Journal articles: 'Australian Army history'

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Spiller, Roger J., and Jeffrey Grey. "The Australian Army." Journal of Military History 66, no. 2 (April 2002): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3093147.

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Horner, David. "Writing History in the Australian Army." Australian Journal of Politics & History 40, no. 1 (April 7, 2008): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1994.tb00091.x.

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Moss, Tristan. "‘Fuzzy Wuzzy’ soldiers: Race and Papua New Guinean soldiers in the Australian Army, 1940–60." War in History 29, no. 2 (April 2022): 467–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09683445211000375.

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This article examines the most militarily important indigenous units formed by Australia, arguing that racially based assumptions played a central role in how Papua New Guinean soldiers were conceptualized and used by the Australian Army during the 1940s and 1950s. Equally, while the perception of Papua New Guinean soldiers was heavily racialized, there was no construction of a martial race myth by Australians, in contrast to many colonial armies. Instead, Australia reluctantly recruited Papua New Guineans as a form of cheap manpower familiar with local conditions and saw them as simple soldiers who were potentially a threat to colonial rule.

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Brawley, Sean, and Chris Dixon. "Jim Crow Downunder? African American Encounters with White Australia, 1942––1945." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 607–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.4.607.

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Between 1941 and 1945, as the U.S. military machine sent millions of Americans——and American culture——around the world, several thousand African Americans spent time in Australia. Armed with little knowledge of Australian racial values and practices, black Americans encoutered a nation whose long-standing commitment to the principle of "White Australia" appeared to rest comfortably with the segregative policies commonly associated with the American South. Nonetheless, while African Americans did encounter racism and discrimination——practices often encouraged by the white Americans who were also stationed in Australia during the war——there is compelling evidence that their experiences were not always negative. Indeed, for many black Americans, Australians' apparent open-mindedness and racial views of white Britons and others with whom African Americans came into contact during the war. Making use of U.S. Army censors' reports and paying attention to black Americans' views of their experiences in Australia, this article not only casts light on an aspect of American-Australian relations that has hitherto recieved scant scholarly attention and reveals something about the African American experience, but also offers insights into race relations within the U.S. armed forces.

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GOW, NEIL. "Australian Army Strategic Planning 1919-39." Australian Journal of Politics & History 23, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1977.tb01235.x.

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Mikhailov, V. V. "THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND CORPS IN EGYPT BEFORE LANDING AT GALLIPOLI IN 1915." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 6 (72), no. 4 (2020): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2020-6-4-86-96.

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The history of the Australian and new Zealand corps (ANZAC) in preparation for the landing on the Gallipoli Peninsula in the Egyptian training camps is studied. The relationship between the rank and file of the corps is analyzed. The study examines the living conditions and relationships of Australians and new Zealanders with the local population in and around Cairo. The study examines the training of corps units in training and exercises, the attitude of soldiers and officers to the quality of training of corps troops, as well as the participation of troops of the Australian-new Zealand army corps in the repulse of the Turkish offensive on the Suez canal in February 1915. An overview of the actions of the landing command to concentrate ANZAC forces in Mudros Bay (Lemnos) before the start of the landing at Gallipoli is given. The article makes extensive use of archival materials of the Australian War Memorial and British archives, the official history of Australia’s participation in world war I, diary entries and letters of Australians and new Zealanders who participated in the first convoy from Australia to Alexandria (Egypt), Russian and foreign research on the initial stage of the Gallipoli operation of the allied forces of the Entente against the Ottoman Empire..

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Reynaud, Daniel, and Emanuela Reynaud. "‘A kind of useless man’? An evaluation of AIF cooks and cookery, 1914–1918." War in History 29, no. 2 (April 2022): 385–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09683445211002554.

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While the Australian Imperial Force of 1914–1918 experienced a significant shift from amateurism to professionalism over the course of the war in most areas, one crucial role not yet examined in the literature on the Australian Imperial Force is that of army cook. This article argues that their role was not taken sufficiently seriously during the Great War, leaving them effectively still amateurs at the end of the war. It explores the regulations for army cooks, the processes of selection, training and monitoring, as well as their performance in camps and in the field, and draws the conclusion that the army failed to professionalize role.

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Guly, HR. "Archibald Lang McLean (1885–1922) – Explorer, writer and soldier." Journal of Medical Biography 26, no. 1 (December 21, 2015): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772015622877.

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Archibald McLean qualified in Sydney in 1910 and in the following year joined Douglas Mawson’s Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–1914). He took a full part in the expedition and was forced to stay an extra year when Mawson failed to return to the base before the ship left. During this time he edited the expedition newspaper, The Adelie Blizzard. His writing impressed Mawson who invited him to work on the book about the expedition. This necessitated visiting England to liaise with publishers and promote the book. He was in England when the First World War broke out and he was commissioned in the RAMC and sent to France. He was invalided out of the army in 1916 and returned to Australia where he obtained his MD for his research in the Antarctic. Then he joined the Australian Army Medical Corps and returned to France where he won the Military Cross and he also suffered gassing. During the war, he developed TB and was unwell when he returned to Australia.

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Gray, Geoffrey. "The army requires anthropologists: Australian anthropologists at war, 1939–1946." Australian Historical Studies 37, no. 127 (April 2006): 156–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314610608601209.

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Hemmings, Lynn. "Vietnam memories: Australian Army Nurses, the Vietnam War, and oral history." Nursing Inquiry 3, no. 3 (September 1996): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.1996.tb00028.x.

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Garin, Artyom A. "China's Influence on Australia's Defence Policy in the South Pacific." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 3 (48) (2020): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-3-3-48-202-214.

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Australia is the leading country in the South Pacific and sees it as part of a natural sphere of influence. For most of Australian history, a remote and isolated geographical location has worked to the benefit of the Fifth Continent and has ensured the security of Australia and its Oceania frontiers. Nowadays, the strategic environment in Asia-Pacific has undergone significant changes. Australia is concerned that during the intensive growth of the military power of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing may be more interested in the South Pacific, in particular, in gaining naval bases in Oceania.

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Thomas, James B., Peter Dennis, Jeffrey Grey, John Crawford, and Ellen Ellis. "The Boer War: Army, Nation, and Empire. The 1999 Chief of Army/Australian War Memorial Military History Conference." Journal of Military History 64, no. 4 (October 2000): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677295.

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Yanıkdağ, Yücel. "Captive Anzacs: Australian POWs of the Ottomans during the First World War (the Australian army history series)." First World War Studies 10, no. 2-3 (September 2, 2019): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2020.1728892.

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Mikhailov, V. V. "MOBILISATION IN AUSTRALIA AND THE FORMATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND CORPS (ANZAC) IN 1914." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 6(72), no. 2 (2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2020-6-2-95-104.

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The author studies the history of formation of the Australian-new Zealand army corps (ANZAC) formations after the beginning of the First world war. The mobilization activities of the governments of Australia and New Zealand, the reaction of societies in these countries to the world war and participation in it, the features of recruitment of the Australian Imperial Force (AIS) and the new Zealand expeditionary force, the characteristics of the corps command are studied. It shows the main events during the transport of the first convoy with ANZAC troops to training camps in Egypt in the autumn of 1914, the victory of the Australian cruiser Sydney over the German raider – light cruiser Emden during the AIS convoy. Special attention is paid to the connection of events of formation and transport ANZAC with Russia – the presence in the body of Russian emigrants volunteers, and participation in the protection of the convoy and against German raiders in the Pacific and Indian oceans warships of the Russian Navy, «Pearl» and «Askold». The article uses archival materials of the Australian War Memorial and English archives, diary entries and letters of participants of the first convoy from Australia to Alexandria (Egypt).

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Georgelin, Pauline. "Frenchmen in the AIF: French–Australian identities during the First World War." French Cultural Studies 30, no. 4 (October 12, 2019): 294–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155819861050.

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This article investigates the participation of French-born soldiers in the AIF – Australia’s volunteer army during the First World War. While the AIF counted men from many different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, the experiences of the French-born Diggers is yet to be fully explored. This article analyses the detailed profiles of these men contained in their military files and demonstrates how they are emblematic of the diverse nature of the French community in Australia. French-born residents of Australia were in a unique position, as they were also liable for French military service. This article explores the motivations and implications of their choices. It also draws on French archival sources to provide a transnational perspective, framing the soldiers’ experiences within the broader context of the conflicting demands of the French and Australian governments, and how French identity was expressed from both above and below.

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Collingham, Lizzie. "Porridge and peas: C. Stanton Hicks and Australian army rations." Endeavour 33, no. 3 (September 2009): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2009.05.003.

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17

Dean, Peter. "Commemoration, Memory, and Forgotten Histories: The Complexity and Limitations of Australian Army Biography." War & Society 29, no. 2 (October 2010): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/204243410x12796373846347.

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Nathan Wise. "An Intimate History of Digging in the Australian Army during the Kokoda Campaign of 1942." Labour History, no. 107 (2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5263/labourhistory.107.0021.

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Walker, Carole, and Jane L. Littlewood. "A Second Moses in Bonnet and Shawl: Caroline Chisholm, 1808–1877." Recusant History 22, no. 3 (May 1995): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200001989.

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Caroline Chisholm was a Victorian philanthropist designated by the Australian Encyclopaedia as ‘the greatest of women pioneers in the history of Australia’. She was born in Northampton in 1808, the daughter of William Jones, hog-jobber of some substance. She married Archibald Chisholm in 1830, a lieutenant in the East India Company Army, ten years her senior, on the understanding that she be allowed to undertake philanthropic works. It is assumed she converted to her husband's Roman Catholic faith either just before or after the marriage. It was in Madras, where her husband was based, that her philanthropic endeavours began and she founded a ‘school of industry for the daughters of European soldiers’. The school educated the sadly-neglected girls in general education and domestic duties.

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20

Connor, John. "Home and Away. The Enlistment of Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and South African Men in Dominion Expeditionary Forces in the United Kingdom during the Great War." Itinerario 38, no. 3 (December 2014): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115314000527.

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On the outbreak of war, men from the Dominions were scattered across the British Empire. As each Dominion began recruiting their expeditionary forces at home, the issue arose whether these expatriates, especially those resident in the United Kingdom, should join the British Army or be able to enlist in their Dominion's force. Canada and New Zealand allowed recruiting for the CEF and NZEF in the UK. Many Anglophone White South Africans joined a “colonial” battalion of the Royal Fusiliers. The Australian Government refused to allow Australians in the UK to join the AIF, despite the repeated requests of the Australian expatriate community. This paper examines the questions of British and sub-Imperial Dominion identities as well as the practical policy considerations raised by this issue. It argues that there is some evidence of nascent Dominion nationalism—the Canadian High Commission in London issued what became known as “a Certificate of Canadian Citizenship” to expatriates— but that Dominion Governments generally based their decisions on this issue based on cost and domestic political considerations.

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21

Ritchie, Jonathan. "Guarding the Periphery: The Australian Army in Papua New Guinea, 1951–75." Journal of Pacific History 54, no. 4 (June 25, 2019): 568–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2019.1618524.

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22

Tsokhas, Kosmas. "‘Trouble Must Follow’: Australia's Ban on Iron Ore Exports to Japan in 1938." Modern Asian Studies 29, no. 4 (October 1995): 871–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016218.

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Despite the attention that has been given to the role of economic sanctions in Japan's decision to launch the Pacific war, Australia's decision to ban iron ore exports to Japan has been given little attention, even though this was one of the earliest economic sanctions imposed onimperial Japan in the 1930s. To a degree this neglect can be traced to a preoccupation with the actions and objectives of the great powers and a failure to consider the opportunities available to small nations to take significant initiatives. The following article traces the origins of the iron ore embargo back to 1934 when Essington Lewis, the Managing Director of the Broken Hill Proprietary Company Ltd (BHP), Australia's iron and steel monopoly, visited Japan and subsequently advocated the development of an Australian armaments industry to counter probable Japanese aggression in the Pacific. In Japan Lewis crossed paths with J. G. Latham, the Minister for External Affairs, who was leading the Australian government's Eastern Mission. Latham returned to Australia with conclusions that differed fundamentally from those of Lewis, who came up with a plan to take advantage of Japan's dependence on imports of iron ore and other iron products to finance investment in Australian armaments manufacturing. In explaining this outcome the article discusses interactions between a number of conflicts: between Latham and Lewis; between the British Treasury and the Foreign Office; and between the Japanese army and navy. In London the Treasury wanted to focus on the European theatre, while also holding down military spending in order to achieve balanced budgets. The Treasury believed that the way to best defend British commercial interests in Asia was to appease Japan. On the other hand, the Foreign Office was committed to the protection of British interests in the Far East by a more forceful diplomacy, although it was only willing to counten-ance behavior short of military action. Consistent with Latham's recommendations to his government, the emerging consensus in London was that while a settlement in China would help to safeguard British interests there, as long as the Japanese were bound up in their war in China they were less likely to attack British colonies in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. In 1936 this orientation was challenged by a shift in the balance of power in Tokyo away from the army and in favor of the navy. Although priority continued to be placed on winning the war in China and guarding against an attack from the Soviet Union, now the navy's plan for southward expansion was given more careful consideration and credibility.

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Grey, Jeffrey. ":On Shaggy Ridge: The Australian Seventh Division in the Ramu Valley Campaign: From Kaiapit to the Finisterres.(The Australian Army History Series.)." American Historical Review 110, no. 3 (June 2005): 781–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.110.3.781.

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Converse, Allan. "The Once and Future Army: A History of the [Australian] Citizen Military Forces, 1947-1974 (review)." Journal of Military History 69, no. 2 (2005): 599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2005.0084.

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Symons, Beverley. "All‐out for the people's war: Communist soldiers in the Australian army in the second world war." Australian Historical Studies 26, no. 105 (October 1995): 596–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314619508595985.

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Smart, Judith. "The Secrets of the Anzacs: The Untold Story of Venereal Disease in the Australian Army, 1914–1919." Australian Historical Studies 47, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2016.1124375.

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van Mosseveld, Anneke. "Fighting Fit: A History of Innovation in the Australian Government Clothing Factory and in the Transformation of the Australian Army Uniform, 1912-1995." Australian Economic History Review 58, no. 2 (July 2018): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aehr.12153.

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Converse, Allan. "The Australian Army and the Vietnam War, 1962-1972: The Chief of Army Military History Conference, and: The Anzac Experience: New Zealand, Australia, and Empire in the First World War (review)." Journal of Military History 70, no. 4 (2006): 1182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2006.0233.

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Smart, Judith, and Jan Bassett. "Guns and Brooches: Australian Army Nursing from the Boer War to the Gulf War." Labour History, no. 65 (1993): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509221.

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30

Delaney, Douglas E. "Army Apostles: Imperial Officers on Loan and the Standardization of the Canadian, Australian and New Zealand Armies, 1904–1914." War in History 23, no. 2 (March 16, 2016): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344514552436.

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Dabovich, Paula A., Jaklin A. Eliott, and Alexander C. McFarlane. "Individuate and separate: Values and identity re-development during rehabilitation and transition in the Australian Army." Social Science & Medicine 222 (February 2019): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.012.

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32

Saunders, Kay. "Not for them battle fatigues: The Australian women's land army in the second world war." Journal of Australian Studies 21, no. 52 (January 1997): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059709387299.

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33

Vietrynskyi, I. "Specifics of the International Political Position of the Commonwealth of Australia in the first half of the ХХ-th century." Problems of World History, no. 13 (March 18, 2021): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-13-6.

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The paper focuses on the initial stage of the formation of the Commonwealth of Australia, and the process of its establishing as an independent State. The international political context for the development of the country, from the period of creation of the Federation to the beginning of the Second World War, is primarily viewed. The Commonwealth’s international position, its place and role in the regional and global geopolitical processes of the early XX century, in particular in the context of its relations with Great Britain, are analyzed. The features of the transformation of British colonial policies on the eve of the First World War are examined. The specifics of the UK system of relations with Australia, as well as other dominions, are being examined. The features of status of the dominions in the British Empire system are shown. The role of the dominions and, in particular, the Commonwealth of Australia in the preparatory process for the First World War, as well as the peculiarities of its participation in hostilities, is analyzed. The significance of the actions of the First World War on the domestic political situation in Australia, as well as its impact on dominions relations with the British Empire, is revealed. The history of the foundation of the Australian-New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) and its participation in imperial forces on the frontline of the First World War is analyzed. The success and failure of its fighters, as well as the role of ANZAC, in the process of formation an Australian political nation are analyzed. The economic, humanitarian and international political consequences of the First World War for the Commonwealth of Australia are examined, as well as the influence of these consequences on the structure of relations between the dominions and the British Empire. The socio-economic situation of the Commonwealth of Australia on the eve of World War II, in particular the impact of the Great depression on the development of the country as a whole and its internal political situation in particular, is analyzed. The ideological, military-strategic and international political prerequisites for Australia’s entry into the Second World War are being considered.

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ROSE, EDWARD P. F. "PROMOTING MILITARY GEOLOGY FOR 200 YEARS: SENIOR GEOLOGISTS OF THE BRITISH ARMY 1826 TO 2026." Earth Sciences History 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-42.1.1.

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ABSTRACT During the nineteenth century, geology was perceived by the British Army as a military science, and two geological survey departments outside Great Britain were pioneered by Royal Engineer officers in the rank of captain: J. W. Pringle, J. E. Portlock and Henry James nearly successively in Ireland between 1826 and 1846; H. G. Lyons in Egypt from 1896 to 1898 and then, as a civilian, until 1909. During World War I, the Welsh-born Australian T. W. Edgeworth David and the Canadian R. W. Brock served on attachment to the Royal Engineers in the rank of major, David as the senior of two geologists in appointment as such with the British Army in France and Belgium 1916–1919, Brock in Palestine 1918–1919. (David was rewarded by promotion to lieutenant-colonel ten days before the end of hostilities). During World War II, between 1939 and 1945, W. B. R. King, F. W. Shotton, J. V. Stephens, W. A. Macfadyen, J. L. Farrington and D. R. A. Ponsford plus the South Africans H. F. Frommurze and G. L. Paver (and possibly also H. Digby Roberts) all achieved the rank of major whilst in appointment as geologists serving with British forces, complemented in the Far East by Majors A. J. Haworth and A. N. Thomas supervised by E. J. Bradshaw for the Indian Army. (King was rewarded with promotion to lieutenant-colonel in October 1943, when released from the Army to take up appointment as Woodwardian Professor of Geology at the University of Cambridge). During the remaining twentieth century, N. L. Falcon, D. R. A. Ponsford, A. W. Woodland, A. F. Fox, Frank Moseley, R. M. S. Perrin, S. C. L. Hobden, L. R. M. Cocks and J. C. Eaton became geologist majors in the British reserve army, and five majors were promoted to be geologist lieutenant colonels: T. G. Miller 1964–1967, N. F. Hughes 1967–1970, P. I. Manning 1971–1972, E. P. F. Rose 1978–1987 (colonel 1987–1990) and M. S. Rosenbaum 1995–2001. Thereafter, a post for a geologist lieutenant colonel became established in the British reserve army, an appointment held by R. I. L. Dow 2006–2011, S. R. S. Matthews 2011–2014, M. H. K. Bulmer 2014– 2019, A. G. Craig 2019–2022, and S. R. S. Matthews again from 2022, each supported by one or two geologist majors. In 200 years, about 21 British military geologists achieved the final rank of major and only 11 the higher rank of lieutenant colonel (the highest rank yet to be attained by a geologist to serve operationally as such in the British Army). Overall, they helped to pioneer and to promote an innovative range of military applications of geology.

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Gartshore, Heather. "Called to Serve, Shunned as Citizens: How the Australian Women’s Land Army Was Recruited and Abandoned by the Labor Government." Labour History: Volume 117, Issue 1 117, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2019.21.

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The establishment and contribution of the Australian Women’s Land Army (AWLA) during World War II was welcomed by farmers. At that time prime ministers and premiers, along with a range of politicians, labelled their work as a vital war service, applauding their efforts as enabling Australia’s victory. However, in 1945, and following the war, key political leaders turned their back on this appreciation, denying the AWLA access to post-war benefits and services. This paper documents the reasons for the work of the AWLA from 1942 to 1945 and traces how the Labor Government in 1945 dismissed their contribution. It argues that to a large extent, this responsibility for denying the women the recognition and benefits that had been promised was a betrayal of the women they had called in to service.

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ROSE, EDWARD P. F. "CANADIAN LINKS WITH BRITISH MILITARY GEOLOGY 1814 TO 1945." Earth Sciences History 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 130–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-40.1.130.

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ABSTRACT Military applications of geology became apparent within the United Kingdom during the nineteenth century, and were developed during the First World War and more extensively during the Second, incidentally by some officers with links to Canada. In the nineteenth century, three Royal Engineer major-generals with geological interests had served there briefly: Joseph Ellison Portlock (1794–1864) helped to stem invasion of Upper Canada by the United States Army in 1814, pioneer geological survey in Ireland from 1826, and promote knowledge of geology amongst British Army officers; Frederick Henry Baddeley (1794–1879) helped to pioneer geological studies in south-east Canada in the 1820s; Richard John Nelson (1803–1877) served in Canada after mapping the geology of Jersey in 1828 and making geological observations in Bermuda. During the First World War, Tannatt William Edgeworth David (1858–1934), a Welsh-born Australian and from 1916 to 1918 the senior of two geologists serving with the British Army on the Western Front, had a Canadian military family link through his mother; and Reginald Walter Brock (1874–1935), Dean of Applied Science at the University of British Columbia and a distinguished Canadian geologist, interrupted his career for infantry service in Europe but was used as a geologist from mid-1918, in Palestine. During the Second World War, the British military geologist Frederick William Shotton (1906–1990) provided geological advice to, amongst other units, Canadian forces who generated thematic maps for parts of northern France that predicted ‘going’ (conditions affecting cross-country vehicle mobility) to follow the D-Day Allied landings in Normandy. In 1943, Thomas Crawford Phemister (1902–1982), Professor and Head of the Department of Geology and Mineralogy at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland but from 1926 to 1932 an associate professor at the University of British Columbia, as an ‘emergency’ Royal Engineers captain founded the Geological Section of the Inter-Service Topographical Department, a unit whose reports and thematic maps provided terrain intelligence for Allied forces in both Europe and the Far East from a base in England, within the University of Oxford. John Leonard Farrington (1906–1982), an undergraduate student from 1923 to 1928 of Brock and/or Phemister at the University of British Columbia, co-founded the Section and soon succeeded Phemister as its head, from 1944 to 1945 in the rank of major. Soon after 1945, military geologists became established in continuity within the British Army.

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Lawrence, Ruth E., and Marc P. Bellette. "Gold, timber, war and parks : A history of the Rushworth Forest in central Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10022.

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The Rushworth Forest is a Box and Ironbark open sclerophyll forest in central Victoria that has been subject to a long history of gold mining activity and forest utilisation. This paper documents the major periods of land use history in the Rushworth Forest and comments on the environmental changes that have occurred as a result. During the 1850s to 1890s, the Forest was subject to extensive gold mining operations, timber resource use, and other forest product utilisation, which generated major changes to the forest soils, vegetation structure and species cover. From the 1890s to 1930s, concern for diminishing forest cover across central Victoria led to the creation of timber reserves, including the Rushworth State Forest. After the formation of a government forestry department in 1919, silvicultural practices were introduced which aimed at maximising the output of tall timber production above all else. During World War II, the management of the Forest was taken over by the Australian Army as Prisoner of War camps were established to harvest timber from the Forest for firewood production. Following the War, the focus of forestry in Victoria moved away from the Box and Ironbark forests, but low value resource utilisation continued in the Rushworth Forest from the 1940s to 1990s. In 2002, about one-third of the Forest was declared a National Park and the other two-thirds continued as a State Forest. Today, the characteristics of the biophysical environment reflect the multiple layers of past land uses that have occurred in the Rushworth Forest.

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Andrews, Jason David, and James Connor. "UNSW and the establishment of the Faculty of Military Studies at the Royal Military College, Duntroon: 1965-1968." History of Education Review 44, no. 2 (October 5, 2015): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-04-2013-0016.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the University of New South Wales (UNSW) in the establishment of the Faculty of Military Studies (FMS) at the Royal Military College (RMC) at Duntroon between 1965 and 1968. And, in so doing, detail the academic culture and structure of the FMS at its inception in 1968. Design/methodology/approach – Given the small body of literature on the subject, the chronology of events was developed primarily through archival research and interview transcripts, supplemented by correspondence and formal interviews with former academic staff of the FMS (UNSW HREAP A-12-44). Findings – This paper reveals the motivations for, issues encountered, and means by which UNSW’s administration under Sir Philip Baxter were willing and able to work with the Army to establish the FMS. In so doing, it reveals the FMS as a “compromise institution” in which the role of UNSW and the academic staff was to deliver a professional education subordinate to the imperatives of the RMC’s socialization and military training regime. Research limitations/implications – Primary materials were restricted to archived documentation comprised of correspondence and meeting minutes as well as a limited group of witnesses – both willing and able – to provide insight into UNSW and RMC in the mid-1960s. Originality/value – This paper presents an original account of the establishment of the FMS and the role of Sir Philip Baxter and the UNSW administration in pioneering the institutional forbearer of the Australian Defence Force Academy.

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Crotty, Martin. "Expertise, Authority and Control: The Australian Army Medical Corps in the First World War. By AlexiaMoncrieff (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2020), pp. 236. AU$59.95 (hb)." Australian Journal of Politics & History 67, no. 1 (March 2021): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12733.

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Witcomb, Andrea, and Alistair Patterson. "Collections without End." Museum Worlds 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2018.060108.

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The discovery of five photographs in 2018 in the State Library of Western Australia led us to the existence of a forgotten private museum housing the collection of Captain Matthew McVicker Smyth in early-twentieth-century Perth. Captain Smyth was responsible for the selling of Nobel explosives used in the agriculture and mining industries. The museum contained mineral specimens in cases alongside extensive, aesthetically organized displays of Australian Aboriginal artifacts amid a wide variety of ornaments and decorative paintings. The museum reflects a moment in the history of colonialism that reminds us today of forms of dispossession, of how Aboriginal people were categorized in Australia by Western worldviews, and of the ways that collectors operated. Our re-creation brings back into existence a significant Western Australian museum and opens up a new discussion about how such private collections came into existence and indeed, in this instance, about how they eventually end.

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Elokhina, Alexandra, and Evgeny Stelnik. "Reconstruction of the Battle on the Hills in the South of Stalingrad of September 8 - September 10, 1942." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (November 2021): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.5.20.

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Introduction. The result of the Battle of Stalingrad supersedes the course of the battle itself in a great deal of historical literature. Therefore, it is no coincidence that in recent literature Stalingrad is increasingly becoming “mythologized” (A. Isaev), “unknown” (E. Kobyakov) or “forgotten” (A. Chunikhin), the return to the actual history of the Battle of Stalingrad takes the form of criticism of a generalized view, which on examination often turns out to be incorrect. Methods and materials. The work uses the methods of microhistory formulated in 1958 by the American historian J. Stewart. The actions of Red Army units are reconstructed on the basis of documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The actions of Wehrmacht units are described on the basis of captured German documents from Fund 500 of the same archive. The data from the battle log of the XXXXVIII Panzer Corps and the battle log of the 24th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht were taken from the book of Australian historian J. Mark. Analysis. The terrain to the south and south-east of Stalingrad largely determined the course of battle of the operational group of Major-General N.M. Pozharsky and the right flank divisions of the 64th Army with units of XXXXVIII Panzer Corps of General V. Kämpf. The essence of this confrontation was a fierce struggle for commanding heights. Results. At 16:30 on 11 September Major von der Lancken’s group was disbanded, and the tanks returned to their divisions. As a result of the offensive of September 8-11 the Germans managed to capture key heights in the south of Stalingrad. Nevertheless, in these battles XXXXVIII Panzer Corps suffered losses that it could not make up for. This gave the defenders of Stalingrad a chance, which they took. Due to the large volume of archival materials, the author’s team was divided. A.K. Elokhina processed German sources, and E.V. Stelnik processed data from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The concept of the article emerged in the course of joint discussions.

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Haveric, Dzavid. "ANZAC Muslims." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 3, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v3i3.147.

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When the Commonwealth of Australia became immersed in two World Wars, Australian Muslims accepted the national call – they shed their blood and gave their lives for Australia’s freedom and democracy. With their Australian brothers-in-arms and allies they fought courageously with honour against their common enemies in different battlefields – but this is an almost forgotten history. Muslims in Australia were challenged by Britain’s imperial might and by their status as British subjects and ‘aliens’ to take part in ANZAC showing their commitment to their adopted country. The virtue of justice, sense of responsibility and loyalty are peculiar qualities that find their full justification in the organised welfare of Australian society. This pioneering article, based on ongoing research on ANZAC Muslims, makes known their unique contribution. It reveals historic facts about ANZAC Muslims who were members of what has come to be known as the Heroic Generation. Although their names have not appeared in history books, they achieved the glory of victory for a better future for new generations to come. Their contribution is part of Australian National Heritage – Lest we forget.

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Landsberg, Hannelore, and Marie Landsberg. "Wilhelm von Blandowski's inheritance in Berlin." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 121, no. 1 (2009): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs09172.

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This article discusses Blandowski’s collections held in various libraries and museums in Berlin, Germany. Wilhelm von Blandowski (1822-1878) was a Prussian ‘Berliner’. He was born in Upper Silesia, a province of Prussia. He worked there in the mining industry and later attended lectures in natural history at the University of Berlin. Following a period in the army, he was influenced by the March Revolution in Germany in 1848. As a result, he left the civil service and migrated to Australia. Blandowski’s first approach to the Museum of Natural History in Berlin was an offer of objects, lithography and paintings ‘forwarded from the Museum of Natural History, Melbourne Australia’ in 1857. After returning to Prussia, Blandowski tried unsuccessfully to get support for publishing Australien in 142 photographischen Abbildungen. Today the Department for Historical Research of the Museum of Natural History owns more than 350 paintings as the ‘Legacy Blandowski’. The paintings illustrate Blandowski’s time in Australia, his enormous knowledge of natural history, his eye for characteristic details of objects and his ability to instruct other artists and to use their work. The text will show these aspects of Blandowski’s life and work and will give an insight into the database of Blandowski’s paintings held at the Humboldt University, Berlin.

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Cooter, Roger. "Michael B. Tyquin, Gallipoli: the medical war. The Australian army medical services in the Dardanelles campaign of 1915, Modern History series, Kensington, NSW, New South Wales University Press, 1993, pp. xiv, 277, illus., Austral. $39.95 (0-86840-189-7)." Medical History 38, no. 02 (April 1994): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300059184.

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Cass, Philip. "REVIEW: History of Vietnam War places correspondent roles in broader setting." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 25, no. 1&2 (July 31, 2019): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v25i1and2.496.

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Vietnam: An epic tragedy 1945-1975, by Max Hastings. London: William Collins. 2018. 722 pages. ISBN 978-0-00-813298-9WHEN SAIGON fell, 44 years ago on 30 April 1975, a number of journalists, photographers and cameramen were there to witness the final humiliation of the United States. Journalist John Pilger and cameraman Neil Davis, both Australians, were there to see the North Vietnamese Army take the city, as was New Zealander Peter Arnett, among others. Pilger’s slim volume about those events, The Last Day, is a classic. Davis survived Saigon, but filmed his own death while covering an attempted coup in Bangkok in 1987.

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Daniel, Esther. "‘Solving an Empire problem’: the Salvation Army and British juvenile migration to Australia." History of Education Review 36, no. 1 (June 24, 2007): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08198691200700003.

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Evans, Raymond, and Michael Cathcart. "Defending the National Tuckshop. Australia's secret army intrigue of 1931." Labour History, no. 56 (1989): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27508940.

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Massam, Katharine. "The blue army and the cold war: Anti‐communist devotion to the blessed virgin mary in Australia." Australian Historical Studies 24, no. 97 (October 1991): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314619108595857.

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Twomey, Paul. "Small Power Security through Great Power Arms Control?—Australian Perceptions of Disarmament, 1919–1930." War & Society 8, no. 1 (May 1990): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/106980490790305748.

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Jenzen-Jones, N. R. "Australia's Bullpup Rifles: A Developmental History of the F88 and EF88 Self-loading Rifles." Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms VII, no. 2 (2021): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52357/armax75765.

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Following the experience of the Vietnam War, and in keeping with NATO military trends of the time, Australia began the search for a rifle chambered for a small- calibre, high-velocity cartridge in the 1980s. In 1988, Australia’s bicentenary year, the Austrian Steyr AUG was adopted as the F88 ‘Austeyr’. Manufactured domestically in Lithgow, New South Wales, the F88 went on receive a series of modifications under three distinct upgrade programmes, before being reconceived as the Enhanced F88 (EF88) from 2009 onwards. Now produced by Thales Australia, this latest iteration of the Austrian bullpup continues to serve the ADF around the world. In tracing the development history of what will soon be Australia’s longest-serving family of domestically produced rifles, the author outlines the challenges of maintaining a robust national manufacturing capability for small arms, and highlights solutions undertaken by Defence, industry, and other stakeholders.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Australian Army history'

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