Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AustraliaDiscovery and exploration French'

In 1772 French navigator Alesno de Saint-Aloüarn, visited the western coast of the Australian continent, and claimed it for France. Some French authorities and later French navigators believed that Saint-Aloüarn’s claim was valid under prescriptive law, yet this law is only valid if the land claimed is settled within a time frame of thirty years. However, France did not intend to either lay claim to, or establish a colony in western Australia during later voyages of exploration conducted in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, especially as in 1778 Captain Cook had taken possession of the east coast of Australia which was fortified by the British Navy. While this thesis does not dispute Saint-Aloüarn’s claim, a long succession of writing developed from a British perspective has located rivalry and fear of French colonial ambitions as the cause for British occupation of western Australia. French, Dutch and British voyages to the west coast of Australia have been canvassed, drawing upon both contemporary accounts and twentieth century interpretations of the aims and motives of the respective governments. This thesis investigates three factors considered to have significantly influenced the motivation for and preparation of relevant French and British voyages of exploration covering the period 1772 to 1829.Differences between concepts held by both nations, such as spatiality and territoriality, the value of science, together with the fact that Britain and France operated under two quite distinct legal systems in regard to territorial claim, form the basis for arguing against past historical understandings. It is argued that while the primary aim of British exploration was to establish colonies to satisfy economic and defence requirements, as well as expansion of the empire, French voyages of exploration undertaken to the west of the Australian continent after 1778 were for scientific purposes. By adding knowledge of a largely unknown part of the continent to the world at large, the French hoped to restore national pride after their humiliating loss at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, which effectively ended the Napoleonic Wars. The corollary is that the rivalry factor, often put forward by historians as the reason for British annexation of Western Australia in 1829, is shown to be of little value against the other three factors.

Cette thèse de création consiste en tine expérimentation sur le choeur à partir d'une pièce intitulée Quitte ou double qui met en scène la conscience d'un personnage entre la vie et la mort. Cette introspection est présentée à la fois par un choeur qui est la conscience---la part abstraite du personnage---et un protagoniste qui représente sa part physique. Le choeur, rompant avec la tradition dramaturgique est ainsi assigné à figurer un individu plutôt qu'une collectivité. La partie théorique dressé les limites de l'expression chorale dans cette perspective tout en s'appuyant stir une recherche historique et dramaturgique portant sur l'évolution des formes chorales en Occident. Elle relève la rareté relative du choeur dans le théâtre contemporain et propose des explications à cette apparente absence tout en ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives quant à sa fonction basées sur un modèle hybride de choeur (entre le choeur antique et la choralité), modèle que met en pratique le texte de création, Quitte ou double.

In 1772 French navigator Alesno de Saint-Aloüarn, visited the western coast of the Australian continent, and claimed it for France. Some French authorities and later French navigators believed that Saint-Aloüarn’s claim was valid under prescriptive law, yet this law is only valid if the land claimed is settled within a time frame of thirty years. However, France did not intend to either lay claim to, or establish a colony in western Australia during later voyages of exploration conducted in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, especially as in 1778 Captain Cook had taken possession of the east coast of Australia which was fortified by the British Navy. While this thesis does not dispute Saint-Aloüarn’s claim, a long succession of writing developed from a British perspective has located rivalry and fear of French colonial ambitions as the cause for British occupation of western Australia. French, Dutch and British voyages to the west coast of Australia have been canvassed, drawing upon both contemporary accounts and twentieth century interpretations of the aims and motives of the respective governments. This thesis investigates three factors considered to have significantly influenced the motivation for and preparation of relevant French and British voyages of exploration covering the period 1772 to 1829.
Differences between concepts held by both nations, such as spatiality and territoriality, the value of science, together with the fact that Britain and France operated under two quite distinct legal systems in regard to territorial claim, form the basis for arguing against past historical understandings. It is argued that while the primary aim of British exploration was to establish colonies to satisfy economic and defence requirements, as well as expansion of the empire, French voyages of exploration undertaken to the west of the Australian continent after 1778 were for scientific purposes. By adding knowledge of a largely unknown part of the continent to the world at large, the French hoped to restore national pride after their humiliating loss at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, which effectively ended the Napoleonic Wars. The corollary is that the rivalry factor, often put forward by historians as the reason for British annexation of Western Australia in 1829, is shown to be of little value against the other three factors.

With the unprecedented cultural changes that have swept late twentieth- and early twenty first century Western society, the notion of "masculinity" has been increasingly subjected to critical scrutiny. This thesis explores how the deconstruction of an idealized, monolithic masculinity that has, arguably, resulted from such scrutiny is represented and performed in contemporary men's fiction in French. Mixing textual analysis with attention to aesthetic codes and socio-political context, it follows a tripartite structure, apportioning its chapters to "gay literary masculinities", "black literary masculinities" and "white heterosexual literary masculinities", in each case focusing specifically on the work of one principal author, namely Herve Guibert, Dany Laferriere and Michel Houellebecq respectively. In addition to Judith Butler's analyses of the performative nature of gender identities, this thesis is informed by a range of scholarly interventions in the areas of masculinity, gender, feminist, gay, queer, African-American and postcolonial studies. Engaging with these interventions - historical, sociological and theoretical - it examines how contemporary men's fiction, and its performative modes of representing men, intervene in current debates about masculinity. Specifically, it interrogates how contemporary male-authored narratives engage with masculinity through performative strategies of representing men that draw attention to masculinity's discursive limits and dramatise its deconstruction. And, conscious that gender is always performed to be read in certain ways by a certain audience, this thesis also examines what such performances might feasibly seek to achieve in terms of impact on their readership, addressing the relationship between narrator and reader and renewing the question of the politics of literature. In so doing, it sets out to redress the remarkable lack of critical attention devoted to French-language literary masculinities.

Cette thèse analyse la différence des occurrences nationales et culturelles qui ont abouti à des cultures et industries viticoles radicalement différentes en France et en Autriche. Bien que les deux pays aient partagé des histoires antérieures à la dissolution du Saint Empire romain germanique, la culture et la relation de chaque pays au vin en tant que produit culturel diffèrent grandement. Dans cette thèse, j'explore pourquoi ces deux cultures ont développé des approches si différentes du vin, de la vinification et du vin.

This thesis examines cultural production focusing on the workplace. It explores the representations of changes that have taken place over the last four decades against the backdrop of globalisation at the end of the post-war economic boom. By assessing the mechanisms of control in terms of pedagogy and political re-appropriation, it looks at the way writers and film-makers have scrutinised the emergence of a globalised France in which the working classes are less inclined to confront capital. Its key argument is that the raison d’être of these contemporary ‘whistleblowers’, as they shall be referred to throughout this work, is to give visibility and purpose to the voices of workers and employees who, despite deunionisation and the subsequent crisis of representation and transmission, manage to resist in a socio-economic era disconnected from previous socio-historical landmarks such as the predominantly Marxist grand narrative. It argues that the films and writings analysed share the same purpose, which is to examine the human cost resulting from insidious forms of control and to highlight strategies of atomised yet inspiring deeds of resistance. This thesis has two focal points. Firstly, it outlines the transformations that have occurred: job losses, casualization and outsourcing, intensification of inequality, just-in-time production, neo-managerialism and bullying. Secondly, it examines how the subject of the workplace is developed in film and literature with an emphasis on character exploration. It comprises four chapters. Chapter One assesses the mechanisms of control of managerialism induced by neo-liberalism and concentrates on their consequences in the workplace and on the workers. The subsequent three chapters look at the way film-makers and authors tackle the same mechanisms through documentaries, cinema and literature in terms of social significance.

As has been reported in Canadian research on the experiences of Francophone patients and Francophone health professionals, active offer is not common or well performed in the Ontario healthcare system (Bernier, 2009; Boileau, 2016; Bouchard & Desmeules, 2013; Drolet et al., 2014; Hien & Lafontant, 2013). This descriptive quantitative research explored the self-reported awareness and implementation of the active offer concept during clinical placements by English language program 4th year undergraduate nursing students. A total of 69 participants were recruited in April 2017 to complete a paper or online-based survey. The survey consisted of questions on French language abilities, awareness of the patient safety risk of language discordance, communication experiences with Francophone patients and opinions of the role of the nurse, healthcare organizations and universities in the implementation of active offer. The participating nursing students reported little knowledge and training for implementing active offer during clinical settings. Despite the lack of preparation, the majority of them (92%) reported caring for a Francophone patient at least once with 25% doing that eight times or more during their clinical placements. More than 84% reported finding a way to communicate with Francophone patients in French, by speaking to them in French themselves or by asking Francophone colleagues, a professional interpreter or the patients’ family to interpret for them. Study recommendations include training nursing students during their undergraduate studies about the patient safety risks of language discordance, active offer and how to implement it. All English program nursing students should also be taught how to access and work with a professional interpreter. Those with French language skills should be encouraged to take healthcare specific language training. New research should be done to explore communication between English language program nursing students and Francophone patients to identify if it is safe and adequate from both the student and the patient’s point of view.

En biomedicine, le domaine du « Big Data » (l'infobésité) pose le problème de l'analyse de gros volumes de données hétérogènes (i.e. vidéo, audio, texte, image). Les ontologies biomédicales, modèle conceptuel de la réalité, peuvent jouer un rôle important afin d'automatiser le traitement des données, les requêtes et la mise en correspondance des données hétérogènes. Il existe plusieurs ressources en anglais mais elles sont moins riches pour le français. Le manque d'outils et de services connexes pour les exploiter accentue ces lacunes. Dans un premier temps, les ontologies ont été construites manuellement. Au cours de ces dernières années, quelques méthodes semi-automatiques ont été proposées. Ces techniques semi-automatiques de construction/enrichissement d'ontologies sont principalement induites à partir de textes en utilisant des techniques du traitement du langage naturel (TALN). Les méthodes de TALN permettent de prendre en compte la complexité lexicale et sémantique des données biomédicales : (1) lexicale pour faire référence aux syntagmes biomédicaux complexes à considérer et (2) sémantique pour traiter l'induction du concept et du contexte de la terminologie. Dans cette thèse, afin de relever les défis mentionnés précédemment, nous proposons des méthodologies pour l'enrichissement/la construction d'ontologies biomédicales fondées sur deux principales contributions.La première contribution est liée à l'extraction automatique de termes biomédicaux spécialisés (complexité lexicale) à partir de corpus. De nouvelles mesures d'extraction et de classement de termes composés d'un ou plusieurs mots ont été proposées et évaluées. L'application BioTex implémente les mesures définies.La seconde contribution concerne l'extraction de concepts et le lien sémantique de la terminologie extraite (complexité sémantique). Ce travail vise à induire des concepts pour les nouveaux termes candidats et de déterminer leurs liens sémantiques, c'est-à-dire les positions les plus pertinentes au sein d'une ontologie biomédicale existante. Nous avons ainsi proposé une approche d'extraction de concepts qui intègre de nouveaux termes dans l'ontologie MeSH. Les évaluations, quantitatives et qualitatives, menées par des experts et non experts, sur des données réelles soulignent l'intérêt de ces contributions
Big Data for biomedicine domain deals with a major issue, the analyze of large volume of heterogeneous data (e.g. video, audio, text, image). Ontology, conceptual models of the reality, can play a crucial role in biomedical to automate data processing, querying, and matching heterogeneous data. Various English resources exist but there are considerably less available in French and there is a strong lack of related tools and services to exploit them. Initially, ontologies were built manually. In recent years, few semi-automatic methodologies have been proposed. The semi-automatic construction/enrichment of ontologies are mostly induced from texts by using natural language processing (NLP) techniques. NLP methods have to take into account lexical and semantic complexity of biomedical data : (1) lexical refers to complex phrases to take into account, (2) semantic refers to sense and context induction of the terminology.In this thesis, we propose methodologies for enrichment/construction of biomedical ontologies based on two main contributions, in order to tackle the previously mentioned challenges. The first contribution is about the automatic extraction of specialized biomedical terms (lexical complexity) from corpora. New ranking measures for single- and multi-word term extraction methods have been proposed and evaluated. In addition, we present BioTex software that implements the proposed measures. The second contribution concerns the concept extraction and semantic linkage of the extracted terminology (semantic complexity). This work seeks to induce semantic concepts of new candidate terms, and to find the semantic links, i.e. relevant location of new candidate terms, in an existing biomedical ontology. We proposed a methodology that extracts new terms in MeSH ontology. The experiments conducted on real data highlight the relevance of the contributions

The Marquis de Sade has a notorious reputation amongst academics as a continuous figure of fictional and cultural studies. His characters, stories, and writings carry weight in modern interpretations of gender dynamics, pornographic aesthetics, and the alternative fantastical. This thesis will explore the Marquis de Sade’s most famous characters, Justine and Juliette, as means to define the Marquis’ significance to 21st Century Western culture production, particularly in Lars Von Trier’s Antichrist and E.L. James’ Fifty Shades of Grey. Exploring the female protagonists (or main characters) of the separate works, the correlations of subjugation, constructed morality, and the constructs of femininity become important markers for understanding the Marquis’ dissemination of his philosophies on gender, violence, and indulgent sexuality that leads to conversations on pornographic aesthetics in our modern period. Despite being dead for nearly 200 years, the Marquis de Sade’s relevance parades on in ideologies regarding female identity and sexual desires of the extreme.

The octatonic pitch set can be found in the works of many composers since the early nineteenth century, often with different characteristics of the pitch set being exploited by the composers. Much of the literature on octatonicism relates to specific instances in compositions or a specific composer’s approach to it rather than exploring octatonicism from a more holistic perspective. This dissertation serves as a holistic resource for the characteristics of the octatonic pitch set; whether as a scale, especially with regards to common practice harmony; or an unordered set. It does this by considering the contextual historical implications of the octatonic pitch set; the historic lineage of octatonic usage; and, significantly, with the goal of extracting specific compositional devices from the works of various composers that come from a variety of stylistic, historical, and harmonic perspectives. These compositional devices are learnable methods, or conventions that a composer can modify, build upon or implement into their own work. The contextual historical information, along with the description of the characteristics of the octatonic pitch set and, especially, the compositional devices are all intended to be both a single pedagogical resource and starting point for composers in relation to developing new octatonic compositional techniques and a holistic theoretical overview of octatonicism. The evidence, retrieved from third party analysis of select composers’ octatonic works, finds learnable compositional devices from broad stylistic backgrounds that can be reinterpreted and expanded into individualised compositional methods.

The Histoire de la Nouvelle-France (1609, 1611, 1612, 1617, 1618) by Marc Lescarbot (v. 1570--1641) is read as a symbolic foundation for the young colony of Port-Royal, Acadia (Annapolis, Nova Scotia), a construct which functions as a valid genesis for French America (thus, "New France" in the title refers specifically to this habitation as well as to the men who contributed to its making). Chapter I is devoted to a reading of the work's abundant paratext and identifies the topics at stake in the unfavourable rumours about the Acadian expeditions as well as about the lieutenant of Port-Royal, Jean de Biencourt, sieur de Poutrincourt. Moreover, this chapter explores the subjective marks, disseminated in the paratext, that build up the historian's ethos, which works as a proof of the validity of his object. This chapter investigates as well the metadiscursive comments on the writing of history and their incidence on the referentiality of the work. Chapter II compares the compilation of travel accounts contained in the Histoire with its sources. This comparison shows how the alteration of these accounts of travellers---who recorded themselves the result of their American expeditions---strengthens the division of the stereotyped dichotomy between the man of letters and the man of action, two functions respectively assigned to Lescarbot and Poutrincourt in the Histoire. The order of this compilation as well as the organisation of its various parts according to a diegetical logic shape specific places where a tension emerges between a reliable discourse, intended to a readership interested in the actual conditions of a colonial establishment, and the production of a textual "coating" aiming at attracting a courtly readership, to which the Jesuits, who challenged Poutrincourt's colonial project, addressed their requests. In chapter III, where are confronted the written and mapped representations of Port-Royal, this tension is even more manifest.

Paris a fourni à des écrivains et à des peintres polonais de multiples motifs textuels et iconiques. Il a été transformé, voire déformé, représenté sans cesse par des générations de créateurs slaves qui ont contribué à la naissance du mythe d’un Paris polonais. Si tout mythe apparaît comme irrationnel, s’il ne se préoccupe pas de la vérité historique, il n’en a pas moins un lien nécessaire avec l’Histoire et une fonction sociale. Leur connaissance reste fondamentale pour le déchiffrage du symbole, de l’allégorie et de la métaphore du Paris polonais qui revêt plusieurs significations. Il témoigne du fait que la nation polonaise s’y est créée au XIXe siècle sa « capitale » - le lieu de refuge et de rassemblement des exilés voulant reconquérir l’indépendance de la Pologne dès la fin du XVIIIe et tout au long du XIXe siècle. Plus tard, Paris devient une patrie spirituelle pour des paysans venus en France pour des raisons économiques ou politiques. Mais Paris en lui-même a également exercé sur les Polonais une influence profonde. Si le Paris cosmopolite a éduqué les Sarmates du XVIIe au XVIIIe siècle, il s’est imposé en tant que foyer de culture universelle et d’innovation dans tous les domaines de la création dans les années 1890-1939. Certes, le Paris des Polonais a une place légitime parmi les représentations nationales slaves. Toutefois, son exploitation dans une classe de Français Langue Etrangère permet l’étude des relations franco-polonaises sous le double signe de la fascination et de la désillusion. Tandis que l’Esprit français reste synonyme d’élégance et que le langage parisien témoigne d’un art de vivre, Maria Walewska demeure l’emblème de la relation affective franco-polonaise. A son tour, la représentation de l’émigré polonais rappelle l’exil, et Paris occupé par les nazis, le combat pour « notre liberté et la vôtre ». Quant aux artistes slaves de l’Ecole de Paris, ont-ils réussi à réinventer le Paris polonais ?
Paris has provided writers and Polish painters, multiple textual and iconic motifs. It has been transformed or deformed, constantly represented by generations of Slavic artists who contributed to the birth of the myth of a Polish Paris.If every myth appears as irrational, if it is not concerned with historical truth, than there is not a necessary link with history and a social function neither. Their knowledge remains fundamental to deciphering the symbol, allegory and metaphor of the Polish Paris that has several meanings.It reflects the fact that the Polish nation has created in the XIXe century his “capital” - the place of refuge and ingathering of the exiles wanting to regain the independence of Poland abroad since the late XVIIIe and all throughout the XIXe century. Later, Paris becomes the spiritual capital of peasants polish who came in France for economic and political reasons. But Paris had also a profound influence over Poles. If the Paris cosmopolitan has educated the Sarmatians of the XVIIe and XVIIIe centuries, it has established itself as a universal center of culture and innovation in all areas of creation in the years 1890-1939.Certainly, the Polish Paris has a rightful place among the Slavic national representations. However, his use in a class of French as a foreign language allows the study of Franco- Polish relations under the double sign of the fascination and disillusionment. While the French Spirit remains synonymous with elegance and the Parisian language reflects a lifestyle, Maria Walewska remains the emblem of the Franco-Polish emotional relationship. In turn, the representation of the brave Polish immigrant reminds the exile and the occupied Paris - the struggle for “our freedom and yours”. As for the Slavic artists of the Ecole de Paris, did they manage to reinvent the Polish Paris?

Dans l’attente d’une augmentation de la part des énergies renouvelables dans le mix énergétique, les énergies fossiles, telles que les hydrocarbures, restent encore la première source d’approvisionnement énergétique de l’Homme. La raréfaction des hydrocarbures sur le continent conduit les industriels à se tourner vers l’offshore. Ainsi, aux Etats-Unis (1er pays producteur de pétrole au monde en 2015), la production pétrolière offshore (principalement concentrée dans le Golfe du Mexique) représente plus de la moitié de la production nationale totale de pétrole. La France, quant à elle, se tourne désormais vers l’exploration de sa très grande zone offshore s’étendant sur les quatre coins du monde (notamment au large des côtes guyanaises). Une telle importance économique ne doit pas passer sous silence la dangerosité de l’exploitation pétrolière offshore. L’explosion du Deepwater Horizon en avril 2010, au large des côtes de la Louisiane (Golfe du Mexique ; Etats-Unis) en est une parfaite illustration (11 salariés tués, endommagement de l’écosystème, victimes collatérales, etc.). Le droit doit pouvoir appréhender efficacement les risques générés par l’exploitation des hydrocarbures en offshore. L’étude comparative des législations française et états-unienne met en exergue les carences du droit français. L’exploitation des ressources minérales du plateau continental des Etats-Unis, la répression des déversements illicites d’hydrocarbures et, la réparation des dommages qui en résultent, sont régies par des lois fédérales spéciales. A contrario, l’exploitation du plateau continental et de la Zone économique exclusive française s’inscrit dans un cadre législatif et règlementaire plus général. Il apparaît donc nécessaire de proposer une réforme de la législation actuelle. Dans cette optique, ce travail a vocation à émettre des propositions de réforme. La nouvelle législation française spéciale doit être pensée dans une approche systémique. Les éléments qui composent le système doivent interagir. Le premier élément est un régime optimal de prévention qui, s’articule autour de la sécurité des travailleurs et des installations. Le second élément est un régime de répression des infractions à la législation de prévention et, du délit de pollution par les hydrocarbures. Le troisième élément est un régime d’indemnisation civile de plein droit des conséquences dommageables de l’accident pétrolier (lorsqu’il n’est pas couvert par le régime exclusif d’indemnisation des accidents du travail) et du déversement d’hydrocarbures. Responsabilités pénale et civile concourent par ailleurs à la prévention par la dissuasion, cela en vue d’une meilleure internalisation des risques dans la politique managériale des entreprises pétrolières et parapétrolières intervenant sur les sites
Waiting for a complete change to the development of renewable energies, fossil energies, such as conventional oil and gas, remain still the primary source of energy supply. The rarefaction of conventional oil on the continent has lead major oil companies to turn to the offshore. Thus, in the United States (First oil producer country in the world in 2015) the offshore oil exploitation (mainly concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico) represents more than half of the national oil production. France, as for it, turns now to the exploration of its very great offshore zone extending on the four world’s corners (particularly, off the Guyana’s coasts). This significant economic development should not overlook the dangerousness of offshore oil activities. The explosion of Deepwater Horizon in April 2010, off the Louisiana’s coasts (Gulf of Mexico, The United States) is a perfect illustration (11 killed employees, ecosystem damaged, collateral victims, etc). The Law must be able to frame the risks generated by the offshore oil activities. The comparative study of French and American legal systems highlights French law’s gaps. The exploitation of the American continental shelf’s mineral resources, the repression of unlawful oil discharges and, the remedies of damages, which result from it, are governed by special federal laws. A contrario, the exploitation of the French continental shelf and exclusive economic Zone is governed by general laws. It thus appears necessary to promote a reform of the current legislation. Accordingly, this work is to put forth reform proposals. The special French new legislation must be worked out in a systemic approach. The elements which compose the system must interact. The first element is an optimal prevention that is articulated around the security of the workers and the installations. The second element is the repression of the offenses to the legislation of prevention and, unlawful oil discharges. The third element is a strict liability for the damages result from oil accident (when they are not covered by the exclusive liability for the damages result from occupational accidents) and oil spill. Criminal and civil liabilities also contribute to the prevention by the deterrent for better consideration of risks in the management of oil companies and others companies involving in offshore oil activities

ECLAIRs, l'imageur à rayons X dur de la mission sino-française SVOM, est dédié à la détection et à la localisation en quasi temps réel de sources transitoires cosmiques dans la plage d'énergie allant de 4 à 150 keV. Cet instrument est une caméra grand champ, munie d'un plan de détection pavé de 6400 détecteurs Schottky CdTe, qui permet de créer des images du ciel en rayons X durs grâce à un système de localisation appelé " masque codé ". Les travaux exposés dans ce manuscrit détaillent la conception, la réalisation et la mesure des performances de modules hybrides de 32 détecteurs lus par un ASIC (appelés modules XRDPIX), qui constituent les briques de base du plan de détection, et qui permettent d'atteindre des performances inégalées pour ce type d'instrument avec un seuil en énergie égal à 4 keV. Après avoir posé la problématique de détection des sources cosmiques transitoires en rayons X, en s'appuyant sur le contexte astrophysique de la mission SVOM, puis détaillé son instrument principal, j'expose, dans ce mémoire de thèse, mon travail sur la réalisation de grands plans de détection pixélisés pour l'astronomie gamma, avec en particulier ma contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation du module XRDPIX. Le développement des modules XRDPIX, fait appel à la fois à une conception faible bruit et à l'utilisation de technologies innovantes. Les détecteurs CdTe sont polarisés jusqu'à -450V et régulés à basse température (nominalement 20°C) afin de minimiser le courant de fuite et de limiter les effets de polarisation. Le seuil bas en énergie requis pour la mission spatiale est atteint grâce à une caractérisation approfondie des éléments constituant les 200 XRDPIX de vol, qui forment la caméra ECLAIRs. Je présente de façon détaillée les caractéristiques physiques et technologiques de ces modules, les différentes étapes de leur développement, en justifiant les solutions et les compromis techniques qui ont jalonné leur fabrication. Ensuite, en me basant sur un échantillon statistique abondant, obtenu lors des nombreux tests et qualifications réalisés sur plusieurs centaines de modules et sous-modules, j'expose les résultats de mesures qui démontrent les excellentes performances du module XRDPIX, en termes de résolution spectrale, de seuil bas en énergie, de gain et de comptage. Des études annexes sont également montrées, afin de compléter la validation des XRDPIX par l'analyse de l'influence de divers paramètres physiques sur les performances, comme par exemple la température. En conclusion, grâce à ces analyses de données abondantes, et à des modélisations du bruit total équivalent, je propose des réglages optimaux pour deux paramètres de configuration clés : la valeur de polarisation pour la haute tension et le peaking time, qui permettent d'obtenir le seuil en énergie de 4 keV exigé par la mission SVOM, avec une bonne uniformité sur l'ensemble du plan de détection. Finalement, je présente ce retour d'expérience, couplé à l'étude des paramètres clés qui déterminent la sensibilité d'un imageur grand champ dans le domaine des X durs (surface de détection, gamme d'énergie, champ de vue, ...), ce qui m'amène à proposer des pistes pour la réalisation d'instruments ambitieux avec des gains en sensibilité significatifs dans le futur
ECLAIRs, the hard X-ray imager of the Chinese-French SVOM mission, is dedicated to the detection and localization in near real-time of cosmic transient sources in the energy range from 4 to 150 keV. This instrument is a wide field camera, equipped with a detection plane paved with 6400 CdTe Schottky detectors, which allows to create hard X-ray images of the sky thanks to a localization system called "coded mask". The work presented in this manuscript details the design, the realization and the measurement of the performances of hybrid modules of 32 detectors read by an ASIC (called XRDPIX modules), which constitute the basic bricks of the detection plan, and which make it possible to reach unequalled performances for this type of instrument with a threshold in energy equal to 4 keV. After having posed the problem of detection of transient cosmic sources in X-rays, based on the astrophysical context of the SVOM mission, and then detailed its main instrument, I present, in this thesis, my work on the realization of large pixelated detection plans for gamma-ray astronomy, with in particular my contribution to the study and the realization of the XRDPIX module. The development of the XRDPIX modules, calls for both a low noise design and the use of innovative technologies. The CdTe detectors are biased down to -450V and regulated at low temperature (nominally 20°C) in order to minimize the leakage current and to limit the polarization effects. The low energy threshold required for the space mission is reached thanks to a thorough characterization of the elements constituting the 200 flight XRDPIX, which form the ECLAIRs camera. I present in detail the physical and technological characteristics of these modules, the various stages of their development, justifying the solutions and technical compromises that have marked their manufacture. Then, based on an abundant statistical sample, obtained during the numerous tests and qualifications carried out on several hundreds of modules and sub-modules, I present the results of measurements which demonstrate the excellent performances of the XRDPIX module, in terms of spectral resolution, low energy threshold, gain and counting. Additional studies are also shown, in order to complete the validation of the XRDPIX by analyzing the influence of various physical parameters on the performances, such as temperature. In conclusion, thanks to these abundant data analyses, and to models of the total equivalent noise, I propose optimal settings for two key configuration parameters: the bias value for the high voltage and the peaking time, which allow to obtain the 4 keV energy threshold required by the SVOM mission, with a good uniformity on the whole detection plane. Finally, I present this feedback, coupled with the study of the key parameters that determine the sensitivity of a wide field imager in the hard X-ray domain (detection area, energy range, field of view, ...), which leads me to propose avenues for the realization of ambitious instruments with significant gains in sensitivity in the future

In 1802, a French scientific expedition under the command of Nicolas Baudin made an uscheduled visit to the British colony at Port Jackson, New South Wales. It was a pivotal episode in the course of Baudin's Australian voyage. The commander had already fulfilled most of his instructions, though imperfectly, and only the north coast of New Holland remained unexamined. He and his men stayed at anchor in Port Jackson for over five months. When they set sail once more, they embarked on what historians agree was a new phase of the expedition. Baudin and his men did not proceed directly to the north coast, but returned to the southern and western coasts, where they perfected and augmented the work in geography and natural history that they had carried out earlier. This thesis examines what occurred during the sojourn at Port Jackson, as well as the circumstances that led up to it, in order to determine in precise terms why and how this episode came to be a turning point in Baudin's voyage. It asks: was the second campaign just an extension of the first or was it an opportunity for Baudin to redefine the voyage? The Port Jackson sojourn thus serves as a site of interrogation regarding the nature of Nicolas Baudin's leadership and the construction, on British colonial territory, of a French scientific voyage. However, the opportunity to gain real insight into the sojourn of the voyagers at Port Jackson has been limited by a perceived scarcity of resources. The fact that Baudin's journal falls silent here has meant that there is no one privileged source of information on the commander's role or on the day-to-day activities of the expeditioners, and that scholars examining this episode have tended to focus on the details of the larger picture rather than on the larger picture itself. This is not to say that the presence of the Baudin expedition in Port Jackson has left no material traces. In fact, there is a diverse range of archival records – expense accounts, correspondence, inventories of specimens, journals kept by officers and savants and the logbooks of the Géographe – from which the day-to-day life of the commander and his men at Port Jackson can be reconstructed. Commencing with an analysis of the events that led up to the sojourn and influenced Baudin's approach to it, this study examines the relationships that Baudin built in the colony, his manner of command aboard the Géographe and the scientific results of the stay. After then analysing the way in which Baudin managed the sojourn and planned the second campaign, we conclude that Baudin did not simply seek to satisfy the expectations of his superiors but in fact he seized this opportunity to create the “perfect” scientific voyage.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2010

Collecting, as it was practiced in the 1880s, meant cultivating a comforting and busy, but also disorienting and disconcerting domestic, and mental, interior. This study examines how this meaning was developed in French literature at the end of the 19th century. I consider how collecting investigates the self, exercises the powers of the mind, inquires into the individual's relationship to society and to texts. The study takes, as its point of departure, comments about the cultural significance of collecting, as a widespread taste for domestic interiors filled with objects, made by Paul Bourget and Edmond de Goncourt, two writers of the 1880s. I then focus on fictional texts from the 1880s by J.-K. Huysmans and Pierre Loti, who, more than any other writers at the end of the 19th century, depict collecting as an earnest activity of self-exploration. The specific collections involved are Huysmans' protagonist's whimsically decorated house outside of Paris, Loti's protagonist's collection of Japanese objects in Japan, Loti's protagonist's floating museum on board his ship, and the author Loti's home museum in Rochefort. Through close readings of my two texts--paying attention to repeated words, descriptions, imagery, figurative language, ironies, contradictions, juxtapositions, ambiguities, tone and intertextual references, textual form and structure--I analyze how collecting is a process of defining the self, an apprentissage. The arc of my study draws its inspiration from the theme of collecting itself. From the self and mind of the collector, I proceed to examine how he organizes space, to how he interacts with other people, to how he approaches literature. Huysmans and Loti prefigure the modernist turn toward the superfluousness of objects, insofar as the collector's elaborate reflection on his objects dominates the two texts discussed in this study, A Rebours (1884) and Madame Chrysanthème (1887). As the collector comes to be at home with objects, objects become, increasingly, catalysts for inner mental exploration. Yet the collected objects of des Esseintes and Loti are still, often, special and rare; these characters are not yet exulting in the trivial, universally available object, as later modernists will do. In Huysmans and Loti, there is still great faith in material objects and the artful arrangement of them to satisfy desires, to be the answer to the quest, to fill the lack, to lead one inward, to solve problems. Already, by the end of the 1880s, the window of earnest self-exploration through collecting, as exemplified by Huysmans and Loti, will close. In Oscar Wilde's 1890 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, which became well-known and widely read in France at the time of its publication, collecting in Wilde's text becomes implicated in hiding the truth of oneself. In Huysmans' and Loti's depictions of collecting art, art objects and other elements, there is, in contrast, a sense of profitable, fruitful exploration of self, rather than a fear of self-exploration. The collecting they portray is a way of coming to be at home in one's own mind--seeking not originality but simply the articulation of one's own perspective.

That most studies of the Society Islands primarily deal with the windward group, is due to the post-contact history of the archipelago. From its discovery in 1767, Tahiti became the preferred anchorage for European ships in need of provisions. Missionaries and traders followed. Consequently, our sources are richest for the windward Society Islands. The centre of the indigenous universe, however, was in the leeward Society Islands and these are the main focus of this study. Myths, traditions, symbolisms, genealogies, speech and language are analysed to uncover some of the culture’s fundamental themes and patterns and to gain insights into the indigenous ethos. The first chapter deals with the origins of the people. Traditional beliefs in an ancient homeland were noted as early as 1769 and are consistent with vernacular texts recorded many decades later. The findings of linguistics and archaeology relating to the problem of origins and population dispersals are also examined. Interpretations of the latter evidence are at variance with the claims of Society Islands traditions. Cosmogony is the subject of chapter two, which examines the traditional cosmic structure and the interaction between its binary polarities, Po and Ao. Concepts of time, place, origins and ultimate destination were shaped by the cosmic structure. The major event of the ritual calendar entailed a re-enactment of cosmogony. An analysis of original vernacular texts reveals a dialectic of the raw and the cooked. Excretal aspects of ritual and myth hitherto ignored by the culture studies of the region are given meaning. Contextual meanings of tapu. ra’a and noa are examined. Marae were places of ritual at the intersection of Po and Ao. Chapter three further explores the Po-Ao theme. Chiefs were the intermediaries between the two realms and embodied society’s ora or well-being. Death was a return to the beginning and defined by loss of ora. The place of origin had a physical location in the leeward Society Islands, which was hedged with oral symbolisms consistent with perceptions of the body as pathways between Po and Ao. Chapter four analyses genealogies and marae which together formed the heart of the culture, providing linkages between past and present. The only cosmogonic genealogy known for the archipelago is examined in detail. Changes and shifts in mythology are reflections of the increasing socio-political importance of certain marae. In chapter five, cosmogony is traced to the first human ancestors and sacred chiefs of Raiatea and Borabora. The conflicting traditions of certain significant marae cannot now be resolved in the absence of other evidence. The ’Oro cult peculiar to the Society Islands may have originated in another archipelago. Genealogies and traditions reveal a historical Boraboran dominance over the sacred centre at Raiatea that possibly goes back to the introduction of ’Oro. The Boraboran warrior-chief Puni of Cook’s time, reasserted this traditional dominance. During Puni’s reign rumours reached the Society Islands, concerning strange beings and wondrous vessels passing through the nearby Tuamotus. The likely immediate source of these rumours are examined in chapter six. They were translated into prophecies consistent with the traditional universe and the political situation in the leeward islands. The prophecies heralded the cultural changes to come with the discovery of Tahiti.

碩士
中國文化大學
美術學系
102
In 1863, French painting circle disclosed the wave of subversion by establishing Salon des Refuses to oppose Salon de Paris on the basis of innovation and reformation, fermenting Independent exhibitions organized by a group of young painters under the name of “Société Anonyem DES Peintres Sculpteurs Graveurs” to display their artistic works in 1874. The first group exhibition from painters in this painting school lifted the revolutionary curtain, allowing impressionism to break out of the historical framework and reintegrate tradition with modernity, and settling inheritance of opportunities for the 20th century. Impressionism in the last thirty years of the 19th century had become the mainstream of painting art to cause diversities of urban life and features of modernization with the addition of rising Bourgeois, and largely presented in impressionism paintings. In the mid-19 century, the image of feminine beauty in France had great change to produce new characteristics in either contents or forms. What is the reason? What did these new feminine images influence on the society? In order to deeply explore social and humanity environment factors for the aforesaid feminine paintings, the writer specially collected various data relating to feminine paintings and conducted literature analysis and induction to investigate based on the viewpoint of interactive influence between social environment and cultural humanity environment. This is the purpose and scope for the writer to write this thesis.

Chan, Chun Hay.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-232).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.iii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2 --- The Intellectual Trajectory of Sociology of Everyday Life --- p.26
Chapter 3 --- The New (French) Context --- p.50
Chapter 4 --- Henri Lefebvre --- p.70
Chapter 5 --- Michel de Certeau --- p.120
Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.162
Bibliography --- p.195

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
表演藝術研究所
102
Under the wave of globalization, all countries in the world are also relatively emerging a fashion to reform their local cultures. Each County and City here in Taiwan spares no efforts to promote various local culture under two projects of the “Guidance of the County and City to transact the activities plan for small international culture and art” and the “Integral construction of communities” led by the Council for Cultural Affairs, hoping by the participation of cultural art to congregate local citizens’ common consensus, reconstruct an identification of ego culture, awaken community to an environmental consciousness, and reform the unique of city value and the local trait. These methods include using the existed local and traditional culture characteristics and the historical humanism to connect with the local action, through theatrical performing forms, or holding large art festivals, to manifest the local’s participation, cohere the common consensus, and emphasize the importance of cluster’s identification. In the other hand, by participation in cultural art activities, allow the artistic culture able to blend into daily lives naturally, and through the unobtrusive and imperceptible changes and influences, cultivate the artistic capacity and disposition, increase the population of art appreciation, and enhance the creativity by a long-term project, so as to stimulate the artistic consumption and build up a foundation of industrial development by local culture. This study is taking the environmental theater of “Legend of anti-French” as a case to explore the complexion of local culture by the theatrical performing form built in the said theater. In the process to develop the local culture, is it able to effectively promote the local culture through the cultural art activities to form a mechanism for local citizens jointly to join in? This article, therefore, will use the manners of deep interview and sub-information analyses, by references retrospect, participation and observation, to generalize a comprehensively studied result and propose, hoping to outline the relationship between the theatrical activities of environmental theater and the localization of local culture for references of oncoming and interesting readers.

In 1802, a French scientific expedition under the command of Nicolas Baudin made an uscheduled visit to the British colony at Port Jackson, New South Wales. It was a pivotal episode in the course of Baudin's Australian voyage. The commander had already fulfilled most of his instructions, though imperfectly, and only the north coast of New Holland remained unexamined. He and his men stayed at anchor in Port Jackson for over five months. When they set sail once more, they embarked on what historians agree was a new phase of the expedition. Baudin and his men did not proceed directly to the north coast, but returned to the southern and western coasts, where they perfected and augmented the work in geography and natural history that they had carried out earlier. This thesis examines what occurred during the sojourn at Port Jackson, as well as the circumstances that led up to it, in order to determine in precise terms why and how this episode came to be a turning point in Baudin's voyage. It asks: was the second campaign just an extension of the first or was it an opportunity for Baudin to redefine the voyage? The Port Jackson sojourn thus serves as a site of interrogation regarding the nature of Nicolas Baudin's leadership and the construction, on British colonial territory, of a French scientific voyage. However, the opportunity to gain real insight into the sojourn of the voyagers at Port Jackson has been limited by a perceived scarcity of resources. The fact that Baudin's journal falls silent here has meant that there is no one privileged source of information on the commander's role or on the day-to-day activities of the expeditioners, and that scholars examining this episode have tended to focus on the details of the larger picture rather than on the larger picture itself. This is not to say that the presence of the Baudin expedition in Port Jackson has left no material traces. In fact, there is a diverse range of archival records – expense accounts, correspondence, inventories of specimens, journals kept by officers and savants and the logbooks of the Géographe – from which the day-to-day life of the commander and his men at Port Jackson can be reconstructed. Commencing with an analysis of the events that led up to the sojourn and influenced Baudin's approach to it, this study examines the relationships that Baudin built in the colony, his manner of command aboard the Géographe and the scientific results of the stay. After then analysing the way in which Baudin managed the sojourn and planned the second campaign, we conclude that Baudin did not simply seek to satisfy the expectations of his superiors but in fact he seized this opportunity to create the “perfect” scientific voyage.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2010

Le Jeu, un phénomène difficile à définir, se manifeste en littérature de différentes manières. Le présent travail en considère deux : l’écriture à contrainte, telle que la pratique l’Oulipo, et l’écriture de l’imaginaire, en particulier les romans de Fantasy française. La première partie de cette étude présente donc, sous forme d’essai, les origines et les visées des deux groupes d’écrivains, mettant en lumière les similitudes pouvant être établies entre eux malgré leurs apparentes différences. Tandis que l’Oulipo cherche des contraintes capables de générer un nombre infini de textes et explore la langue par ce moyen, la Fantasy se veut créatrice de mondes imaginaires en puisant généralement à la source de Tolkien et des jeux de rôle. Il en résulte que le jeu, dans les deux cas, se révèle un puissant moteur de création, que le récit appelle un lecteur-explorateur et qu’il crée une infinité de mondes possibles. Malgré tout, des divergences demeurent quant à leurs critiques, leurs rapports avec le jeu et les domaines extralittéraires, et leurs visées. Considérant ce fait, je propose de combiner les deux styles d’écriture en me servant du cycle des Hortense de Jacques Roubaud (structuré au moyen de la sextine) et des Chroniques des Crépusculaires de Mathieu Gaborit (figure de proue en fantasy « pure »). Ce projet a pour but de combler le fossé restant encore entre les deux groupes. Ainsi, la seconde partie de mon travail constitue une première tentative de réunion des deux techniques d’écriture (à contrainte et de l’imaginaire). Six héros (trois aventuriers et trois mercenaires) partent à la recherche d’un objet magique dérobé à la Reine du Désert et capable de bouleverser l’ordre du monde. Le récit, divisé en six chapitres, rapporte les aventures de ce groupe jusqu’à leur rencontre avec l’ennemi juré de la Reine, un puissant sorcier elfe noir. Chaque chapitre comporte six sections plus petites où sont permutés – selon le mouvement de la sextine – six éléments caractéristiques des jeux de rôles : 1-Une description du MJ (Maître du Jeu) ; 2-Un combat ; 3-Une énigme à résoudre ou un piège à désarmer ; 4-Une discussion entre les joueurs à propos de leurs avatars ; 5-L’acquisition d’un nouvel objet ; 6-Une interaction avec un PNJ (Personnage Non Joueur). Tout au long du texte, des références aux Chroniques des Crépusculaires de Mathieu Gaborit apparaissent, suivant également un ordre sextinien. D’autres allusions, à Tolkien, Queneau, Perec ou Roubaud, agrémentent le roman.
The game, a hard-to-define phenomenon, expresses itself in literature by different means. This study considers two of them: the constrained writing, as the Oulipo uses it, and the writing of imaginary, French Fantasy novels in particular. The first part of this work is an essay presenting the origins and goals of the two groups of writers, and showing their similarities despite their apparent differences. While the Oulipo searches for constraints able to generate an infinite number of texts and explore the language by this mean, Fantasy wants to create imaginary worlds by drawing at Tolkien’s source and roleplaying games. It follows that, in both cases, the game shows itself to be a powerful engine for creation, the story calls for a reader-explorer and this process creates an infinity of possible worlds. Nonetheless, divergences remain about their critics, their relationship with the game and with non-literary domains, and their goals. Considering that fact, I propose to combine the two writing styles by using Jacques Roubaud’s Hortense cycle (structure by the “sextine”) and Mathieu Gaborit’s Chronique des Crépusculaires (which is a leading figure in “pure” fantasy). This project aim to bridge the remaining gap between the two groups. The second part of this work is then a first attempt to reunite the two writing technics (constrained and of imaginary). Six heroes (three adventurers and three mercenaries) are going on a quest, looking for a magical object stolen from the Desert’s Queen and able to disrupt the world order. The story, divide in six chapters, tells the adventures of this group from the start to their final battle with the Queen’s sworn enemy, a powerful dark elf sorcerer. Each chapter is composed of six smaller sections where six roleplaying distinctive elements are permutated in a “sextine-like” movement: 1-A DM’s description; 2-A battle; 3-A puzzle to resolve or a trap to disarm; 4-A discussion between the players over their avatar; 5-The gain of a new item; 6-An interaction with a NPC (Non-Player Character). Throughout the story, references to Mathieu Gaborit’ Chronique des Crépusculaires appear, following the “sextine” order. Other references, to Tolkien, Queneau, Perec or Roubaud adorned the novel.