Journal articles on the topic 'Australian 19th century Themes'
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Zvegintseva, Irina A. "A Criminal as the Main Movie Character, or Old Themes and New Solutions." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik83115-125.
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The former British colony, emerged as a place of exile for the most dangerous criminals and unreliable people from the metropolis, Australia began its existence very unenviable, appearing on the world map called "The Earths hell", which was used to frighten children in Europe. The fact is: the gene fund of the nation - the convicts, their guards, and adventurers came from all over Europe in hope of a better life. The first half of the 19th century Australia, in fact, remained a giant reforming home, a jail. And whatever paradoxical it might explain the significant number of films shot in the 20th and in 21st centuries with criminals as protagonists. When touching upon permanent plots and problems in Australian cinema, it should be noted that the "eternal" love of the inhabitants of the Green continent to the favorite national hero Ned Kelly, a former convict and burglar has not disappeared. In the minds of the Australians the burglar has become a symbol of the fighter against injustice, a sort of "Australian Robin Hood". The main characters of the movies were bushrangers in Australia called escaped convicts, pariahs of the society, hunting armed robberies and burglaries, hiding from justice in the vast valleys of the Australian Bush. Here, incidentally, there is a parallel with the American film industry that also has surpasses the rank of the most beloved and popular criminals in the country from Al Capone, Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow up to Bugsy Siegel and John Dillinger. But soon such films were banned because of the monopolies of the USA and the UK movies on the Australian market. However, life itself has started to supply filmmakers with the stories that hardly could come to the minds of writers with the wildest imagination. The real horrible crimes and not less real maniacs, sadists, pedophiles, whose actions have forced to shudder the whole society, both in the past and the present, formed the basis of a number of films shot in Australia. The analysis of these movies, the authors' position, the artistic value of works have become the target of this article.
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Zhang, Chunyan. "The Theme of “Alien Other” and “Imagined” Landscape in Australian Literary Tradition." English Language and Literature Studies 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v6n1p109.
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<p>In Australian culture, framed by both Western conceptions of nature and Australian colonial experience, traditional aesthetics and ideologies had negative attitudes towards the “wilderness”. Therefore in the major 19th century Australian literary tradition, the antagonistic relationship between man and nature was prevalent, which is demonstrated through the theme of “wild” nature, in which the Australian “wild”landscape was constructed as “alien other” and “imagined”.</p>
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Jockers, Matthew L., and David Mimno. "Significant themes in 19th-century literature." Poetics 41, no. 6 (December 2013): 750–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2013.08.005.
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VIGK, MALCOLM. "Normalisation in 19th Century Australian Schooling." Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 18, no. 1 (April 1997): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0159630970180108.
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Pridmore, Saxby. "Suicide in 19th-century Australian fiction." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 10 (April 4, 2017): 1058–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417699475.
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Williams, A. M. M., D. A. Donlon, C. M. Bennett, and R. Siegele. "Strontium in 19th century Australian children's teeth." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 190, no. 1-4 (May 2002): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(01)01317-9.
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Martynova, V. I. "Concerto for Oboe and Orchestra in the Works by Modern Time Composers: Aspects of Genre Stylistics." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 54, no. 54 (December 10, 2019): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-54.05.
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Introduction. Concerto for oboe and orchestra in the music of modern time (20th – early 21st centuries), on the one hand, is based on the traditions of past eras, on the other hand, it contains a number of new stylistic trends, among which the leading trend is the pluralism of composer’s decisions. Despite this, the works created during this period by the composers of different national schools can be divided into three groups – academic, experimental, and pastoral. The article gives the review of them. Objective. The main objective of the article is to identify the features of genre stylistics in oboe concertos by composers of the 20th – early 21st centuries. Methods. In order to realize this objective, the elements of a number of general scientific and special musicological research methods have been used – historical-and-genetic, deductive, comparative, organological, stylistic, genre and performing analysis. Results and Discussion. The article discusses and systematizes the features of the genre stylistics of modern time oboe concertos. Based on the analysis of the historical-and-stylistic context, the correlation of traditions and innovations in the oboe-concerto genre, as well as the nature of the relationship between concerto and chamber manners as its common features are revealed. The classification of oboe concertos of the specified period by three genre-and-style groups – academic, experimental, and pastoral, is proposed. The main development trends in each of these groups are analyzed, taking into account the genre, national and individual-author’s stylistics (more than 70 pieces are involved). For the first time, the generalizations are proposed regarding the oboe expressiveness and techniques, generally gravitating towards universalism as a style dominant in the concerto genre. It is noted that, in spite of this main trend, the oboe in the concertos by modern time masters retains its fundamental organological semantics – the aesthetics and poetics of pastoral mode. The music of modern time, the count of which starts from the last decade of the 19th century and to present, comes, on the one hand, as a unique encyclopedia of the previous genres and styles, and on the other hand, as a unique multicomponent artistic phenomenon of hypertext meaning. The first is embodied in the concept of the style pluralism which means the priority of the person’s (composer’s and performer’s) component in aesthetics and poetics of a musical work. The second involves an aspect of polystylistics that is understood in two meanings: 1) aesthetic, when different stylistic tendencies are represented in a particular artistic style; 2) purely “technological”, which is understood as the technique of composing, when different intonation patterns in the form of style quotations and allusions (according to Alfred Schnittke) constitute the compositional basis of the same work. It is noted that the oboe concertos of the modern time masters revive the traditions of solo music-making, which were partially lost in the second half of the 19th century. At the new stage of evolution, since the early 20th century (1910s), the concerto oboe combines solo virtuosity with chamber manner, which is realized in a special way by the authors of different styles. Most of them (especially in the period up to the 1970s–1980s of the previous century) adhere to the academic model which is characterized by a three-part composition with a tempo ratio “fast – slow – fast” with typical structures of each of the parts – sonata in the first, complex three-part in the second, rondo-sonata in the third, as well as traditional, previously tried and used means of articulation and stroke set (concertos by W. Alvin, J. Horovitz – Great Britain; E. T. Zwillich, Ch. Rouse – USA; O. Respighi – Italy; Lars-Erik Larrson – Switzerland, etc.). The signs of the oboe concertos of the experimental group are the freedom of structure both in the overall composition and at the level of individual parts or sections, the use of non-traditional methods of playing (J. Widmann, D. Bortz – Germany; C. Frances-Hoad, P. Patterson – England; E. Carter – USA; J. MacMillan – Scotland; O. Navarro – Spain; N. Westlake – Australia). The group of pastoral concertos is based on highlighting the key semantics of oboe sound image. This group includes concertos of two types – non-programmatic (G. Jacob, R. Vaughan Williams, M. Arnold – Great Britain; О. T. Raihala – Finland; M. Berkeley, Е. Carter – USA and other authors); programmatic of two types – with literary names (L’horloge de flore J. Françaix – France; Helios, Two’s Company T. Musgrave; Angel of Mons J. Bingham – Great Britain); based on the themes of the world classics or folklore (two concertos by J. Barbirolli – Great Britain – on the themes of G. Pergolesi and A. Corelli; Concerto by B. Martinu – Czechia – on the themes from Petrushka by I. Stravinsky, etc.). This group of concertos also includes the genre derivatives, such as suite (L’horloge de flore J. Françaix); fantasy (Concerto fantasy for oboe, English horn and orchestra by V. Gorbulskis); virtuoso piece (Pascaglia concertante S. Veress); concertino (Concertino by N. Scalcottas, R. Kram, A. Jacques); genre “hybrids” (Symphony-Concerto by J. Ibert; Symphony-Concerto by T. Smirnova; Chuvash Symphony-Concerto by T. Alekseyeva; Concerto-Romance by Zh. Matallidi; Concerto-Poem for English horn, oboe and orchestra by G. Raman). Conclusions. Thus, the oboe concerto in the works by modern time composers appears as a complex genre-and-intonation fusion of traditions and innovations, in which prevail the individual-author’s approaches to reproducing the specificity of the genre. At the same time, through the general tendency of stylistic pluralism, several lines-trends emerge, defined in this article as academic, experimental, and pastoral, and each of them can be considered in more detail in the framework of individual studies.
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Haig, Bryan. "INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF AUSTRALIAN GDP IN THE 19TH CENTURY." Review of Income and Wealth 35, no. 2 (June 1989): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00587.x.
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Ljøgodt, Knut. "‘Northern Gods in Marble’: the Romantic Rediscovery of Norse Mythology." Romantik: Journal for the Study of Romanticisms 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/rom.v1i1.15854.
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The Norse myths were rediscovered in the late 18th century, and became important to contemporary culture during the first half of the 19th century. The Romantics discussed the usage of themes from Norse mythology; soon, these themes became widespread in art and literature. Their popularity is closely connected with the national ideals and political situations of the period, but they were often given individual artistic interpretations. The Romantic interest in Norse myths and heroes held sway over artists and writers throughout the 19th century.
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Murrell, Timothy G. C. "More 19th Century masters of general practice with Australian connections *." Medical Journal of Australia 160, no. 10 (May 1994): 646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb125875.x.
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Elliott, Brent. "AUSTRALIAN AND SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS CULTIVATED IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY." Curtis's Botanical Magazine 26, no. 1-2 (April 2009): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8748.2009.01645.x.
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Stratford, Elaine. "Health and nature in the 19th century Australian women's popular press1." Health & Place 4, no. 2 (June 1998): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8292(98)00003-3.
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Barrett, Robert J. "Conceptual Foundations of Schizophrenia: I. Degeneration." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 5 (October 1998): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809113113.
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Objective: This is the first of two papers that aim to identify some of the institutional processes of 19th century European psychiatry, and some prevailing cultural themes of that era that played a role in shaping the development of schizophrenia as a disease concept. Method: Three areas of psychiatric history are examined: the first is concerned with the key figures who coined the concept of dementia praecox; the second with the rise of the asylum; and the third is to do with the ideology of 19th century psychiatric science and its relationship to a broader intellectual milieu. These three literatures are examined for common themes. Results: The theme of degeneration is evident in all three literatures, and denotes both a biological process (neuro-degeneration) and a moral state (degeneracy). Conclusions: The idea of degeneration, a pervasive cultural theme of the 19th century, dominated psychiatric thinking long before schizophrenia was developed as a diagnostic category. It contributed to the ideational form-work that gave foundation, structure and shape to the concept of schizophrenia.
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Rubik, Margarete. "Celebrating downward mobility in selected Australian texts." Acta Neophilologica 49, no. 1-2 (December 15, 2016): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.49.1-2.19-27.
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Several critics have pointed out that the new lower class national hero from late 19th century onwards was invariably male, and that women were largely excluded from this national stereotype. Yet several recent Australian authors have portrayed female characters who correspond to this insubordinate, defiantly lower class ideal, and thereby insert women into the national myth.
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Souza, Nadia De. "A Revival of the Romantic Era as seen through a Comparative Study of Auld Lang Syne and Sumer Is Icumen In." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 9 (September 28, 2020): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i9.10776.
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The Romantic Movement of 19th century Britain is often credited to William Wordsworth, while his predecessor, Robert Burns is regarded as the pioneer of the movement with his poetic themes of simplicity, friendship, and reverence for nature and rustic life, to name a few. Yet, on looking back at the medieval ages, one comes across the anonymous poem Sumer Is Icumen In that is centred around similar themes and ideas. This, thus, calls for a more nuanced analysis and understanding of the romantic ideologies that then do not appear to be new to the 19th century, but simply recurrent of what already existed. Therefore, through a comparative study of Robert Burns’ Auld Lang Syne and the medieval poem Sumer Is Icumen In, this paper will seek to place Burns either as the pioneer of the romantic movement or as a reviver of a medieval tradition. I will explore the themes, features, and form that persist in these poems.
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Kuzina, N. "Reception of the Manifestations of the Culture of Egypt in Russian Literature." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/48/49.
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The paper presents analysis of historiosophical themes, images and motifs reflecting the Egyptian culture in Russian literature of the 19th–20th centuries. They were popular among the authors of the early 20th century not only because of interest in artifacts found in the 19th century but also — and first of all — as part of a significant metaphor ‘Pre-revolutionary / Post-revolutionary Russia VS. Egypt’. There is shown the process of creating this comparison being much later than the ‘Russia VS. Europe’ paradigm in the context of the ‘Myth of St. Petersburg’, which included elements of the Egyptian theme (Sphinxes of the Neva) by the 20th century.
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Петров, Алексей Андреевич. "THE SPECIFICITY OF OLGA KAMENSKI’S LYRIC POETRY THEMES." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Филология, no. 1(68) (April 9, 2021): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtfilol/2021.1.243.
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В статье представлен анализ поэтического наследия Ольга Каменской, которая активно публиковалась в «Псковских епархиальных ведомостях» в конце XIX - начале ХХ вв. Своеобразие лирики О. Каменской заключается не только в обращении к религиозным темам и мотивам, но и в рефлексии на события истории России рубежа столетий. The article represents the analyses of Olga Kamenski’s lyrical poetry heritage. Olga Kamenski’s verses were published in Pskov Eparchial Gazette in the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The specificity of Olga Kamenski’s lyrical poetry includes not only the appeal to the religious themes and motifs, but also the reflection on the Russian history at the turn of the century.
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Olson, Candi S. Carter. "“We Are the Women of Utah”: The Utah Woman’s Press Club’s Framing Strategies in the Woman’s Exponent." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 95, no. 1 (May 24, 2017): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699017700362.
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Drawing on mediated framing theory, this article considers how the 19th-century Utah Woman’s Press Club used its opportunity to control its public image in the Utah-based suffrage periodical Woman’s Exponent. The Exponent was edited by the club’s founder, Emmeline B. Wells, and was an outlet for many of the area’s women writers. This article demonstrates how the group’s three primary themes—education and professionalization, politics, and faith—developed a gendered framing of 19th-century womanhood. This exploration considers how gender-specific publications can be a powerful outlet for women to challenge mainstream narratives about women’s abilities.
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Anikeeva, Tatiana A. "Ali Shir Navai in Turkish Traditional Literature: Themes and Plots." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080019544-5.
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The legasy of Ali Shir Navai has influenced both Turkish and Ottoman literature and Turkish folklore. His poems penetrated into the Ottoman Empire since the 15th century, and in the 16th century became well known to the Ottoman poets. The article is devoted to the works of Navai in the literature and folklore of Turkey in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. After the reforms of the Tanzimat era, Ottoman intellectuals turned not only to European philosophical thought and Western literature, but also to the Turkic literary heritage of Central Asia. In 1872–1873 (1289 AH), in Istanbul, under the editorship of Ahmed Vefik Pasha, Navai's didactic treatise (which was chronologically one of the poet's latest works) “Mahbub al-kulub” (“Beloved of Hearts”) was published. This publication laid the foundation for the scientific study of Ali Shir Navai in Turkey (works and translations by I. Hakkı, N. Asım, M.F. Köprülüzade), and also to a certain extent anticipated the expression of the ideas of Turkism. After this publication, the Chagatai-Ottoman dictionary of Sheikh Suleiman of Bukhara was published in Istanbul in 1880–1881, which also testifies to the interest in the cultural heritage of the Timurid era in Turkey in the second half of the 19th century. At the same time Ali Shir Navai himself becomes the prototype of the hero of Turkish folklore as the character of the folk narrative about Gül and Mir Ali Şir which performed in Turkey up to the middle of the 20th century
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Branagan, D. "Alfred Selwyn - 19th Century Trans-Atlantic Connections Via Australia." Earth Sciences History 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.9.2.p1x636x7w8r1v2qp.
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The contributions of A.R.C. Selwyn to geological science were considerable, and possibly unique in the 19th century, as they spanned three continents in a career lasting more than 50 years. In particular Selwyn is rightly regarded as establishing geology as a profession in Australia, both by his own high quality mapping, and by the training of a number of talented young men in his Geological Survey of Victoria (1852-1868). In Canada he pursued the same high standards when appointed as Director of the Geological Survey at a time when the Dominion had just become greatly enlarged. A strong supporter of his staff, Selwyn engaged in a controversy with U.S. geologists about Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy, maintaining that Canadian field evidence provided the key which negated the U.S. stand. Selwyn maintained links with the colleagues of his early years in the British Geological Survey (1845-1852) during his long career, keeping in touch with new ideas in Europe and informing his friends about the results of Australian and Canadian geological research.
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Shon, Phillip Chong Ho, and Christopher R. Williams. "An Archival Exploration of 19th-Century American Adult Female Offender Parricides." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 67, no. 3 (November 2013): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.67.3.a.
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Social and behavioral scientists have increasingly attended to the contexts and motivational dynamics underlying parricidal events. These efforts notwithstanding, most research has focused on adolescent or adult male offender populations. One largely neglected area of study is that of adult female offender parricide. The present study utilizes archival records to examine the contexts and sources of conflict that gave rise to adult female offender parricides in the late 19th century. Three general themes emerged, representing the primary contexts behind adult female offender parricide: (1) abuse and neglect; (2) instrumental, financially-motivated killings; and (3) expressive killings, often during the course of arguments. Each of these contexts is explored.
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Browning, Stuart A., and Ian D. Goodwin. "Large-scale drivers of Australian east coast cyclones since 1851." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 66, no. 2 (2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es16012.
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Subtropical maritime low-pressure systems are one of the most complex and destructive storm types to impact Australia’s eastern seaboard. This family of storms, commonly referred to as East Coast Cyclones (ECC), is most active during the late autumn and early winter period when baroclinicity increases in the Tasman Sea region. ECC have proven challenging to forecast at both event and seasonal timescales. Storm activity datasets, objectively determined from reanalyses using cyclone detection algorithms, have improved understanding of the drivers of ECC over the era of satellite data coverage. In this study we attempt to extend these datasets back to 1851 using the Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2c (20CRv2c). However, uncertainty in the 20CRv2c increases back through time due to observational data scarcity, and individual cyclones counts tend to be underestimated during the 19th century. An alternative approach is explored whereby storm activity is estimated from seasonal atmosphere-ocean circulation patterns. Seasonal ECC frequency over the 1955 to 2014 period is significantly correlated to regional sea-level pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) patterns. These patterns are used to downscale the 20CRv2c during early years when individual events are not well simulated. The stormiest periods since 1851 appear to have been 1870 to the early 1890s, and 1950 to the early 1970s. Total storm activity has been below the long-term average for most winters since 1976. Conditions conducive to frequent ECC events tend to occur during periods of relatively warm SST in the southwest Pacific typical of negative Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO-ve). Extratropical cyclogenesis is associated with negative Southern Annular Mode (SAM-ve) and blocking in the southern Tasman Sea. Subtropical cyclogenesis is associated with SAM+ve and blocking in the central Tasman Sea. While the downscaling approach shows some skill at estimating seasonal storm activity from the large-scale circulation, it cannot overcome data scarcity based uncertainties in the 19th century when the 20CRv2c is effectively unconstrained throughout most of the southern hemisphere. Storm frequency estimates during the 19th century are difficult to verify and should be interpreted cautiously and with reference to available documentary evidence.
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Borozan, Igor. "Simbolistički opus Mihe Marinkovića i njegova recepcija u srpskoj sredini." Ars Adriatica 9 (February 28, 2020): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.2928.
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The paper analyses the symbolist works in the under-researched opus of painter Miho Marinković. Trained at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts, he is primarily known as a painter of intricate themes that can be categorized as late 19th-century symbolism. In 1904, he settled in Belgrade and became an active participant in the cultural scene of the Serbian capital. In 1911, Marinković’s paintings were exhibited in the Pavilion of the Kingdom of Serbia at the International Exhibition in Rome. His symbolist oeuvre covers the standard themes of symbolist painting, such as Medusa, Lucifer, or The Sinner, which speaks both of the artist’s personality and of the eclectic turn of the century. Symbolism in Marinković’s work reflects his training in Munich, which in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was the European centre of somnambular themes and artistic experiments. In this paper, his oeuvre has been considered in the context of general symbolist structures, with particular references to the Munich symbolism. Some reviews of Marinković’s symbolist paintings have been pointed out, which testify to the history of the reception of his work in the Kingdom of Serbia in the early 20th century. The positive reception of Marinković’s paintings in the Serbian setting is evident from the fact that as many as thirty-five of his works have been included in the holdings of the National Museum in Belgrade.
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Barrett, Robert J. "Conceptual Foundations of Schizophrenia: II. Disintegration and Division." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 5 (October 1998): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809113114.
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Objective: This is the second of two papers that aim to identify some cultural themes and institutional processes that shaped the development of schizophrenia as a disease concept. Method: A number of domains within 19th century European history are explored for evidence of the concept of the divided or disintegrated person. These include German academic psychiatry, Mesmerism and hypnosis, neurology and neurophysiology, psychoanalysis and German Romantic literature, and its descendants within a wider European literature. Results: Representations of division or disintegration are evident in all these domains, enjoying widespread currency and penetration throughout the 19th century. Conclusions: These culturally based ideas, combined with the idea of degeneration, were important elements in the foundation of the schizophrenia concept.
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Zillman, John. "Von Neumayer’s place in history a century on: closing remarks at the anniversary symposium." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 123, no. 1 (2011): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs11123.
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The Georg von Neumayer Anniversary Symposium held at the Royal Society of Victoria Hall in Melbourne on 27–30 May 2009 brought together a wide range of perspectives on the life, times and scientific achievements of one of the most remarkable figures of 19th Century Australian, German and polar science.
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Bosáková, Zdenka. "Illustrations of the Calendar Part of Book Calendars in the 19th Century." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 63, no. 3-4 (2019): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amnpsc-2018-0011.
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Illustrations of the calendar part are the basic illustration in book calendars. They were placed on the twelve pages of the calendar part above the list of the days of the month. In some cases, especially in calendars from the beginning of the 19th century and Jewish calendars, these were even the only illustrations. The themes of these illustrations are considerably varied regardless of the focus of the calendars. Most frequently, they show the work done in specific months, popular pastime activities, but also signs of the zodiac, vedute, as well as scenes from the Bible and from Czech history.
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Fossat, Sissel Bjerrum, Lone Kølle Martinsen, and Jesper Lundsby Skov. "Kampen om kvinden. Begrebshistoriske perspektiver." Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v27i4.111698.
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Contesting the concept of Woman: Perspectives from conceptual history.The main argument of this article is that the concept of kvinde (woman) was redefined in the 19th century in Denmark, and that it can be studied alongside other central concepts. Kvinde re-entered the Danish vocabulary as a universal term for woman not bound to social or marital status. Early romanticists such as Adam Oehlenschläger (1779-1850) and N.F.S. Grundtvig (1783-1872) used and disseminated sagas and myths from Old Norse mythology to re-conceptualize the concept of kvinde in romantic poetry. Gradually the concept of kvinde entered other spheres of society. The article seeks to present a framework for further studies, not only in the debates and themes proposed here, but also in relation to other gendered discussions of the 19th century. The article is a preliminary attempt to establish the concept of kvinde in a conceptual framework, arguing that the concept needs to be studied in more depth as central to the discussions of the 19th century
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Ober, Kenneth. "Meïr Goldschmidt and the main currents in 19th-century Judaism." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 7–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69578.
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Although the noted nineteenth-century Danish-Jewish writer Meïr Goldschmidt (1819–1887) made his entry into literature with a novel on Jewish themes, his later novels treated non-Jewish subjects, and his Jewish heritage appeared progressively to recede into the background of his public image. Literary historians have paid little attention to his complex perception of his own Jewishness and have made no effort to discover the immense significance he himself felt that Judaism had for his life and for his literary works. Moreover, no previous study has comprehensively treated Goldschmidt’s far-reaching network of interrelationships with an astonishing number of other major Jewish cultural figures of nineteenth-century Europe. During his restless travels crisscrossing Europe, which were facilitated by his phenomenal knowledge of the major European languages, he habitually sought out and associated with the leading Jewish figures in literature, the arts, journalism, and religion, but this fact and the resulting mutually influential connections he formed have been overlooked and ignored. This is the first focused and documented study of the Jewish aspect of Goldschmidt’s life, so vitally important to Goldschmidt himself and so indispensable to a complete understanding of his place in Danish and in world literatures.
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Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci, Bojana, and Mladen Obad Šćitaroci. "Urban Morphology of Zagreb in the Second Half of the 19th Century—Landmarks Guiding the Reconstruction of the Town and the Preservation of Identity after the 2020 Earthquake." Heritage 4, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 3349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040186.
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The research of the urban morphology of Zagreb in the second half of the 19th century was done with the intention of showing the importance of inherited urban morphology and the importance of urban identity factors at a time when preparations are being made for reconstruction after the 2020 earthquake. The research was performed on the basis of old maps and plans and previous research on urban development. The medieval town of Zagreb began to develop in a planned manner in the second half of the 19th century. The orthogonal street grid in the new town built in the 19th century and called the Lower Town—were the result of urban utopian times and the first written legislation on urban planning (1857), the first development plan (1864/1865), and a second development plan (1887/1889). The concept for the urban design of the Lower Town has three distinct themes: an orthogonal street grid, public parks and squares and public buildings. The series of public spaces, consisting of seven squares and the Botanical Gardens, became a landmark pattern in the urban morphology of Zagreb at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. This urban pattern, as a lasting value, remains the main landmark for any new architectural and urban interventions in the town historic part.
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Dodson, Giles. "REVIEW: 'Digger' media out-manoeuvred by military." Pacific Journalism Review 18, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v18i1.303.
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Review of: Witnesses to War: The History of Australian Conflict Reporting, by Fay Anderson and Richard Trembath. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2011, 501 pp, ISBN 978-0522856446 (pbk)Witnesses to War: The History of Australian Conflict Reporting provides a thorough-going account of the developments and, importantly, of continuities which have characterised Australian reporting of foreign wars since the 19th century. It is a welcome addition to the growing body of conflict reporting literature, in particular to that which concerns the local experience. It is clear the forces which structure Australian war journalism have remained relatively constant throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.
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Van den Bosch, Annette. "Written Out of History: My Grandfather William Chapman and the Effects of War." Transcultural Studies 13, no. 1 (May 25, 2017): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23751606-01301005.
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This text is an attempt to trace the case history of an Australian soldier’s participation in World War One and the effects of war on an ordinary Australian family, whose roots are in 19th century England. Archival documents from the National Australian Archives, diaries of medical officers and soldiers, the Embarkation Roll as well as certificates of marriages and deaths are examined in order to document the historical facts which crossed the boundaries between private and public lives of ordinary people enmeshed in the history of their era.
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Atamturk, Nurdan, and Seyit Ozkutlu. "Nature of Cypriots in the Light of 19th Century Travel Literature." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 31 (August 7, 2020): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.31.07.14.
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This study explores the impressions of the 19th century travelers on the nature of Turkish and Greek Cypriots by focusing on their relationships with each other, their personal characteristics, and their attitudes towards foreigners and visitors. Since the focus of the study is the nature and culture of the Cypriots, Cypriots' characteristics, distinctive features, attitudes towards travelers, moods and mindset are presented comparatively in the light of travelers’ reflections in their written accounts. The data were elicited from primary and secondary sources. Primary sources in this context refer to the published books of the 19th century travelers to Cyprus while secondary sources constitute the studies on the issue in the relevant literature. All books written by travelers to Cyprus in the 19th century were perused to find the data related to the nature of Cypriots and their characters over a period of a year. The collected data were then coded and classified to reveal the themes, namely hospitality, friendliness, family loyalty and docility. Being a type of content analysis, conceptual analysis was conducted in data analysis. Since almost all studies on the 19th century Cyprus travel literature are related to the political and religious dynamics of 19th century Cyprus, this study is thought to fill a gap in the relevant literature by shedding light on the socio-cultural aspects of Cyprus. The results revealed that the Cypriots were quite hospitable towards the travelers since the travelers acknowledged that they felt properly welcomed. Friendliness, helpfulness and docility were found to be other features exhibited by Cypriots in the traveler accounts. The other highly praised characteristic was found to be devotion to home and family.
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BEIN, BERNHARD, MALTE C. EBACH, SHAWN W. LAFFAN, DANIEL J. MURPHY, and GERASIMOS CASSIS. "Quantifying vertebrate zoogeographical regions of Australia using geospatial turnover in the species composition of mammals, birds, reptiles and terrestrial amphibians." Zootaxa 4802, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4802.1.4.
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A geospatial analysis of 1,906,302 records of 1938 species of Australian vertebrates has shown that the original regions proposed in the 19th century, namely the Eyrean, Torresian and Bassian still hold. The analysis has shown that the Eyrean region has an east-west divide, forming two, possibly independent arid regions (Eastern Desert and Western Desert provinces), that are shaped by topography and rainfall. A revised and interim zoogeographical area taxonomy of the Australian region is presented herein.
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Gibson, Padraic John. "Imperialism, ANZAC nationalism and the Aboriginal experience of warfare." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 6, no. 3 (February 25, 2015): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v6i3.4190.
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Aboriginal protest played a key role in undermining the celebratory settler-nationalism of the bicentennial in 1988. In the lead up to another major nationalist mobilisation, the centenary of the Gallipoli invasion on ANZAC Day 2015, extensive official efforts are being made to incorporate Aboriginal experiences into the day, through celebration of the role of Aboriginal people who served in Australia’s armed forces. This article provides a critical analysis of the 2014 NAIDOC theme as a way of exploring some of the tensions in this process. The NAIDOC theme, ‘Serving Country: Centenary and Beyond’, presented a continuity between Aboriginal soldiers in WW1 and Aboriginal warriors who fought in defence of their land during the 19th Century Frontier Wars. In contrast, this article argues that the real historical continuity is between the massacres on the frontier, which often involved Aboriginal troopers fighting for the colonial powers, and the invasions undertaken by Australian soldiers in WW1. New research documenting the horrific scale on which Aboriginal people were killed by Native Police in Queensland in the second half of the 19th Century is integrated with studies of the political economy of Australian settler-capitalism in this period. This analysis is used to demonstrate how capitalist class interests drove both the Frontier Wars and the development of an Australian regional empire, which was consolidated by the mobilisation of Australian troops in WW1.
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Rutgers, Wim. "Dutch Caribbean Poetics in a Historical Perspective." Werkwinkel 13, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2018): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/werk-2018-0001.
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Abstract This article provides an overview of two hundred years of Dutch Caribbean poetics: from Eurocentrism to originality, from imitation towards creation. In the 19th century colonial poets of the ABC islands followed European examples, in the beginning of the 20th century they searched for local themes and forms, and from the last decades of the 20th and in the beginning of the 21st centuries they combined the local and the global arriving at a creative amalgam of the glocal.
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Kazimova, Roya Elkhan. "Lexical features of the Australian version of the English language." Scientific Bulletin 2 (2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/ezxe6476.
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The article deals with the origin of the Australian English variant, whichwas exposed to a wide range of different dialects from all over England, but mainly in the South-East, especially from London. Early Australian English, based on audio recordings of speech by people who were born in the 19th century, from written sources and from historical recordings of the dialect mix present in the colony. During the second half or 20th century, Australian English became more and more accepted as the standard form of English used in that country. The following lists the many lexical units distinguishing features of the Australian version of the English language in comparison with the British and American version. In conclusion, Australian English takes features of both British and American English, so it is sometimes considered a combination of the two. However, it is important to understand that there are a number of unique features, including exclusive vocabulary.
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van de Schoor, Rob. "De reisbrieven van R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, geschreven gedurende zijn ‘ballingschap’, 1844-1851." Nederlandse Letterkunde 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 323–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedlet2019.3.002.vand.
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Abstract R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink’s travel letters, written during his ‘exile’, 1844-1851In the years 1844-1851, during his journey along libraries and archives in Germany and Austria, the young scholar and later writer and archivist Bakhuizen van den Brink (1810-1865) wrote extensive love letters to Julie Simon, who he had left behind in Liège. Expressing the emotions aroused by his exile from the Netherlands and the separation from the young woman whose heart he desired to win, Bakhuizen resorted to themes that are recurrent in other literary genres such as the epic and the Bildungsroman. Understanding the letters as works of art, this article sets out to trace and analyze these intertextual references between the letters and the genres of the epic and the Bildungsroman. References to the latter come to light when comparing the love letters to the letters Bakhuizen van den Brink wrote to his learned Dutch friends. By disclosing this intertextual network and by relating the themes from the epic and Bildungsroman to the repertoire of the young, 19th-century Dutch scholar, this article holds an attempt to deconstruct these 19th-century love letters.
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NENASHEVA, Larisa V. "Northern Miniature in the Ecclesiastic Book of the Early 19th Century." Arctic and North, no. 44 (September 24, 2021): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2021.44.285.
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The article is devoted to the study of plots associated with different stages of the movement of the soul, presented in a manuscript book and on drawn sheets. The book was written at the beginning of the 19th century in the Russian North in the Old Believers' environment. The manuscript is interesting in composition, content and unique in design. The text of the book is written on fifty-five sheets, collected in a notebook and bound into a book. The manuscript includes three works: an excerpt from the eighteenth chapter of "The Flower Garden of Dorotheus of Gaza" about the spiritual ladder, the vision of Monk Gregory about the walk of Blessed Theodora, a story about a meal from the teachings of Saint Niphon.The text is attached by four folding miniatures and several illustrations - images on the themes of the works of the manuscript, which interpret the literary text more fully. As a result of the research, it was found that this collection is not the only list. Collections, similar in composition and decoration, are contained in the archives of museums and libraries of the country. This indicates the book wealth of the Russian North, the artistic and genre diversity of the northern book.
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Shi, Jingjing. "On the 59th Venice Biennale: A Critical Perspective on Hidden Clues." International Journal of Education and Humanities 3, no. 1 (May 26, 2022): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v3i1.399.
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A grand global art event since the 19th Century, the Venice Biennale has pushed the envelope in many areas of art, to some extent reaching its peak in 2022. Tackling themes of feminism, identity politics, and mysticism, the 59th Venice Biennale takes on an appearance different from the past with strong themes and comparatively weak national pavilions. This paper comments on the diversity and anti-anthropocentrism of the displays, with an insight into hidden clues that can date back to the evolution in contemporary art a few decades ago, and reflects on the role and significance of the event critically.
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Turner, S. "Australia's first discovered fossil fish is still missing!" Geological Curator 9, no. 5 (May 2011): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc83.
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Seeking Australian specimens collected in the 19th century always needs detective work. Fossils collected by one colourful collector, the Polish 'Count' Paul Strzelecki, from early travels in the colony of New South Wales are being sought. A 30-year search has still not brought to light in Australia or Britain the first fossil fish found from the Lower Carboniferous of New South Wales.
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Khayretdinov, D. Z. "А Local Drama (an Episode From the Life of Mid-19th Century Moscow Tatars)." Islam in the modern world 18, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2022-133-146.
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The article deals with an episode from the life of Moscow Tatars in 1841–1842, associated with the theft from the house of influential Tatar merchant M. Abdulov. The main themes of research are Tatar Muslim (separate ethno- confessional) community in Moscow in general, and religious life in Zamoskvorechye district, role of imams, everyday life of mid-19th century Muscovites, cases of Muslims christianising, in particular. For the first time in Russian Muslim Studies the author uses some unpublished documents of the Central State Archive of Moscow and the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
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Grantseva, E. O. "Fragile Ties: Spanish Themes in Soviet Porcelain." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 6, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2022-4-24-105-114.
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The article is devoted to the study of the so-called Spanish theme in Soviet porcelain. The author analyzes the reflection of the stereotypical perception of Spain in small porcelain sculptures of the Soviet period produced by a variety of manufactures. Among the components of the Spanish theme the author highlights the images of flamenco (Spanish dance), bullfighting, most recognizable heroes of Cervantes such as Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, and fiery Carmen who was created by Prosper Mérimée and has become the stereotypical Spanish woman of the 19th century in the popular imagination thanks to the similarly named music and dance pieces. These traditional components of the perception of Spain in the 20th century were supplemented by the interpretation in propaganda porcelain of the turning point in the Spanish history — the civil war of 1936-1939. The article proposes another perspective on the Spanish theme in Soviet porcelain and considers the formation of the images of Spaniards, men and women. Such images are reflected in all the plots presented herein. Most of the sculptural works by different generations of Soviet porcelain masters are devoted to dance. The author concludes that dance scenes, including the ones that refer to Carmen are fundamental for the Spanish theme in Soviet porcelain.
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O'CONNELL, DARREN, and SIOBHAN AUSTEN. "The tortoise and the hare: how North's institutional ideas resolved a 19th century Australian fable." Journal of Institutional Economics 13, no. 1 (August 17, 2016): 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000187.
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AbstractOur paper adopts Douglass North's institutional framework to explain why the colonies of Western Australia and South Australia, established in 1829 and 1836, respectively, had considerable disparities in economic growth up the end of 1900. Both colonies were established under different modes of organisation (colonisation). The method adopted for WA harked back to Mercantilism, famously condemned by Adam Smith because it led to under-investment in, and over-exploitation of, colonial assets. SA on the other hand was the product of a radical new theory in colonisation proposed by Edward Gibbon Wakefield whereby land, instead of being given away as in WA, was sold at a fixed price with the proceeds being used to subsidise gender-balanced immigration. Outcomes suggest that SA's method of ‘systematic colonisation’ introduced a better institutional matrix, compared to the initial institutions seeded in WA, allowing SA's economy to develop sooner and at a higher rate of growth. However, once the detrimental effects of its method of foundation were eliminated, occurring on the eve of one of the largest gold discoveries of modern times, WA's institutions finally provided the necessary incentives for economic development such that by the end of 1900, it had equalled SA's level of economic output if not exceeded it.
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Seltzer, Andrew J. "Implicit contracts and acquisitions: An econometric case study of the 19th century Australian banking industry." German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung 31, no. 2 (January 6, 2017): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397002216682463.
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It has been argued that hostile takeovers redistribute wealth from workers to shareholders by enabling the acquiring firm to revoke implicit contracts. This paper uses micro-data from personnel records to examine the consequences of the Union Bank of Australia’s 1892 takeover of the Bank of South Australia. The evidence confirms that the lifetime earnings of older workers at the BSA declined because of the merger. They faced a high probability of losing their jobs immediately following the merger, lost specific human capital due to the closure of branches, faced a flatter salary profile over the remainder of their career, and received a reduced pension.
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Moyle, Helen. "The Fall of Fertility in Tasmania, Australia, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries." Historical Life Course Studies 4 (June 27, 2017): 120–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9341.
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The paper examines the fall of marital fertility in Tasmania, the second settled Australian colony, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The paper investigates when marital fertility fell, whether the fall was mainly due to stopping or spacing behaviours, and why it fell at this time. The database used for the research was created by reconstituting the birth histories of couples marrying in Tasmania in 1860, 1870, 1880 and 1890, using digitised 19th century Tasmanian vital registration data plus many other sources. Despite Tasmania’s location on the other side of the world, the fertility decline had remarkable similarities with the historical fertility decline in continental Western Europe, England and other English-speaking countries. Fertility started to decline in the late 1880s and the fertility decline became well established during the 1890s. The fall in fertility in late 19th century Tasmania was primarily due to the practice of stopping behaviour in the 1880 and 1890 cohorts, although birth spacing was also used as a strategy by the 1890 cohort. The findings provide support for some of the prominent theories of fertility transition.
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Dillon, Denise. "Wilderness in 19th Century South Seas Literature: An Ecocritical Search for Seascapes." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 21, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 248–372. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.21.1.2022.3823.
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In Western thought and literature, a terrestrial bias is considered a phenomenological primacy for notions such as wilderness. This ecocritical review draws on nineteenth-century South Seas literature with its influences from frontierism and the literary movements of romanticism, realism and naturism to consider a more fluid appreciation and reconceptualisation of wilderness as non-terrestrial and an oceanic touchstone for freedom. American terrestrial frontierism, that drove colonial settlement of the North American continent, is used as both counterpoint and important embarkation point for ventures into the Pacific Ocean following ‘fulfilment’ of the ‘manifest destiny’ to overspread the continent. For American, British and Australian writers, the Pacific represented an opportunity to apply literary techniques to capture new encounters. South Seas works by Melville, Stevenson, Becke and Conrad offer glimpses of seascapes that provide perceptions of heterotopias, archetypes and depictions of dispossessed itinerants at a moral frontier and wilderness that is both sublime and liberating, liminal and phenomenological.
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Dubois, Antonin. "Europe’s Forgotten Students? The Historiography of 19th and early 20th century Students in France." CIAN-Revista de Historia de las Universidades 25, no. 1 (June 7, 2022): 156–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cian.2022.6996.
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Historians’ interest in university history of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries has been more limited in the case of France than for other countries. This interest has been even weaker with regard to students, a situation that only began to change at the beginning of the twenty-first century. However, pioneering work could have launched a research dynamic from the 1980s onwards, as the first part of this article shows and explains. In its second part, this paper analyzes the main themes addressed by the historiography of students in France. After underlining some of its persistent limitations, proposals for future research will be made.
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Fitch, Kate. "Rethinking Australian public relations history in the mid-20th century." Media International Australia 160, no. 1 (August 2016): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16651135.
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This article investigates the development of public relations in Australia and addresses calls to reconceptualise Australian public relations history. It presents the findings from an analysis of newspaper articles and industry newsletters in the 1940s and 1950s. These findings confirm the term public relations was in common use in Australia earlier than is widely accepted and not confined to either military information campaigns during the war or the corporate sector in the post-war period, but was used by government and public institutions and had increasing prominence through industry associations in the manufacturing sector and in social justice and advocacy campaigns. The study highlights four themes – war and post-war work, non-profit public relations, gender, and media and related industries – that enable new perspectives on Australian public relations history and historiography to be developed.
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Misesani, Dian, and Ali Mustofa. "Marxist Philosophy and the Themes of Materialism and Capitalism in Dickens’s Hard Times." Ahmad Dahlan Journal of English Studies 9, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/adjes.v9i1.37.
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This study aimed to analyze the themes of materialism and capitalism in one of Charles Dickens’s novels entitled Hard Times, which is thick with industrial capitalism. Specifically, it aims at (1) finding the themes of materialism and capitalism by coding themes in terms of words and/or phrases frequency in Dickens’s Hard Times and (2) analyzing and interpreting the theme of materialism and capitalism exposure through the characters’ discursive, setting, and narration in the novel. This research was included in a thematic study that employed a quantitative content analysis. The findings showed that the themes of this novel were materialism and capitalism. Some of the most frequently used words are ‘fact’, ‘money’, and ‘capital’, representing materialism and capitalism. The story of this novel reflects the vice or negative society that happened in England during the 18-19th century as the impacts of industrial capitalism and materialism.
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Kuo, Didi, and Jan Teorell. "Illicit Tactics as Substitutes." Comparative Political Studies 50, no. 5 (July 10, 2016): 665–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414016649481.
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What is the relationship between ballot reforms and electoral malpractice? This article contributes to the growing comparative politics literature on the causes of election fraud in democratizing countries using the case of the 19th-century United States. We examine the adoption of the Australian ballot and disenfranchisement laws, and estimate their effects on multiple types of election fraud. Using a new measure of fraud in elections to the House of Representatives from 1860 to 1930, we find that the Australian ballot and disenfranchisement measures reduced vote-buying and voter intimidation. However, we further find that the Australian ballot had an “iatrogenic effect” of increasing registration and ballot fraud. Voting secrecy therefore led to substitution of one illicit electoral tactic for another.