Academic literature on the topic 'Australian 20th century'
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Journal articles on the topic "Australian 20th century"
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Fitch, Kate. "Rethinking Australian public relations history in the mid-20th century." Media International Australia 160, no. 1 (August 2016): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16651135.
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This article investigates the development of public relations in Australia and addresses calls to reconceptualise Australian public relations history. It presents the findings from an analysis of newspaper articles and industry newsletters in the 1940s and 1950s. These findings confirm the term public relations was in common use in Australia earlier than is widely accepted and not confined to either military information campaigns during the war or the corporate sector in the post-war period, but was used by government and public institutions and had increasing prominence through industry associations in the manufacturing sector and in social justice and advocacy campaigns. The study highlights four themes – war and post-war work, non-profit public relations, gender, and media and related industries – that enable new perspectives on Australian public relations history and historiography to be developed.
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Frederiksen, Jorgen S., and Stacey L. Osbrough. "Tipping Points and Changes in Australian Climate and Extremes." Climate 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10050073.
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Systematic changes, since the beginning of the 20th century, in average and extreme Australian rainfall and temperatures indicate that Southern Australian climate has undergone regime transitions into a drier and warmer state. South-west Western Australia (SWWA) experienced the most dramatic drying trend with average streamflow into Perth dams, in the last decade, just 20% of that before the 1960s and extreme, decile 10, rainfall reduced to near zero. In south-eastern Australia (SEA) systematic decreases in average and extreme cool season rainfall became evident in the late 1990s with a halving of the area experiencing average decile 10 rainfall in the early 21st century compared with that for the 20th century. The shift in annual surface temperatures over SWWA and SEA, and indeed for Australia as a whole, has occurred primarily over the last 20 years with the percentage area experiencing extreme maximum temperatures in decile 10 increasing to an average of more than 45% since the start of the 21st century compared with less than 3% for the 20th century mean. Average maximum temperatures have also increased by circa 1 °C for SWWA and SEA over the last 20 years. The climate changes in rainfall an d temperatures are associated with atmospheric circulation shifts.
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Betz, Dorothy M. "Australian Divagations: Mallarme & the 20th Century (review)." Nineteenth Century French Studies 32, no. 3 (2004): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2004.0004.
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Armitage, Marc. "Antipodean traditions: Australian Folklore in the 20th century." International Journal of Play 2, no. 2 (September 2013): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21594937.2013.823812.
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Fleischmann, Andreas. "The huge scientific footprint of Allen James Lowrie (1948 – 2021)." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn511.af192.
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Allen Lowrie was a not a university trained botanist. He was a botanist by passion. His studies and observations of Australian carnivorous plants and triggerplants for about a half-century will inevitably impact every person with an interest in those plants from the Australian flora. It is not an exaggeration to claim that he was probably the most influential person regarding our recent understanding and knowledge of the carnivorous plant flora of Australia. No other botanist – neither 20th or 21st Century nor before – discovered and described to science more new carnivorous plant species or triggerplants.
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Rane, Halim, Adis Duderija, Riyad H. Rahimullah, Paul Mitchell, Jessica Mamone, and Shane Satterley. "Islam in Australia: A National Survey of Muslim Australian Citizens and Permanent Residents." Religions 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11080419.
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This article presents the findings of a national survey on Islam in Australia based on responses of 1034 Muslim Australian citizens and permanent residents. Knowing what Muslim Australians think about Islam in relation to Australian society is essential for a more informed understanding about Islam and Muslims needed to address misinformation, Islamophobia, and extremism. The findings presented in this article include typologies of Muslims; sources of influence concerning Islam; interpretations of the Qur’an; perspectives on ethical, social, and theological issues; issues of concern; social connections and sense of belonging; views on various Muslim-majority countries; and perspectives concerning political Islam, including jihad, caliphate, and shariah. While respondents’ understandings, interpretations, and expressions of Islam overall align with values and principles of equality, human rights, social cohesion, and social justice, a minority were found to understand and interpret Islam in ways that reflect the influence of late 20th and early 21st century ideas associated with Islamist political ideology, and a smaller sub-group were found to have views that could be considered extreme. This article discusses these findings in relation to the early 21st century time-period factors and the Australian social context.
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Matthews, David. "Peter Sculthorpe at 60." Tempo, no. 170 (September 1989): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004029820001799x.
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Peter Sculthorpe's career has been one of remarkable unity of vision and consistency of purpose. From the start, he set out to create a music which, while universal in content, would be specifically Australian in its idiom. At the time he was growing up, this was not an over-simplistic aim, especially when Sculthorpe looked at the music then being written in Australia and saw that, by and large, it was hopelessly dependent on European manners and cultural traditions that could only be acquired at second-hand. Australians were then, and still are, in the process of self-discovery; the best Australian artists have learned that their own country can provide them with richer material for their work than can distant Europe. Painters, especially, have found the extraordinary Australian landscape, where trees shed their bark instead of their leaves, and prehistoric animals roam in a red desert, a potent source of inspiration. Even in the 19th century the painters of the Heidelberg school, in responding to the glaring Australian light, produced work quite different in feeling from the French Impressionists who were their models. In the 20th century a true national school has come into being, whose major figures have all helped to define the Australian landscape's peculiar strangeness – Lloyd Rees, Russell Drysdale, Fred Williams, Arthur Boyd, Sidney Nolan.
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Smyth, Russell, and Vinod Mishra. "The Prestige of Australian State Supreme Courts Over the 20th Century." Australian Journal of Political Science 45, no. 3 (August 17, 2010): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2010.499160.
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Dehm, Sara. "Legal Exclusions: Émigré Lawyers, Admissions to Legal Practice and the Cultural Transformation of the Australian Legal Profession." Federal Law Review 49, no. 3 (May 19, 2021): 327–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x211016574.
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Legal histories of Australia have largely overlooked the exclusion of European émigré lawyers from legal practice in Australia. This article recovers part of this forgotten history by tracing the drawn-out legal admission bids of two Jewish émigré lawyers in the mid-20th century: German-born Rudolf Kahn and Austrian-born Edward Korten. In examining their legal lives and doctrinal legacies, this article demonstrates the changing role and requirement of British subjecthood in the historical constitution and slow cultural transformation of the Australian legal profession. This article suggests that contemporary efforts to promoting cultural diversity in the Australian legal profession are enriched by paying attention to this long and difficult history of legal exclusions.
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EBACH, MALTE C. "A history of biogeographical regionalisation in Australia." Zootaxa 3392, no. 1 (July 18, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3392.1.1.
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The development of Australian biogeographical regionalisation since 1858 has been driven by colonial 19th-centuryexploration and by the late 20th-century biodiversity crisis. The intervening years reduced existing large scaleregionalisation into smaller taxon specific areas of vegetation or endemism. However, large scale biotic biogeographicalregionalisation was rediscovered during multi-disciplinary meetings and conferences, sparking short-term revivals whichhave ended in constant revisions at smaller and smaller taxonomic scales. In 1995 and 1998, the Interim BiogeographicRegionalisation for Australia and the Integrated Marine and Coastal Regionalisation of Australia, AustralianCommonwealth funded initiatives in order to “identify appropriate regionalisations to assess and plan for the protectionof biological diversity”, have respectively replaced 140 years of Australian biogeographical regionalisation schemes. Thispaper looks at the rise and slow demise of biogeographical regionalisation in Australia in light of a fractured taxonomic biogeographical community.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Australian 20th century"
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Buchanan, David. "Contextual thesis Part I & Part II : Book of poems, "Looking off the Southern Edge" ; Stage play (full-length): Ecstasis." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1015.
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This thesis, which accompanies my book of poems Looking Off the Southern Edge and my full-length stage play Ecstasis, is submitted in two parts: Part-I and Part-II. Part-l contextualises the writing practice of the above poems in considering the epistemological, autobiographical and landscape contexts of my poetry. Part-I then discusses how the poetry is involved in the process of decentring subjectivity within the southern India/Pacific arena. It should be pointed out that Part-I was submitted and marked last year, as the first year component of the Master of Arts (Writing) course. It is included this year because much of its thesis informs Part-II (and indeed is referred to and referenced by Part-II), especially in terms of my general theoretical approach to writing poems, plays, as well as the relevance of my music, painting and stained glass practices. Part II mostly addresses the writing of the play Ecstasis. I have however, discussed why I have re-edited, augmented and re-submitted my book of poems. I have then contextualised the writing of the play, by addressing the areas of Apophasis and the Aporia of 'the story', An Ecstatic Dramaturgy and the Undecidable Subject, and Ecstasis and an Endemic Specificity. This play was written, workshopped and enjoyed a partially moved reading (as late as the 11th, November) in the course of this year. While the writing of the piece is addressed under the previous headings, the workshopping and reading process is discussed in Workshopping the 'Spectacle Text' in the Co-operative Medium of 'Theatre. I have also included Appendix (i) in support of this process, in particular, the changes inspired by the reading. The conclusion discusses some of the boundaries for my writing of A Poetry and The Spectacle Text for theatre, and hints at the context required for any writing of experimentation in the southern Indian/Pacific arena.
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Waldmann, Anna. "Desiderius Orban: an Australian romantic." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1987. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26267.
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Desiderius Orban (1884-1986) was born in Hungary. He had been a successful painter and teacher in his country of origin and came to Australia in 1939 as a mature and formed artist. He gained recognition in the Sydney art circles relatively soon after his arrival, had a large number of exhibitions, took part in numerous competitions, became a member of various art groups. Orban published three books and ran an art school from 1941 until his death in October 1986. In an unpublished autobiography written in 1965, Orban commented about his artistic career:
I always had doubt of my achievements. From nature I am sceptical towards my ability. I feel that my progress was a slow but a steady one. From the beginning my intellect played more important part than my emotions. On the other hand nearly all of my paintings have a romantic hint. This contradiction puzzled me a lot. I tried to fight against this romanticism without any success. Apparently my subconscious and my conscious mind disagree.
In his teaching and writings Orban pursued the idea that a creative mind is a mind free of prejudice. In his paintings however, he was unable to flee from the restrictions of conventionalism until the 1960s Orban's desire to translate his creed into artistic terms was hindered by technical limitations. In Orban, the distinction between aesthetic thought and method of expression had produced a constant struggle that resulted in decades of influential romantic teaching and accomplished rather than distinguished middle-of-the-road painting. The denouement of this struggle was achieved in the latter part of his lit when Orban abandoned his semi-illusionist methods. Orban's threefold career as a painter, writer and teacher, was intertwined and has to be viewed in the context of Hungarian and Australian art and thinking, as well as politics and perceptions.
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Gleeson, Damian John School of History UNSW. "The professionalisation of Australian catholic social welfare, 1920-1985." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26952.
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This thesis explores the neglected history of Australian Catholic social welfare, focusing on the period, 1920-85. Central to this study is a comparative analysis of diocesan welfare bureaux (Centacare), especially the Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide agencies. Starting with the origins of professional welfare at local levels, this thesis shows the growth in Catholic welfare services across Australia. The significant transition from voluntary to professional Catholic welfare in Australia is a key theme. Lay trained women inspired the transformation in the church???s welfare services. Prepared predominantly by their American training, these women devoted their lives to fostering social work in the Church and within the broader community. The women demonstrated vision and tenacity in introducing new policies and practices across the disparate and unco-ordinated Australian Catholic welfare sector. Their determination challenged the status quo, especially the church???s preference for institutionalisation of children, though they packaged their reforms with compassion and pragmatism. Trained social workers offered specialised guidance though such efforts were often not appreciated before the 1960s. New approaches to welfare and the co-ordination of services attracted varying degrees of resistance and opposition from traditional Catholic charity providers: religious orders and the voluntary-based St Vincent de Paul Society (SVdP). For much of the period under review diocesan bureaux experienced close scrutiny from their ordinaries (bishops), regular financial difficulties, and competition from other church-based charities for status and funding. Following the lead of lay women, clerics such as Bishop Algy Thomas, Monsignor Frank McCosker and Fr Peter Phibbs (Sydney); Bishop Eric Perkins (Melbourne), Frs Terry Holland and Luke Roberts (Adelaide), consolidated Catholic social welfare. For four decades an unprecedented Sydney-Melbourne partnership between McCosker and Perkins had a major impact on Catholic social policy, through peak bodies such as the National Catholic Welfare Committee and its successor the Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission. The intersection between church and state is examined in terms of welfare policies and state aid for service delivery. Peak bodies secured state aid for the church???s welfare agencies, which, given insufficient church funding proved crucial by the mid 1980s.
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Wang, Labao. "Australian short fiction in the 1980s : continuity and change." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27583.
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This thesis offers a critical survey and a comprehensive bibliography of the
Australian short story in the 1980s. Conceived partly as an continuation of Stephen
Torre’s study of Australian short fiction of the 1940-1980 period, it starts where
Torre’s thesis stopped, focusing on Australian short story writing published in the
ten years between 1981 and 1990. Torre has summed up the 1940-1980 period as
‘a time of development and innovation’ in the history of Australian short fiction. In
comparison, the 1980s is probably best described as a decade of unprecedented
expansion and diversification. During that time, Australian short fiction broke away
from its earlier domination by monolithic traditions and became a much more
eclectic and pluralistic form. Contributing to this eclecticism and plurality were five
different streams of story writing created by five separate groups of writers. Due to
constraints of space, the critical text of the thesis examines only four of them.
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Browne, Vicky Kay. "Images of sound and the sound of images." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24589.
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'The line between art and life should be kept as fluid, and perhaps indistinct, as possible'
Allan Kaprow1
Shortly before beginning this paper I moved into a new house, under the house was my office a
humble room to write in. For over ten years I had been stock piling articles and papers these
were placed in boxes on the floor ready to be unpacked and incorporated into my paper. Away
we went on holiday so I could return, refreshed to start writing. While we were away everything
flooded. I returned to a floating soup of Derrida and Deleuze, a sodden mash of Virilio and
Baudrillard. Floating down the drain was ten years of collected French theory and art writings. It
was like my brain had gone soggy along with my office and all its contents. However, as
everything began to dry out so too did my methodology and writing plan. Sometimes it takes a
flood to reveal the old and come up with the new.
I began to ask why was I doing a masters degree and what kind of paper would my practice
benefit from. I decided that trawling though academic theories in art and using artists as
illustrations for these theories was not going to inform my practice. After considerable thought I
concluded the main things that influenced my work was the stuff of life, the theories and ideas
floating around my brain. Walking the dog, living in the mountains, the radio station I listen to,
are the things that have influenced and moulded both my work and therefore the choice material
and the method of writing this paper. Along the way it is hoped that I can contextualise my work,
where it sits in the art world, what the materials I use mean, and the wider environmental and
political comments I am trying to make.
The paper floats much like the articles in the flood; there is no hypothesis, no monumental
conclusion; no light bulb moment. This mirrors my work, where meaning is often open ended
and contradictory, scale is out of whack, technique is shonky and materials are used in an ad
hoc way. There exists a kind of philosophical approach to the position of art and life, a blurring.
It is this blurring that is the catalyst for this paper. I do not dismiss art theory or theorists, indeed
the paper references Virilio, Bachelard and Deleuze to name a few, but they are not the driving
force behind the paper. The forces that drive the paper are the tangents, the intersections, the
trains of thought that occur when out walking or taking a shower. These are the trails that are
played out, investigated and recorded in this paper.
Chapter one by way of introduction looks at sound devices and music culture ('pop' culture) that
informs my work. It also considers how I use these devices and the wider meanings and
implications arising from this use. I additionally investigate different techniques and influences in my practice such as humour, theatrics and songs. These materials, techniques and influences
give the work meaning which is grounded in the realm of domestic life and social structures.
Chapter two discusses my practice in relation to the wider art world. It is a meditation both on art
movements that have influenced my work and on one way of reading those art movements;
namely Virilio's theories regarding trauma and the catastrophe. The chapter traces some
modernist movements from the futurists to 1960's video and sound artists through to presentday
installations, via Virilio's writings on trauma; it considers the trauma of war and the impact
on art at the time. Then the chapter considers possible traumas existing in the 1960's and the
present day and their impact on art. The chapter concludes with an examination of the impact of
perceived traumas and catastrophes in contemporary society and how they manifest
themselves in my practice.
The remainder of the paper looks at specific things that have informed my practice; namely;
iPods, housing, radio, scale and craft. I try to contextualise these things within my practice and
also give them a wider context via an investigation into their inherent meanings and politics.
The things I have chosen to consider are by no means the only things that inform my work, nor
are they finite. The things that inform my practice today may easily be rejected tomorrow; rather
it is the meditations and considerations behind writing about iPods or radios that are important.
It is the construction of a framework, the casting out of a wider net. I am hoping to capture
meaning and information that works towards contextualising, informing and clarifying my
practice, yet in a method which does not pin it down or estrange it from other possibilities and
directions. In a way this paper could work like a recording of my practice, the Dictaphone could
record another story and lay-down another track but right now, you have this one to read...........
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Burke, Andrew. "Two collections of poetry, Whispering gallery [and] Flight log: Selected Poems 1967-2001: Plus an Essay: The Roots of My Writing." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/291.
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This presentation includes two collections of poetry and one essay. There are two collections of poetry because one of them, Flight Log, is a 'Selected Poems' which necessarily includes much work not written during the course of my MA. However, I contend that the process of constructing a 'selected' collection is as creative as the editing process one knows through writing poetry, and that respect for one former creativity is a vital part of the artist's continuing productivity. The new manuscript, Whispering Gallery, is the text of my fifth book, published by Sunline Press in November 2001. Originally it was envisaged as a collection of contemporary haibun in a form predominantly created by John Tranter, but creating to a set form became a chore rather than a creative delight, so I returned to a fundamental lyric form for many of the later poems. Hopefully it now has a wide range of tones and moods yet is cohesive through form and content.
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Gruner, Billy. "Painting the object : recent formal Australian painting." Phd thesis, Sydney College of the Arts, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4992.
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Williams, Kerry. "Fleshing the facade : the manual." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1989. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27858.
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Anyone moderately familiar with the rigours of composition will not need to be told the story in detail; how he wrote and it seemed good; read and it seemed vile; corrected and tore up; cut out; put in; was in ecstasy; in despair; had his good nights and bad mornings; snatched at ideas and lost them; saw his book plain before him and it vanished; acted his people's parts as he ate; mouthed them as he walked; now cried; now laughed; vacillated between this style and that; now preferred the heroic and pompous; next the plain and simple ... [Virginia Woolf. 1977. Orlando. London: Grafton Books, p. 51)
And in the creation of this documentation there has been a question of style. How to write and present the written documentation so that it is complementary to and in harmony with the visual representation, both in terms of content and tone?
The answer has been to use the game as a metaphor and to cut the deck three ways:
First is the theoretical framework covering the broad perspective of the social environment, the women's movement and the art arena. It is the objective section, but it is written to reflect a "life's experiences"
approach rather than a purely academic interest in the subject matter.
Set in a games framework, with fictional titles, it provides the more "all knowing" element in the discussion.
Second are the autobiographical details presented under the guise of Alice. These stories have been written in a more childlike, innocent fashion reflecting the often unwitting involvement of players in the matrix of social games.
Third are the visual images of the artwork. The artwork itself is not directly discussed but rather included where appropriate throughout the text, drawing from the theoretical and/or the personal.
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Bell, Pamela. "Art that never was : representations of the artist in twentieth-century Australian fiction." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7310.
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This thesis traces the development of the artist figure as a leading character in twentieth-century Australian novels. In Australia there have always been complex interconnections between the worlds of art and literature, perhaps the most obvious being the cluster of artists and writers centred on the journal Vision, co-edited by Norman Lindsay’s son Jack with Kenneth Slessor, who was heavily influenced by Lindsay. Slessor’s poem “Five Bells”, an elegy for his artist friend Joe Lynch, later became the subject of a mural painted for Sydney Opera House by John Olsen. Although this and other connections between poetry and art are of interest, this thesis concentrates on fiction only.
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Armanno, Venero. "The volcano." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
Find full textAbstract:
The problems associated with marketing in China have been raised in several studies in the last 10 years. However, these prior studies focused on the four elements of
marketing mix for China and not on strategic marketing for the market in China, nor did they emphasise the implications of culture and marketing systems in China for developing strategic marketing plans.
This thesis has focused on building a general framework that could help Western firms, particularly Hong Kong-based, to develop strategic marketing plans that deal with
Chinese cultures and marketing systems in China. Therefore this thesis addresses the
research problem:How do wholly-owned Western firms in Hong Kong develop strategic marketing plans to do business in China? This research reviewed the available literature relating to cultures and marketing
systems in the West and China. By comparing and contrasting these differences, eleven research questions were formulated and shown as follow. In developing strategic marketing plans for the market in China: RQJ: how is market research as important a foundation for strategic marketing effectiveness as it is in the West?
RQ2: how is planning longer-term than in the West?
RQ3: how is the approach evolutionary rather than revolutionary, compared to the
West?
RQ4: how does strategy emphasise long-term relationships with and among consumers
(for example, by offering sales service) more than in the West?
RQ5: how does target marketing emphasise the group rather than the individual?
RQ6: how are product line strategies different.from those in the West?
RQ7: how do marketing strategies allow for less flexibility in price than in the West?
RQB: how will promotion strategies which Western firms can exercise within
distribution channels in China be similar to those used in the West?
RQ9: how are the choice of institutions and levels of channels in China different from
those in the West?
RQI Oa: how is market segmentation of consumers in China more difficult than in the
West?
RQllb: how can cultural differences between West and China be used as a basis for market segmentation?
As discussed in chapter 3, data were collected by using the case study methodology,with one pilot case study conducted in Brisbane to refine the research protocol and
procedure. In the major stage of data collection, six wholly-owned Western firms from different industries were interviewed and examined in Hong Kong. As discussed in chapter 4, data was analysed by using case descriptions, cross-case analysis and explanation building methods. Triangulation was carried out in order to ensure the findings and conclusion were convincing and generalisable.
The results of the research indicate that most of the methods for developing strategic marketing plans for the market in China (for example, market research, segmentation and targeting) are derived from the Western conventional marketing principles. However, the methods are relatively rudimentary and the approach tends to
evolutionary and emphasises relationships. Indeed, there are only a few similarities between strategic marketing planning in China and the West, with the differences being attributable in the main to cultural factors and marketing systems. The major contribution of the research was to provide far more detailed descriptions and
sometimes explanations of strategic marketing planning processes than those provided in the extant literature.
On the basis of these research findings, a model (refer table 5.2 and figure 5.1) has been built to help Western firms to develop strategic marketing plans that deal with
Chinese cultures and marketing systems.
Books on the topic "Australian 20th century"
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McCallum, John. Belonging: Australian playwriting in the 20th century. Sydney: Currency Press, 2009.
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Schofield, Anne. Australian jewellery: 19th and early 20th century. Woodbridge: Antique Collectors' Club, 1990.
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McCallum, John. Belonging: Australian playwriting in the 20th century. Sydney: Currency Press, 2009.
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Belonging: Australian playwriting in the 20th century. Sydney: Currency Press, 2009.
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Schofield, Anne. Australian jewellery: 19th and early 20th century. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Antique Collectors Club, 1991.
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Shifting focus: Colonial Australian photography 1850-1920. North Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly, 2015.
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Workshop, Australian Lonergan. Australian Lonergan Workshop. Lanham: University Press of America, 1993.
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Art, Martin Browne Fine. Martin Browne Fine Art: 20th century Australian and New Zealand painting, November 1993. Paddington, NSW: Martin Browne Fine Art, 1993.
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1961-, McDonald John, and National Gallery of Australia, eds. Federation: Australian art and society, 1901-2001. Canberra: National Gallery of Australia, 2001.
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A view from the ridge: The testimony of a twentieth-century Christian. [San Francisco]: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Australian 20th century"
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Carmichael, Gordon A. "Decisions to Have Children in Late 20th and Early 21st Century Australia." In Decisions to Have Children in Late 20th and Early 21st Century Australia, 1–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6079-0_1.
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Kuo, Mei-fen. "Reading Gender in Early Chinese Australian Newspapers." In Locating Chinese Women, 27–44. Hong Kong University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528615.003.0002.
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Although women were largely absent from male-dominated Chinese community discussions on democratic values, brotherhood, diaspora unity, and Han-identity nationalism, they were not absent from Chinese Australians’ modern social life from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. By examining public comments and views in Chinese Australian newspapers regarding gender as a new social relationship, this chapter argues that the newspapers provide a window through male narratives that now enables us to espy how the Chinese population deliberated women’s social role and the way it was changing. The chapter aims to uncover through an investigation of the historic records, in the social life of Chinese Australians, the male-dominated view of gender role reconciled on the one hand the desire to segregate women from public discussions and participation, and on the other the need to involve women’s presence to demonstrate respectability and social standing to meet Australian social expectations. These public narratives and social networks provide a new approach to apprehending the nature and importance of Chinese Australian social life.
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Saunders, Peter. "The development, value and application of budget standards: reflecting on the Australian experience." In Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets, 139–54. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352952.003.0010.
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This chapter draws attention to Australia's very rich tradition of family budget research, which was associated with the Social Policy Research Centre. It explains that the idea of a basic living standard enshrined in wage laws became a reality in Australia at the start of the 20th century. It also charts the history of budget standards research in Australia, focusing on the four major studies that were coordinated during the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. The chapter looks at the latest work that relates to the budget for healthy living and combines public health knowledge and focus group deliberations. It concludes that budget standards only provide a rough-and-ready adequacy benchmark, which should be used with care and in conjunction with other measurement approaches to living standards whenever possible.
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Toner, Kieron. "The cart before the horse? Australian exchange rate policy and economic reform in the 1980s." In Exchange Rates and Economic Policy in the 20th Century, 172–200. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315255729-6.
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Kuo, Mei-fen. "The “Invisible Work” of Women." In Chinese Diaspora Charity and the Cantonese Pacific, 1850-1949, 154–72. Hong Kong University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528264.003.0009.
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This chapter explores how Chinese cultural expressions of charity, based on interpersonal relationships (guanxi) and native place (tongxiang) ties, came to mix and interact with contrasting traditions of Christian charity practiced in a predominantly British milieu in colonial and federation Australia over the late 19th century and 20th centuries. We employ the term “philanthropic sociability” to capture the spirit of innovation that came to characterize a number of voluntary organizations in which Chinese Australian women were active organizers and innovators. By analyzing male-dominated writings and records of charitable fairs and public celebrations, the chapter argues that women undertook “invisible work” in voluntary organizations and built a variety of informal networks among them. Although their social impact was limited, women contextualized their participation in male-dominated activities in ways that cannot be explained in terms of patriarchal values. We find that the impact of women in Chinese- Australian voluntary organizations was not just about the feminizing of community formations but also about promoting philanthropic sociability in ways that traditional organizations could not match.
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Smith, Adam, Minna Korhonen, Haidee Kotze, and Bertus van Rooy. "Modal and Semi-modal Verbs of Obligation in the Australian, New Zealand and British Hansards, 1901–2015." In Exploring the Ecology of World Englishes in the Twenty-first Century, 301–23. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474462853.003.0015.
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Research by Adam Smith, Minna Korhonen, Haidee Kotze and Bertus van Rooy is reported in this longitudinal study of changes in the language of parliamentary discourse, focusing on the modals and semi-modals of obligation: must, should, need to, have to. The researchers used a large diachronic corpus of material from the three regional Hansards (Australian, New Zealand and British), to compare the profiles of modal usage at five key points from the early 20th to 21st century. They found overall declining frequencies for must, should and have to in all three Hansards, but also remarkably high levels and peaks in Australian and New Zealand usage when the subject of the verb was we or the Government. Some of these co-occur with key points in national history, suggesting waves of collective sentiment in parliamentary rhetoric and setting national priorities. Other contextual factors – such as changing editorial conventions, and newer parliamentary practices in presenting speeches and broadcasting debates – may also have modulated the expression of obligation in individual Hansards over time.
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Abbott, Malcolm, and Bruce Cohen. "The historical development of Australia’s public utilities." In Utilities Reform in Twenty-First Century Australia, 17–48. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865063.003.0002.
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This chapter sets out the historical background to the utilities sector in Australia up until the 1980s. In doing so it provides an account of the predominant, government-owned model of utilities ownership that existed in Australia at that time. Australia’s utilities were created as government-owned enterprises in the 19th century (post, water, and rail) or in the early years of the 20th century (electricity, telecommunications, and airports). Material in this chapter traces these origins up until the immediate pre-reform years of the 1980s, and examines some of the weaknesses in the government-owned models that had arisen by this time.
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Blumberg, Baruch S., Alton I. Sutnick, W. Thomas London, and Liisa Melartin. "Sex Distribution of Australia Antigen." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 468–72. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0047.
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LONDON, W. THOMAS, ALTON I. SUTNICK, and BARUCH S. BLUMBERG. "Australia Antigen and Acute Viral Hepatitis." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 262–66. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0021.
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BLUMBERG, B. S. "The Natural History of Australia Antigen." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 494–510. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0051.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Australian 20th century"
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Carter, Nanette. "The Sleepout." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3999pm4i5.
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Going to bed each night in a sleepout—a converted verandah, balcony or small free-standing structure was, for most of the 20th century, an everyday Australian experience, since homes across the nation whether urban, suburban, or rural, commonly included a space of this kind. The sleepout was a liminal space that was rarely a formal part of a home’s interior, although it was often used as a semi-permanent sleeping quarter. Initially a response to the discomfort experienced during hot weather in 19th century bedrooms and encouraged by the early 20th century enthusiasm for the perceived benefits of sleeping in fresh air, the sleepout became a convenient cover for the inadequate supply of housing in Australian cities and towns and provided a face-saving measure for struggling rural families. Acceptance of this solution to over-crowding was so deep and so widespread that the Commonwealth Government built freestanding sleepouts in the gardens of suburban homes across Australia during the crisis of World War II to house essential war workers. Rather than disappearing at the war’s end, these were sold to homeowners and occupied throughout the acute post-war housing shortage of the 1940s and 1950s, then used into the 1970s as a space for children to play and teenagers to gain some privacy. This paper explores this common feature of Australian 20th century homes, a regional tradition which has not, until recently, been the subject of academic study. Exploring the attitudes, values and policies that led to the sleepout’s introduction, proliferation and disappearance, it explains that despite its ubiquity in the first three-quarters of the 20th century, the sleepout slipped from Australia’s national consciousness during a relatively brief period of housing surplus beginning in the 1970s. As the supply of affordable housing has declined in the 21st century, the free-standing sleepout or studio has re-emerged, housing teenagers of low-income families.
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Moulis, Antony. "Architecture in Translation: Le Corbusier’s influence in Australia." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.752.
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Abstract: While there is an abundance of commentary and criticism on Le Corbusier’s effect upon architecture and planning globally – in Europe, Northern Africa, the Americas and the Indian sub-continent – there is very little dealing with other contexts such as Australia. The paper will offer a first appraisal of Le Corbusier’s relationship with Australia, providing example of the significant international reach of his ideas to places he was never to set foot. It draws attention to Le Corbusier's contacts with architects who practiced in Australia and little known instances of his connections - his drawing of the City of Adelaide plan (1950) and his commission for art at Jorn Utzon's Sydney Opera House (1958). The paper also considers the ways that Le Corbusier’s work underwent translation into Australian architecture and urbanism in the mid to late 20th century through the influence his work exerted on others, identifying further possibilities for research on the topic. Keywords: Le Corbusier; post-war architecture; international modernism; Australian architecture, 20th century architecture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.752
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Valero, Alicia, Antonio Valero, and Inmaculada Arauzo. "Exergy as an Indicator for Resources Scarcity: The Exergy Loss of Australian Mineral Capital — A Case Study." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13654.
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Over the span of the 20th century, the global demand for metals and minerals has increased dramatically. This is associated with a general trend of declining ore grades from most commodities, meaning higher quantities of ore needed to be processed and thus more energy. Hence, quantifying the loss of mineral capital in terms of mass is not enough since it does not take into account the quality of the minerals in the mine. Exergy is a better indicator than mass because it measures at the same time the three features that describe any natural resource: quantity, composition and a particular concentration. For the sake of better understanding the exergy results, they are expressed in tons of Metal equivalent, tMe, which are analogously defined to tons of oil equivalent, toe. The aim of this paper is 1) to show the methodology for obtaining the exergy loss of mineral resources throughout a certain period of time and 2) to apply it to the Australian case. From the available data of production and ore grade trends of Australian mining history, the tons of Metal equivalent lost, the cumulative exergy consumption, the exergy decrease of the economic demonstrated reserves and the estimated years until depletion of the main base-precious metals are provided, namely: for gold, copper nickel, silver lead and zinc.
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Moghassemi, Golshan, and Peyman Akhgar. "The Advent of Modern Construction Techniques in Iran: Trans-Iranian Railway Stations (1933-1938)." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3986pe808.
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It was only in the early 20th century that the concept of ‘architect’, as defined in Europe, was introduced in Iran. During the nineteenth century, Iranian architects were traditional master builders (me’mars) who would learn architecture after years of working with a master. This unique change in the conception of architecture in Iran took place during the interwar period. In 1926, when Reza Shah founded the Pahlavi dynasty, his policies toward rapid modernisation transformed the way architectural design and practice was performed in Iran. Among Reza Shah’s earliest programs was the construction of numerous railway stations, extended from north to south, and for that, he invited Western-educated architects and European companies to Iran. The architecture of railway stations became one among the earliest examples of Iranian modern architecture, leading to the introduction of modern materials such as reinforced concrete to Iran. By considering Reza Shah’s nationalist policies and progressive agenda, this article investigates the architecture of railway stations, illuminating how their construction paved the way for the arrival of modern architecture and the development of construction technology in 1930s Iran.
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Adelita, Sela Putri, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari, and Bhisma Murti. "Meta Analysis: The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Low Density Lipoprotein Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Melitus." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.42.
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ABSTRACT Background: High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a protocol of short work intervals of vigorous to high intensity interspersed with active or passive (cessation of movement) recovery periods. HIIT has been employed since the mid-20th century to improve athletic exercise performance. Regular exercise reduces elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), atherosclerosis formation, and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to examine the effect of high-intensity interval training on low density lipoprotein level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by search published article from year 2010 to 2020 in PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were full text, using randomized controlled trial study design, high-intensity interval training intervention, and reporting mean and standard deviation. Study subjects were type 2 DM patients aged 25-65 years. The study outcome was LDL reduction. The articles were analyzed by PRISMA flow chart and Revman 5.3. Results: 7 studies from America, Europe, Australia, and Asia showed that high intensity interval training reduced LDL level in type 2 DM patients (Mean Difference= -0.06; 95% CI= 1.32 to -0.47; p<0.001) with I2= 92% (p <0.93). Conclusion: High-intensity interval training reduces LDL level in type 2 DM patients. Keywords: high-intensity interval training, low density lipoprotein Correspondence: Sela Putri Adelita. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: Selaadelita558@gmail.com. Mobile: 085357117517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.42
Reports on the topic "Australian 20th century"
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Kholoshyn, I., T. Nazarenko, O. Bondarenko, O. Hanchuk, and I. Varfolomyeyeva. The application of geographic information systems in schools around the world: a retrospective analysis. IOP Publishing, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4560.
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The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70 s – early 90s of the 20th century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.