Academic literature on the topic 'Australian Aborigines'
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Journal articles on the topic "Australian Aborigines"
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Rock, Daniel Joseph, and Joachim Franz Hallmayer. "The Seasonal Risk for Deliberate Self-Harm." Crisis 29, no. 4 (July 2008): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.4.191.
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Groups at seasonal risk for deliberate self-harm (DSH) vary according to their geographic location. It is unknown, however, if seasonal risk factors for DSH are associated with place of birth or place of residence as these are confounded in all studies to date. In order to disaggregate place of birth from place of residence we examined general and seasonal risk factors for DSH in three different population birth groups living in Western Australia: Australian Aborigines, Australian born non-Aborigines, and UK migrants. We found Aborigines are at much higher general risk for DSH than non-Aborigines, but are not at seasonal risk, whereas non-Aboriginal Australians and UK migrants are. For UK migrants, this is only found for females. For all groups at seasonal risk this peaks during the austral (southern hemisphere) spring/summer. Furthermore, non-Aboriginal Australians and UK migrants show a consistent pattern of increased case fatality with increasing age. In contrast, case fatality does not increase with age among Australian Aborigines. Overall, despite living in the same environment, the three birth groups show different patterns of seasonal risk for DSH. In particular, the sex difference found between UK migrants and non-Aboriginal Australian birth groups suggests that predisposition toward seasonal risk for DSH is established early in life, but when present this is expressed according to local conditions.
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Christie, M. J. "What is a Part Aborigine?" Aboriginal Child at School 14, no. 1 (March 1986): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200014152.
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There can be no ethnic group in Australia that displays as much diversity as the Australian Aborigines. Their lifestyles range from hunting and gathering in the most remote corners of Australia, through a more settled existence in outback country towns and on the fringes of towns and cities, to an ongoing struggle to survive in the hearts of Australia’s biggest cities. What is it that unites all Aboriginal people regardless of where they live? Many people, white Australians especially, seem to think that it is the racial characteristics, skin colour and “blood”, which makes an Aborigine. To these people, the darker a person’s skin is, the more Aboriginal they are. When this sort of thinking predominates, as it so often does, many Aboriginal people start finding themselves robbed of their Aboriginality. People tell them that they are only half or a quarter Aborigine, or a “part Aborigine”.
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Moore, Terry. "Aboriginal Agency and Marginalisation in Australian Society." Social Inclusion 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2014): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v2i3.38.
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It is often argued that while state rhetoric may be inclusionary, policies and practices may be exclusionary. This can imply that the power to include rests only with the state. In some ways, the implication is valid in respect of Aboriginal Australians. For instance, the Australian state has gained control of Aboriginal inclusion via a singular, bounded category and Aboriginal ideal type. However, the implication is also limited in their respect. Aborigines are abject but also agents in their relationship with the wider society. Their politics contributes to the construction of the very category and type that governs them, and presses individuals to resist state inclusionary efforts. Aboriginal political elites police the performance of an Aboriginality dominated by notions of difference and resistance. The combined processes of governance act to deny Aborigines the potential of being both Aboriginal and Australian, being different and belonging. They maintain Aborigines’ marginality.
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Tran, Ngoc Cao Boi. "SOME IMPACTS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MULTICULTURAL POLICY ON THE CURRENT PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL CULTURE." Science and Technology Development Journal 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2010): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v13i1.2104.
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Different from their ancestors, most of the Australian Aborigines currently live outside their native land but in a multicultural society under the major influence of Western culture. The assimilation policy, the White Australian policy etc. partly deprived Australian aborigines of their traditional culture. The young generations tend to adopt the western style of living, leaving behind their ancestors’ culture without any heir! However, they now are aware of this loss, and in spite of the modern trend of western culture, they are striving for their traditional preservation. In “Multicultural Australia: United in Diversity” announced on 13 May 2003, Australian government stated guidelines for the 2003-2006 development strategies. The goals are to build a successful Australia of diverse cultures, ready to be tolerant to other cultures; to build a united Australia with a shared future of devoted citizens complying with the law. As for Aboriginal culture, the multicultural policy is a recognition of values and significance of the most original features of the country’s earliest culture. It also shows the government’s great concern for the people, especially for the aborigines. All this displays numerous advantages for the preservation of Australian aboriginal culture.
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Perga, T. "Australian Policy Regarding the Indigenous Population (End of the XIXth Century – the First Third of the XXth Century)." Problems of World History, no. 11 (March 26, 2020): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-11-3.
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An analysis of Australia’s governmental policy towards indigenous peoples has been done. The negative consequences of the colonization of the Australian continent have been revealed, in particular, a significant reduction in the number of aborigines due to the spread of alcohol and epidemics, the seizure of their territories. It is concluded that the colonization of Australia was based on the idea of the hierarchy of human society, the superiority and inferiority of different races and groups of people, and accordingly - the supremacy of European culture and civilization. It is demonstrated in the creation of reservations for aborigines and the adoption of legislation aimed at segregating the country's white and colored populations and assimilating certain indigenous peoples into European society, primarily children from mixed marriages. It has been proven that, considering the aborigines an endangered people and seeking to protect them from themselves, Europeans saw the way to their salvation in miscegenation - interracial marriages and the isolation of aboriginal children from their parents. This policy has been pursued since the end of the XIX century by the 1970s and had disrupted cultural and family ties and destroyed aboriginal communities, although government circles positioned it as a policy of caring for indigenous Australians. As a result, the generation of aborigines taken from their parents and raised in boarding schools or families of white Europeans has been dubbed the “lost generation”. The activity of A.O. Neville who for more than two decades held the position of chief defender of the aborigines in Western Australia and in fact became the ideologist of the aborigines’ assimilation policy has been analyzed. He substantiated the idea of the biological absorption of the indigenous Australian race as a key condition for its preservation and extremely harshly implemented the policy of separating Aboriginal children from their parents. It is concluded that the policy towards the indigenous population of Australia in the late XIX – first third of the XX century was based on the principle of discrimination on racial grounds.
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Choo, Christine. "The Impact of Asian - Aboriginal Australian Contacts in Northern Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300218.
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The long history of Asian contact with Australian Aborigines began with the early links with seafarers, Makassan trepang gatherers and even Chinese contact, which occurred in northern Australia. Later contact through the pearling industry in the Northern Territory and Kimberley, Western Australia, involved Filipinos (Manilamen), Malays, Indonesians, Chinese and Japanese. Europeans on the coastal areas of northern Australia depended on the work of indentured Asians and local Aborigines for the development and success of these industries. The birth of the Australian Federation also marked the beginning of the “White Australia Policy” designed to keep non-Europeans from settling in Australia. The presence of Asians in the north had a significant impact on state legislation controlling Aborigines in Western Australia in the first half of the 20th century, with implications to the present. Oral and archival evidence bears testimony to the brutality with which this legislation was pursued and its impact on the lives of Aboriginal people.
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Smith, Arthur. "Becoming Expert in the World of Experts: Factors Affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Participation and Career Path Development in Australian Universities." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 25, no. 2 (October 1997): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100002702.
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In the recent history of Australia Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders have only had widespread access to a university education for approximately 20 years. Before this, Indigenous graduates from Australian universities were relatively few. Universities were seen as complex, often alien places in Indigenous cultural terms; institutions of European Australian social empowerment and credentialling from which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff and students were virtually excluded.
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Dench, Alan. "Pidgin Ngarluma." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 1–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.13.1.02den.
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This paper discusses evidence of an early pidgin in use amongst Aboriginal people of the north west coast of Western Australia. The crucial evidence comes from an Italian manuscript describing the rescue, by local Aborigines, of two castaways wrecked on North West Cape in 1875. The data reveals that the local Aborigines attempted to communicate with the Italian-speaking survivors using what appears to be an Australian language spoken some 300 kilometers further along the coast, around the emerging center of the new Pilbara pearling industry. I present an analysis of the material, showing that it differs from Australian languages of the area in significant ways and can be considered a reduced variety. I conclude that this variety is an indigenous pidgin — the first to be described for Australia.
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Fletcher, Frank. "Finding the Framework to Prepare for Dialogue with Aborigines." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 10, no. 1 (February 1997): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x9701000105.
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It is simplistic to tell Euro-Australians that the condition of Aboriginal people is due solely to our (Euro-Australian) acts of injustice and ignorance. Christians cannot adequately prepare for dialogue with the Aborigines within such a framework. What is needed is a framework that reflects the truth within ourselves as well as about ourselves. The first framework proposed in this essay understands the Euro-Australian “soul” to be caught in a conflict between the modern historical and the primal: a conflict that lies behind much of our treatment of the Aborigines. However, this conflict carries within it a deeper conflict and suppression: facing that conflict brings us to the true transforming framework to dispose for dialogue.
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Ivanov, Aleksey V., and Sergey V. Vasilyev. "Australian Aborigines: geographical variability of craniological features." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology) 48, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2019-48-4/243-251.
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This work is devoted to the study of craniological traits of Australian aborigines (male and female samples) and their geographical differentiation applying a special program of cranial traits. According to the craniological classification (Pestryakov, Grigorieva, 2004), native population of Australia belongs to the Tropid craniotype, i.e. is characterized by a relatively small size and long, narrow and relatively high form of the skull. The primary settlement of the Australian continent could only origin in the North. There are two contrasting craniotypes in Australia, which probably reflect the two main waves of the aboriginal migration across the continent. The skulls of the first migratory wave were larger and relatively low-vaulted. They are mostly characteristic of the aborigines of South Australia, who later also migrated to the north, to the arid zone of Central Australia. The second major wave is characterized by smaller high-vaulted skulls, which are now characteristic of the population of the north of the continent (Queensland and, especially, the Northern Territory and North-West Australia). The territory of the southeast of Australia (Victoria and New South Wales states) is the most favorable area for human living. The two main migratory waves mixed there, which led to the observed craniological heterosis. The craniological samples of western and northwestern Australia are also of mixed origin, but are more comparable to the Northern Territory groups. The Tasmanians are significantly different from the General Australian population in terms of craniology. This is especially true for the female sample. Perhaps the ancestors of the Tasmanians represented the very first settlement wave of the ancient Sahul continent, before the separation of the island from the mainland.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Australian Aborigines"
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Hughes, Ian. "Self-Determination: Aborigines and the State in Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/931.
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This thesis is an inquiry into the possibility of Aboriginal autonomy under the regime of a state policy which commands self determination. Debate about policy has been dominated by Western scientific, political and professional knowledge, which is challenged by indigenous paradigms grounded in the Dreaming. A recognition of the role of paradox leads me to an attempt at reconciliation between the old and the new Australian intellectual traditions. The thesis advances the theory of internal colonialism by identifying self-determination as its current phase. During more than 200 years of colonial history the relationship between Aborigines and the state has been increasingly contradictory. The current policy of self-determination is a political paradox. Aboriginal people must either conform to the policy by disobeying it, or reject the policy in obedience to it. Through the policy of self-determination the state constructs a relationship of dependent autonomy with Aboriginal people. In a two-year (1994-95) action research project Kitya Aboriginal Health Action Group was set up to empower a local community to establish an Aboriginal health service despite opposition from the Government Health Service. In collaboration with local general practitioners and volunteers the action group opened a health centre. After the end of formal field work government funding and support for the health service was granted. The project illustrated the paradox of dependent autonomy. What appeared as successful community development was not development, and what appeared as destructive factionalism was empowering. Strategies for change made use of contradictions and paradoxes within the state. As an innovation in the practice of social change, the thesis begins the construction of a model for indigenous community action for self-determination in health.
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Beilby, Justin J. "Tuberculosis in the South Australian aborigines /." Title page, synopsis and table of contents only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmb4223.pdf.
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Ali, Marina, University of Western Sydney, and School of Civic Engineering and Environment. "Antimicrobial metabolites from Australian Acacia." THESIS_XXXX_CEE_Ali_M.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/216.
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As part of an investigation into traditional Australian Aboriginal bush medicine a range of Acacia species have been examined. Several species have been reported to be utilised for the preparation of antimicrobial washes and lotions by Aboriginal tribes. Initial bioactivity screening focussed on antimicrobial activity of the polar/and or non-polar extracts of air dried plant material, and a range of interesting activity has been found. Specifically, of the 94 extracts of Acacia species screened, five showed activity against the fungus C.albicans, 47 showed activity showed activity against the gram positive bacteria S.aureus and five showed activity against the gram negative bacteria E.coli. A retrosynthetic analysis and total synthesis of the novel anisidine alkaloid isolated from Acacia trineura was attempted. A variety of methodologies to generate the lithiate of anisidine and subsequently trap with an appropriate electrophile were attempted. While the results only indicated which methods were appropriate, they did give strong leads for future work in this directionDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Norris, Rae. "The More Things Change ...: Continuity in Australian Indigenous Employment Disadvantage 1788 - 1967." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365768.
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The extent of Australian Indigenous employment disadvantage has been quantitatively established by researchers since the 1970s. Indigenous Australians have higher unemployment and lower participation rates, they are occupationally concentrated in low skill, low paid jobs, and their income is significantly lower on average than that of other Australians. The explanations given for this disadvantage largely focus on skills deficit and geographical location of Indigenous people. However these explanations do not stand up to scrutiny. Indigenous employment disadvantage remains irrespective of where Indigenous Australians live or how well they are qualified. Alternative explanations are clearly needed. A clue to the direction of research is given by the same researchers who acknowledge the legacy of history in creating the situation of disadvantage faced by Indigenous Australians. However, to date the nature of this legacy has not been explored. It is this history which is the focus of this thesis. The research questions which the thesis addresses are: 1. Are there identifiable 'invariant elements' which underpin the institutional forms which have regulated the treatment of Indigenous Australians within the economy, particularly in relation to employment, from colonisation until recent times? 2. Do these invariant elements help explain the continuing employment disadvantage of Indigenous Australians? To examine the history of the treatment of Indigenous Australians in relation to employment, four concepts were developed from the regulation school of economic theory and the work of Appadurai. These concepts are econoscape, reguloscape, invariant elements and institutional forms. The notion of 'scape' allows for recognition that when Australia was colonised, there already existed a set of economic arrangements and social and legal system. The conflict between the introduced economy and legal and social systems can be conceived as a conflict between two econoscapes and reguloscapes. Analysis of the econoscape and reguloscape from international, national and Indigenous perspectives for the period from colonisation to 1850 has enabled the identification of 'invariant elements' which describe the ways of thinking about Aborigines brought to the Australian colonies and adapted to the realities of the Australian situation. The four invariant elements identified are summarised as belief in 1) Aboriginal inferiority; 2) Aboriginal laziness, incapacity and irresponsibility; 3) the need for white intervention in Aboriginal lives; and 4) disregard for Aboriginal understandings, values and choices. The fourth invariant element is conceptualised as the foundation on which basis the other three developed and were able to be perpetuated. Analysis of the laws pertaining to Aborigines promulgated between 1850 and the 1960s in four jurisdictions shows that the same invariant elements influenced the nature of the institutional forms used to limit the freedom of movement and of employment of Indigenous Australians. Although during the period from the 1850s to the 1960s there was ostensibly a change in policy from one of protection to one of assimilation of Indigenous Australians, in fact little changed in terms of perceptions of Aborigines or in the institutional forms which, by the 1920s in all jurisdictions surveyed, controlled every aspect of their lives. Confirmation of the influence of the invariant elements was sought through closer study of two particular cases from the beginning and end of the above time period. These case studies involved examination of the institutional forms within the context of the econoscape and reguloscape of different times, in the first case in Victoria in the 1860s-1880s, and in the second case in the Northern Territory in the 1960s. The analysis indicates that the invariant elements had a continuing influence on perceptions and treatment of Indigenous Australians at least to the referendum of 1967. This thesis establishes, through rigorous analysis based on a robust theoretical and methodological foundation, that identifiable ways of thinking, or invariant elements, have underpinned continuous Indigenous employment disadvantage and help explain this continuing disadvantage. The common explanations of Indigenous disadvantage are also consistent with these invariant elements. The thesis concludes by recommending further research based on the findings of this thesis be conducted to scrutinise policy and practice over the last three to four decades in relation to Indigenous employment. It also emphasises the importance of redefining the problem and finding solutions, tasks which can only be done effectively by Indigenous Australians.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Stephenson, Peta. "Beyond black and white : Aborigines, Asian-Australians and the national imaginary /." Connect to thesis, 2003. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1708.
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This thesis examines how Aboriginality, ‘Asianness’ and whiteness have been imagined from Federation in 1901 to the present. It recovers a rich but hitherto largely neglected history of twentieth century cross-cultural partnerships and alliances between Indigenous and Asian-Australians. Commercial and personal intercourse between these communities has existed in various forms on this continent since the pre-invasion era. These cross-cultural exchanges have often been based on close and long-term shared interests that have stemmed from a common sense of marginalisation from dominant Anglo-Australian society. At other times these cross-cultural relationships have ranged from indifference to hostility, reflecting the fact that migrants of Asian descent remain the beneficiaries of the dispossession of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. (For complete abstract open document)
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Thistleton-Martin, Judith, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Humanities. "Black face white story : the construction of Aboriginal childhood by non-Aboriginal writers in Australian children's fiction 1841-1998." THESIS_CAESS_HUM_ThistletonMartin_J.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/799.
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This thesis is a seminal in-depth study of how non-indigenous writers and illustrators construct Aboriginal childhood in children's fiction from 1841-1998 and focuses not only on what these say about Aboriginal childhood but also what they neglect to say, what they gloss over and what they elide. This study probes not only the construction of aboriginal childhood in children's fiction, but explores the slippage between the lived and imagined experiences which inform the textual and illustrative images of non-Aboriginal writers. This study further contends that neo-colonial variations on the themes informing these images remain part of Australian children's fiction. Aboriginal childhood has played a limited but telling role in Australian children's literature. The very lack of attention to Aboriginal children in Australian children's fiction - white silence - is resonant with denial and self-justification. Although it concentrates on constructions of aboriginal childhood in white Australian children's fiction, this study highlights the role that racial imagery can play in any society, past or present by securing the unwitting allegiance of the young to values and institutions threatened by the forces of change. By examining the image of the Other through four broad thematic bands or myths - the Aboriginal child as the primitive; the identification of the marginalised and as the assimilated and noting the essential similarities that circulate among the chosen texts, this study attempts to reveal how pervasive and controlling the logic of racial and national superiority continues to be. By exploring the dissemination of images of Aboriginal childhood in this way, this study argues that long-lived distortions and misconceptions will become clearerDoctor of Philosophy (Literature)
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Walker, Kate. "Trends in birthweight and infant weights : relationships between early undernutrition, skin lesions, streptococcal infections and renal disease in an Aboriginal community /." Connect to thesis, 1996. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2406.
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Undernutrition in prevalent in Aboriginal communities, in utero, infancy and childhood. It influences childhood morbidity and mortality and growth patterns. Undernutrition and poor socio-economic status also contribute to endemic and epidemic infectious disease, including scabies and streptococcal infection. It has been suggested that early undernutrition, and streptococcal and scabies infection are risk factors for renal disease, which is at epidemic levels and increasing. This thesis examines the prevalence of undernutrition in newborns and infants in an Aboriginal community over time, and its impact on childhood growth and child and adult renal markers. The association between skin lesions, streptococcal serology, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) and renal markers as evaluated through a community wide screening program in 1992-1995 is also examined. Birthweights have increased since the 1960s, but they are still much lower than the non-Aboriginal values. Weights in infancy have decreased since the 1960s. At screening in childhood stunting was common, reflecting the presence of long-term poor nutrition in infancy. In both adults and children, birth weight and infant weights were negatively associated with albuminuria measured by the albumin to creatine ratio (ACR).
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Hughes, Ian. "Self-Determination: Aborigines and the State in Australia." School of Community Health, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/931.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This thesis is an inquiry into the possibility of Aboriginal autonomy under the regime of a state policy which commands self determination. Debate about policy has been dominated by Western scientific, political and professional knowledge, which is challenged by indigenous paradigms grounded in the Dreaming. A recognition of the role of paradox leads me to an attempt at reconciliation between the old and the new Australian intellectual traditions. The thesis advances the theory of internal colonialism by identifying self-determination as its current phase. During more than 200 years of colonial history the relationship between Aborigines and the state has been increasingly contradictory. The current policy of self-determination is a political paradox. Aboriginal people must either conform to the policy by disobeying it, or reject the policy in obedience to it. Through the policy of self-determination the state constructs a relationship of dependent autonomy with Aboriginal people. In a two-year (1994-95) action research project Kitya Aboriginal Health Action Group was set up to empower a local community to establish an Aboriginal health service despite opposition from the Government Health Service. In collaboration with local general practitioners and volunteers the action group opened a health centre. After the end of formal field work government funding and support for the health service was granted. The project illustrated the paradox of dependent autonomy. What appeared as successful community development was not development, and what appeared as destructive factionalism was empowering. Strategies for change made use of contradictions and paradoxes within the state. As an innovation in the practice of social change, the thesis begins the construction of a model for indigenous community action for self-determination in health.
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Mackay, Anna Georgia. "The idea of ‘genocide’ in the Australian context 1959-1978." Thesis, Department of History, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14028.
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This study attempts to trace the meaning of the word ‘genocide’ in its use in the Australian context. Adopting an historical contextualist approach. the study finds that ‘genocide’ emerged in 1959, in the assimilation critique of Stanley F. Davey, where it was used to condemn the perceived psychological effects of assimilation policy upon Aborigines as an emergent social collectivity. This idea of ‘genocide’ was predominant in Australian discourse throughout the 1960s and 1970s, gaining recognition as ‘the Aboriginal perspective’. As such, it encountered the obstacle of European Australians who maintained an objective understanding of Aboriginal identity, contained in visions of both ‘assimilation’ and ‘integration’. I examine the case of Tasmanian discourse history, where these two perspectives on Aboriginality and ‘genocide’ came into direct conflict over the claim of Tasmanians’ extinction. The study concludes by raising the question of how scholars may approach the identification and discussion of this Aboriginal concept of identity genocide in a scholarly context, given that its meaning is predicated on subjective historical experiences and feelings.
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Foster, Susanne. "Contemporary indigenous art reflecting the place of prison experiences in indigenous life /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2005. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARAHM/09arahmf7541.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.(St.Art.Hist.)) -- University of Adelaide, Master of Arts (Studies in Art History), School of History and Politics, Discipline of History, 2005.Coursework. "March 2005" Bibliography: leaves 179-190.
Books on the topic "Australian Aborigines"
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Nile, Richard. Australian aborigines. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1993.
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Edmonds, Helen L. Australian aborigines. Hove: Wayland, 1995.
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Nile, Richard. Australian aborigines. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1993.
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Nile, Richard. Australian aborigines. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1993.
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Inc, World Book, ed. Australian aborigines. Chicago: World Book, 2009.
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Smith, W. Ramsay. Myths and legends of the Australian aborigines. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications, 2003.
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Rosser, Bill. Dreamtime nightmares: Biographies of Aborigines under the Queensland Aborigines Act. Victoria,Australia: Penguin, 1987.
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Rosser, Bill. Dreamtime nightmares: Biographies of Aborigines under the Queensland Aborigines Act. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1985.
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Henson, Barbara. A straight-out man: F.W. Albrecht and Central Australian Aborigines. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1992.
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Henson, Barbara. A straight-out man: F.W. Albrecht and Central Australian Aborigines. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Australian Aborigines"
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Cull, Denise M., and David M. Wehner. "Australian Aborigines." In Sourcebook of Treatment Programs for Sexual Offenders, 431–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1916-8_29.
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Laidlaw, Ronald W. "The Australian Aborigines." In Mastering Australian History, 1–24. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09168-3_1.
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Green, Allen C. "Diseases Among Australian Aborigines." In Global Dermatology, 120–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2614-7_22.
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Khoury, Peter. "Aborigines and the Politics of Alcohol." In Australian Welfare, 216–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11081-0_10.
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Jürgen, Tampke, and Doxford Colin. "German missionaries and Australian Aborigines." In Australia, Wilkommen, 64–93. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003352877-4.
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Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, Srinivas, Leonard S. Piers, Sidya Raghavan, and Kerin O’Dea. "Anthropometric Measurements in Australian Aborigines." In Handbook of Anthropometry, 2593–613. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1788-1_161.
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McNamara, Natascha. "Australian Aborigines — A Question of Identity." In Australia Towards 2000, 95–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10785-8_8.
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Keen, Ian. "Aborigines and Islanders in Australian Society." In A Sociology of Australian Society, 213–52. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15184-4_7.
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Spurgeon, Christina. "Challenging Technological Determinism: Aborigines, Aussat and Remote Australia." In Australian Communications and the Public Sphere, 27–45. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11077-3_3.
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Briscoe, Gordon. "Class, ‘Welfare’ and Capitalism: The Role Aborigines have Played in the State — building Processes in Northern Territory History." In Australian Welfare, 197–215. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11081-0_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Australian Aborigines"
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Murray, Gabrielle, and Cathy Doe. "Embedding Indigenous Perspectives: A Consideration of Place in Local and Transnational Education." In Tenth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head24.2024.17171.
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This paper discusses a program of work undertaken by RMIT University, Australia, to embed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives in curriculum in both its Australian and off-shore campuses. It takes a first step in the consideration of the complexities that arise when First Peoples’ knowledge systems and cultural practices are exported—and frequently collide—with the idea of the global. It does this through a consideration of ‘place’, place being so vital to Indigenous cultures. While the paper is case specific, its discussion of how to frame the significance of place in the context of higher education and understanding how this might translate globally has relevance for all education institutions wishing to create inclusive education environments.
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Butcher, Andrew, and Victoria Anderson. "The vowels of Australian Aboriginal English." In Interspeech 2008. ISCA: ISCA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-145.
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Leong, Tuck Wah, Christopher Lawrence, and Greg Wadley. "Designing for diversity in Aboriginal Australia." In OZCHI'19: 31ST AUSTRALIAN CONFERENCE ON HUMAN-COMPUTER-INTERACTION. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3369457.3369505.
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Laird, P., R. Foong, S. Brahim, E. Mc Kinnon, M. Cooper, R. Walker, E. Smith, A. Chang, and A. Schultz. "Prevalence of chronic respiratory disease in Australian Aboriginal children." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.4320.
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Navaratnam, V., DL Forrester, AB Chang, SC Dharmage, and G. Singh. "P62 The association between perinatal and early life exposures and lung function in australian aboriginal young adults: the australian aboriginal birth cohort study." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2019, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 4 to 6 December 2019, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2019-btsabstracts2019.205.
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Le Ferrand, Eric, Steven Bird, and Laurent Besacier. "Learning From Failure: Data Capture in an Australian Aboriginal Community." In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.342.
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Mehra, Sumit, Lam Chor, Stuart Campbell, and Subash Heraganahally. "Adult Bronchiectasis in the Northern Territory of Australia: The Aboriginal and Non-aboriginal comparative study." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.4099.
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Wyeld, Theodor. "Encoded Cultural Heritage Knowledge in Australian Aboriginal Traditional Representation of Country." In 2008 12th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv.2008.83.
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Crump, Vanessa, and Yvonne C. Davila. "UNDERSTANDING STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES AFTER INCORPORATING INDIGENOUS PERSPECTIVES IN A POSTGRADUATE SCIENCE COMMUNICATION." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v2end005.
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"Many Australian universities have recently incorporated Indigenous graduate attributes into their programs, and the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) is no exception. This project aimed to investigate students’ perceptions and experiences of learning about Indigenous Knowledge systems and culture while developing science communication skills. Advanced Communication Skills in Science is a core subject in the Master of Science program at UTS. An existing assessment task, a three-minute thesis style oral presentation, was reworked to include the Indigenous Graduate Attribute (IGA) developed for the Faculty of Science. Students researched an aspect of Indigenous Science, an area of emerging interest for cultural and scientific understanding, and a mechanism for empowering Australia’s diverse first nations peoples. They then presented their key message in three minutes using a single PowerPoint slide. This task allowed students to demonstrate an awareness and appreciation of multiple ways of developing understandings of nature while enhancing their ability to understand the role of science communication in the modern world. Students were surveyed at the beginning and end of the semester to establish their Indigenous Science conceptions and reflect on their experiences. Students demonstrated an outstanding ability to integrate appropriate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledges, experience, and analysis into a key message. Most students reported greater familiarity with concepts such as Indigenous Science and provided richer definitions of what this means. When asked if understanding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledges and cultural practices might impact their practice as a scientist, many felt their perspective had changed and that reflecting on their cultural values and beliefs had improved their cultural capability. Most students responded that this subject challenged (at least to a degree) some firmly held assumptions, ideas, and beliefs."
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Szapiro, Deborah, Cat Kutay, Jaime Garcia, William Raffe, and Richard Green. "Learning on Country A Game-Based Experience of an Australian Aboriginal Language." In International Conference of Innovation in Media and Visual Design (IMDES 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201202.054.
Full textReports on the topic "Australian Aborigines"
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Buchanan, Riley, Daniel Elias, Darren Holden, Daniel Baldino, Martin Drum, and Richard P. Hamilton. The archive hunter: The life and work of Leslie R. Marchant. The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/reports/2021.2.
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Professor Leslie R. Marchant was a Western Australian historian of international renown. Richly educated as a child in political philosophy and critical reason, Marchant’s understandings of western political philosophies were deepened in World War Two when serving with an international crew of the merchant navy. After the war’s end, Marchant was appointed as a Protector of Aborigines in Western Australia’s Depart of Native Affairs. His passionate belief in Enlightenment ideals, including the equality of all people, was challenged by his experiences as a Protector. Leaving that role, he commenced his studies at The University of Western Australia where, in 1952, his Honours thesis made an early case that genocide had been committed in the administration of Aboriginal people in Western Australia. In the years that followed, Marchant became an early researcher of modern China and its relationship with the West, and won respect for his archival research of French maritime history in the Asia-Pacific. This work, including the publication of France Australe in 1982, was later recognised with the award of a French knighthood, the Chevalier d’Ordre National du Mèrite, and his election as a fellow to the Royal Geographical Society. In this festschrift, scholars from The University of Notre Dame Australia appraise Marchant’s work in such areas as Aboriginal history and policy, Westminster traditions, political philosophy, Australia and China and French maritime history.
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Riley, Brad. Scaling up: Renewable energy on Aboriginal lands in north west Australia. Nulungu Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/nrp/2021.6.
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This paper examines renewable energy developments on Aboriginal lands in North-West Western Australia at three scales. It first examines the literature developing in relation to large scale renewable energy projects and the Native Title Act (1993)Cwlth. It then looks to the history of small community scale standalone systems. Finally, it examines locally adapted approaches to benefit sharing in remote utility owned networks. In doing so this paper foregrounds the importance of Aboriginal agency. It identifies Aboriginal decision making and economic inclusion as being key to policy and project development in the 'scaling up' of a transition to renewable energy resources in the North-West.
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Moore, Gabriel, Greer Dawson, and Chloe Gao. Transfer of care programs focusing on Aboriginal people. The Sax Institute, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/wols2976.
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This review aimed to identify promising models for transfer of care initiatives in Australia that have been designed and implemented with an Aboriginal perspective to meet the needs of Aboriginal communities. These initiatives aim to improve transfer of care for Aboriginal patients to and from hospital care and back to primary care (GP and community). The reviews findings are reported under: studies focusing on transfer of care, studies focusing on care pathways, and early intervention principles. Specific programs focusing on different health conditions are summarised, and barriers and facilitators to success were identified and included. The review was commissioned by the Agency for Clinical Innovation who have identified improving transfer of care for Aboriginal people as a priority to improve health outcomes for Aboriginal people.
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Rogers, Jessa, Kate E. Williams, Kristin R. Laurens, Donna Berthelsen, Emma Carpendale, Laura Bentley, and Elizabeth Briant. Footprints in Time: Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children. Queensland University of Technology, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.235509.
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The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC; also called Footprints in Time) is the only longitudinal study of developmental outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children globally. Footprints in Time follows the development of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children to understand what Indigenous children need to grow up strong. LSIC involves annual waves of data collection (commenced in 2008) and follows approximately 1,700 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living in urban, regional, and remote locations. This LSIC Primary School report has been produced following the release of the twelfth wave of data collection, with the majority of LSIC children having completed primary school (Preparatory [aged ~5 years] to Year 6 [aged ~12 years]). Primary schools play a central role in supporting student learning, wellbeing, and connectedness, and the Footprints in Time study provides a platform for centring Indigenous voices, connecting stories, and exploring emerging themes related to the experience of Indigenous children and families in the Australian education system. This report uses a mixed-methods approach, analysing both quantitative and qualitative data shared by LSIC participants, to explore primary school experiences from the perspective of children, parents and teachers. Analyses are framed using a strengths-based approach and are underpinned by the understanding that all aspects of life are related. The report documents a range of topics including teacher cultural competence, racism, school-based Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education activities, parental involvement, engagement, attendance, and academic achievement.
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Shahid, Shaouli, Brandon Lau, Jacqui Holub, and Nicola O’Neil. Support along the cancer pathway for Aboriginal People. The Sax Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/nscx4826.
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This Evidence Check Review, commissioned by the Cancer Institute NSW, reviewed recent evidence relating to cancer care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) peoples and Indigenous peoples from New Zealand and Canada. It aimed to identify barriers to accessing screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management; and effective approaches and interventions for improving access to and coordination of care. The review identifies a number of barriers and summarises effective approaches to improving care. It includes identified strategies and models, and presents a set of key considerations and principles that should be at the forefront of all efforts, policies and initiatives to improve cancer outcomes for ATSI Australians.
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Tinessia, Adeline, Catherine King, Madeleine Randell, and Julie Leask. The effectiveness of strategies to address vaccine hesitancy in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The Sax Institute, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/fobi4392.
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This Evidence Snapshot provides a rapid review of evidence on strategies to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The authors examined strategies to address vaccine hesitancy among Indigenous peoples in well-resourced settings worldwide, focusing on COVID-19 vaccination and the program roll-out. The review included peer-reviewed and grey literature published up to December 2021. Most studies were descriptive qualitative or quantitative with few intervention or evaluation reports to date. However, the review specifically lists author-recommended interventions and provides a list of communication materials publicly available in Australia. The themes for success common across the literature encompass the following headings: know why people aren’t vaccinated to tailor strategies; vaccination rollouts ‘with us not for us’; keep it local; make services convenient and culturally respectful; and support the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander workforce.
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Kerrigan, Susan, Phillip McIntyre, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Geelong and Surf Coast. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.206969.
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Geelong and the Surf Coast are treated here as one entity although there are marked differences between the two communities. Sitting on the home of the Wathaurong Aboriginal group, this G21 region is geographically diverse. Geelong serviced a wool industry on its western plains, while manufacturing and its seaport past has left it as a post-industrial city. The Surf Coast has benefitted from the sea change phenomenon. Both communities have fast growing populations and have benefitted from their proximity to Melbourne. They are deeply integrated with this major urban centre. The early establishment of digital infrastructure proved an advantage to certain sectors. All creative industries are represented well in Geelong while many creatives in Torquay are embedded in the high profile and economically dominant surfing industry. The Geelong community is serviced well by its own creative industries with well-established advertising firms, architects, bookshops, gaming arcades, movie houses, music venues, newspaper headquarters, brand new and iconic performing and visual arts centres, libraries and museums, television and radio all accessible in its refurbished downtown area. Co-working spaces, collective practices and entrepreneurial activity are evident throughout the region.
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Hill, Braden. Unseen inequities: The role of leadership in addressing structural barriers to education in Australian universities. Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Student Services Association, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30688/janzssa.2023-1-05.
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The lack of diversity in leadership positions within the Australian university sector has been a persistent issue, with predominantly older, white, male leaders holding power and shaping the future of higher education. While student demographics have become more diverse, the leadership of academic institutions has not kept pace with these changes. Therefore, as student expectations and attitudes change, university communities are encouraged to (re)consider their commitment to proactively addressing the structural inequalities that continue to impact the journeys of the students we seek to serve. Nevertheless, activist universities—those that proactively and visibly seek to lead on matters of socio-political importance—are few and far between. The referendum to change the constitution to recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people through the establishment of a Voice to Parliament is an example where change has the potential to tangibly address educational inequality. The positions that institutions choose to take (or not), in relation to the attitudes held by a considerable proportion of our student cohorts, presents a strong argument for courageous leadership at all levels of our universities to lead, educate, and advocate for social good.
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McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Coffs Harbour. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.208028.
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Coffs Harbour on the north coast of NSW is a highway city sandwiched between the Great Dividing Range and the Pacific Ocean. For thousands of years it was the traditional land of the numerous Gumbaynggirr peoples. Tourism now appears to be the major industry, supplanting agriculture and timber getting, while a large service sector has grown up around a sizable retirement community. It is major holiday destination. Located further away from the coast in the midst of a dairy farming community, Bellingen has become a centre of alternative culture which relies heavily on a variety of festivals activated by energetic tree changers and numerous professionals who have relocated from Sydney. Both communities rely on the visitor economy and there have been considerable changes to how local government in this region approach strategic planning for arts and culture. The newly built Coffs Harbour Education Campus (CHEC) is an experiment in encouraging cross pollination between innovative businesses and education and incorporates TAFE NSW, Coffs Harbour Senior College and Southern Cross University as well as the Coffs Harbour Technology Park and Coffs Harbour Innovation Centre all on one site. The 250 seat Jetty Memorial Theatre is the main theatre in Coffs Harbour for local and touring productions while local halls and converted theatres are the mainstay of smaller communities in the region. As peak body Arts Mid North Coast reports, there is a good record of successful arts related events which range across all genres of music, art, sculpture, Aboriginal culture, street art, literature and even busking and opera. These are mainly managed by passionate local volunteers.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.