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1
Mallett, Ross A. History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Australian Army logistics 1943-1945." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38708.
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This thesis examines the logistical support of the Australian Army???s operations in the South West Pacific from January 1943 to August 1945. It begins by examining the strategic context. Succeeding chapters then examine various topics, including doctrine, base development, problems of storage and tropic proofing, inland water transport, road construction, air supply, amphibious operations and the support of combat operations. In this thesis I argue that the Australian Army???s logistical acumen and ability steadily grew with each campaign, resulting in a highly effective military organisation that inflicted a series of crushing defeats on the Japanese.
2
Ropé, Stacey. "Cigarette consumption, "alcoholism" and psychiatric morbidity in the Australian army." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20310.
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3
Cummins, Philip S. A. School of History UNSW. "The digger myth and Australian society : genesis, operation and review." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20672.
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Through a theoretical framework of myth in genesis, operation and review, this thesis evaluates the relationship between Australian society and the myth of the digger, a tradition of Australian military manhood which originated in the First World War. The digger in genesis was a product of early twentieth century Australia???s need to establish for itself a distinct national identity. Deriving strongly from existing mythology of the bushman/pioneer and foster by the work of CEW Bean, it was quickly adopted by both governments and citizens anxious to promote the contributions of the Australian soldiers and to understand the relationships that these had with the emerging Australian society. The digger in operation from the First World War to the end of the Second World War to the early 1960s demonstrates the way in which Australian (enamoured of its simple and seemingly enduring qualities) Embedded the myth at the core of orthodox thinking about national Identity, despite its exclusivity and prescriptive, authoritarian control by conservative institutions. The era of the Vietnam War acted as a key review phase for the myth as its relevance was questioned significantly. Despite temporary rejection from many and fragmentation into a variety of icons, Australia???s brief flirtation with radical thinking did not last beyond the mid-1970s. A return to conservative values in the 1980s-1990s coincided with political reconciliation over the Vietnam War ??? by the mid-1990s, the digger myth had retained its position of relevance and importance within Australian culture, demonstrating its capacity to become adapted and appropriated to reflect an increasingly democratic and pluralistic society. The current prevailing version of the digger, the "new professional", demonstrates the parallel transition of Australian military culture. It co-exist with other representations, providing a scaffold through which individuals interact with it to develop their own understanding of the application of the digger myth to both their own lives and Australian society.
4
Nelson, David G. "Redefining the Australian Army Officer Corps allocation process." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FNelson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Gates, William. ; Hatch, William. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 21, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Retention, Australian Army, Optimization Models, Royal Military College, Officers, Manpower, Corps Allocation, Military Occupational Specialties (MOS) Allocation, MOS retention. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90). Also available in print.
5
Rae, Ruth Lillian. "Jessie Tomlins: An Australian Army Nurse World War One." University of Sydney. Clinical Nursing, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/840.
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There is an abundance of historical and anecdotal material relating to the experiences of the Australian soldier during World War 1. These soldiers were conscious both during and after the war that their contribution was important and that it was recognised as such by Australian society at large. Conversely there is an almost total absence of historical or anecdotal material about the role of the Australian nurse who served during this same conflict. Whether these nurses had the same degree of consciousness, either during or after the war, that their contributions were valued or seen as important by Australian society remains, largely, unknown. This thesis attempts to redress, in part, this absence by telling the story of a nurse, Jessie Tomlins, who served in the Australian Army Nursing Service during this period. At the same time specific aspects of the historical events surrounding World War One will be explored. Jessie Tomlins served, first as a Staff Nurse and later as a Sister, in the 14th Australian General Hospital in Egypt during 1916. At the same time her brother, Fred Tomlins, was already serving in the 1st Australian Light Horse Regiment and spent the entire four years of World War 1 in Palestine and Egypt. At the end of 1916 their younger brother, Will Tomlins, also joined the Army and became a member of the Anzac Mounted Division. The letters, postcards and photographs that Jessie, Fred and Will sent home to their mother and family, as well as Fred's fourteen diaries, form the foundation of this thesis. This thesis provides a meaningful snapshot of one woman from rural Australia who completed her nurse training during the war and then served her country during one of the most brutal periods of humankind. Her own words clearly tell the story of her war time experiences whilst, at the same time, conveying her expectations, prior to, during and after, this event. The development of the Australian Army Nursing Service, as it affected Jessie, over this period is also considered. It will be demonstrated that whilst ordinary men, soldiers, were at the military front line so too were ordinary women, nurses. The thesis will provide support for the contention that the contribution of Australian nurses in World War One, especially that of the ordinary nurse caring for the ordinary soldier, has been poorly recorded and as a result remains under-valued.
6
Rae, Ruth. "Jessie Tomlins an Australian army nurse - World War One /." Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/840.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2001."... The letters, postcards and photographs that Jessie, Fred and Will sent home to their mother and family, as well as Fred's fourteen diaries, form the foundation of this thesis..." -- p. 2. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 23, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
7
Verney, Guy. "The army high command and Australian defence policy, 1901-1918." Thesis, Department of History, 1985. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/8921.2.
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In 1976, the publication of A History of Australian Defence and Foreign Policy, 1901-1923: Volume 1 — The Search for Security in the Pacific, 1901—1914 by Dr Meaney focussed attention on the advice given by professional naval and military staffs to Australian Prime Ministers and defence ministers in the formulation of an Australian defence and foreign policy from 1901 to 1914.
8
Ferndale, Clint, and n/a. "The true worth of TQM to Army - a model for TQM in the Australian Army : prophecy of fallacy?" University of Canberra. Management, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060710.104131.
Full textAbstract:
The philosophy of Total Quality Management (TQM) is
relatively little known in Australia, and does not feature at
policy level in the Australian Army. It has, however, been
adopted by the US Department of Defense (US DoD) and the
Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), and is being investigated
by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).
TQM is analyzed as a theory and as an organizational
concept. This is supported by extensive analysis and case
studies from US and Australian organizations. The public and
private sector organizations examined provide indications of
the worth of TQM, guidance for planning and implementation,
and the facility to learn from the experiences of others. TQM
cannot be undertaken without detailed, organizationally specific
preparation and requires pro-active support from the
highest level of the organization.
This paper examines the TQM philosophy and the Australian
Army and proposes a model for the development of TQM as an
integral part of the organizational function of the Army. The
emphasis is on general management, the level that has the
responsibility for structuring and managing the Army in
support of all Army functions.
Research conducted by elements of the US DoD is analyzed
to indicate applicability to the future requirements of the
Australian Army.
The paper argues that general management in the
Australian Army has been affected by organizational changes
over time. A management philosophy is now needed that will
support, into the 21st Century, the values and roles required
by the Army. TQM provides such a basis, and the proposed TQM
Development Model provides in turn a sound basis for further
examination of TQM by the Army.
9
Stockings, Craig Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The torch and the sword : a history of the army cadet movement in Australia 1866-2004." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39751.
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The aim of this thesis is to provide a general history of the army cadet movement in Australia from 1866 to 2004 by tracing the interactions between four fundamental forces that have stood as its foundation for almost 140 years. In various guises military, educational, social, and financial factors are the pillars on which the cadet movement has always rested. Over time the balance and relative dominance of each has determined the shape and state of the cadet organisation and will continue to do so in the future. When these four forces have been aligned the movement has thrived but when they have pulled in disparate directions it has faltered. Throughout the thesis, contextualising these four key concepts, are two more general themes concerning the influence of conservative politics and a recurring state school/private school divide. The history of army cadets, and therefore this thesis, is an investigation into the interplay of these dynamics. With such a purpose and methodology the thesis begins by tracing the development of the movement from its nineteenth century origins by identifying issues and circumstances that led some colonies to maintain thousands of cadets while others struggled to field any. It goes on to examine the formation, five years after Federation, of a Commonwealth cadet scheme birthed only to be swamped by the era of compulsory military training in Australia from 1911-29 which saw, at its peak, almost 100,000 schoolboys in khaki. The thesis analyses the re-organised voluntary cadet system in place from 1930-38 which, matching the circumstances of the adult army, faltered in numbers and support as it was restructured into dual 'Regimental' and 'School' branches. It goes on to assess the impact of the Second World War and the renewed impetus it provided to the cadet organisation before investigating the prosperity of the movement throughout the 1950s and 1960s in spite of the complexities raised by National Service and Australian involvement in conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, Malaya and Borneo. Particular attention is paid to the early 1970s and the machinations surrounding the unexpected decision to disband the cadet organisation announced by the Labor government on 26 August 1975. The cadet story does not conclude at this point, however, with Vice Regal controversy and a subsequent Liberal-National election victory resurrecting the movement. The re-styled cadet scheme of 1976-83 is investigated followed by twelve years of division and distress under consecutive Labor federal governments between 1984-95. The thesis concludes by examining the reversal of fortunes for the movement from 1996-2004 which saw the cadet system develop, by the end of the period, into a well led, resourced and motivated organisation of almost 17,000 members. The research informing this thesis is based on documents held in National Archives of Australia offices in all state capitals, as well as those held in the Australian War Memorial. In addition, all state public record offices have yielded significant material, as have a wide range of private and school-based archives. More recent primary source information has been gathered from sources within the Department of Defence Archives, Queanbeyan, NSW, while select active and closed files from Headquarters Australian Army Cadets and the Directorate of Defence Force Cadets were graciously provided to the author. The study has also been informed by a wide selection of official, privately published and unpublished secondary sources spanning more than a century.
10
Moss, Tristan Edward. "Guarding the periphery : the Australian army in Papua New Guinea, 1951 - 1975." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155158.
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For twenty-four years Papua New Guinean units were a substantial part of the Australian Army, constituting the only regular force in Papua New Guinea (PNG) during the 1950s, and providing two battalions to secure the border with Indonesia during Confrontation. By 1972, shortly before Papua New Guinean independence, Papua New Guineans made up almost one in ten of the regular soldiers in the Australian Army. Just three years later, these men became the defence force of an independent PNG. Yet, there has been little scholarship that has addressed in detail the development of this force, the experiences of the soldiers within it, and its interaction with both the Australian colonial administration and PNG's independence in 1975. This thesis is the first study of the Australian Army in PNG to make extensive use of archival material and oral histories from both Australia and PNG. In doing so, it seeks to take advantage of under-utilised Papua New Guinean sources as well as the wealth of material that has only recently been released. This thesis explores the development of Papua New Guinean units from a colonial force to the independent Papua New Guinean Defence Force. It finds that while the Papua New Guinean units were initially raised overwhelmingly in the interests of Australian defence, the needs of an independent PNG were increasingly taken into account by the Army to such an extent that they coexisted as a secondary consideration for a significant period, becoming the Army's primary concern during the decade before independence. This thesis also examines the centrality of the treatment of Papua New Guineans to the development of the Army in PNG, showing that the changing perception of this unique group of soldiers shaped their role within the force. Finally, it questions the assumption that the Australian Army remained separate from wider developmental changes occurring in PNG during this period, revealing that the Army prepared for the possibility of Papua New Guinean nationhood even as it was tasked with defending Australia's interests. By examining the history of the Australian Army in PNG, and those who served within it, this thesis broadens our conception of how Australia was defended and of who defended it.
11
Lehmann, Frederick Denis, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Weight load carry : a review of the efficiency and effectiveness of the army backpack." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Lehmann_F.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/663.
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Military load carrying has occupied the attention of military developers, researchers and commanders over centuries. The Army backpack remains the means of carriage for ammunition and rations for the soldier in the field. The traditional rationale for its use has been that the infantry soldier must be able to sustain himself in combat and live independently for days at a time without resupply. At the Royal Military College, Duntroon (RMC), the mission is to produce men and women who are capable and effective officers and soldiers. The weight of the pack with the items required at RMC is often in excess of 40 kg. In evaluating the effectiveness of current practice, this thesis takes an anthropometric perspective in exploring the historical, physiological and social context of current loads carried by Australian soldiers, It does not, however, evaluate the content of the load itself. Research methods include: a/. Systematic examination of past research findings on the social and physiological aspects of military load carrying since the Roman Centurions. b/. Biophysical tesing of nine soldiers, using a battery of physiological tests to determine heart rates and energy expenditure at various loads. c/. A survey of 100 soldiers from the Royal Military College, Duntroon and in-depth interviews with a sample of four experienced soldiers to obtain the views of the load carriers. The research concludes that the optimum approach to load carrying, and so to the design of the Army backpack, is that it be task-and soldier-specific. This runs directly counter to the longstanding Army traditions of preparing all soldiers for every possible contingency in battle and regarding all soldiers as equivalent units. The study findings offer some specific directions in which the design of the army backpack can be improved.Master of Science (Hons)
12
Kidson, Renee Louise. "Army in the 21st Century and Restructuring the Army: A Retrospective Appraisal of Australian Military Change Management in the 1990s." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117069.
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Army in the 21st Century and Restructuring the Army:
A Retrospective Appraisal of Australian Military Change
Management in the 1990s
Abstract:
Army in the 21st Century (A21) and Restructuring the Army (RTA)
were two related force
structure initiatives undertaken by the Australian Army in the
1990s. A21 radically proposed
to abolish traditional divisional/corps structures, fielding
instead independent task forces with
embedded combat arms. The RTA trials tested A21 concepts over
several years; yet
A21/RTA was abandoned in 1999. What happened, why, and what
lessons does A21/RTA
offer?
This retrospective appraisal of A21/RTA is a case study of
attempted transformational change
in the Australian Army. The sub-thesis’ methodology features
interviews with over thirty
senior military, public service, academic and political leaders
of this era; and applies
organisational theory to interpret internal/external dynamics.
A21/RTA faced formidable strategy, resourcing and cultural
challenges. However A21/RTA
failed to achieve critical elements of successful change
management, including: a clear,
shared, credible vision; achieving early successes; providing
enablers (e.g. time and
resources) and supporting efforts for change; senior leadership
buy-in; and political
sponsorship. A21/RTA failed in technical feasibility and cultural
sensitivity terms. However,
A21/RTA successfully developed an evidence-based approach, an
enduring legacy
supporting Army’s capability resourcing in Defence’s
contested budget environment. Lessons
for future restructures focus leadership attention to elements
critical for successful
organisational change, emphasising culture.
13
Thomas, Keith Trevor, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Understanding educational process in leadership development." Deakin University. School of Social and Cultural Studies in Education, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.134710.
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This thesis is a case study of educational process in the leadership development program of the Australian Defence Force Academy. The intention is to determine the relative emphasis in educational process on the conventional command and managerial compliance (Type A) style and the emergent contingent and creative (Type B) style of leadership. The Type A style is theorised as emphasizing hierarchy and control, whereas the emphasis in a Type B style is on adaptive and entrepreneurial behaviour. This study looks at the learning process in a cultural and structural context rather than focus on curriculum and instructional design. Research in this wider context is intended to enable development processes to successfully bridge a gap between theory and practice, implicit in studies that identify theories 'in-operation' as different from the theories 'espoused' (Argyris 1992, Savage 1996).
In terms of espoused and in-use theory, the study seeks to produce a valid and reliable result to the question: what is the relative emphasis on the two leadership styles in the operation of the three educational mechanisms of curriculum, pedagogy (teaching practice) and assessment? The quantitative analysis of results (n = 114) draws attention to both leadership styles in terms of two and three-way relationships of style, cadet or work group and service type. The data shows that both Type A and Type B leadership styles are evident in the general conversation of the organisation. This trend is present as espoused theory in the curriculum of the Defence Academy. However, the data also confirm a clear and strong emphasis towards command and managerial compliance as theory-in-use, particularly by cadets. This emphasis is noticeably evident in the teaching and assessment practice of the Defence Academy. Other research outcomes include the observation that:
Contextually, while studies show it is difficult to isolate skills from their cultural and biographical context (Watkins, 1991:15), this study suggests that it is equally difficult to isolate skills development from this context.
There is a strong task or instrumental link identified by cadet responses in terms of content and development process at the Defence Academy, in contrast to the wider developmental emphasis in general literature and senior officer interviews.
There is a lack of awareness of teaching strategies and development activity consistent with espoused Type B leadership theory and curriculum content. This gap is compounded by the use in the Defence Academy of personnel without teaching expertise or suitable developmental experience.
The socialisation of cadets into the military workplace is the primary purpose of training. This purpose appears taken for granted by all concerned - staff, cadets and senior officers.
Defence Academy development processes appear to be faced with a dilemma. Arguably, training and learning from experience are limited approaches to development. Training, which involves learning by replication, and learning from experience, which is largely imitative, are both of little use when people are faced with novel and ambiguous situations. This study suggests that in order to support the development of capabilities that go beyond training based competence a learning and development approach is needed. This more expansive approach requires educational planners to consider the cultural and social context that can inadvertently promote the status quo in practice over espoused outcomes.
14
Sercombe, Wayne, and n/a. "The review of an innovation process in the Royal Australian Army Educational Corps." University of Canberra. Education, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061108.150734.
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In 1983 there was a dramatic change in the activities of
the Royal Australian Army Educational Corps (RAAEC). From 1965
to 1983, the RAAEC satisfied the educational needs of soldiers in
the Regular Army by conducting the Australian Army Certificate of
Education Class 1 (AACE 1) and the Australian Army Certificate
of Education Class 2 (AACE 2). These courses were originally
designed to parallel civilian secondary school studies, and as a
result, the AACE program's structure, subject range and content
were similar to those of the civilian educational system. This
duplication was so complete that credit towards the AACE
qualifications was granted for secondary school studies at, or
above, Year 9.
In August 1983 the AACE program was replaced by a new
program of Army education. This program consisted of two courses
- Subject 3 Level 1 and Subject 3 Level 2. Whereas the AACE
courses were lengthy and included an extensive range of
subjects, the Subject 3 courses were of relatively short duration
and addressed only literacy and numeracy skills. As this change
was carefully planned and deliberately executed to better satisfy
the educational needs of soldiers, for the purposes of this field
study, it was described as an innovation - the Subject 3
innovation.
The study reported here reviewed the Subject 3 innovation
process. To ensure that the review was comprehensive, the
innovation process was examined from a number of different
perspectives. These included an historical description, an
analysis of the innovation strategy, a review of the curriculum
development tool and decision making, and a determination of the
process necessary to confirm and remediate any deficiencies in
the innovation process.
The outcomes of this review of the Subject 3 innovation
process gave cause to question the validity of many fundamental
characteristics of the Subject 3 courses, e.g. the scope of the
course content, the content validity of the terminal assessment
instruments, and the exit standards of the courses. The field
study concluded that there was an urgent need to conduct a
comprehensive evaluation of the Subject 3 courses to verify and
correct these shortcomings.
15
Nestor, Meredith. "The effect of occupational health and safety regulator intervention on the Australian Army." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/397588.
Full textAbstract:
What is the effect of occupational health and safety regulator intervention on the Australian Army?
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate how Regulator intervention influenced the Australian Army’s behavioural compliance, after changes to OHS legislation, and how outcome performance could be measured. Military members are trained for brinkmanship, to positively navigate the edge between recklessness and risk avoidance, sometimes with catastrophic consequences. The removal of Crown exemption from Commonwealth OHS legislation in 2004 was followed by a series of prosecutions of the Australian Defence Force (ADF), particularly the Australian Army, for death and serious injury in training. This provided a unique opportunity to study what interventions are most effective, how regulator intervention prevents harm, and how that could be measured in a high-risk work environment.
Methods: A literature review identified the most effective interventions were new OHS regulations and regulatory inspections. A model for regulatory intervention was developed, showing regulatory and contextual factors that influence a decision to comply. A case study of the death of Trooper Angus Lawrence from heat stroke in 2004 was undertaken, to determine which factors most influenced behavioural compliance in the Army. The model had to be redesigned into a matrix to show how factors overlap in the real world. Available data sets were reviewed to assess if changes in incident and injury rates could be linked to intervention, and provide a performance measure for the Regulator.
Results: Combined regulatory factors had more influence than contextual factors. The most significant regulatory factors affecting decision making were reduced awareness and perception of relevance, which contributed to a reduced understanding of how to comply at the operational level of decision-making.
Non-regulatory contextual factors were less evident, but more influential at the tactical level, and could be improved by Regulator communication penetrating the Army workplace. Comcare lacked a network to communicate external legislative requirements because ADF members are exempt from consultative arrangements which undermined a key objective of the OHS Act.
The absence of trained uniformed Health and Safety Representatives in the workplace, empowered to stop work, was a key factor. Fear of prosecution and penalties were not influential in decision making. Ability and willingness to comply became evident after a breach was detected and understood.
Comcare did not have access to reliable injury data for the ADF or Army because rehabilitation and compensation arrangements were historically complicated, and Defence members are not included in key national data sets. The frequency and severity of data on heat illness in the Defence incident data base was not considered reliable, therefore the effect of changes to the OHS Act on performance outcomes could not be measured.
Conclusions: The effect of OHS regulator intervention on the Australian Army could not be reliably measured. Changes to the OHS Act in 2004 were not associated with improvements in regulatory administration or behavioural compliance in the Army, and regulator performance could not be reliably measured. This thesis questions if Defence Declarations and Exemptions from consultative arrangements are still relevant, or if they create unintended liability for military commanders.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Arts Research (MARes)
School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc
Arts, Education and Law
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Smeaton, Jason James. "Nurse or not? Voluntary aids and the Australian Army Medical Women’s Service during the Second World War : Organisational identity and the value of women’s work." Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2022. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/4f90d8f1c41241e0979ec864ff61895f451da922b29040fe14d5b6901dfb5aa8/4077641/Smeaton_2022_Nurse_or_not_Voluntary_aids_and.pdf.
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This thesis explores the under represented cohort of Australian servicewomen who worked in historically female dominated roles – those being based in care and humanitarian related fields, such as nursing and domestic duties. Studies of Australian servicewomen have approached the cohort as a monolithic group with little regard given to their backgrounds, including their education, work experience, and their geography. This thesis forensically investigates the complexity and multi layered category that is Australian servicewomen during the Second World War – a cohort that changes dramatically over the course of the war. Using feminist, labour and women’s history as its foundations, this research analyses the identities and experiences of the women who served as Voluntary Aids (VAs) and members of the Australian Army Medical Women’s Service (AAMWS) during the Second World War.
Two key lines of enquiry are pursued in this work. The first is to trace the educational and organisational challenges the VAs/AAMWS faced, and the opportunities afforded them, including the transition of the women’s service as VAs into the paid and khaki-clad military auxiliary service – the AAMWS. The other is to uncover the relationships and tensions that existed between the auxiliary service and the trained nurses, both organisationally and as individuals. These two areas of focus are brought together to interrogate the myth that VAs/AAMWS wanted to be nurses, questioning how this myth was shaped by and for the members of the auxiliary service. The identity and role of the nursing aid during the war, and their relationship with the nursing profession is the primary focus of this research as it questions how the military, governments, and the nursing profession challenged, shaped, and progressed the work and skill of the servicewomen of the VAD/AAMWS. In doing so, this thesis offers a new understanding of the role of the VAs/AAMWS, the war’s effect on women’s work, and it illuminates a new picture of how women shaped the war and how the war shaped women.
This thesis argues that Australian women’s service during the Second World War contributed to the economy and efficiency of the nation’s effort and their work holds significance without comparison or emphasis of men’s experiences which have dominated the historical narrative. But this research also suggests that while the politics that surrounded women’s labour shifted encouragingly during the war, attitudes also took a retrograde step. This thesis shows that the professional identity of VAs/AAMWS and the value of their work was assigned to them by others. While members of the service demonstrated skill and proficiency, it was the military, governments, and trained medical and nursing professionals that determined the place, albeit constantly changing, of the VA/AAMWS. At the junction of two male-dominated spheres—the hospital system that gave power to male doctors, and the military—the understanding of VAs/AAMWS was foremost as women and only secondarily as workers. Where at once women’s work received recognition and approval by those including military doctors and nurses, there was little to separate the narratives of their service peddled by governments from gendered stereotypes historically used to characterise the nurse, the wife, and the mother.
17
bm, jgarstang@bermudasun, and Edward John Garstang. "Crime and punishment on the Western Front: the Australian Imperial Force and British Army discipline." Murdoch University, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090831.143148.
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The Australian Imperial Force in the First World War had a deserved reputation as an effective fighting force, and at the same had the worst disciplinary record away from the frontline when compared with other Dominion forces and the rest of the British Army. Australian indiscipline is a subject that has been largely ignored, or when dealt with as in the Official History by C. E. W. Bean, has had to pass through the filter of the Australian Legend. This study examines the link between Australian indiscipline and the privileged position they held of being the only force immune from the death penalty, except for mutiny, desertion to the enemy and traitorous activity. This simple fact would have a major influence on the relatively high numbers of absentees and desertions within Australian ranks. General Headquarters in France (GHQ) saw these high levels of indiscipline as a direct result of Australian authorities not allowing their soldiers to be placed under the Army Act in full. Further differences surfaced between the British and Australians when it came to punishment, with Australian courts criticised by British Army authorities for not using the powers they possessed to impose penalties that would act as a deterrent, as well as their reluctance to impose Field Punishment No. 1. This study examines these general differences as well as dealing with a specific case of an Australian soldier charged with the murder of a French civilian, a case that attracted the attention of senior political and military figures when it transpired Australians were immune from the death penalty for murder. Maintaining discipline was a constant struggle for the authorities when faced with those determined to avoid frontline duty either by committing military crime or through self-maiming. In this context the high venereal disease rate is discussed and evidence presented that this could be considered as a self-inflicted wound. The mutiny in the 1st Battalion of September 1918 is examined as well as a mutiny in a military prison in France in 1919. It is not the purpose of this study to tarnish the reputation of the many thousands of brave men who fought in the AIF, rather it is an attempt to understand the high levels of indiscipline within the context of the war on the Western Front and the disciplinary code under which they operated.
18
Garstang, Edward John. "Crime and punishment on the Western Front: the Australian Imperial Force and British Army discipline." Thesis, Garstang, Edward John (2009) Crime and punishment on the Western Front: the Australian Imperial Force and British Army discipline. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/728/.
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The Australian Imperial Force in the First World War had a deserved reputation as an effective fighting force, and at the same had the worst disciplinary record away from the frontline when compared with other Dominion forces and the rest of the British Army. Australian indiscipline is a subject that has been largely ignored, or when dealt with as in the Official History by C. E. W. Bean, has had to pass through the filter of the Australian Legend. This study examines the link between Australian indiscipline and the privileged position they held of being the only force immune from the death penalty, except for mutiny, desertion to the enemy and traitorous activity. This simple fact would have a major influence on the relatively high numbers of absentees and desertions within Australian ranks. General Headquarters in France (GHQ) saw these high levels of indiscipline as a direct result of Australian authorities not allowing their soldiers to be placed under the Army Act in full. Further differences surfaced between the British and Australians when it came to punishment, with Australian courts criticised by British Army authorities for not using the powers they possessed to impose penalties that would act as a deterrent, as well as their reluctance to impose Field Punishment No. 1. This study examines these general differences as well as dealing with a specific case of an Australian soldier charged with the murder of a French civilian, a case that attracted the attention of senior political and military figures when it transpired Australians were immune from the death penalty for murder. Maintaining discipline was a constant struggle for the authorities when faced with those determined to avoid frontline duty either by committing military crime or through self-maiming. In this context the high venereal disease rate is discussed and evidence presented that this could be considered as a self-inflicted wound. The mutiny in the 1st Battalion of September 1918 is examined as well as a mutiny in a military prison in France in 1919. It is not the purpose of this study to tarnish the reputation of the many thousands of brave men who fought in the AIF, rather it is an attempt to understand the high levels of indiscipline within the context of the war on the Western Front and the disciplinary code under which they operated.
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Garstang, Edward John. "Crime and punishment on the Western Front: the Australian Imperial Force and British Army discipline." Garstang, Edward John (2009) Crime and punishment on the Western Front: the Australian Imperial Force and British Army discipline. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/728/.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian Imperial Force in the First World War had a deserved reputation as an effective fighting force, and at the same had the worst disciplinary record away from the frontline when compared with other Dominion forces and the rest of the British Army. Australian indiscipline is a subject that has been largely ignored, or when dealt with as in the Official History by C. E. W. Bean, has had to pass through the filter of the Australian Legend. This study examines the link between Australian indiscipline and the privileged position they held of being the only force immune from the death penalty, except for mutiny, desertion to the enemy and traitorous activity. This simple fact would have a major influence on the relatively high numbers of absentees and desertions within Australian ranks. General Headquarters in France (GHQ) saw these high levels of indiscipline as a direct result of Australian authorities not allowing their soldiers to be placed under the Army Act in full. Further differences surfaced between the British and Australians when it came to punishment, with Australian courts criticised by British Army authorities for not using the powers they possessed to impose penalties that would act as a deterrent, as well as their reluctance to impose Field Punishment No. 1. This study examines these general differences as well as dealing with a specific case of an Australian soldier charged with the murder of a French civilian, a case that attracted the attention of senior political and military figures when it transpired Australians were immune from the death penalty for murder. Maintaining discipline was a constant struggle for the authorities when faced with those determined to avoid frontline duty either by committing military crime or through self-maiming. In this context the high venereal disease rate is discussed and evidence presented that this could be considered as a self-inflicted wound. The mutiny in the 1st Battalion of September 1918 is examined as well as a mutiny in a military prison in France in 1919. It is not the purpose of this study to tarnish the reputation of the many thousands of brave men who fought in the AIF, rather it is an attempt to understand the high levels of indiscipline within the context of the war on the Western Front and the disciplinary code under which they operated.
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Cook, Benjamin M. "Using a second-price auction to set military retention bonus levels an application to the Australian Army." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FCook.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Gates, William R. ; Coughlan, Peter J. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 29, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93). Also available in print.
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Moremon, John Clifford History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "A Triumph of improvisation : Australian Army operational logistics and the campaign in Papua, July 1942 to January 1943." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38751.
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This thesis examines the Australia Army???s campaign on Papua from July 1942 to January 1943 with the focus on logistic support of the fighting arms and the relation of logistics to the tactics of tropical jungle warfare. It begins by examining the traditional approach to logistics in the military profession - the experience of Australian officers and forces in particular - from the First World War until May 1942, when the Australian territory of Papua was invaded. It establishes that the Army was poorly prepared because, as well as having never anticipated a prolonged land campaign in Papua-New Guinea, it lacked the logistic resources and knowledge of logistics as applicable to tropical jungle warfare. It then proceeds to examine the retreat over the Kokoda Track and the turning-point battles for Milne Bay and Imita Ridge. It demonstrates that the principal factor in the Australian retreat was logistic failure, as geography and lack of logistic resources prevented adequate supply of the fighting arms at least until lines of communication had been shortened; even then, difficulties remained. The thesis is rounded off by assessing the counter-attack across the territory of Papua for the capture of the enemy???s beachheads at Buna, Gona and Sanananda. It concludes that, as the island???s geography and tropical environment so dominated operations and since shortages of logistic equipment and units persisted, the Army could not perfect its logistic organisation by the end of this first phase of the New Guinea campaign. It fell back on improvisation and the fortitude of troops to triumph over the Japanese.
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De, Heer Derrill Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Victoria per mentum : psychological operations conducted by the Australian Army in Phuoc Tuy Province South Vietnam 1965-1971." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. Humanities & Social Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40326.
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'Victoria per Mentum : Psychological Operations Conducted by the Australian Army in Phuoc Tuy Province South Vietnam 1965-1971' examines the Australian Army's conduct of psychological operations from 1965 to 1971 in South Vietnam. The study traces the first instances of psychological warfare in 1965, aided by the Americans, through to the establishment of 1 Psychological Operations Unit in April 1970 until November 1971, when Australians withdrew from South Vietnam. Most soldiers in the unit had no training in the art or practice of psychological warfare. Successes in the American sponsored South Vietnam amnesty program (Chieu Hoi) mirrored the success on the battlefield by Australian fighting soldiers. Psychological Warfare is a non-lethal weapon which has a multiplier effect on the enemy in the battle space. The inability to effectively demonstrate conclusively the effects of successful psychological warfare operations added to uncertainty and scepticism over the weapon's potential and actual impact on the battlefield. Conventional military leaders rejected psychological warfare as 'paper bullets' that had little or no place in a military focused agenda - shoot, blast bomb, fragment, kill and capture to defeat the enemy. Propaganda and counter-propaganda are examined to demonstrate how these effects influenced each side. The study examines difficulties the Australian 1 Psychological Operations Unit encountered when trying to provide demonstrable and tangible indicators, which meant that when forces to choose between leaflets, loudspeakers and firepower, combat leaders chose firepower. The result was that psychological warfare proved successful only in a limited tactical sense but never created the type of operational or strategic success sought by traditional weapons proponents.
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Robespierre, Claire de. "La renaissance du mythe d'Anzac dans l'Australie contemporaine : la représentation de la Grande Guerre dans les films de cinéma et de télévision des années quatre-vingt et son emprise sur l'imagination nationale." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040069.
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Né dans les tranchées de la Première Guerre Mondiale, Anzac est le plus grand mythe de l’Australie blanche. La participation des troupes de l'Anzac (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) au conflit a marqué la véritable naissance de la nation et a laissé une empreinte indélébile dans la conscience australienne. La fascination exercée par ANZAC sur l'imagination nationale a été particulièrement évidente dans les années quatre-vingt, durant lesquelles plusieurs films de cinéma et de télévision ayant la Grande Guerre pour sujet ont été produits. Ces représentations obéissent à une volonté commune de réillustrer le mythe dans sa forme traditionnelle et de résister à la démythification, révélant l'état d'esprit de l’Australie durant cette périodeBorn in the trenches of World War I, Anzac is white Australia’s greatest myth. The involvement of troops from the Anzac (Australian and New Zealand army corps) in the conflict is considered as the turning point in the nation's history and has made a lasting impression on the Australian consciousness. The fascination which Anzac exerts on the national imagination was particularly obvious in the 1980's, when the great war was the subject of a few films and television series. These portrayals show a common will to reillustrate the myth in its traditional form and to resist demythification, thus revealing Australia’s state of mind during this period
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Hill, Maria Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The Australian's in Greece and Crete : a study of an intimate wartime relationship." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40076.
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Historians have largely ignored the importance of relationships in war, particularly at a grass roots level. Examining the past from a relational point of view provides a new perspective on war not accessible through other forms of analysis. A relational approach to a study of the campaigns in Greece and Crete helps to explain, amongst other issues, why so many Australian lives were saved. Australians entered Greece with little background knowledge of the country and the people they were required to defend. There was no serious consultation with the Australian government apart from the cursory briefing of its Prime Minister. Although Britain had numerous intelligence officers operating on the ground in Greece prior and during the campaign, little information about the true political situation in the country had filtered through to the Australian high command. This placed the troops in a very vulnerable position on the Greek frontier and, later, on Crete. Military interaction with the Greeks proved difficult, as key officers from the Greek General Staff and senior government ministers did not intend to fight the Germans. As a result, little coordination took place between the Australian and Greek forces hindering the development of a successful working relationship. Conversely, relations with the Greek people were very amicable with many Greeks risking their lives to help Australian troops. The altruism of the Greeks was one of the most striking features of the Greek and Crete campaigns. Unlike Egypt, where the Australians felt alienated by the values and customs of the Egyptian people, in Greece they warmed to the behaviour of the Greeks. Although they did not speak the same language nor share a similar culture, they had many characteristics in common with the Greeks whose strong sense of loyalty to their allies really impressed the Australians. On their part, the Australians displayed respect for the values and customs of the Greek people. Through their interaction during the war, the Greeks came to regard the Australians, not only as friends, but also as brothers, forging an intimate relationship that has been incorporated in the social memory of both countries.
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Clarke, Stephen John History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Marching to their own drum : British Army officers as military commandants in the Australian colonies and New Zealand 1870-1901." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 1999. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38659.
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Between 1870 and 1901, seventeen officers from the British army were appointed by the governments of the Australian colonies and New Zealand as commanders of their colonial military forces. There has been considerable speculation about the roles of these officers as imperial agents, developing colonial forces as a wartime reserve to imperial forces, but little in depth research. This thesis examines the role of the imperial commandants with an embryonic system of imperial defence and their contribution to the development of the colonial military forces. It is therefore a topic in British imperial history as much as Australian and New Zealand military history. British officers were appointed by colonial governments to overcome a shortfall in professional military expertise but increasingly came to be viewed by successive British administrations as a means of fulfilling an imperial defence agenda. The commandants as ???men-on-the-spot???, however, viewed themselves as independent reformers and got offside with both the imperial and colonial governments. This fact reveals that the commandants occupied a difficult position between the aspirations of London and the reality of the colonies. They certainly brought an imperial perspective to their commands and looked forward to the colonies playing a role on the imperial stage but generally did so in terms of a personal agenda rather than one set by London. This assessment is best demonstrated in the commandants??? independent stance at the outset of the South African War. The practice of appointing British commandants in Australasia was fraught with problems because of an inherent conflict in the goals of the commandants and their colonial governments. It resembles the Canadian experience of the British officers which reveals that the system of imperials military appointments as a whole was flawed. The problem remained that until a sufficient number of colonial officers had the prerequisite professional expertise for high command there was no alternative. The commandants were therefore the beginning rather than the end of a traditional reliance upon British military expertise. The lasting legacy of the commandants for the military forces of Australia and New Zealand was the development of colonial officers, transference of British military traditions, and the encouragement of a colonial military identity premised on the expectation of future participation in defence of the empire. The study provides a major revision to the existing historiography of imperial officers in the colonies, one which concludes that far from being ???imperial agents??? they were largely marching to their own drum.
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Woodbury, Kerri-Ann. "A prospective study of the impact of deployment on the intimate relationships of Australian army personnel and their loved ones." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201713/1/Kerri-Ann_Woodbury_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explores the impact of deployment to a warzone with the Australian Army on intimate relationships. It examines the applicability of two relationship theoretical frameworks for this cohort and has resulted in a new application of these theoretical frameworks, and extended the current evidence base as to how military deployment can impact intimate relationships. The findings provide a unique evidence-based platform on which to develop targeted education for civilian intimate partners and military personnel pre- and post-deployment.
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Mackay, Christopher Don, and n/a. "Sepulture perpetuelle : New Zealand and Gallipoli : possession, preservation and pilgrimage 1916-1965." University of Otago. Department of History, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070504.145719.
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Constructions of memory, myth and legend relating to Gallipoli have dominated the academic assumption which suggests that this dimension alone has allowed for the reawakening of the exceptional interest in the Anzac tradition; a tradition that has converged at the physical site in modern day Turkey. While these intangible constructions have waxed, waned, and re-emerged over the Twentieth Century, possessing the site to commence the construction of an Anzac Battlefield Cemetery has been ignored in academic enquiry. This significant series of events from 1916 to 1965 were indispensable to memory perpetuation and essential to the commemorative primacy that this preserved headland now enjoys. The desire to repossess, and then own in perpetuity the battlefield in order to attach the appropriate masonry adornments, is in itself unique. This dimension has not been academically scrutinised by any historian until now. Nor has the deliberate desire to construct an Anzac shrine that would someday attract pilgrims from the Antipodes been studied. Present day site-sacralisation by rite-of-passage pilgrims, thoroughly emersed in the Anzac tradition, suggests the convergence of the two dimensions is complete.
To counteract this problem of the �hegemony of the intangibles� this thesis explores primary sources, gleaned largely from archival records, then evaluates the significance of the history of �physical Gallipoli.� Thematic approaches based upon the lines of possession, preservation and pilgrimage argue that this parallel dimension has played an indispensable role in shaping the end result today. Tens of thousands Australasian travellers now flock to this preserved battlefield to encounter the actual physicality of the tradition. The battlefield cemetery, complete with botanical emblems of ownership, had been out of the reach of the very generation who had created, acquired and constructed the battlefield landscape. The New Zealand public had to be content with assorted forms of vicarious pilgrimage coupled with widespread domestic memorialisation.
New Zealand�s post-evacuation experience at Gallipoli became a story completely distinctive from that of Australia or Great Britain. The deliberately constructed Anzac Battlefield Cemetery is a unique landscape artefact that a proud but mournful generation set out to create. They eventually achieved this end by a complicated mixture of conquest, occupation, careful preservation, and commemorative ownership. These efforts were assisted by the vagaries of economic happenstance and international politics that left this remote Peninsula isolated and off-limits to human encounter. Fortuitously frozen in time, this landscape artefact, so steeped in Classical history, has emerged as one of the most sacred, and perhaps the most recognisable, geographic features associated with Australasia. Overriding these plans for shrine construction had been the stated goal of securing a reverent final resting place for those who fell during the creation of the Anzac legend in 1915. Sepulture perpetuelle became the post-evacuation catchphrase that propelled this Great War generation to go almost to the brink of war to secure the principles of this phrase. This lofty goal of permanence, by passage of time and the re-appropriation of nature, had mercifully been completed before the current �second invasion� that commenced in the 1980s. The Anzac Battlefield Cemetery is now a victim of its own very successful physical preservation.
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Cohn, Andrew. "An investigation into the role of causal attributions, expectancy of control and coping strategies in psychological adjustment to basic military training in the Australian Army / Andrew Cohn." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18464.pdf.
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Bou, Jean Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The evolution and development of the Australian Light Horse, 1860-1945." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38689.
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Despite the place that the Light Horse occupies in Australia???s military history and the national martial mythology, there has not yet been a scholarly attempt to investigate the evolution and development of Australia???s mounted branch. This thesis is the first attempt to fill this gap in our knowledge and understanding of the history of the Australian Army. In doing so it will consider the ways in which the Light Horse evolved, the place it had in defence thinking, the development of its doctrine, its organisational changes and the way in which that organisation and its men interacted with their society. This thesis firstly analyses the role and place of the mounted soldier in the British and colonial/dominion armies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries before going on to examine what effects the debates about this had on the development of Australia???s mounted troops. It will find that in the nineteenth century the disparate mounted units of the Australian colonies were established mainly along the organisational model of the mounted rifleman. Influenced by social ideas about citizen soldier horsemen and a senior officer with firm views, this model continued to be used by the new Light Horse until well into the First World War. During that war it was gradually discovered that this military model had its limitations and by the end of the war much of the Light Horse had become cavalry. This discovery in turn meant that during the inter-war period cavalry continued to be part of the army. Analysed in depth also are the many organisational changes that affected the mounted branch during its existence. Some of these reflected doctrinal and tactical lessons, and others were the result of various plans by the government and military authorities to improve the army. It will be seen that regardless of these plans part-time citizen horse units continued to have many problems and they rarely came to be what the government wanted of them. That they were as strong as they were was testimony to the efforts of a dedicated and enthusiastic few.
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McCarthy, Dayton S. History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The once and future Army : an organizational, political and social history of the Citizen Military Forces, 1947-1974." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. History, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38747.
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This thesis examines the Citizen Military Forces (CMF) from 1947 until it ceased to exist under that name with the release of the report of the Millar Inquiry in 1974. This thesis examines three broad areas: the organizational changes that the CMF adopted or had imposed upon it; the political decision-making surrounding the CMF; and a social analysis of the CMF which questions the viability and validity of a number of the CMF???s long held precepts. The thesis will show that the majority of circumstances and decisions surrounding the CMF were beyond its control. For example, the CMF could not change the prevailing military thought of the post-war period which emphasized increasingly the role of smaller, professional, readily-available armies. The first three chapters recount the CMF???s ???heyday??? in which the Army, assisted by National Service after 1950, was based around it and its influence at the highest levels was strongest. The next two chapters chronicle the background to Australia???s adoption of the ???Pentropic??? organization and the repercussions this had on the CMF. Chapters Six and Seven examine the consequences of the introduction of a second compulsory service scheme and the concomitant result which precluded the CMF from operational service in Vietnam. Chapters Eight and Nine deal with the Millar Inquiry, which offered the CMF a new hope, but in some regards, brought forth little beneficial gains for the CMF. The final chapters analyze some of the characteristics unique to the CMF, such as territorial affiliation, high turnover rates amongst the rank and file and the concept of the ???brilliant amateur???. This thesis concludes that, despite the mixed performance of the CMF, there is still a place for the citizen soldier in contemporary warfare, but far more consideration at the highest political and military levels must be given to the peculiar and difficult, but by no means insurmountable, problems citizen soldiering encounters in Australia.
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McCarthy, Dayton. "The once and future army an organizational, political, and social history of the Citizen Military Forces, 1947-1974/." Connect to this title online, 1997. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-ADFA/public/adt-ADFA20020722.120746/.
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Regan, Patrick Michael Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Neglected Australians : prisoners of war from the Western Front, 1916-1918." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38686.
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About 3850 men of the First Australian Imperial Force were captured on the Western Front in France and Belgium between April 1916 and November 1918. They were mentioned only briefly in the volumes of the Official Histories, and have been overlooked in many subsequent works on Australia and the First World War. Material in the Australian War Memorial has been used to address aspects of the experiences of these neglected men, in particular the Statements that some of them completed after their release This thesis will investigate how their experiences ran counter to the narratives of CEW Bean and others, and seeks to give them their place in Australia???s Twentieth Century experience of war.
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Faraday, Bruce Douglas History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Half the battle : the administration and higher organisation of the AIF 1914-1918." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38693.
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Administration of armies has been sadly neglected in historical studies but the ability of the AIF to develop an efficient system of administration and to fit into the equally efficient British system, had much to do with the success of the AIF, especially late in the war. The various Empire governments had made some preparations for an alliance system of fighting in the event of a major war, but in practice these needed a great deal of adjustment. This thesis examines the manner in which the dominions and Britain planned for a possible war and the way in which changes had to be made in practice. It examines the manner in which the AIF developed a system and the many facets of this system, which had developed a remarkable degree of efficiency by the end of the war. Because the AIF and CEF were so alike in size, composition and in the problem they faced, a recurring theme of the thesis is a comparison between the two. It embraces the following: a. Prewar preparation for a combined empire army. b. The organisation of the administrative system of the AIF and the manner this improved through the war. c. The organisation and problems of the CEF administrative system d. The development of a system of capitation to pay for the services supplied to the AIF and CEF. e. Supply of equipment. f. Manner in which both forces worked to maintain their forces. g. The manner in which both forces catered for the needs of the individual soldiers. h. Supply in the field i. Medical administration in the AIF j. The administration in the AIF k. The administration of discipline in the AIF l. The demobilisation of the AIF.
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Garland, Dennis, University of Western Sydney, College of Social and Health Sciences, and School of Applied Social and Human Sciences. "The Salvation Army and the state of welfare : an analysis of text and narrative : an analysis of the discourses influencing the development of Salvation Army policy." THESIS_CSHS_ASH_Garland_D.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/582.
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This research arose out of the author's concern that the Salvation Army and its social services in Australia were being influenced by government and society at the expense of its own Christian beliefs and internal rhetoric. The Army's rhetoric is explored through an analysis of Salvation Army's texts. The study findings verify the proposition of Kress (1985) and others, that institutions transform and are transformed through their use of discourse. It is confirmed that William and Catherine Booth (the Army's founders) were not independent from the state and from external influence as required by Booth. It was found that just as William and Catherine Booth reworked the discourses of their time, they were influenced in turn by these discourses and the organization they created , namely, The Salvation Army was transformed through the use of discourse. The research found that modern texts produced in the Army in Australia, are influenced by the dominant discourses of the modern Australian welfare state, and that as a consequence the Army, in transforming these discourses for their own purposes, is also being transformed and in the process becoming increasingly colonised by governments in Australia.Master of Arts (Hons)
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Garland, Dennis. "Work for all : the Salvation Army and the Job Network." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38311.
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This study explores how one highly institutionalised organisation, namely The Salvation Army engages with policy discourses, how it responds and how it is shaped by its engagement with government. The move from a unified public service to the use of third sector organisations such as The Salvation Army to deliver public services represents a major shift in institutional relationships. This study focuses on the introduction of market discourse throughout the contracting process, in particular how this discourse seeks to reconstruct service users as ‘customers’, and the Salvation Army’s response to this reconstruction. By exploring the ways in which this religiously and socially motivated non-profit organisation sought to mediate neo-liberal discourses of competition and consumerism, this study seeks to reveal the processes and pressures affecting faith-based and other non-profit organisations which increasingly find themselves acting as agents of government policy under the principles of New Public Management (NPM). The altered relationships brought about by the shift in institutional relationships depend upon new institutional forms to deliver government services, and these new relationships are manifestly displayed in the Job Network. This study focuses on the ways in which The Salvation Army mediates social policy within this new institutional relationship. The changing relationship between government and The Salvation Army, as manifested in the development and implementation of employment policy in Australia between 1998 to 2007 is explored in this study. Neo-institutional theory provides the theoretical framework of this study. Neoinstitutional theory addresses the impact of shifts in the relationships between government and third sector organisations such as The Salvation Army via contracting out of government employment services. This changing relationship between government and The Salvation Army, as played out in the specific institutional field of the employment service through the creation of the Job Network is explored in this study. Within a constructionist approach, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is deployed as the analytical technology. This study uses textual material as its main source of primary data, including extracts from job network contracts, internal and public Salvation Army documents, and utterances by government. The study explores the ways in which The Salvation Army has attempted to mediate social policy and the organisational tensions that arise as the Army seeks to maintain organizational independence. This study reveals that though government as the creator of the new quasi-market and purchaser of services in that market is perhaps the most powerful actor, the new institutional relationships are not completely a master/servant relationship; third sector organisations such as The Salvation Army do have the capacity to influence government. Additionally, this study calls into question the notions that the third sector and the government sector are differentiated realms and suggests that new paradigms should be developed to explore the institutional relationships that are now developing in the provision of welfare services in Australia.
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Millar, John Dermot History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "A study in the limitations of command : General Sir William Birdwood and the A.I.F., 1914-1918." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 1993. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38742.
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Military command is the single most important factor in the conduct of warfare. To understand war and military success and failure, historians need to explore command structures and the relationships between commanders. In World War I, a new level of higher command had emerged: the corps commander. Between 1914 and 1918, the role of corps commanders and the demands placed upon them constantly changed as experiences brought illumination and insight. Yet the men who occupied these positions were sometimes unable to cope with the changing circumstances and the many significant limitations which were imposed upon them. Of the World War I corps commanders, William Birdwood was one of the longest serving. From the time of his appointment in December 1914 until May 1918, Birdwood acquired an experience of corps command which was perhaps more diverse than his contemporaries during this time. He is, then, an ideal subject for a prolonged assessment of this level of command. This thesis has two principal objectives. The first is to identify and assess those factors which limited Birdwood???s capacity and ability to command. The second is to explore the institutional constraints placed on corps commanders during the 1914-1918 war. Surprisingly, this is a comparatively barren area of research. Because very few officers spent much time as corps commanders on their way to higher command appointments and because the role of the corps commanders in military planning and in the conduct of operations was not immediately apparent, their role has been practically ignored. Historians have tended to concentrate on the Army and divisional levels creating a deficient view of higher military command in World War I. However, corps commanders could and did play an important part in planning operations and in military affairs generally. Birdwood???s experience at Gallipoli and in France reflect some of the changes to command structures that were prompted by the successes and failures of operations directed at the corps level. In as much as these two theatres of war were vastly different and Birdwood was confronted with dissimilar problems, it is possible to draw some general conclusions about the evolution of higher command after 1914. Using a wide range of primary and secondary sources located in Australian and British archives, this thesis traces Birdwood???s career as a corps commander at Gallipoli and on the Western Front. It also examines his tenure as G.O.C. of the A.I.F.
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Orbach, Dan. "Culture of Disobedience: Rebellion and Defiance in the Japanese Army, 1860-1931." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467476.
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Imperial Japanese soldiers were notorious for following their superiors to certain death. Their enemies in the Pacific War perceived their obedience as blind, and derided them as “cattle”. Yet the Japanese Army was arguably one of the most disobedient armies in the world. Officers repeatedly staged coups d’états, violent insurrections and political assassinations, while their associates defied orders given by both the government and high command, launched independent military operations against other countries, and in two notorious cases conspired to assassinate foreign leaders.
The purpose of this dissertation is to explain the culture of disobedience in the Japanese armed forces. It was a culture created by a series of seemingly innocent decisions, each reasonable in its own right, which led to a gradual weakening of the Japanese government’s control over its army and navy. The consequences were dire, as the armed forces dragged the government into more and more of China in the 1930s, and finally into the Pacific War. This dissertation sheds light on the underground culture of disobedience that became increasingly dominant in the Japanese armed forces, until it made the Pacific War possible.
Using primary sources in five languages, it follows the Army’s culture of disobedience from its inception. By analyzing more than ten important incidents from 1860 to 1931, it shows how some basic “bugs” programmed into the Japanese system in the 1870s, born out of genuine attempts to cope with a chaotic and shifting reality, contributed to the development of military disobedience. The culture of disobedience became increasingly entrenched, making it difficult for the Japanese civilian and military leadership to cope with disobedient officers without paying a significant political price. However, every time the government failed to address the problem, it became more acute. Finally, disobedient military officers were able to significantly influence foreign policy, pushing Japan further towards international aggression, limitless expansion, and conflict with China, Britain and the United States.History
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Garland, Dennis. "Work for all the Salvation Army and the Job Network /." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38093.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Social Justice Social Change Research Centre, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Lehmann, Frederick Denis. "Weight load carry : a review of the efficiency and effectiveness of the army backpack /." View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050810.122056/index.html.
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Garland, Dennis. "The Salvation Army and the state of welfare : an analysis of text and narrative : an analysis of the discourses influencing the development of Salvation Army policy." Thesis, View thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/582.
Full textAbstract:
This research arose out of the author's concern that the Salvation Army and its social services in Australia were being influenced by government and society at the expense of its own Christian beliefs and internal rhetoric. The Army's rhetoric is explored through an analysis of Salvation Army's texts. The study findings verify the proposition of Kress (1985) and others, that institutions transform and are transformed through their use of discourse. It is confirmed that William and Catherine Booth (the Army's founders) were not independent from the state and from external influence as required by Booth. It was found that just as William and Catherine Booth reworked the discourses of their time, they were influenced in turn by these discourses and the organization they created , namely, The Salvation Army was transformed through the use of discourse. The research found that modern texts produced in the Army in Australia, are influenced by the dominant discourses of the modern Australian welfare state, and that as a consequence the Army, in transforming these discourses for their own purposes, is also being transformed and in the process becoming increasingly colonised by governments in Australia.
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Turnbull, Timothea Vanessa. "Diplomacy in Context:Canada, New Zealand and Australia and humanitarian arms control treaty-making." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149500.
Full textAbstract:
Since the 1990s, states have negotiated three trail-blazing
multilateral treaties on conventional weapons. The 1997 Mine Ban
Treaty outlaws anti-personnel landmines. The 2008 Convention on
Cluster Munitions bans cluster munitions. The 2013 Arms Trade
Treaty regulates and increases transparency in arms exports and
imports. The negotiating processes that produced these treaties
broke new ground in a number of ways. First, they explicitly
focused on minimising the humanitarian impact of weapons while
pursuing the goal of disarmament. Second, small and medium
countries made pivotal contributions. Third, they generated new
forms of multilateralism, in which coalitions of states and civil
society actors creatively adapted procedural design to combine
substantive expertise with lived experiences to reach negotiated
outcomes adopted by majorities of UN member states.
This thesis examines the significant roles that Australia, Canada
and New Zealand played in developing these treaties. In some
instances, they helped to strengthen these humanitarian arms
control regimes as part of a core group of states championing
negotiations. At other times, they played a less engaged role. On
occasion, they even slowed progress.
The thesis interrogates two research questions that flow from the
contributions these three countries made to the treaty-making
processes that created these three treaties. First, why do states
engage in treaty-making in humanitarian arms control? Second how
do they shape negotiating processes?
This thesis argues that a variety of factors determine why and
how states shape conventional weapons negotiations. These include
developments and dynamics in six distinct yet interlinked sites
of diplomatic activity. The internal negotiating context draws in
three strands of diplomatic activity, radiating out from the
negotiating table to activity within negotiating rooms and
extending to the corridors of diplomatic venues. Externally,
treaty-making occurs against the backdrop of globalised,
street-level activism, state-led advocacy by diplomats in
multilateral forums, and policy-making in capital cities. In all
three countries studied in this thesis, the “in capital”
contextual layer proved to be the most significant driver for
championing or blocking a conventional weapons negotiation
process. Alignment between three dimensions is particularly
important in determining a country’s negotiating trajectory,
namely political priorities, policy objectives and alliance
partners’ preferences.
To understand why and how Canada, New Zealand and Australia
shaped conventional weapons treaty-making, this inductive thesis
adopts a comparative case study approach using process tracing.
It analyses the treaty-making practice of each country in
relation to the evolution of each treaty. This thesis explores
how different layers of context have influenced engagement in
treaty-making in these countries. It then focuses on the
different diplomatic strategies and tactics that have led towards
and away from treaty-making within these countries. Three case
study chapters focus on cases of championing by each state,
addressing the contextual elements that enabled championing and
how this translated into diplomatic activity. The fourth case
study chapter examines cases where these states did not champion
treaties, identifying changes in contextual factors and in
diplomatic activity.
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McPherson, Ailsa School of Theatre Film & Dance UNSW. "Diversions in a tented field : theatricality and the images and perceptions of warfare in Sydney entertainments 1879-1902." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Theatre, Film and Dance, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18264.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the theatricality which accompanied the establishment, development and deployment of the colonial army in New South Wales during the last two decades of the nineteenth century. It investigates the transfer to the colony of the military ethos of the Imperial power, and explores the ways in which performances of military spectacle, in both theatrical and paratheatrical contexts, were interpreted by the colonists. The primary sources for the research are the Sydney press and the Mitchell `Australiana' collection of the State Library of New South Wales. The framework of the argument is presented in five chapters. The first, Displaying, investigates the relationship between civilians and the military forces at training camps, and then the performances of sham fights. The second, Committing, explores the attitudes of civilians and soldiers at the departures of New South Wales troops to the Soudan and Boer Wars. Informing, thirdly, investigates how the Imperial military ideology was conveyed through performance, and how this information was interpreted in the colony. Accommodating analyses songs and theatre performances which first reflected colonial anticipations at the commitment to conflict and then attempted to accommodate the actuality of the experience. Lastly, Desiring, explores the colonists' endeavours to invent traditions which satisfied the discrepancy between their hopes and their experiences of Imperial war. This thesis asserts that the colonial reinterpretation of military ideology was influenced by concepts both of service to the Imperial power and of national identity. The interplay between these influences led to the colonists' idealising the Imperial association. This ideal was not demonstrated in the practice of association. The result of this experience was a defining of the differences between colonial and Imperial perceptions, rather than a reinforcement of their similarities. Much of the exploration of thesis also prepares the ground for a fuller cultural understanding of the issues at play in the final emergence of the Anzac tradition at the engagement of colonial soldiers against Turkish troops at Gallipoli in April, 1915.
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Spargo, S. "We envy no man on earth because we fly. The Australian Fleet Air Arm: a comparative operational study." Thesis, Spargo, S. (2016) We envy no man on earth because we fly. The Australian Fleet Air Arm: a comparative operational study. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33911/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines a small component of the Australian Navy, the Fleet Air Arm. Naval aviators have been contributing to Australian military history since 1914 but they remain relatively unheard of in the wider community and in some instances, in Australian military circles. Aviation within the maritime environment was, and remains, a versatile weapon in any modern navy but the struggle to initiate an aviation branch within the Royal Australian Navy was a protracted one.
Finally coming into existence in 1947, the Australian Fleet Air Arm operated from the largest of all naval vessels in the post battle ship era; aircraft carriers. HMAS Albatross, Sydney, Vengeance and Melbourne carried, operated and fully maintained various fixed-wing aircraft and the naval personnel needed for operational deployments until 1982. These deployments included contributions to national and multinational combat, peacekeeping and humanitarian operations.
With the Australian government’s decision not to replace the last of the aging aircraft carriers, HMAS Melbourne, in 1982, the survival of the Australian Fleet Air Arm, and its highly trained personnel, was in grave doubt. This was a major turning point for Australian Naval Aviation; these versatile flyers and the maintenance and technical crews who supported them retrained on rotary aircraft, or helicopters, and adapted to flight operations utilising small compact ships.
Oral testimony of those men who served aboard Australia’s aircraft carriers, and those who have served on small helicopter-capable ships, allows for a comparison of operational modes and an assessment of the value of the Australian Fleet Air Arm. Employing these two operational modes the Australian Fleet Air Arm have made small but valuable contributions to various world conflicts, peacekeeping and humanitarian operations.
With little recognition or appreciation the Australian Fleet Air Arm continue to be deployed in national and multinational global security operations in which they play a vital role within Australian military operations.
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Rouja, Philippe Max. "Fishing for culture : toward an Aboriginal theory of marine resource use among the Bardi Aborigines of One Arm Point, Western Australia." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/982/.
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Searle, Deane. "Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2591.
Full textAbstract:
Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) is a significant feature of the contemporary world and it is a particular challenge to the armed forces of many states which are involved is such conflict, or are likely to become so. This thesis is not concerned with how such difficult conflict situations arise. Rather it is concerned with how, from the point of view of the state, they may be contained and ultimately brought to a satisfactory resolution. The work is thus concerned with the practicalities of ending LIC. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to establish a framework of doctrinal and military principles applicable to the prevention and resolution of LIC. The principles of this thesis are based in numerous historical examples of LIC and six in depth case studies. These distilled principles are analysed in two central chapters, and are then applied in two latter defence force chapters so as to ensure there practicality and resilience. Numerous defence academics and military practitioners have been consulted in the production of this thesis; their contribution has further reinforced the functionality of the principles examined in this research. The research illustrates the criticality of a holistic approach to LIC. The function of this approach is to guarantee the stability of the sovereign state, by unifying civil, police, intelligence and military services. The effectiveness of the military elements must also be ensured, as military force is central to the suppression of LIC. Consequently, the research makes strategic and operational prescriptions, so as to improve the capability of defence forces that are concerned with preventing or resolving LIC.
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Rudzki, Stephan J. "The cost of injury to the Australian army." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110379.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is the first study to have determined a comprehensive estimate of the
cost of injury to the Australian Army. The approach used was that of a cost of illness
study, which summarised the economic burden of injury and provides information for
stakeholders, allowing them to make informed decisions on the allocation of scarce
healthcare resources. Cost of illness (COI) studies serve a different purpose to that of
health economic evaluations which are focused on evaluating the cost of an
intervention rather than estimating the cost of a particular disease. A "top down"
approach to analysis was adopted utilising high level organisational databases to obtain
cost data. This thesis adopted the primary perspective of government, but also
considered costs from a societal and individual perspective.
Estimating the economic burden of injury in a defined population is dependant
on the availability of data of sufficient quality and scope, which is often lacking. This
was the case in this thesis where available datasets contained data of poor quality or
insufficient detail to provide accurate injury cost data. A number of assumptions were
required in order to develop estimates of the contribution of injury to different sources
of cost. There is a clear requirement for Defence to improve it injury surveillance and
introduce an electronic health record to facilitate this. Efforts must also be made to link
clinical data with cost data to better inform decision makers about the relative benefits
achieved from the considerable cost resulting from injury.
The cost of injury has three components; direct costs; indirect costs; and
intangible costs. Direct costs considered in this analysis included external medical and
compensation costs, as well as compensation liabilities calculated by the Australian
Government Actuary. Indirect costs included productivity losses, with invalid pensions
also included because they constitute a significant cost to Government not usually
included in (COI) studies. An additional analysis of the net present value of lost wages
was conducted on those soldiers who were invalided from the Army. A novel approach,
termed the Capital Investment Model, was used to estimate the loss of training
investment as a result of premature separation from the Army due to injury. Intangible
costs were not included in this study because of the difficulty in placing a monetary
value on these aspects of injury.
Direct injury costs in 1996 were estimated to be between $40.75 and $42.36M
with outstanding compensation liabilities of $270M. Indirect costs were estimated to be
$10.74M with invalid pension liabilities of $63.82M. Capital losses due to premature
separation from the Army due to injury were estimated to be $10.1 OM. The total cost of
injury to the Australian Army (in 1996 dollars) was estimated to be between $61.59M
and $63.20M, with estimated pension and compensation liabilities of $333.82M. Injury
causes a significant financial impost.
This is also the first study to compare the cost and outcomes of a range of spinal
surgical procedures reflective of general orthopaedic community practice. It adopted a
"bottom up" approach to analysis, where detailed data was obtained from individual
records and a patient survey. This allowed for outcome and cost analysis by subgroup.
A number of findings were consistent with the literature, in particular the dissociation
between pain score and functional capacity. Increasing complexity of surgical
intervention increased costs with no improvement in clinical outcome and alarming levels of radiological exposure was found. Radiation exposure could not be compared
to other studies as they did not report the distribution of radiological investigations. The
decision to undergo surgery appears to be based on the baseline level of pain and the
fear of it worsening rather than specific clinical indications. The use of effective nonoperative
methods of reducing pain offers the prospect of significantly reducing the
patient demand for surgery and its attendant cost.
The greatest injury-related cost savings from a societal perspective are obtained
from interventions that promote early return to work and minimize lost productivity.
Preventing an injury prevents the associated cost, so efforts in the area of injury
prevention are critical in reducing the burden of injury. The significant reduction in
injury observed from the Defence Injury Prevention Program highlights the benefit of
effective primary prevention programs. Equally, once an injury occurs, secondary
prevention efforts seek to achieve maximum restoration of function with minimal
morbidity and cost. The results of the spinal surgery study have shown that
improvement in primary outcome measures are not effect by the cost of the chosen
intervention and efforts to achieve pain relief through non-operative means,in order to
prevent surgical intervention, should be a high priority for research, not just in Army
but in the broader community.
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Orme, Geoffrey John. "The post deployment reintegration of Australian army reservists." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/92809.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present research was to delineate the effects of deployment on Australian Army reservists serving on low-threat overseas stability operations. Even without exposure to traumatic events, reservists face challenges that differ from regular soldiers who prepare, deploy, and return within the constant context of their unit and wider army. More like civilian workers who deploy overseas to assist in disaster and post-conflict zones, Australian Army reservists are coalesced into temporary formations. They then leave the context of their families and civilian employment for the deployment and then return back to their civilian lives, often abruptly Participants were Army reservists deployed to Timor L'Este for seven months (N=92) in 2002/03, and three consecutive groups (N=350) deployed to the Solomon Islands in 2006/07. The research was broadened to also incorporate the experiences of civilian employers (N=126) and families (N=32) of Army reservists, whose experiences were largely unknown. The major findings across studies were as follows: 1) Reservists from all study groups returned in sound mental health and settled well. Measures taken at the end of deployment, six months after return, and two years post deployment found low rates of referrals for follow-up, low scores on mental health screening instruments (KI0, PCL-C, DASS-42), and a relatively unchanged pattern of alcohol use (AUDIT). 2) The deployment experience was reported as positive by 65-67%, with the number of positive statements (558) exceeding the number of negative statements (438) by a ratio of 1.30:1.00. 3) Readjustment to civilian life appeared uncomplicated and the reservists continued to be actively engaged with the Army. Their retention in a deployable status was more than twice the level seen among reservists as a whole. They promptly returned to service with their provider units after a substantial absence, despite what would have been the attractions and demands to attend to family, study, and civilian employment activities. Between 12%-25% enlisted in the regulars following their overseas service, and around 12% deployed overseas again within two years of returning. 4) As expected with low-threat military operations, traumatic stressors were only infrequently reported. Nevertheless, the few non-traumatic stressors reported by reservists during their tours were inversely associated with their reported deployment experience and what psychological distress could be detected. The primary source of a less-than-positive deployment experience and slightly elevated psychological distress predominately emanated from work-related sources, for example, the behaviour of others, leadership, and double standards. 5) These associations with non-traumatic stressors were moderated by psychological hardiness. Reservists with higher levels of hardiness nearly always reported a positive experience and negligible psychological distress, while reservists with lower levels of hardiness were more likely to report a less-than-positive deployment experience and low, but appreciable levels of psychological distress. 6) Employers and families reported seeing the benefits of deployment to the growth and satisfaction of their reservist. Both groups reported more positives than negatives when a reservist deploys (1.65:1 and 1.50:1 respectively). The implications of the present findings are discussed with respect to their application to reservists, employers and families, as well as other occupational groups such as ad hoc mission-specific organizations working in conflict and disaster zones.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Population Health, 2015
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Brooks, Samantha. "Non-operational stress, strain and fatigue in Australian army soldiers." Master's thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146112.
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Elliott, Taryn. "An exploration of unit Commander decision-making in the Australian Army." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/57415.
Full textAbstract:
Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library.In recent years, the adequacy of classical models to explain expert decision-making in environments involving time pressure, high stakes, uncertainty and dynamic conditions has been questioned. An alternative model to describe decision-making in these conditions is the recognition-primed decision-making (RPD) model (Klein, 1989). This model is descriptive and suggests that expert decision-makers learn to recognise typical situations and solutions and use these mental shortcuts to fill in gaps in their understanding and inform their decisionmaking. The model has been validated in many domains (Klein, 1999), but to date has not been applied in the Australian Army. Moreover, the model has been criticised because it largely ignores the influence of the wider context in dynamic decision-making. The aim of this research is to address these issues. The setting has been the unit level of operations in the Australian Army. In particular, the focus is on the Commander, as slhe has the largest impact on the strategic direction of an operation. The approach combines a number of complementary data collection methods, drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data. The main methods of data collection include in-depth, semi-structured interviewing; Q-sort analysis; and observational research in the field. These are triangulated to increase validity. Computer simulation is also used to investigate its adequacy for further naturalistic decision-making (NDM) research. The outcome is frrstly a validation of the RPD model in the Australian Army and revision to include contextual variables perceived to impact on NDM. The effect of these contextual variables on RPD requires further research using naturalistic techniques. Computer simulation has been found to be an unsatisfactory technique to employ in this instance. These are important outcomes as the Australian Army moves towards an era of Networked Centric Warfare where established structures for team work are being revised. Establishing a better understanding of contextual factors that impact on NDM enables policy makers to take this knowledge into account when hypothesising about the effect that structural changes might have on business processes. Thus, having better defined models, and research techniques identified to achieve this, is a benefit.
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1277501
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2007
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Threlfall, Adrian. "The development of Australian Army jungle warfare doctrine and training, 1941-1945." Thesis, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/19393/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the development of Australian Army jungle warfare doctrine and training during the Second World War. The Australian Army transformed itself from a military force ill-prepared for conflict of any type in 1939 into one of the most professional, experienced and highly trained forces in jungle warfare in the world by 1945. The thesis analyses how this transformation occurred and, in doing so, provides a case study in institutional learning. Attempting to discover how an organisation learns is vital: unless these processes of adaptation are identified, it is extremely difficult for an organisation to apply successfully the lessons in the future. For no institution is this more pertinent than for the military. Armed forces unable to adapt to unforeseen challenges were frequently defeated with often profound consequences. The thesis identifies this process of development and adaptation by the Australian Army from 1941 to 1945.