no. 1 (April 20, 2015): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2015.7.
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Existing Australian measures of racist attitudes focus on single groups or have not been validated across the lifespan. To redress this, the present research aimed to develop and validate a measure of racial, ethnic, cultural and religious acceptance — the Australian Racism, Acceptance, and Cultural-Ethnocentrism Scale (RACES) — for use with children, adolescents and adults. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 30 adolescents in Victoria, Australia, to develop the instrument, which was pilot tested with eight children. The novel 34-item scale consists of three subscales (Accepting Attitudes — 12 items; Racist Attitudes — 8 items; Ethnocentric Attitudes — 4 items) and a 10-item measure of social desirability. The instrument was tested with 296 Victorian school children, 182 adolescents and 120 adults from the Australian community, with data modelled and analysed utilising classical test theory and item response theory. Estimates of internal consistency reliability and factorial, construct, convergent and discriminant validity support the measure. The instrument is the first general attitudinal measure of racial, ethnic, cultural and religious acceptance to be designed and scientifically validated within the Australian context. RACES can be utilised across the lifespan to evaluate attitudes towards all racial, ethnic, cultural and religious groups. RACES has potential to be widely utilised to evaluate anti-racism and pro-diversity interventions implemented within schools and throughout the community, enabling the development of a strong evidence base for initiatives to reduce community levels of racism. However, future research is needed to confirm the psychometric properties and establish the temporal stability of the scale prior to dissemination throughout Australia.
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Harper, Shannon, Angela Gover, Samara McPhedran, and Paul Mazerolle. "Assessing cross-national differences in police officers' domestic violence attitudes." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 3 (May 4, 2020): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-12-2019-0197.
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PurposeComparative research provides a mechanism to understand how justice systems throughout the world operate. McPhedran et al. (2017) conducted a comparative examination of police officer attitudes about domestic violence (DV) in the USA and Australia and reported fairly high levels of agreement among male and female officers within each country. The current study builds on these findings by examining officer attitudes toward DV among male and female officers cross-nationally. This was accomplished by examining whether American and Australian male and female officers agree with one another on a number of DV issues.Design/methodology/approachTwo-way ANOVA was used to examine the effect of two factors (gender and country) on law enforcement officer attitudes about DV.FindingsThe results suggest that male and female officers from the USA and Australia significantly differ on 14 of 24 attitudes about DV with the greatest number of attitudinal differences found between American and Australian male officers.Research limitations/implicationsScholars who conduct future research examining police officer attitudes about DV should use the instrument from this study as a springboard to develop an updated survey in terms of content and one that would be applicable to cross-national analyses. Methodological study limitations are described in depth in McPhedran et al. (2017).Originality/valueWhile gender differences in attitudes have received scholarly attention, questions remain regarding the degree to which attitudes align among male and female officers across different countries. The current study seeks to fill these gaps in knowledge by examining attitudes about DV between American and Australian law enforcement officers.
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MOSOLOVA, Olga V. "DEMOGRAPHICS SITUATION IN AUSTRALIA: REALITY AND FORECASTS." Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, no. 3(56) (2022): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-3-3-56-194-203.
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Demographics situation in Australia determinates by internal and foreign migration floods, as well by natural increment of population. Australia is a multinational country, therefore the solution of demographics problem is important part of the government policy. Before the pandemic COVID-19 the growth rates of Australian population was higher than in the most developed countries. The main factor of population growth in the years before the pandemic was foreign migration. The population of Australia is the association of the people with rich variety in culture, linguistics and religious attitudes. The most of Australians is the immigrants or the posterity of the immigrants. Introduction of international frontier restrictions in times of pandemic led to the reduction of migrant’s flow, as well to the deceleration of Australian population growth rates. Like this, results of pandemic to a great extent changed demographics situation in the country. As far as to further demographics development of Australia, forecasts shows, that in a future population growth rates must restore, since together with the opening of international frontiers starts the return of provisional and constant migrates. In opinion of experts, in a future migration questions also will be important element of Australian demographics policy.
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Stewart, Grant D., and Mohamed H. Khadra. "The continuing medical education activities and attitudes of Australian doctors working in different clinical specialties and practice locations." Australian Health Review 33, no. 1 (2009): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090047.
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Background: Currently, it is not clear which continuing medical education (CME) methods are being used by senior doctors and what their attitudes towards them are. The aims of this study were to investigate which modes of CME delivery senior Australian doctors utilise, to assess doctors? attitudes towards CME and to determine any differences in modes used and attitudes between clinical specialties and practice locations. Methods: A 52-statement questionnaire enquiring about doctors? current CME activities and their attitudes towards CME was distributed to 1336 senior Australian doctors. Results: 494 doctors responded to the questionnaire. Traditional forms of CME (eg, meetings, conferences, journals and lectures) were most commonly used. Doctors thought CME involving face-to-face interaction was superior to electronic forms of CME. All doctors, especially those in hospital practice, had a positive attitude towards CME but found lack of time a barrier to learning. Rural doctors found CME sessions more difficult to attend than did their metropolitan colleagues. Conclusions: Traditional forms of CME were more popular than modern CME approaches, such as e-learning. Australian doctors had a positive attitude towards undertaking CME despite struggling to find time to perform CME. The differences in attitudes towards CME demonstrated between specialties and different practice location will aid future CME planning.
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Perales, Francisco, and Gary Bouma. "Religion, religiosity and patriarchal gender beliefs: Understanding the Australian experience." Journal of Sociology 55, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318791755.
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This study examines diversity in how different religious groups and people with different levels of religiosity see the value and roles of women in Australian society through an examination of their gender beliefs. This addresses a significant gap in knowledge in the Australian scholarship in religious diversity and the impact of religion in family life. Understanding the relationships between religious identity and patriarchal gender attitudes is critical to understanding certain contemporary social problems, such as the links between religion and domestic violence, and devising appropriate intervention. The analyses rely on high-quality panel data from a national sample, the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Identifying with a religion is associated with stronger patriarchal attitudes, but there is remarkable heterogeneity in attitudes across religious groups. Higher religiosity is associated with stronger patriarchal beliefs. Differences in patriarchal beliefs between religious and non-religious people in Australia increased between 2005 and 2015.
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Bean, Clive. "Testing the precepts of republican political theory against citizen attitudes, beliefs and practices." Journal of Sociology 37, no. 2 (June 2001): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/144078301128756265.
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Quite apart from the constitutional debate over whether Australia should become a republic, republican political theory has recently experienced something of a revival in the Australian context through the work of Philip Pettit in the Reshaping Australian Institutions Project at the Australian National University. This article outlines the fundamental assumptions of this version of republican theory and then proceeds to test them empirically with sample survey data which explore citizen attitudes, beliefs and practices on these questions. The results indicate that the tenets of republication theory are widely accepted by the Australian public, but that this endorsement does not translate strongly into behavioural outcomes. The article concludes with a discussion of why this might be the case and of the wider implications of these findings.
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Bomba, David, Kurt Svardsudd, and Per Kristiansson. "A comparison of patient attitudes towards the use of computerised medical records and unique identifiers in Australia and Sweden." Australian Journal of Primary Health 10, no. 2 (2004): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py04024.
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This article compares the attitudes of Australian and Swedish patients towards the use of computerised medical records and unique identifiers in medical practices in Australia and Sweden. A Swedish translation of an Australian survey was conducted and results were compared. Surveys were distributed to patients at a medical practice in Sweden in 2003 and compared to the results of an Australian study by Bomba and Land (2003). Results: Based on the survey samples (Australia N=271 and Sweden N=55), 91% of Swedish respondents and 78% of Australian respondents gave a positive appraisal of the use of computers in health care. Of the Swedish respondents, 93% agreed that the computer-based patient record is an essential technology for health care in the future, while 86% of the Australian respondents agreed. Overwhelmingly, 95% of Swedish respondents and 91% of Australian respondents stated that the use of computers did not interfere with the doctor-patient consultation. Both groups preferred biometric identification as the method for uniquely identifying patients but differed in their preferred method to store medical information - a combination of central database and smart card for Australian respondents and central database for Swedish respondents. This analysis indicates that patient attitudes towards the use of computerised medical records and unique identifiers in Australia and Sweden are positive; however, there are concerns over information privacy and security. These concerns need to be taken into account in any future development of a national computer health network.
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Callan, Victor J., and Cynthia Gallois. "Sex-Role Attitudes and Attitudes to Marriage Among Urban Greek-Australian and Anglo-Australian Youth." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 16, no. 3 (October 1985): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.16.3.345.
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Bhattacharyya, Asit. "Managerial attitude and support for social responsibility through the lens of legitimacy theory – a cross country comparison." Social Responsibility Journal 10, no. 4 (September 30, 2014): 716–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-08-2012-0089.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is threefold; first, to examine the Australian and Indian managerial attitudes towards social responsibility (SR) and assess their support for SR; second, to explore the underlying factors that shape beliefs and attitudes; and third, to explore whether respondents from these countries, characterised by differing levels of development, differ in their attitudes towards SR. Design/methodology/approach – It investigates attitudes and support for SR of 318 Australian and Indian managers drawn from three industries. Eighteen social issues, principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) procedures were undertaken to explore and confirm the underlying factors of SR. The paper used legitimacy theory as theoretical framework. Findings – An overall positive attitude towards SR is shown by the both groups. Indian respondents are concerned about a greater range of social issues than Australian respondents. Australian participants strongly supported a few issues surrounding SR, whereas Indian respondents strongly supported these and other issues. Significant (at 0.00 level) differences do exist between the two groups of managers on attitudes towards various social issues. Research limitations/implications – The questions used in the survey do not represent the entire framework on which attitudes towards SR are formed. Moreover, culture was not explicitly explored as a possible factor in the study. Originality/value – The study provides a comparative analysis of the SR from the developed and developing economy perspective. Using organisational legitimacy theory the study analyse managerial attitudes with regard to maintaining pragmatic and moral legitimacy.
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Ewart, Jacqui. "Changing Newsroom Culture by Putting Readers First: How Australian Journalists Reacted to a Corporate Change Program." Media International Australia 125, no. 1 (November 2007): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0712500104.
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This article explores the attitudes of journalists towards the introduction of a corporate-change program in the newsrooms of 14 regional daily newspapers in Australia. It draws data from a survey of journalists working for one of Australia's largest regional media corporations, Australian Provincial Newspapers. The article examines the journalists' attitudes towards the change effort, a year and a half after its introduction. The program had two over-arching aims. The first was to bring about a change in the relationship between journalists and their communities; the second was to get the journalists to use more ‘real’ or ordinary people as news sources. The study found that support for the corporate-change program remained high in the 18-month period between its introduction and the survey.
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Ewart, Jacqui. "Changing Newsroom Culture by Putting Readers First: How Australian Journalists Reacted to a Corporate Change Program." Media International Australia 125, no. 1 (November 2007): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812500104.
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This article explores the attitudes of journalists towards the introduction of a corporate-change program in the newsrooms of 14 regional daily newspapers in Australia. It draws data from a survey of journalists working for one of Australia's largest regional media corporations, Australian Provincial Newspapers. The article examines the journalists ‘attitudes towards the change effort, a year and a half after its introduction. The program had two over-arching aims. The first was to bring about a change in the relationship between journalists and their communities; the second was to get the journalists to use more ‘real’ or ordinary people as news sources. The study found that support for the corporate-change program remained high in the 18-month period between its introduction and the survey.
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Brown, Ted, Brett Williams, Shapour Jaberzadeh, Louis Roller, Claire Palermo, Lisa McKenna, Caroline Wright, et al. "Predictors of attitudes to e‐learning of Australian health care students." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17581184201000006.
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Computers and computer‐assisted instruction are being used with increasing frequency in the area of health science student education, yet students’ attitudes towards the use of e‐learning technology and computer‐assisted instruction have received limited attention to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate the significant predictors of health science students’ attitudes towards e‐learning and computer‐assisted instruction. All students enrolled in health science programmes (n=2885) at a large multi‐campus Australian university in 2006‐2007, were asked to complete a questionnaire. This included the Online Learning Environment Survey (OLES), the Computer Attitude Survey (CAS), and the Attitude Toward Computer‐Assisted Instruction Semantic Differential Scale (ATCAISDS). A multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the significant predictors of health science students’ attitudes to e‐learning. The Attitude Toward Computers in General (CASg) and the Attitude Toward Computers in Education (CASe) subscales from the CAS were the dependent (criterion) variables for the regression analysis. A total of 822 usable questionnaires were returned, accounting for a 29.5 per cent response rate. Three significant predictors of CASg and five significant predictors of CASe were found. Respondents’ age and OLES Equity were found to be predictors on both CAS scales. Health science educators need to take the age of students and the extent to which students perceive that they are treated equally by a teacher/tutor/instructor (equity) into consideration when looking at determinants of students’ attitudes towards e‐learning and technology.
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Smith, David T., Katie Attwell, and Uwana Evers. "Majority acceptance of vaccination and mandates across the political spectrum in Australia." Politics 40, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263395719859457.
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The Australian government has recently introduced some of the strictest vaccination mandates in the world. In light of international studies warning that public opposition to vaccination mandates could undermine public consensus about the value of vaccination, we conduct an original study of more than 1000 Australians on attitudes towards both vaccination and mandates. We find that, in contrast to similar studies in the United States and the United Kingdom, support for both vaccination and mandates is very high, with no significant opposition from any political subgroup. Apart from attitudes towards vaccination itself, there appears to be no separate attitudinal dimension that generates political opposition to vaccination mandates in Australia. This shows the importance of national political context in debates about vaccination policy.
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J. N. Drummond, Murray, Tom A. Laws, and Jelena Poljak-Fligic. "Knowledge of and Attitudes towards Prostate Cancer among Italo-Australian Men." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 3 (2001): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01040.
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Information surrounding the treatment of prostate cancer is not clearly defined by medical science. Consequently, health professionals are divided with respect to the most appropriate method of screening and detection. The assumption that if health professionals are not clear, what are the perceptions of Australian males in terms of prostate cancer detection and treatment options? Further, what does it mean to men from non-Australian cultures with language and cultural barriers impacting on choices and decisions relating to health? (Laws et al., 2000). This paper provides insight into the lives of 20 Italo-Australian men. It attempts to draw on their perceptions and understandings of prostate cancer and prostate cancer awareness from their unique perspectives. It will highlight some of the significant issues with respect to being an Italian born man living in Australia and how this impacts on health issues, and specifically prostate cancer awareness. The intention of this paper is to provide in-depth qualitative data to emphasise Italo-Australian men?s health perspectives and experiences.
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Colvin, R. M., and Frank Jotzo. "Australian voters’ attitudes to climate action and their social-political determinants." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): e0248268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248268.
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Australia is a relative laggard on climate policy, amidst social and political fractures despite rising support for climate policy in opinion polls. In the 2019 Australian federal election, which was dubbed the ‘climate election’, the opposition campaigned on comparatively ambitious climate action but the government was returned on a status quo policy. We explore the social-political determinants of climate attitudes and how they are positioned in relation to voting behaviour, in the context of the 2019 election. We use a large nationally representative survey of Australian voters (n = 2,033), and employ univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression models to uncover correlates. We find that a large majority of voters think it is important for Australia to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the importance given to emissions reductions is sharply divided along lines of political party preference. Holding pro-climate action attitudes consistently correlates with voting for progressive political parties and having higher levels of education. We also find a strong age cohort divide, with younger people holding stronger pro-climate attitudes than older people, raising the question whether we are seeing the emergence of a new generation expressing strong pro-climate action and progressive political attitudes that will persist over time. We conduct population ageing scenarios to project changes to public opinion, by age group, into the future. These indicate that strong support for climate action would increase by about four percentage points over the coming decade as younger voters replace the old, if attitudes within cohorts remained fixed. We conclude that while cleavages in climate attitudes in Australia are set to continue, efforts to promote climate delay are bound to have a limited shelf life as a growing majority of voters accepts the need for climate action.
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Markus, Andrew. "Australian Attitudes to Immigration and Multiculturalism." Annual review of sociology 2016, no. 29 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2016.1.
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Kippen, Rebecca, Ann Evans, and Edith Gray. "Australian attitudes toward sex-selection technology." Fertility and Sterility 95, no. 5 (April 2011): 1824–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.11.050.
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Ferguson, Monika, James Dollman, Martin Jones, Kathryn Cronin, Lynne James, Lee Martinez, and Nicholas Procter. "Suicide Prevention Training – Improving the Attitudes and Confidence of Rural Australian Health and Human Service Professionals." Crisis 40, no. 1 (January 2019): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000524.
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Abstract. Background: Suicide rates are higher in rural and remote areas of Australia compared with major cities. Aim: To evaluate the impact of a brief, community-based suicide prevention educational intervention on the attitudes and confidence of rural South Australian health and human service professionals. Method: Participants attended a 1-day suicide prevention education program, and completed a survey at four time points: baseline (T1), immediately pretraining (T2), immediately posttraining (T3), and 4-month follow-up (T4). Main outcome measures were self-reported attitudes and confidence when working with people vulnerable to suicide. Results: A total of 248 people attended the training, with 213 participants completing the survey at T1, 236 at T2, 215 at T3, and 172 at T4. There were significant improvements in 11 of the 14 attitude items between T2 and T3 (immediate change), and between T1 and T4 (maintained change). Further, there were significant improvements in all four confidence items between T2 and T3, and T1 and T4. Limitations: Despite the repeated-measures design, findings are limited by the lack of a control group. Conclusion: Findings extend the international evidence by indicating the value of brief suicide prevention education for improving health and human service professionals' attitudes and confidence in rural Australia.
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Dixon, Kathryn. "Staff and Student Attitudes towards Career Education." Australian Journal of Career Development 2, no. 1 (March 1993): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629300200105.
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The main purpose of the study was to investigate the attitudes of staff and students at a Western Australian metropolitan high school towards the Vocational Education program, by examining the factors affecting the development of those attitudes and those affecting the implementation of the program at the school. Vocational Education in Western Australia is synonymous with Career Education in other Australian States and the term Career Education is used throughout this paper. With respect to the formation of attitudes towards Career Education, the study proposed that in the school context, influential areas were significant others, past experiences, individual personalities and information. The research is descriptive in nature. The staff and students were asked to complete a questionnaire and were formally interviewed. A measure of the non-verbal behaviour of staff and students during the interviews was also undertaken using a five-point scale from negative to positive. The sample consisted of 14 staff and 240 students. The main findings of the study showed that the majority of the staff and students had developed negative attitudes towards Career Education. They believed the course lacked rigour and that significant others such as peers, parents, students and the Western Australian Ministry of Education did not esteem Career Education. No needs analysis had been conducted prior to the introduction of the course in the school and staff were given no choice as to their involvement in teaching the units. Staff believed they were inadequately trained in the Career Education area and this led to low levels of confidence in teaching the course.
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Nguy, Linda, and Caroline J. Hunt. "Ethnicity and bullying: A study of Australian high-school students." Educational and Child Psychology 21, no. 4 (2004): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2004.21.4.78.
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Bullying is a widespread problem of concern to many educators and psychologists. Globally however, there is a paucity of literature examining ethnic variables in the context of bullying. This is an important area of study, particularly for those responsible for implementing bullying interventions, with societies becoming increasingly diverse in their ethnic composition. To explore the effects of ethnic variables in bullying, this study focuses on the relationship of ethnicity and ethnic identification with bullying behaviour and bullying attitudes. Australian high-school students (N= 478) from different ethnic backgrounds were surveyed using the Attitude to Victim Scale, Attitude to Bullying Scale, Peer Relations Questionnaire and the Multi-group Ethnic Identity Measure-Affirmation/Belonging Subscale. Results indicate that ethnic factors influence some bullying behaviours and attitudes to a small but significant extent. No ethnic differences were observed for incidence of bullying involvement or victimisation, although frequency of group bullying involvement was influenced by strength of ethnic identification as a function of sex. Ethnicity and sex differentiated students’ attitudes toward bullying, with more pronounced sex differences among ethnic majority students. Ethnic minority students placed greater importance on attributes proposed as consequences of bullying, compared with ethnic majority students. Irrespective of ethnicity, students felt that their school was concerned about addressing the problem of bullying and no ethnic differences were identified for attitudes toward bullying interventions. This study demonstrates the complex relationship between ethnic variables and bullying and discusses the need, in future, for a more sophisticated exploration of ethnic variables in the context of bullying.
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Willis, Renee S., Emma J. Dunston-Clarke, Leah R. Keating, Patricia A. Fleming, and Teresa Collins. "Australian Livestock Export Industry Workers’ Attitudes toward Animal Welfare." Animals 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051411.
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Understanding live export industry workers’ attitudes and beliefs toward animal welfare can provide insight into their decision-making processes and likely behavior. Industry workers (n = 265) with various roles within the supply chain were surveyed from different global regions. Participants were divided into ten categories according to their industry roles and compared using ordinal regression. Respondents were highly likely to have a positive attitude toward animal welfare; the majority of workers enjoyed working with livestock (95.8%) and agreed that livestock should be treated with respect (97.7%). Workers demonstrated a strong understanding of animal welfare concepts, 168 respondents (63.4%) provided examples of ways they had improved animal welfare in their workplace, and 164 workers (61.9%) suggested ways that animal welfare could be improved further. Most workers (95.8%) agreed that animal welfare was satisfactory in their workplace. Five out of the 24 multiple-choice responses differed significantly by the participant’s industry role, but no particular group displayed consistently divergent beliefs or attitudes. Given the community concern regarding animals in the livestock export supply chain, it is imperative to understand the attitudes of industry personnel who are responsible for the daily management of the animals. This knowledge assists in the development of animal welfare policy and can inform strategies to manage public perception.
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Aechtner, Thomas, and Jeremy Farr. "Religion, Trust, and Vaccine Hesitancy in Australia." Journal for the Academic Study of Religion 35, no. 2 (July 22, 2022): 218–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jasr.22476.
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Religion has been identified as a potential driver of vaccine hesitancy. Nevertheless, the connections between religion and immunisation refusal can be complex, while there is a deficit of research exploring religion and vaccination doubts in Australia. With that in mind, this study considers Australian vaccine hesitancy with respect to religion and trust by analysing the 2018 Australian Survey of Social Attitudes and the Australian dataset of the 2018 Wellcome Global Monitor. Statistical analyses reveal no significant correlations between religion and vaccine hesitancy, while participants with negative vaccine attitudes identify that they do not have religious reasons for being vaccine hesitant. Nonetheless, a higher proportion of respondents with negative vaccine attitudes self-identify as religious or spiritual and maintain pro-religious views. It was also found that negative vaccine attitudes are correlated with unfavourable perceptions of both Jews and Muslims. Notably, religious self-identification divides two main groups of vaccine hesitant participants, described as Religious Conservatives and Nonreligious Progressives. These groups diverge on sexual ethics and social concerns, as well as around whether they trust in science as opposed to religion, while differing in their perceptions of Jews. What unites these vaccine hesitant participants, however, is a mutual lack of trust in government and scientists.
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Ryan, Josephine. "Another Country: Non-Aboriginal Tertiary Students' Perceptions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 25, no. 1 (April 1997): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100002568.
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Even though Aboriginal people are from Australia it does not mean they speak the English language (non-Aboriginal tertiary student).Jo Lampert's (1996) research discussed in her articleIndigenous Australian perspectives in teaching at the University of Queenslandspeaks volumes about the challenges of attempting to make university curricula inclusive of Indigenous Australian perspectives. She documents the often ambivalent attitudes of academics towards opening up the curriculum to Indigenous Australians. The research discussed here seeks to add to our understanding of this process, focussing this time on the response of students to the introduction of Australian Indigenous perspectives into a single unit within a Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Teaching program. The impetus to reflect on the process came with the shock of reading student papers, written at the end of the unit, and finding that effective communication about the educational needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples did not seem to have taken place, making a closer analysis of the teaching/learning process imperative. This investigation will address questions abouthowuniversities can communicate effectively about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
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Lee, Jackie. "Attitudes towards disputable usages among Australian teachers and students." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.25.1.06lee.
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Abstract Some previous studies (eg Watson, 1978; Collins, 1979) have found that while Australian teachers are sensitive to traditional prescriptions such as the use of whom rather than who in object function, and between you and me rather than between you and I, Australian students accept language variation more readily. This paper aims to examine whether Australian teachers nowadays still display more conservative attitudes towards disputable usages than their students. Data were collected via several elicitation tests. In the first survey, 34 Australian English teachers and 54 Australian high school students were invited to participate in a judgement test. In the second survey, 73 Australian teachers and 207 Australian students were presented with a slot-filling test and a proofreading test. The findings showed considerable differences between teachers and students towards disputable usages. Australian teachers had a higher tendency to reject and replace items such as different than, these sort and dangling participles. This suggests that tolerance diminishes with involvement in teaching.
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Merga, Margaret K., and Sarah Booth. "Investigating Debates Around Racism in Sport to Facilitate Perspective Transformation in the Secondary English Classroom." Journal of Transformative Education 15, no. 3 (February 9, 2017): 184–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541344617692773.
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The English classroom is a space in which issues of social justice can be explored through texts, using a critical literacy approach. Indigenous Australians have been subject to racist policies throughout postcolonial Australian history, and racist attitudes toward Australia’s original inhabitants prevail. This article suggests that racism in the Australian Football League online discourse community can be addressed in the English classroom, as social media texts in this area provide rich illustration of the prevailing antisocial attitudes thriving both in this community and the broader Australian community. Informed by both critical literacy and transformative learning theory (TLT), this article proposes a learning experience to facilitate perspective transformation in a secondary classroom. This experience draws on TLT to construct an experience incorporating introspection, stimulating awareness, reflection, and action. This experience is proposed in the hope that reticence to directly challenge antisocial views in the classroom may be overcome.
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Jacobs, Nathan I., Mark Montebello, Lauren A. Monds, and Nicholas Lintzeris. "Survey of Australian psychiatrists’ and psychiatry trainees’ knowledge about and attitudes towards medicinal cannabinoids." Australasian Psychiatry 27, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856218803675.
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Objective: To assess Australian psychiatrists’ and psychiatry trainees’ knowledge about and attitudes towards medicinal cannabinoids, given the recent relaxation of cannabinoid-prescribing laws in Australia. Method: All Australian members of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists were invited to participate in an anonymous, 64-item online questionnaire, through Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists’ newsletters. The questionnaire ran for a 10-week period from March to May 2017. Participants were asked about their knowledge of the evidence for and against prescribing pharmaceutical-grade cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol, and their concerns about prescribing medicinal cannabinoids. Results: In total, 88 doctors responded to the survey, with 55 completing all items (23 psychiatrists, 32 trainees). Overall, 54% of respondents would prescribe medicinal cannabinoids if it was legal to do so. Participants believed there was evidence for the use of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in treating childhood epilepsy, chronic pain, and nausea and vomiting. They were most concerned about medicinal cannabinoids leading to psychotic symptoms, addiction and dependence, apathy and recreational use. Conclusions: Our sample of Australian psychiatrists and trainees were aware of the main clinical indications for medicinal cannabinoids, but were poor at differentiating between the indications for cannabidiol versus tetrahydrocannabinol. Further education about medicinal cannabinoids appears necessary.
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Dodd, Shannon. "The Punitive Woman? Gender Differences in Public Attitudes Toward Parole Among an Australian Sample." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 10 (November 7, 2017): 3006–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17739560.
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Research exploring gender differences in public attitudes toward parole is limited, despite a large body of literature showing that men and women have diverging views on other criminal justice issues, including capital punishment and offender rehabilitation and treatment. Drawing on an Australian national survey of community views on parole, the current study examines whether men and women differ in their support for the release of prisoners on parole. The results indicate that gender does predict parole attitudes, with Australian women significantly more likely to hold nonsupportive views on parole than Australian men. The results also reveal that women are more likely to take a neutral position toward parole, rather than supporting it. Together, these findings indicate there may be something about being a woman in Australia that prevents one from being willing to support the early release of prisoners. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
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Danaher, P. A. "Travellers Under the Southern Cross: Australian Show People, National Identities and Difference." Queensland Review 8, no. 1 (May 2001): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002385.
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I am writing this paper on 26 January 2001 in the Queensland regional city Rockhampton. This is a public holiday for most Australians, Australia Day in the year of the centenary of Federation for many Australians, and Invasion Day for some Australians. This complex variety of attitudes to a single date encapsulates some of the themes to be explored in this paper.
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Pham, Mai N. "Language attitudes of the Vietnamese in Melbourne." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 21, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.21.2.01pha.
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Abstract This study is an attempt to investigate language attitudes of the older and younger generations of Vietnamese bilingual adults in Melbourne, in relation to their ethnicity in the Australian context and in the light of the historical background of the Vietnamese immigrants in Australia. A survey of 165 Vietnamese bilingual adults and students in Melbourne was carried out to investigate their language use in private and public domains, their appraisal of English and Vietnamese, their attitudes towards Vietnamese language maintenance, acculturation, and the question of their ethnic identity in Australian society. The results of the findings reveal that there is a significant difference between adults and students in various aspects of their language attitudes. Overall their choice of language use in private and public domains varies with situations and interlocutors. Although both groups show positive attitudes towards the appraisal of Vietnamese, the maintenance of Vietnamese language and culture and the retaining of their ethnic identity, what is significant is that students demonstrate stronger positive attitudes than adults. With regard to factors that influence the maintenance of Vietnamese, while adults think that government language policy is the most important factor, students express their confidence in the ability of the Vietnamese themselves to maintain their language.