Relevant bibliographies by topics / Australia – Social policy – 20th century

Academic literature on the topic 'Australia – Social policy – 20th century'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Australia – Social policy – 20th century"

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Rademaker, Laura. "Mission, Politics and Linguistic Research." Historiographia Linguistica 42, no. 2-3 (December 31, 2015): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.42.2-3.06rad.

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Summary This article investigates the ways local mission and national politics shaped linguistic research work in mid-20th century Australia through examining the case of the Church Missionary Society’s Angurugu Mission on Groote Eylandt in the Northern Territory and research into the Anindilyakwa language. The paper places missionary linguistics in the context of broader policies of assimilation and national visions for Aboriginal people. It reveals how this social and political climate made linguistic research, largely neglected in the 1950s (apart from some notable exceptions), not only possible, but necessary by the 1970s. Finally, it comments on the state of research into Aboriginal languages and the political climate of today. Until the 1950s, the demands of funding and commitment to a government policy of assimilation into white Australia meant that the CMS could not support linguistic research and opportunities for academic linguists to conduct research into Anindilyakwa were limited. By the 1960s, however, national consensus about the future of Aboriginal people and their place in the Australian nation shifted and governments reconsidered the nature of their support for Christian missions. As the ‘industrial mission’ model of the 1950s was no longer politically or economically viable, the CMS looked to reinvent itself, to find new ways of maintaining its evangelical influence on Groote Eylandt. Linguistics and research into Aboriginal cultures – including in partnership with secular academic agents – were a core component of this reinvention of mission, not only for the CMS but more broadly across missions to Aboriginal people. The resulting collaboration across organisations proved remarkably productive from a research perspective and enabled the continuance of a missionary presence and relevance. The political and financial limitations faced by missions shaped, therefore, not only their own practice with regards to linguistic research, but also the opportunities for linguists beyond the missionary fold. The article concludes that, in Australia, the two bodies of linguists – academic and missionary – have a shared history, dependent on similar political, social and financial forces.
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Suzdaltsev, Ilya. "Modern English Historiography of the Communist International: A General Overview." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640013465-9.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the 21st-century English-language historiography of the Communist International. Contemporary historians are showing increasing interest in the study of this international organization. Three available conceptual approaches to this topic (“traditionalist”, “revisionist”, and “post-revisionist”) are considered and characterized, the works of historians from Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand are analyzed. The article demonstrates an increase in research interest in the Communist International. In a fairly large volume of studies, there are monographs and articles devoted to the organization both directly (the historiography of the Comintern, the activities of its sections around the world, etc.) and indirectly, i.e., to related issues such as the history of communism, in particular, and the left forces, in general, international relations of Soviet Russia, the communist movement in individual countries, etc. These studies touch on the period of the Comintern's activity from 1920 to the end of the 1930s, including several controversial issues: the impact on the policy of the national communist parties of the “The Twenty-one Conditions”, united front tactics, Bolshevization, Stalinization, and the Popular Front. The author believes that most of the studies (especially those published in the first decade of the 21st century) are based on studies published long before the 2000s, however, archival materials are being used in increasing volumes, which makes modern research more objective. This gives grounds for a conclusion about the revision of the historiographic tradition of the Comintern that existed in the 20th century: new approaches (“revisionist” and “post-revisionist”) entailed a change in emphasis and a revision of some established points of view. Authors adhering to these approaches rely mainly on modern literature (including Russian) and a wide source base represented by materials from both national archives and the Russian State Archives of Social-Political History.
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Freak-Poli, Rosanne, Peng Bi, and Janet E. Hiller. "Trends in cancer mortality during the 20th century in Australia." Australian Health Review 31, no. 4 (2007): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah070557.

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An epidemiological study was conducted, using annual cancer mortality data over the period 1907 to 1998, to explore change in Australian cancer mortality. A 3-year moving average mortality was calculated to minimise the annual fluctuations over the study period. The results suggested that overall cancer mortality rose slightly over the past century, with a small decrease in more recent years. The male and female cancer mortality rates diverged over time. Younger age groups had low and stable death rates, 35?59 years age groups demonstrated decreased rates, and older age groups had increased rates over the study period. Modifiable lifestyle factors and other possible reasons for the changes were explored.
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Fitch, Kate. "Rethinking Australian public relations history in the mid-20th century." Media International Australia 160, no. 1 (August 2016): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16651135.

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This article investigates the development of public relations in Australia and addresses calls to reconceptualise Australian public relations history. It presents the findings from an analysis of newspaper articles and industry newsletters in the 1940s and 1950s. These findings confirm the term public relations was in common use in Australia earlier than is widely accepted and not confined to either military information campaigns during the war or the corporate sector in the post-war period, but was used by government and public institutions and had increasing prominence through industry associations in the manufacturing sector and in social justice and advocacy campaigns. The study highlights four themes – war and post-war work, non-profit public relations, gender, and media and related industries – that enable new perspectives on Australian public relations history and historiography to be developed.
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Donaldson, Sarah, Peng Bi, and Janet B Hiller. "Secular Change in Mortality from Suicide in Australia during the 20th Century." Australian Journal of Primary Health 13, no. 1 (2007): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py07006.

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To identify secular change in Australian suicide mortality over the period 1907-1998 and to seek possible explanations, a descriptive epidemiological study was conducted. Deaths due to suicide from 1907 to 1998 were identified according to the ICD-9. Trends in overall annual suicide mortality rates for all causes and individual causes were examined using the three-year moving average method, standardised by age and sex. Secular trends for mortality over the study period were examined in various age groups, using linear regression to test the slope. The results indicated that there has been a decline in overall age and sex standardised mortality from suicide over the study period. The death rate dropped from 15.2 per 100,000 in the early century to 13.9 per 100,000 in late century. Despite the overall decline, the female suicide mortality rates increased over the study period. Male suicide mortality rates were significantly higher than female rates over the study period (P<0.0001). Increased suicide rates were observed in the 15-24 and 25-44 year old age groups for both males and females. The group of 65+ year old females also had increased rates. Decreased rates were observed in both the male and female 45-64 year old age group and in the 65+ year old male age group. The three most common suicide methods used by males in 1907 were guns, poisoning and hanging, while for females they were drowning, hanging and poisoning. In 1998 they were changed to hanging, gas and guns for males and hanging, gas and drowning and poisoning (equally third) for females. These trends can be attributed to numerous factors such as economic crisis, world wars, the availability of suicide methods, a person's gender.
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Bergenheim, Sophy. "The population, its health and social sciences." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 35, no. 2 (April 2018): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072518765325.

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This commentary provides a glimpse into a conceptual history approach to the topic of public health. I focus primarily on the history of public health during the first half of the 20th century. I will also reflect on its entanglement with the social sciences in later times. The first two sections discuss three core elements of the concept of public health: the “public” or collective that the term refers to, “health”, and finally, “public health” as “health of a collective”. These elements are historical and political concepts, which means that they do not have a fixed definition, but need to be placed in their historical and political contexts. In the final section, I discuss some connections between social science and public health during the 20th century.
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Dju, Orlindo, Johnatan Da Costa Santos, Darinka Brosovich Flores, and Jorge Marko Calderon Verduga. "African direction in the foreign policy of Brazil." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 11-1 (November 1, 2020): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202011statyi06.

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The article considers political, economic, social and cultural aspects of Brazilian-African cooperation at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. At the present stage, after two decades of active development, Brazilian policy towards Africa has been losing momentum. Nowadays the cooperation between Brazil and African countries requires developing a new strategy.
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Mau, V. "Russia’s Social and Economic Policy in 2014: Finding New Frontiers." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2015): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2015-2-5-31.

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The paper deals with the roots and features of current Russian economic problems as a combination of structural and institutional crises, cyclical and external shocks. Mobilization and liberalization are discussed as two key economic policy alternatives. The analysis includes historical retrospection which provides some important lessons from economic development in the 20th century. Special attention is paid to the desirable policy to stimulate economic growth.
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Hemphill, Thomas A. "From Industrial Policy to National Industrial Strategy: An Emerging Global Phenomenon." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 38, no. 3-4 (October 2018): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0270467620925710.

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In February 2019, the German federal government announced its new “National Industry Strategy 2030.” Many economies—including the United Kingdom (2017), European Union (2017), and Saudi Arabia (2018)—have announced national industrial strategies addressing the competitive threat of the People’s Republic of China’s 2015 “Made in China 2025” 5-year economic plan to become a global leader in 10 advanced technology manufacturing sectors. The use of the 20th-century term “industrial policy” heralds back to public policy antecedents of what is now evolving globally in the 21st century as national “industrial strategy,” a concept explored in this article. Unlike traditional 20th-century efforts at industrial policy (which focused on public policy efforts to maintain domestic primacy of declining, older industries), national industrial strategy recognizes (and generally accepts) the international global economy as a foundation of competition. Most importantly, national industrial strategy focuses on technologically emerging industries as well as the national government working collaborative in a partnership with these emerging industries to meet future growth challenges and opportunities.
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Van Winkle, Zachary. "Family policies and family life course complexity across 20th-century Europe." Journal of European Social Policy 30, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 320–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928719880508.

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The family policy landscape changed dramatically across and within European societies during the 20th century. At the same time, family life courses have become more complex, unstable and unpredictable. However, there are no empirical studies that attempt to link changes in family policies with increasing family life course complexity. In this study, I address two research questions: (1) What is the association between family policies and family life course complexity? and (2) Do these associations vary by the life course stage at which individuals experience family policies? Retrospective data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe are used to construct the family life courses of individuals from the age of 15 to 50, born between 1924 and 1956, from 15 European countries. I use metrics developed in sequence analysis that incorporate life course transitions and unpredictability to measure the complexity of family formation. Annual policy information from 1924 to 2008 for each country are combined to generate cohort indices for three policy dimensions: familization, individualization and liberalization. These cohort metrics express the policy experiences of individuals over the course of their lives, rather than at a specific historical time point. I find that while familization is associated with less complex life courses, individualization is related to higher levels of complexity. Furthermore, my results indicate that the levels individualization experienced early and later in the life course are linked most strongly with complexity. I conclude that family policy reforms may partially account for increasing life course instability and unpredictability across Europe.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Australia – Social policy – 20th century"

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Visessuvanapoom, Vinit. "State and economy in Thailand: the possibility of establishing a developmental state." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28173.

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This dissertation addresses the question of whether the Thai state is already a developmental state or could readily become one early in the 21St century. To begin with it identifies the two principal conditions that have to be satisfied, namely commitment to develop and state capacity to influence development. The latter of ‘which in turn depends on the state’s general authority (legitimacy) and its general regulatory capacity. The focus of the dissertation is on the particular capacities that can be said to characterise a developmental state in the present era. These particular capacities are, first, the particular capacities providing the basis of industry policy as identified in the analyses of the earlier formation of developmental states by Chalmers Johnson and his successors and, second, certain complementary capacities which are required to meet the challenges of the twenty—first century. The body of the dissertation is an examination of whether, and to what extent, the particular capacities exist within Thailand or could readily be brought into existence. The dissertation further examines the commitment to development in Thailand through an examination of contemporary Thai polity and specifically the state’s ability, under a Thaksin administration in particular, to govern conflicts within the Thai polity in a manner consistent with broad development. It is recognised that insofar as the state’s capacity to influence development also depends on its general authority (the legitimacy of the state), that authority also is sensitive to its ability to govern conflict resolution. The dissertation ends by speculating about how different the commitment to development might be under another Democrat-led administration. The overall conclusion of the dissertation is that, while the Thai state does indeed possess critical capacities for the pursuit of industry policy, other essential capacities - fundamental and complementary — as well as legitimacy and commitment to development are weak and not obviously being strengthened. That being the case, it would only be wishful thinking to say that Thailand is already a developmental state.
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Brankovich, Jasmina. "Burning down the house? : feminism, politics and women's policy in Western Australia, 1972-1998." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0122.

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This thesis examines the constraints and options inherent in placing feminist demands on the state, the limits of such interventions, and the subjective, intimate understandings of feminism among agents who have aimed to change the state from within. First, I describe the central element of a
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Biehl, Lundberg Andrés. "Social policy and income inequality in the Southern Cone during the 20th century : a comparative perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ce998341-6b28-41a7-9453-94a22174e47a.

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This dissertation compares the effects of progressive social reform on income inequality in the Southern Cone of South America, Scandinavia, and Australasia. These regions faced comparable economic challenges at the start of the 20th century, but experienced different trends of income inequality after they introduced progressive policies in this period. Australasia and Scandinavia converged on a downward trend while the Southern Cone remained comparatively more unequal. The dissertation concentrates on three areas that significantly predict inequality in contemporary research: labour markets, education, and taxation and spending policies. Existing explanations usually focus on supply-side aspects of policy reform: wage regulation, and increased taxation and spending on education and social insurance, are thought to bring inequality down in the long-run. These reforms are seen as the outcome of the relative power of working class groups over elites. Despite institutional variation, the three regions enacted progressive policies to address distributional conflict and protect their economies from global risks. I study the demand-side of policy reform; policies faced considerable collective action problems to promote compliance and cooperation in order to work in the long-time and include populations at large. The fact that most people were motivated to comply meant that labour markets generated formality and standard wages, education increased human capital, and spending became stable as the tax base increased in Scandinavia and the Antipodes. The opposite happened in the Southern Cone as social actors tried to link selectively with the state while state officials neglected the material constraints that limited access to welfare and education. Each chapter spells out the conditions through which policy addressed collective action problems to motivate cooperation with wage agreements, sending children to school, and compliance with taxation and spending policies. Behind comparable aggregate numbers in these areas, the underlying social processes differed as Australasians and Scandinavians fostered cooperation between state and social actors, while the Southern Cone did not.
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Lemar, Susan. "Control, compulsion and controversy: venereal diseases in Adelaide and Edinburgh 1910-1947." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl548.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 280-305). Argues that despite the liberal use of social control theory in the literature on the social history of venereal diseases, rationale discourses do not necessarily lead to government intervention. Comparative analysis reveals that culturally similar locations can experience similar impulses and constraints to the development of social policy under differing constitutional arrangements.
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Gleeson, Damian John School of History UNSW. "The professionalisation of Australian catholic social welfare, 1920-1985." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26952.

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This thesis explores the neglected history of Australian Catholic social welfare, focusing on the period, 1920-85. Central to this study is a comparative analysis of diocesan welfare bureaux (Centacare), especially the Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide agencies. Starting with the origins of professional welfare at local levels, this thesis shows the growth in Catholic welfare services across Australia. The significant transition from voluntary to professional Catholic welfare in Australia is a key theme. Lay trained women inspired the transformation in the church???s welfare services. Prepared predominantly by their American training, these women devoted their lives to fostering social work in the Church and within the broader community. The women demonstrated vision and tenacity in introducing new policies and practices across the disparate and unco-ordinated Australian Catholic welfare sector. Their determination challenged the status quo, especially the church???s preference for institutionalisation of children, though they packaged their reforms with compassion and pragmatism. Trained social workers offered specialised guidance though such efforts were often not appreciated before the 1960s. New approaches to welfare and the co-ordination of services attracted varying degrees of resistance and opposition from traditional Catholic charity providers: religious orders and the voluntary-based St Vincent de Paul Society (SVdP). For much of the period under review diocesan bureaux experienced close scrutiny from their ordinaries (bishops), regular financial difficulties, and competition from other church-based charities for status and funding. Following the lead of lay women, clerics such as Bishop Algy Thomas, Monsignor Frank McCosker and Fr Peter Phibbs (Sydney); Bishop Eric Perkins (Melbourne), Frs Terry Holland and Luke Roberts (Adelaide), consolidated Catholic social welfare. For four decades an unprecedented Sydney-Melbourne partnership between McCosker and Perkins had a major impact on Catholic social policy, through peak bodies such as the National Catholic Welfare Committee and its successor the Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission. The intersection between church and state is examined in terms of welfare policies and state aid for service delivery. Peak bodies secured state aid for the church???s welfare agencies, which, given insufficient church funding proved crucial by the mid 1980s.
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Totaro, Genevois Mariella. "Foreign policies for the diffusion of language and culture : the Italian experience in Australia." Monash University, Centre for European Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8828.

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Muller, Elizabeth M. "Absorption and Assimilation: Australia's Aboriginal Policies in the 19th and 20th Centuries." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1959.

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Thesis advisor: Hiroshi Nakazato
Since initial contact between white settlers and Australian Aborigines began in the late 18th century the Aboriginal population has been exploited, abused, and controlled by governmental authorities. The two policies which dominated government approach to the Aboriginal population in the past were biological absorption and cultural assimilation. Through examining what caused such a massive shift in Aboriginal policy it is clear that events and their outcomes affect the ideas, beliefs, and worldviews of policymakers, activists, and the public
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: International Studies
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Terracini, Paul (Paul Wilson). "John Stoward Moyes and the social gospel : a study in Christian social engagement." Phd thesis, Department of Studies in Religion, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8976.

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Greene, Charlotte Jordon. "Fantastic dreams : William Liu and the origins and influence of protest against the White Australia Policy in the 20th century." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4028.

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The structure of this study of William Liu will closely reflect his ideas and the major historical influences in his life, and will span the period from 1893 through ninety years spent mainly in Sydney, ending in 1983, the year before the beginning of the attack on multiculturalism launched by the historian Geoffrey Blainey. The memorialisation of Liu in the post-Blainey “immigration debate” period will then be considered. The study will also reflect the changes in protest against racially discriminatory immigration policies in Australia, as Liu moved from a period in which his was an almost isolated critique to one in which he was able to embrace the ever-widening group of people opposed to the ‘White Australia Policy’. This process has not been fully examined, perhaps due to the fact that the protest often appeared to have little impact upon policy. But the way in which Liu and other protestors expressed their view of what Australia should be and how the ‘White Australia Policy’ affected this vision sheds a great deal of light on these periods in Australian history. The structure of this thesis around Liu’s life, beginning with a period in which the ‘White Australia Policy’ was widely accepted, and ending in a period in which multiculturalism was entrenched as official policy, emphasises the cultural shift which was brought about by decades of protest against the Anglo-conformist model of Australian identity
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Greene, Charlotte Jordon. ""Fantastic dreams" William Liu and the origins and influence of protest against the White Australia Policy in the 20th century /." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4028.

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Doctor of Philosophy
The structure of this study of William Liu will closely reflect his ideas and the major historical influences in his life, and will span the period from 1893 through ninety years spent mainly in Sydney, ending in 1983, the year before the beginning of the attack on multiculturalism launched by the historian Geoffrey Blainey. The memorialisation of Liu in the post-Blainey “immigration debate” period will then be considered. The study will also reflect the changes in protest against racially discriminatory immigration policies in Australia, as Liu moved from a period in which his was an almost isolated critique to one in which he was able to embrace the ever-widening group of people opposed to the ‘White Australia Policy’. This process has not been fully examined, perhaps due to the fact that the protest often appeared to have little impact upon policy. But the way in which Liu and other protestors expressed their view of what Australia should be and how the ‘White Australia Policy’ affected this vision sheds a great deal of light on these periods in Australian history. The structure of this thesis around Liu’s life, beginning with a period in which the ‘White Australia Policy’ was widely accepted, and ending in a period in which multiculturalism was entrenched as official policy, emphasises the cultural shift which was brought about by decades of protest against the Anglo-conformist model of Australian identity
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Books on the topic "Australia – Social policy – 20th century"

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Philanthropy and settler colonialism. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

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Osborne, G. Communication traditions in 20th-century Australia. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Cornish, Patrick. Western Australia in the 20th century. Fremantle, W.A: Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 1999.

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Jamrozik, Adam. Social policy in the post-welfare state: Australian society in the 21st century. 2nd ed. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education, 2005.

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Fujita, Sei. The Soviet economy as a social experiment: Lessons from the 20th century. Osaka: Osaka University of Economics and Law Press, 1999.

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Sei, Fujita. The Soviet economy as a social experiment: Lessons from the 20th Century. Osaka: Osaka Univeristy of Economics and Law Press, 1999.

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Kammen, Michael G. American culture, American tastes: Social change and the 20th century. New York: Basic Books, 1999.

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Seize the future: How Australia can prosper in the new century. St. Leonards, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2000.

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Aboriginal Australians: Black responses to white dominance, 1788-1994. 2nd ed. St Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1994.

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Aboriginal Australians: Black responses to white dominance, 1788-2001. 3rd ed. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Australia – Social policy – 20th century"

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Gerards Iglesias, Simon. "Social Reforms and the Fear of Economic Backlash: Political Debates on Social Policy and Transnational Influences in Argentina in the 1930s." In International Impacts on Social Policy, 345–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_27.

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AbstractSince the beginning of modern social policy in Argentina in the early 20th century, concerns about the loss of economic competitiveness of domestic industries had been an important argument against the introduction of labour policies. In the 1930s, however, the Argentinean government acceded to some important international labour conventions while business leaders promoted their own projects to improve labour safety and better working conditions at their facilities. This turnaround by the ruling conservative political elites and economic liberals can only be understood by considering transnational influences, particularly the triangular relationship between Argentina, the US, and the International Labour Organisation. Using the example of occupational accident legislation, this chapter shows how a social policy flagship was used as a tool to project the image of a modern, progressive nation that complied with international labour standards.
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Saunders, Peter. "The development, value and application of budget standards: reflecting on the Australian experience." In Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets, 139–54. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352952.003.0010.

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This chapter draws attention to Australia's very rich tradition of family budget research, which was associated with the Social Policy Research Centre. It explains that the idea of a basic living standard enshrined in wage laws became a reality in Australia at the start of the 20th century. It also charts the history of budget standards research in Australia, focusing on the four major studies that were coordinated during the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. The chapter looks at the latest work that relates to the budget for healthy living and combines public health knowledge and focus group deliberations. It concludes that budget standards only provide a rough-and-ready adequacy benchmark, which should be used with care and in conjunction with other measurement approaches to living standards whenever possible.
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Tsakloglou, Panos, and Theodoros Mitrakos. "Inequality and Poverty in the Last Quarter of the 20th Century." In Social Policy Developments in Greece, 126–43. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315242873-6.

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Wilson, Shaun, Gabrielle Meagher, and Kerstin Hermes. "A New Role for Government? Trends in social policy preferences since the mid-1980s." In Australia: Identity, Fear and Governance in the 21st Century. ANU Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/aifg.11.2012.08.

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Block, Corrie Jonn. "The Corporate Social Responsibility Meme as a Business Foundation for Economic Peacemaking." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 440–61. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3001-5.ch022.

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This chapter presents economic peacemaking in historical business terms through an exploration of the meaning of competition in the 20th century. The 19th century meme, “survival of the fittest,” may be considered a quality of natural law that has been used to defend laissez faire capitalism, which has at times produced economic outcomes that are good for a select few at the expense of humanity at large. The counter-concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which was developed in the mid-20th century, presented an alternative view of the corporation as citizen, and called for the compromise of profits for the sake of the betterment of the community in which the business existed. This chapter explores the historical development of these concepts in the social science context of social Darwinism vs. neo-Darwinism, concluding that economic peacemaking through stakeholder management and CSR implementation is an inherently natural concept and preferable for humanity to unregulated competition.
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Harriss, Kaveri, and Alison Shaw. "Migration, Family and British Social Policy in the Late 20th Century: British Pakistani Perspectives." In Changing Relations of Welfare, 111–31. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315571270-6.

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Marston, Greg, Louise Humpage, Michelle Peterie, Philip Mendes, Shelley Bielefeld, and Zoe Staines. "Recalibrating Social Security And Reimagining Work." In Compulsory Income Management in Australia and New Zealand, 168–84. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447361497.003.0008.

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The final chapter takes a global perspective on economic and social security and considers new and emerging risks that income support systems must respond to in the twenty-first century, which include shifting demographics in terms of age and household formation, increased geographical mobility, new forms of precarious labour associated with changes in technology and environmental risks resulting from climate change. There is a need to revisit first principles when determining the primary policy goals of a social security system. Addressing the inadequacy of income support payments, ensuring decent employment and training opportunities, and providing accessible social services is a better starting point for creating healthy, economically secure and socially inclusive communities, compared with blunt and punitive policies that are pushing ordinary citizens further towards the margins of their communities.
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Smirnova, Anastasija. "Spread of Information About Urban Elberfeld Social Care System in Riga (Late 19th – Early 20th Century)." In Jauno vēsturnieku zinātniskie lasījumi VI, 122–36. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/jvzl.06.08.

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Paper analyses the principles of poor relief of Elberfeld social care system that spread outside the Prussian Empire and Baltic provinces were among of the first territories of Russian Empire, where those ideas emerged. Urbanised and industrialised Riga was one of the empire’s cities where the system was incorporated. It was the first level of developing a future national social care policy in Latvia after 1918. The paper aims to restore the term and achievements of the Elberfeld system known to the social elite before the Soviet occupation when this term disappeared from academic research.
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Shah, Erum, Sultan Ali, and Naveeda Katper. "An Overview of Women Empowerment Policy With a Social Justice Lens and Frugal Innovation." In Frugal Innovation and Social Transitions in the Digital Era, 123–32. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5417-6.ch012.

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Women's empowerment has remained a key concern for the development of society. The information in the current study has been extracted from the doctoral thesis of the corresponding researcher. The study argues that in the 20th century, developing countries were observed to bring various policies and programs to empower women. However, in this study, the researcher has tried to capture a few of the prominent policies and programs brought in Pakistan to empower women since its independence. Concurrently, this study aims to evaluate those policies and programs in the key domains of women's empowerment with the lens of social justice. It is mainly done with a desk review of various published resources and the support of key informant interviews with politicians, human rights activists, and bureaucrats. Findings of the study suggest, having various policies and programs for women empowerment, the situation of women is not improved in Pakistan, and there are significant rifts in policy implementation that need proper consideration to meet the requirements of social justice.
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Callard, Cynthia. "Canada’s Long March against Tobacco." In Policy Success in Canada, 36–55. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897046.003.0003.

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Abstract After toying with the idea of restrictions in the early 20th century, Canadian governments only began developing policies to reduce smoking in the 1960s after the link between smoking and cancer was firmly established. Half a century later, they are still at it. The comprehensive set of tobacco control policies implemented in Canada, and now embraced by a global tobacco treaty, has focused on reducing the demand for tobacco products. Early approaches in the 1960s and 1970s relied on public education about the health risks and encouraging smokers to quit. By the mid 1980s, the insufficiency of this programmatic approach was recognized, and governments moved to impose and progressively tighten regulatory controls on marketing. Once ubiquitous promotions, like billboards, retail displays, sponsored events, and colourful packages were removed from the Canadian social environment. Measures to protect citizens from the harms of second-hand smoke began in the mid 1970s and, by 2010, to clean the air of workplaces and public venues, decreasing the social acceptability of smoking. Tobacco taxes, once used purely to generate revenues for the government, became recognized as a powerful public health tool to deter use with higher prices. The success of this set of demand-reduction policies can be measured in the reduction in the percentage of Canadians who smoke—from one-half of adults in the mid-1960s to about one-sixth today. The limits are seen in the industry’s continued ability to recruit new smokers to replace those who quit and die.
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Conference papers on the topic "Australia – Social policy – 20th century"

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Dorodonova, Natalia V. "Catholic Church Participation In European Social Policy In The 20Th Century." In International Scientific and Practical Conference «State and Law in the Context of Modern Challenges. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.01.28.

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Golovkin, R. "ORGANIZAION AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN THE OGPU-NKVD OF THE USSR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF THE SOVIET STATE IN THE PERIOD OF THE 30S OF THE 20TH CENTURY." In 6th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2019v/1.1/s02.021.

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Borbor, J. D., Katinka C. Van Cranenburgh, and Christiaan W. F. Luca. "Social Risk Management as a Response to Increasing International Pressure for Social Performance." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206240-ms.

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Abstract In the past decades, financial institutions have led the way for companies to adhere to international standards for social performance. The journey began in the Industrial Revolution, when negative societal business impacts rapidly escalated, which led people to demand for their management. Initially focused on working conditions, impacts on the environment soon started to gain notice. Halfway through the 20th century, a combination of oil spills and mass media attention generated enough public pressure for the United States to sign the first piece of legislation requiring the environmental impact assessment. With this law and its replication abroad, however, came the concern with social impacts as well. Both environmental and social performance expectations soon spread internationally and, by the 1980s, multilateral financial institutions, most prominently the World Bank, incorporated such considerations into their investment and lending practices, which is the source of all such international standards today. These standards require the establishment of a social management system to integrate risk and impact management processes and stakeholder engagement activities. Given the challenge of implementing these requirements, a social risk management development framework is proposed to bring together the extensive and multidisciplinary demands of effective social performance. Five development areas are proposed: governance, social policy, tools, resourcing and capacity, and knowledge sharing. This is an important step to take today as it is expected that the next decades will see these international demands increase, possibly by ever increasing governmental regulation.
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Mazzola, Ettore Maria. "Implementing the lesson of early 20th century traditional buildings for a real sustainability. The examples of Corviale (Rome) and ZEN (Palermo) districts." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15633.

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The lesson of the early Italian 20th Century vernacular/traditional buildings and districts by ICP (Social Housing Institute), which were quickly and inexpensively built, suggests the right way to improve our cities while respecting the environment. Moreover, the socio-economic strategy of those days shows what we can do to re-train artisans and generate a vast artisanship, which could reduce the restoration costs of our heritage. As matter of fact that wise way of building aimed not only at providing new decorous houses, but also at generating labor and reducing the future maintenance costs. The success and durability of the buildings of those districts were not accidental: their authors’ assessments, as well as the urban rules conceived on those days, show that everything was carefully planned of a great thanks to an interdisciplinary approach. The use of traditional masonry, that does not need to wait for the hardening times of concrete to be loaded, allowed the quick constructions of those buildings: for instance 6 months for 44 houses of the district San Saba and only 4 for the entire Lot 24 of the Garbatella. These traditional masonry houses, whose revalued building costs were roughly 50% less than current ones, have not needed to be restored for over 100 years and are among the most sought after houses in real estate, (€/sqm 11,000, like in the historical center). Furthermore, the wise construction policy of those days shows us how we can solve the problem of housing, earning public profits from it rather than increasing public debt. The cases studied in this paper regard the projects for the urban regeneration of two wretched suburbs, in Rome and Palermo. They both show how, thanks to the simple reuse of the pre-Fascist laws and tools, as well as of traditional masonry, we can achieve the above-mentioned program
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Fernández García, Noelia. "Learning from the past. The loss of vernacular heritage in the interest of hydropower development in Spain." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14284.

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The fact that water stored in reservoirs may be used for diverse purposes - hydroelectricity, irrigation or industrial use, human consumption, recreation, etc. - explains the widely spread policy of building these structures all over the world during the 20th century. However, dams and reservoirs building policies at those times in Spain led to the disappearance of many villages in rural regions due to the flooding of large areas and, as a result, the loss of vernacular architecture and local traditions was unavoidable.In this research, it is aimed to analyse the building of Ricobayo reservoir by the company Saltos del Duero together with its consequences for the affected communities and their heritage through the case of a particular village: La Pueblica, located in the province of Zamora in Castile and León, Spain. Disregarding the relevance of vernacular architecture, the devastation of La Pueblica, which allegedly existed ‘unaffected over time’, isolated from modern times and whose homes were ‘unhygienic and meagre’, was registered in the documentary called Por Tierras de España (1933) carried out by Fernando López Heptener, who worked for the company and oversaw expropriations of lands and housing in areas to be flooded. Due to the subsequent interest in spreading the film, it is possible for us to recover nowadays the lost image of La Pueblica, the vernacular architecture within as well as the traditions which were carried out in those spaces.If the future of dams is linked to sustainable energy resources and developing countries as thought nowadays, previous positive – but also negative – experiences must be considered, since, despite all the prior benefits linked to water utilisation, building these engineering structures undoubtedly implies a direct social effect on the communities and heritage elements connected to them, which could be decisive to manage our cultural heritage nowadays.
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Tannous, Heba T., Mark David Major, and Raffaello Furlan. "Accessibilty of public urban green spaces within the spatial metropolitan network of Doha, Qatar." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/kuxq1422.

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Most people regard green spaces as a necessity to enhance the physical health and psychological well-being of residents in promoting the general health and welfare of citizens and the environment (Röbbel, 2016). In the Modern Era, the availability of green spaces has become an integral component of urban planning for sustaining the quality of life in city environments, especially since the dawn of the 20th century. Due to globalization in rapidly-developing cities around the world, studies about green spaces are becoming an increasingly important part of the urban planning process (Mitchell and Popham, 2007). Accessibility can play an essential role in determining the location of green public facilities to maximize their usability for large populations, or otherwise limit use to a smaller community (Ottensmann and Greg, 2008). However, some public green spaces are inefficiently located or distributed in urban environments (Beatley, 2000, Gehl, 2010, Gehl and Svarre, 2013). In this paper, the accessibility of urban green spaces means the ease of reaching such locations from many origins within the urban spatial network from the macro- to the micro-scale. The inaccessibility or absence of green spaces in some urban areas is a notable consequence of rapid urbanization in many cities around the world. It is especially noticeable in the capital city of Doha in the State of Qatar, where rapid urban expansion and globalization has had a significant impact on the quality and quantity of green spaces available (Salama and Wiedmann, 2013a). The paper utilizes the network analysis techniques of space syntax to objectively investigate the accessibility of urban green parks and promenades in the metropolitan region of Doha (Penn et al., 1998, Hillier et al., 1993, Hillier and Hanson, 1984). At the heart of the paper is the question, does the size and location of urban green spaces follow a discernible spatial logic in terms of accessibility, linked to the design intent of public planning policies? Some findings in the paper indicate there is distinctive spatial and social logic to the physical and spatial characteristics of urban green spaces above a certain size in terms of metric area. In contrast, these characteristics in smaller urban green spaces tend to be more random, primarily due to issues of land availability and amenity provision in private developments. We conclude by discussing the potential implications of the study for public planning policy about green urbanism in the State of Qatar and other rapidly urbanizing cities around the world
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