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Rowe, David, Greg Noble, Tony Bennett, and Michelle Kelly. "Transforming cultures? From Creative Nation to Creative Australia." Media International Australia 158, no. 1 (February 2016): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16629544.
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This article introduces the Special Issue, ‘Transforming Cultures? From Creative Nation to Creative Australia’. Taking its historical reference point from the 1994 national cultural policy Creative Nation, it outlines the issue’s theoretical foundation in the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu, while also signalling field theory’s limitations in relation to transnationalism, ethnic heterogeneity and Indigeneity. This introduction addresses the specific conditions that require an approach that takes full account of the endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the constitution of culture in Australia from Creative Nation to its 2013 successor national cultural policy, Creative Australia, to the present day and beyond. Finally, the issue’s articles, which cover the broadcast media, sport, music, literature, heritage, and Indigenous art fields, are outlined, as are their contributions to advancing understanding of the key social and policy issues shaping the present conditions and future possibilities of Australian cultural fields in the process of transformation.
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Busbridge, Rachel. "A multicultural success story? Australian integration in comparative focus." Journal of Sociology 56, no. 2 (August 15, 2019): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783319869525.
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Australia is often held up as an exemplary multicultural society in cross-national comparisons, particularly in relation to the integration of immigrants. Yet, this ‘grand narrative’ of Australia’s multicultural success risks an over-simplified picture of the dynamics of integration in Australia, obscuring dimensions on which Australia’s performance is comparatively poor. Juliet Pietsch’s Race, Ethnicity and the Participation Gap makes a valuable contribution to a more nuanced discussion, asking why the political participation of non-European ethnic and immigrant minorities in Australia is so low compared to Canada and the United States. This review article brings Pietsch into critical conversation with two recent books on comparative integration in North America and Western Europe: Richard Alba and Nancy Foner’s S trangers No More and Gulay Ugur Goksel’s Integration of Immigrants and the Theory of Recognition. Read alongside each other, these texts encourage deeper reflection on where Australia sits on a variety of indicators of immigrant integration as well as how integration is conceptualised in Australia. This article thus contributes to existing literature on the contemporary state of Australian multiculturalism, while also pointing towards directions for future research.
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Budarick, John. "Ethnic minority media and the public sphere: The case of African-Australian media producers." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 2 (September 5, 2016): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783316657430.
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This article analyses the work of ethnic minority media producers through a series of 13 in-depth interviews with African-Australian broadcasters, writers and producers. Focusing on the aims and motivations of participants, the article demonstrates a more expansive role for African-Australian media, one that brings niche media products into dialogue with mainstream Australian public life and challenges common understandings of ethnic media as appealing to a small, linguistically and culturally defined audience. Such a role also raises questions around wider conceptual understandings of the public sphere, particularly as it is employed to interrogate minority–majority relations. The article concludes by engaging with previous literature focused on the changing contours of the public sphere ideal in multi-ethnic and multicultural societies.
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Nguy, Linda, and Caroline J. Hunt. "Ethnicity and bullying: A study of Australian high-school students." Educational and Child Psychology 21, no. 4 (2004): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2004.21.4.78.
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Bullying is a widespread problem of concern to many educators and psychologists. Globally however, there is a paucity of literature examining ethnic variables in the context of bullying. This is an important area of study, particularly for those responsible for implementing bullying interventions, with societies becoming increasingly diverse in their ethnic composition. To explore the effects of ethnic variables in bullying, this study focuses on the relationship of ethnicity and ethnic identification with bullying behaviour and bullying attitudes. Australian high-school students (N= 478) from different ethnic backgrounds were surveyed using the Attitude to Victim Scale, Attitude to Bullying Scale, Peer Relations Questionnaire and the Multi-group Ethnic Identity Measure-Affirmation/Belonging Subscale. Results indicate that ethnic factors influence some bullying behaviours and attitudes to a small but significant extent. No ethnic differences were observed for incidence of bullying involvement or victimisation, although frequency of group bullying involvement was influenced by strength of ethnic identification as a function of sex. Ethnicity and sex differentiated students’ attitudes toward bullying, with more pronounced sex differences among ethnic majority students. Ethnic minority students placed greater importance on attributes proposed as consequences of bullying, compared with ethnic majority students. Irrespective of ethnicity, students felt that their school was concerned about addressing the problem of bullying and no ethnic differences were identified for attitudes toward bullying interventions. This study demonstrates the complex relationship between ethnic variables and bullying and discusses the need, in future, for a more sophisticated exploration of ethnic variables in the context of bullying.
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Jayaraman, Raja. "Inclusion and Exclusion: An Analysis of the Australian Immigration History and Ethnic Relations." Journal of Popular Culture 34, no. 1 (June 2000): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.2000.3401_135.x.
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Evans, Raymond. "On the Utmost Verge: Race and Ethnic Relations at Moreton Bay, 1799–1842." Queensland Review 15, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600004542.
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The native races know us chiefly by our crimes.— Karl Marx‘Moreton Bay’ was certainly a name to be conjured with among the early Australian penal stations. As well as being a forbidding secondary detention centre, it represented — both within and around itself — a microcosmic world of early colonial race and ethnic relations. For this custodial system was rudely imposed upon pre-existing and long-enduring social orders of a dramatically dissimilar kind. It intruded into human populations that greatly outnumbered its own, implanted itself and militarily usurped portions of territory in a variety of locations, occupied by and spiritually amalgamated with a substantial body of Aboriginal communities. To these people, for whom life was ‘a billowing of the consciousness of country’, it was a visitation utterly without precedent. The repercussions of its ongoing presence were largely uninvited and unrehearsed. The station's existence was at first a wonder and a puzzle, then an impediment and a curse. It greatly transformed immutable lifeways, invariably impoverishing them; it reduced social options rather than expanding them; it denuded the host culture of its efficacy; and it assailed the people's health and decimated their numbers. The familiar environment was reconstructed and the old place-names largely obliterated and changed. For the incomer, to name was to own. The many visible signs of Aboriginal material occupancy were ignored as palpable evidence of legal possession and, eventually, erased. Erased too was much of the evidence of these very acts of erasure, whether material, cultural or human. Detailed evidence of what happened — or was perceived to have happened — in the myriad interactions between Aborigines and non-Aborigines of the convict settlement between 1824 and 1842 is scanty and fragmented: staccato bursts of often-tantalising information against an otherwise frustrating backdrop of silence. Distance from Sydney as well as London was the essential buffer that nurtured this atmosphere of secrecy, feeding its potency and allowing the Moreton Bay regime to proceed virtually as a law unto itself insofar as northern frontier relations were concerned.
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Peck, J. A. "‘Invisible Threads’: Homeworking, Labour-Market Relations, and Industrial Restructuring in the Australian Clothing Trade." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 10, no. 6 (December 1992): 671–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d100671.
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By way of an examination of the contemporary reemergence of homeworking in the Australian clothing industry, some of the links between industrial and labour-market restructuring are explored. The growth of homeworking reflects not only the pressures placed on clothing firms to reduce costs and enhance production flexibility (increasingly, the ‘conventional wisdom’ explanations), but also represents an attempt on the part of these firms to reconstruct their urban labour-market relations. It is argued that labour-market considerations warrant attention alongside those considerations pertaining to the labour process which are usually prioritised in the literature on industrial restructuring. The case of homeworking reveals some of the ways in which labour-market processes (such as the gendered nature of labour supplies, the ethnic segmentation of the labour force, and the contours of interindustry competition for labour) exert a powerful influence upon the nature of industrial change. Moreover, questions about the development, by firms and by industries, of characteristic urban labour-market relations are also raised.
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Mayes, Robyn. "‘We’re Sending you Back’: Temporary Skilled Labour Migration, Social Networks and Local Community." Migration, Mobility, & Displacement 3, no. 1 (August 24, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/mmd31201717074.
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This paper contributes to the emergent literature on the temporal and dynamic constitution of temporary skilled migrant networks, foregrounding under-researched interrelations between migrant and non-migrant networks. It does so through examination of the lived experience of transnational, temporary skilled labour migrants resident in Ravensthorpe in rural Western Australia (WA) who were confronted with the sudden closure of the mining operation where they were employed. As a result they faced imminent forced departure from Australia. Drawing on qualitative data collected in Ravensthorpe three weeks after the closure, this paper foregrounds the role of this shared, profoundly socially-disruptive event in the formation of a temporary, multi-ethnic migrant network and related interactions with a local network. Analysis of these social relations foregrounds the role of catalysing events and external prompts (beyond ethnicity and the migration act) in the formation of temporary migrant networks, along with the importance of local contexts, policy conditions and employer action. The social networks formed in Hopetoun, and associated mobilisation of social capital, confirm the potential and richness of non-migrant networks for shaping the migrant experience, and foreground the ways in which these interrelations in turn can shape the local experience of migration, just as it highlights the capacity of community groups to act as social and political allies for temporary migrants.that would require migrants to depart after a set number of years and instead recommend a pathway to permanent residence based on duration of stay.
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Rai, Sumeet, Rhonda Brown, Frank van Haren, Teresa Neeman, Arvind Rajamani, Krishnaswamy Sundararajan, and Imogen Mitchell. "Long-term follow-up for Psychological stRess in Intensive CarE (PRICE) survivors: study protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study in Australian intensive care units." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023310.
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IntroductionThere are little published data on the long-term psychological outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and their family members in Australian ICUs. In addition, there is scant literature evaluating the effects of psychological morbidity in intensive care survivors on their family members. The aims of this study are to describe and compare the long-term psychological outcomes of intubated and non-intubated ICU survivors and their family members in an Australian ICU setting.Methods and analysisThis will be a prospective observational cohort study across four ICUs in Australia. The study aims to recruit 150 (75 intubated and 75 non-intubated) adult ICU survivors and 150 family members of the survivors from 2015 to 2018. Long-term psychological outcomes and effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) will be evaluated at 3 and 12 months follow-up using validated and published screening tools. The primary objective is to compare the prevalence of affective symptoms in intubated and non-intubated survivors of intensive care and their families and its effects on HRQoL. The secondary objective is to explore dyadic relations of psychological outcomes in patients and their family members.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the relevant human research ethics committees (HREC) of Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Health (ETH.11.14.315), New South Wales (HREC/16/HNE/64), South Australia (HREC/15/RAH/346). The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal and presented to the local intensive care community and other stakeholders.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000880549; Pre-results.
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BURKE, PETER. "Introduction." European Review 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2006): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798706000081.
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A preoccupation with hybridity is natural in a period like ours marked by increasingly frequent and intense cultural encounters. Globalization encourages hybridization. However we react to it, the globalizing trend is impossible to miss, from curry and chips – recently voted the favourite dish in Britain – to Thai saunas, Zen Judaism, Nigerian Kung Fu or ‘Bollywood’ films. The process is particularly obvious in the domain of music, in the case of such hybrid forms and genres as jazz, reggae, salsa or, more recently, Afro-Celtic rock. New technology (including, appropriately enough, the ‘mixer’), has obviously facilitated this kind of hybridization.It is no wonder then that a group of theorists of hybridity have made their appearance, themselves often of double or mixed cultural identity. Homi Bhabha for instance, is an Indian who has taught in England and is now in the USA. Stuart Hall, who was born in Jamaica of mixed parentage, has lived most of his life in England and describes himself as ‘a mongrel culturally, the absolute cultural hybrid’. Ien Ang describes herself as ‘an ethnic Chinese, Indonesian-born and European-educated academic who now lives and works in Australia’. The late Edward Said was a Palestinian who grew up in Egypt, taught in the USA and described himself as ‘out of place’ wherever he was located.The work of these and other theorists has attracted growing interest in a number of disciplines, from anthropology to literature, from geography to art history, and from musicology to religious studies. In this issue, the contributions discuss Africa, Japan and the Americas as well as Europe and range from the 16th century to the 21st, from religion to architecture and from clothing to the cinema.
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Singh, Priti. "Global configurations of indigenous identities, movements and pathways." Thesis Eleven 145, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618763837.
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The social science literature on identity politics around questions of race and ethnicity is profuse, prolix and contentious. Indigenous identity politics have seen a parallel growth and are equally complex. While there are analogies and overlaps, indigenous identities and social movements are neither conceptually nor empirically a sub-set of ethnic identities. The central issue of indigenous groups is the place of first peoples in relation to the nation-state system. This takes different forms in old world states of Asia and Africa to those of new world settler (ex-colonial) states of the Americas and Australasia. While the major issues of the indigenous peoples have expanded beyond their national boundaries, their modes of participation in the national political arenas vary. They share a gradual nationalization of indigenous movements, including stronger links with socio-political forces of the respective countries in the region, a heightened consciousness of global processes and the broadening and enrichment of their socio-cultural and economic objectives. This paper looks at trans-national dimensions of indigenous social movements and identity politics in relation to nation-state policy regimes and examines the varying routes taken by indigenous peoples to achieve their goals.
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Farooq, Saeed, Paul Kingston, and Jemma Regan. "Working through interpreters in old age psychiatry: a literature review." Mental Health Review Journal 20, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhrj-12-2013-0040.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to systematically appraise the effect of use of interpreters for mental health problems in old age. The primary objective of the review is to assess the impact of a language barrier for assessment and management in relation to mental health problems in the old age. The secondary objectives are to assess the effect of the use of interpreters on patient satisfaction and quality of care, identify good practice and make recommendations for research and practice in the old age mental health. Design/methodology/approach – The following data sources were searched for publications between 1966 and 2011: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. The authors found in previous reviews that a substantial number of papers from developing and non-English speaking countries are published in journals not indexed in mainstream databases, and devised a search strategy using Google which identified a number of papers, which could not be found when the search was limited to scientific data bases only (Farooq et al., 2009). The strategy was considered especially important for this review which focuses on communication across many different languages. Thus, the authors conducted a search of the World Wide Web using Google Scholar, employing the search term Medical Interpreters and Mental Health. The search included literature in all languages. The authors also searched the reference lists of included and excluded studies for additional relevant papers. Bibliographies of systematic review articles published in the last five years were also examined to identify pertinent studies. Findings – Only four publications related specifically to “old age” and 33 addressed “interpreting” and “psychiatry” generally. Four articles presented original research (Parnes and Westfall, 2003; Hasset and George, 2002; Sadavoy et al., 2004; Van de Mieroop et al., 2012). One article (Shah, 1997) reports an “anecdotal descriptive account” of interviewing elderly people from ethnic backgrounds in a psychogeriatric service in Melbourne and does not report any data. Therefore, only four papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and present original research in the field of “old age”, “psychiatry” and “interpreting”. None of these papers present UK-based research. One is a quantitative study from Australia (Hasset and George, 2002), the second is a qualitative study from Canada (Sadavoy et al., 2004), in the third paper Van de Mieroop et al. (2012) describe community interpreting in a Belgian old home and the final paper is an American case study (Parnes and Westfall, 2003). Practical implications – Interviewing older patients for constructs like cognitive function and decision-making capacity through interpreters can pose significant clinical and legal problems. There is urgent need for training mental health professionals for developing skills to overcome the language barrier and for interpreters to be trained for work in psychogeriatrics. Social implications – The literature on working through interpreters is limited to a few empirical studies. This has serious consequences for service users such as lack of trust in services, clinical errors and neglect of human rights. Further studies are needed to understand the extent of problem and how effective interpreting and translating services can be provided in the routine clinical practice. It is also essential to develop a standard of translation services in mental health that can be measured for their quality and also efficiency. At present such a quality standard is not available in the UK, unlike Sweden (see www.regeringen.se/sb/d/3288/a/19564). This omission is disturbing – especially when decisions on human rights are being considered as part of the Mental Health Act. Such a standard can best be achieved by collaboration between medical profession and linguists’ professional associations (Cambridge et al., 2012). Originality/value – Whilst translation/interpretation has been addressed more generally in mental health: specific considerations related to old age psychiatry are almost absent. This needs urgent rectification given that a large proportion of older people from BME communities will require translation and interpretation services.
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Goodwin, Ken. "Land, language and literature." English Today 3, no. 1 (January 1987): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400002716.
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Ninth in our series on the literatures of English around the world, this survey looks at the special historical, geographical and ethnic factors at work in the literature of Australia. It is taken from A History of Australian Literature (Macmillan UK, St Martins Press USA, 1986).
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_, _. "Ethnic Identity and Immigrant Organizations." Journal of Chinese Overseas 14, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 22–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341366.
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Abstract The identities of Chinese immigrants and their organizations are themes widely studied in existing literature but the link between them remains under-researched. This paper seeks to explore the role of Chinese ethnicity in Chinese immigrants’ self-organizing processes by empirically studying Chinese community organizations in South Australia. It finds that Chinese immigrants have deployed ethnic identities together with other social identities to call different organizations into being, which exerts an important influence on the emergence and performance of the five major types of Chinese community organizations active in South Australia. Moreover, the ways in which Chineseness is deployed have been heavily influenced by three factors within and beyond the community. These factors are the transformation of the local ethnic-Chinese community, changing socio-political contexts in Australia, and the rise of China. In short, the deployment of ethnic identities in Chinese immigrants’ organizing processes is instrumental, contextual, and strategic.
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Grimes, Seamus. "Residential Segregation in Australian Cities: A Literature Review." International Migration Review 27, no. 1 (March 1993): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700105.
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In this review of literature dealing with the postwar immigrant experience in urban Australia, some of the key interpretations of residential segregation are assessed. The article focuses on studies which have examined ethnic clusters formed by southern Europeans in Sydney and Melbourne and more recently by Indochinese refugees. Much of the analysis to date has been based on measuring static residential patterns rather than social interaction, and the need to question the significance of ethnic concentrations which sometimes characterize the early stages of immigrant adaptation is suggested.
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Martinovic, Borja, Jolanda Jetten, Anouk Smeekes, and Maykel Verkuyten. "Collective memory of a dissolved country: Group-based nostalgia and guilt assignment as predictors of interethnic relations between diaspora groups from former Yugoslavia." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 5, no. 2 (January 15, 2018): 588–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i2.733.
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In this study we examined intergroup relations between immigrants of different ethnic backgrounds (Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks) originating from the same conflict area (former Yugoslavia) and living in the same host country (Australia). For these (formerly) conflicted groups we investigated whether interethnic contacts depended on superordinate Yugoslavian and subgroup ethnic identifications as well as two emotionally laden representations of history: Yugonostalgia (longing for Yugoslavia from the past) and collective guilt assignment for the past wrongdoings. Using unique survey data collected among Croats, Serbs and Bosniaks in Australia (N = 87), we found that Yugoslavian identification was related to stronger feelings of Yugonostalgia, and via Yugonostalgia, to relatively more contact with other subgroups from former Yugoslavia. Ethnic identification, in contrast, was related to a stronger assignment of guilt to out-group relative to in-group, and therefore, to relatively less contact with other subgroups in Australia. We discuss implications of transferring group identities and collective memories into the diaspora.
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Samaratunge, Ramanie, Rowena Barrett, and Tissa Rajapakse. "Sri Lankan entrepreneurs in Australia: chance or choice?" Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 22, no. 4 (November 16, 2015): 782–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-09-2013-0127.
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Purpose – Ethnic entrepreneurship is, and always has been, a means of survival. However, there is limited literature on ethnic entrepreneurship in Australia and therefore, an understanding of ethnic entrepreneurs’ motivations to become self-employed. The purpose of this paper is to report the influential factors in the decision to engage in self-employment through case studies of members of Melbourne’s Sri Lankan community informed by the mixed embeddedness approach. Design/methodology/approach – The mixed embeddedness approach frames the study where the authors examine the motivations for business of five Sri Lankan entrepreneurs. Narratives are used to construct individual case studies, which are then analyzed in terms of the motivations for, resources used and challenges faced on the entrepreneurial journey. Findings – For these ethnic entrepreneurs, their entrepreneurial activity results from a dynamic match between local market opportunities and the specific ethnic resources available to them at the time of founding. The self-employment decision was not prompted by a lack of human capital but an inability to use that human capital in alternative means of employment at specific points in time. Moreover the authors highlight the importance of social and cultural capital as resources used to overcome challenges on the entrepreneurial journey. Originality/value – In this community, entrepreneurship was not a result of a lack of human capital but how it was utilized in combination with social and cultural capitals in the given opportunity structure. The mixed embeddedness approach enables the uncovering of how ethnic network ties were used in light of the opportunities available to build entrepreneurial activity.
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Benier, Kathryn, and Rebecca Wickes. "The effect of ethnic diversity on collective efficacy in Australia." Journal of Sociology 52, no. 4 (July 10, 2016): 856–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783315599595.
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Ethnic diversity is portrayed in the literature as a threat to a community’s ability to regulate the behaviour of its members. While there is no shortage of studies examining the effects of ethnic diversity on the social processes important for crime control, findings are inconclusive across national contexts. Further, definitional issues associated with ‘ethnicity’ make cross-cultural comparisons difficult. Using Australian Community Capacity Study survey data from 4091 respondents in 147 Brisbane suburbs, combined with census and police incident data, multivariate regression techniques are utilised to determine the extent to which ethnic diversity influences collective efficacy once we control for other known correlates; and which aspect of diversity ‘matters most’ to levels of collective efficacy. Specifically, we consider the relationship between the diversity or concentration of language, religion and country of birth and collective efficacy. Results indicate that the presence of language diversity and indigeneity in the community are most detrimental to collective efficacy.
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Neubauer, John. "The Fin de Siècles in literature." European Review 2, no. 3 (July 1994): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700001125.
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Jacques Derrida's remark, ‘What is proper to a culture is to not be identical to itself,’ serves as a point of departure for a discussion of artistic and ethnic identities in late-19th and late 20th century literatures. The first part of this paper studies the images of the European and the colonized ‘Other’ in Joseph Conrad's The Heart of Darkness and J. M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians. The second part examines notions of artistic and ethnic identity in the culture of fin de siècle Vienna. The ‘crisis of liberalism’, which plays a pivotal role in Carl Schorske's study of that culture, gains new and urgent meaning through the ethnic conflicts that arose in the wake of the dissolution of the Soviet empire. Studying artistic identity today, we must distinguish between notions of diffuse identity in post-modern culture and the ethnic identity that writers not infrequently assume in Middle-and Eastern Europe.
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van den Broek, Diane, and Dimitria Groutsis. "Global nursing and the lived experience of migration intermediaries." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016658437.
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Discussion of skilled migration often focuses on skill shortages and global labour market trends, with little attention directed to the individual experiences of the migrants themselves. ‘Divina’ is a migrant nurse who left her home country of the Philippines to gain work in Australia. In the process of this migration, Divina was drawn into a complex web of co-ethnic relationships with migration intermediaries that shaped much of her experiences with respect to entry and employment in Australia. Her story highlights how migration intermediaries can exacerbate the precarious and vulnerable position of skilled migrants. The dangers are particularly striking for those migrating from non-English-speaking and/or developing nations, where vulnerabilities can be entrenched by ‘trusting’ co-ethnic relations forged between sending and receiving countries.
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Sullivan, Gerard, and S. Gunasekaran. "The Role of Ethnic Relations and Education Systems in Migration from Southeast Asia to Australia." Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 8, no. 2 (August 1993): 219–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/sj8-2a.
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Sheppard, Jill, Marija Taflaga, and Liang Jiang. "Explaining high rates of political participation among Chinese migrants to Australia." International Political Science Review 41, no. 3 (May 22, 2019): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512119834623.
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Studies of political participation regularly observe the underrepresentation of immigrant citizens and ethnic minorities. In contrast, evidence from Australia suggests that immigrant Australians are overrepresented in certain forms of participation, including donating money and working for a party or candidate. Drawing on major theories of ethnic political participation (including socialisation, recruitment and clientelism), this study uses 2013 Australian Election Study data to show that China-born migrants to Australia participate at higher rates than native-born and other migrant citizens. The study finds support for two explanatory theories: (a) that contributions of money by recently-arrived migrants are an aspect of clientelist relationships between migrants and legislators; and (b) that political interest in and knowledge of the host country’s political system are not necessary, and indeed perhaps even depress participation among newly-arrived migrants. These findings suggest an under-explored vein of transactional politics within established democratic systems.
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Ge, Xin Janet. "Effects of ethnic changes on house prices: Sydney cases." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 1 (February 14, 2018): 96–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-12-2016-0083.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the factors that contribute to the changes of house prices including ethnic factors. Australia is a multicultural country with diversified ethnicities. The median price of established houses (unstratified) in Sydney has reached a new record high of $910,000 in December 2015, increasing around 58.2 per cent from March 2011 [Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2015a]. However, the prices of some suburbs have increased more than prices of others. Design/methodology/approach Six suburbs that represent ethnic majority originally including White, India and China will be selected as pilot studies. Hedonic regression analysis will be applied for the analysis based on 2001, 2006 and 2011 census data. Findings It is found that the main drivers of house prices are the dwelling physical characteristics and accessibility to convenient transportation. The level of household income also plays an important role. However, the impact of changes of ethnic on changes of prices is not significant. Research limitations/implications The study adds to the growing literature on the ethnicity changes on dwelling prices and is important for understanding whether some of the clusters of ethnic concentration or segregation effects property markets. This study is significant in its understanding of the main characteristics of ethnic changes of suburbs in Sydney. Practical implications An implication is that policy makers can attract different ethnic groups and encourage multicultural communities when they formulate housing and planning policies. Originality/value The relationship between ethnicity and house price appreciation is not extensively studied in Australia. This research contributes to the literature on the effects of ethnic changes on house prices and implications of policy formulation to encourage multicultural communities.
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Kim, Jong-Hyeong, and Jun (Justin) Li. "The Influence of Contemporary Negative Political Relations on Ethnic Dining Choices." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 44, no. 4 (March 14, 2020): 644–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348020910214.
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The marketing literature has demonstrated that political animosity influences consumers’ boycott intention. However, this question has rarely been examined in the hospitality setting. Thus, by utilizing cognitive appraisal theory and value-belief-norm theory, this study proposes a model to investigate the effect of animosity on ethnic dining behavior. To this end, this study examines the effect of animosity on switching intention by examining the structural relationships among anticipated negative emotions, personal norms, and switching intention. Study results demonstrate that individuals’ animosity beliefs influence their intention to switch to a different ethnic restaurant through anticipated negative emotions and personal norms. The current study’s findings provide ethnic restaurateurs with insights on how to revise marketing strategies when animosity is raised toward the origin country of which their ethnic cuisine is based on.
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Minnahmatovich-Biktimirov, Niyaz, Vladimir Anatolevich-Rubtzov, Mikhail Viktorovich-Rozhko, Marat Rafaelevich-Mustafin, and Svetlana Aleksandrovna-Shabalina. "Features of managing the development of interethnic relations in Russia based on economic and geographical position: On the example of the regions of the Volga Federal District." International Review, no. 1-2 (2021): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/intrev2102047m.
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The article shows the relevance of ethnic research in the modern world. The paper summarizes the scientific literature, published by specialists of different sciences concerned with ethnicity and ethnic processes in Russia and other countries. The Volga Federal District, which is one of the most multi-ethnic territories of Russia, was chosen as an object of study. The ethnic composition and interethnic relations in the regions of the Volga Federal District are analyzed. The forecast associated with the ethnic characteristics of the settlement within the district is presented. The influence of the economic and geographical position of the district on the dynamics of the ethnic composition of its population is shown. Conclusions based on current trends in the development of ethnic processes and inter-ethnic relations in the regions of the Volga Federal District.
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Venclova, Tomas. "Ethnic identity and the nationality issue in contemporary Soviet literature." Studies in Comparative Communism 21, no. 3-4 (September 1988): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-3592(88)90025-7.
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Blackburn, Kevin. "The ‘consumers’ ethic’ of Australian advertising agencies 1950–1965." Journal of Australian Studies 16, no. 32 (March 1992): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059209387088.
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Gaganakis, Margaret. "Language and ethnic group relations in non-racial schools." English Academy Review 9, no. 1 (December 1992): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10131759285310061.
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John Gleeson, Damian. "Public relations education in Australia, 1950-1975." Journal of Communication Management 18, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-11-2012-0091.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the foundation and development of public relations education (PRE) in Australia between 1950 and 1975. Design/methodology/approach – This paper utilises Australian-held primary and official industry association material to present a detailed and revisionist history of PR education in Australia in its foundation decades. Findings – This paper, which locates Australia's first PRE initiatives in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide in the 1960s, contests the only published account of PR education history by Potts (1976). The orthodox account, which has been repeated uncritically by later writers, overlooks earlier initiatives, such as the Melbourne-based Public Relations Institute of Australia, whose persistence resulted in Australia's first PR course at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in 1964. So too, educational initiatives in Adelaide and Sydney pre-date the traditional historiography. Originality/value – A detailed literature review suggests this paper represents the only journal-length piece on the history of PRE in Australia. It is also the first examination of relationships between industry, professional institutes, and educational authorities.
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Conforti, Joseph M. "White Ethnic: A Social Concept." Ethnic Studies Review 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2000.23.1.81.
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Why such a term as white ethnic or ethnic developed and what purposes it served guides this inquiry. Its origins in the wake of the Civil Rights Movement in a context of American immigration history are explored together with its adoption as a sociological concept. A survey of textbooks most likely to use such a term, particularly texts concerning race and ethnicity, intergroup relations, and sociology of minorities, together with related literature illustrates both its usage and the basis of such usage.
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Bangura, Joseph J. "Gender and Ethnic Relations in Sierra Leone: Temne Women in Colonial Freetown." History in Africa 39 (2012): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2012.0003.
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Abstract:The article explores the role of women, particularly non-Western educated Temne market women in shaping the socio-economic history of Britain's oldest colony in colonial West Africa. It addresses the neglect of women's participation in the economy of the colony inherent in the androcentric literature. The article also highlights the cultural foundations of Temne women's activism in colonial Freetown. It argues that the role played by various subjects and actors should be fully integrated in the historical literature of the Sierra Leone colony.
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Neupane, Saugat, Ranga Chimhundu, and K. C. Chan. "Cultural values affect functional food perception." British Food Journal 121, no. 8 (August 5, 2019): 1700–1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2019-0178.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between consumers’ cultural values and their functional food perception. Design/methodology/approach The research is qualitative in nature and uses the grounded theory method. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with three ethnic groups, Anglo-Australian, Chinese and Indian ethnic groups in Australia. The constant comparative data analysis approach was used to analyse the interview text. Findings The results indicate that there is a relationship between consumers’ cultural values and their functional food perception. Functional food perception depends upon the consumers’ predisposition towards their culture, their motives for functional food consumption and the level of perseverance towards functional foods. Research limitations/implications The study includes only three ethnic groups and is qualitative in nature, which may limit its generalisability to the universe. The inclusion of more ethnic groups and additional sources of data could form directions for future research. Practical implications Functional food marketers can assess the kind of cultural values the ethnic groups in Australia uphold and capture those values in their marketing strategies. The cultural values in the framework could be used for the segmentation of functional food consumers. In a multicultural setting like Australia, segmentation of consumers based on the standard values would be more feasible and effective to target consumers spread across different ethnic groups but who uphold similar values. Originality/value The research has attempted to fill the gap in the existing literature about the relationship between culture and functional food perception. The latent variables in the theoretical framework proposed by the qualitative enquiry can be a good starting point for understanding the influence of cultural values on functional food perception and the development of a more comprehensive theoretical framework for functional food behaviour.
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Morgan, Peter. "The Ethics of Narration in Helen Demidenko's The Hand That Signed the Paper, 1994 and 2017." AJS Review 44, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 368–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009420000033.
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During the mid-1990s the Australian literary scene was shaken by controversy over issues of antisemitism and Holocaust representation in Helen Demidenko's debut novel, The Hand That Signed the Paper. In 2017, Darville reissued the novel. At a time when debate is raging over the nature and limits of freedom of expression and the status of words and facts, this was a provocative move. This article revisits The Hand in order to resolve the issues of literary antisemitism and freedom of speech that it raised in 1994 and continues to raise today. I apply Avishai Margalit's notion of an “ethics of memory” to the autofictional text in order to develop a theory of an “ethics of narration” in literary fiction. This narrative ethics enables distinctions to be made in relation to truth claims and fictionality, which were opaque in Demidenko's original autofiction and remain unresolved in the reissued version.
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Lim, David C. L. "Unity lost? Reframing ethnic relations in Lloyd Fernando’s Green is the Colour." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 46, no. 2 (May 2010): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449851003707287.
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D'Rosario, Michael. "Australian Government Fiscal stimulus programs and gambling activity levels; an analysis of high-ethnic and low-ethnic communities." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 11, no. 1 (December 6, 2017): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v11i1.1346.
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The appropriateness of fiscal stimulus programs has come into question in light of the Global financial crisis. Indeed the austerity movement has called into question the economic benefits of large public spending programs. There is, however, a genuine dearth of research considering the impact of fiscal stimulus activities employed during the global financial crisis on spending behaviours, particularly when considering Australian stimulus programs. Much of the extant literature focuses on key matters such as quantitative easing and credit easing. The extant literature relating to fiscal stimulus research is typified by the utilisation qualitative methods to analyse the impact of the stimulus on economic activity. Most studies concern themselves with a handful of pertinent macroeconomic factors in an effort to surmise whether any possess any explanatory power, employing qualitative frameworks for analysis. The current study considers the impact of a discretionary stimulus program is affording a once off payment to Australian citizens on spending behaviour specifically the study shall consider the impact of government stimulus activities on gambling behaviours. Employing dynamic panel estimation methods, specifically the system GMM estimator, the study finds that fiscal stimulus significantly increased gambling activity in Australia, pertinently noting differential impacts within high ethnic and low ethnic communities.
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Thomas, Steven W. "The Context of Multi-Ethnic Politics for Ethiopian American Literature." MELUS 45, no. 1 (2020): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlz065.
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Abstract Considering the broad conversation among African novelists about the representation of Africans in America, this essay proposes a reevaluation of Ethiopian American literature that is attentive to the historical complexity of Ethiopia’s ethnic diversity. Situating novels and memoirs in their regional context of the Horn of Africa, it highlights how writers of the Ethiopian diaspora sometimes wrestle with and other times avoid the implications of the region’s ethnic politics. Focusing on the novel The Parking Lot Attendant (2018) by Nafkote Tamirat as a case study, it compares it to how other novelists and memoirists from the region, including Dinaw Mengestu, Nega Mezlekia, Maaza Mengiste, Meti Birabiro, Rebecca Haile, and Nurrudin Farrah, have managed the burden of multi-ethnic representation. Tamirat’s novel is somewhat unique for framing the immigrant experience within the story of a political dystopia and uncanny “loneless” social relations. By analyzing Ethiopian American literature in this way, the essay critiques scholarship that has been inattentive to the complex multi-ethnic history of the region because of its focus on the alienation of Ethiopian protagonists from cross-cultural and intracultural forms of political engagement.
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Yusha‟u, Dalhatu Musa, Shuaibu Zakari, and Shuaibu Sidi Safiyanu. "Traditional Institution and Inter-ethnic Relations: A Study of Lafia Emirate Council Nasarawa State, Nigeria 1999-2019." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 03 (2022): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6323.
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This paper seeks to empirically assess the impact of Lafia Emirate Council on inter-ethnic relations from 1999 to 2019 using descriptive and correlation matrix. Inter-ethnic relations in an environment with high degree of diversity often become tense since the advent of the Nigerian fourth republic. Lafia Emirate is a miniature Nigeria, consisting of diverse ethnic and religious groups. However, the crises and contestations that have characterized the polity of the country especially its upsurge since the return to democracy in May 29, 1999 was relatively tamed in the Emirate due to the impact of the Emirate Council in moderating inter-ethnic relations in the area. The paper attempted an empirical x-ray into the impact of the Lafia Emirate Council on inter-ethnic relations in the Emirate. After reviewing relevant literature and firsthand information gathered through questionnaires, primary and secondary data were analyzed guided by the social capital theory. The findings have revealed positive impact of the Lafia Emirate Council on inter-ethnic relations on virtually almost all the key variables tested. It’s suggested the need for constitutional roles for Emirate Councils to achieve more rewarding successes. The mediation and reconciliation role of traditional rulers should be strengthened and institutionalized to serve as an alternative conflict resolution mechanism in view of its efficacy and mending of relationship and fences.
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Horsti, Karina. "Overview of Nordic Media Research on Immigration and Ethnic Relations." Nordicom Review 29, no. 2 (November 1, 2008): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0191.
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Abstract Nordic media and communication research had reacted to the ethnically/racially and culturally changing societies since the 1980s, and the multidisciplinary field of migration, ethnic relations and the media has been shaped. This overview draws upon existing body of research, particularly on recent literature since the early 2000s, and aims to sketch out the rough lines of Nordic media research by mapping and comparing developments in this area. In addition, it points out some major outcomes and, finally, suggests future developments. The longest line of research is based on text analysis, mostly quantitative and qualitative content analysis and discourse analysis of majority media’s texts on immigration and ethnic minorities. Later on, the research focus has widened to cover various dimensions of media output as well as production and reception. Although the field is intensively developing, comparative research among the Nordic countries, and between other European countries, is scarce.
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Hidayat, Medhy Aginta, and Mohtazul Farid. "Strangers at Home: Identity Negotiation Practices among Ethnic Chinese in Madura, Indonesia." Journal of Society and Media 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v5n1.p19-41.
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This study examines the identity negotiation practices among ethnic Chinese in inter-ethnic relations in Madura, Indonesia. Even though ethnic Chinese have been living in Madura for quite a long time, they are still often considered as “strangers” by most of native Madurese. This study used qualitative data from literature review, field observations, and in-depth interviews with fifty informants of the ethnic Chinese who were born and lived in Madura. This study found that the practice of identity negotiation carried out by the ethnic Chinese in Madura includes several ways: using local language in daily conversation, changing their Chinese names into native Madurese names, practicing the Madurese indigenous cultural traditions in daily life, embracing Islam – the majority religion of the native Madurese – as their new religion, and marrying native Madurese men or women. The findings of this study corroborated prior studies that in unequal inter-ethnic relations, the ethnic minority often have to sacrifice themselves to be accepted by the ethnic majority. Moreover, ethnic minorities often have to negotiate identities, by hiding their master identity and highlighting other minor identities in order to be accepted and coexist with the ethnic majority.
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Piperoglou, Andonis. "Migrant Labour and Their “Capitalist Compatriots”: Towards a History of Ethnic Capitalism." Labour History: Volume 121, Issue 1 121, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2021.23.
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The relationship between migration and Australian capitalism has long been a topic of robust scholarly debate in sociology and economics. Researchers in those fields have highlighted how migration has left an indelible imprint on Australian capitalism. By contrast, Australian migration histories have given scant attention to the role ethnic groups played in Australian capitalism. This lack of attention is particularly curious in historical studies of Greek Australia given the significance of small business in facilitating migration and settlement. From Federation onwards, Greek ethnic capitalism - or, more precisely, the relations between Greek migrant labourers and their petite bourgeoisie employers - became a topic of media coverage. In fact, the relations between Greek workers and employers were so important that newspapers routinely reported on the subject. This article examines this media coverage, its racialist and criminalising connotations, and historical relevance. It concludes with some observations on how histories of capitalism can productively engage with the histories of ethnicisation.
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Kushmanova, Laylo. "Modern Tendencies In The Ethnic Relations Of Kuramas." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue12-03.
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The article highlights the issues, such as Kurama ethnicity ( or “ethnic group of Kuramas”), which is involved in the Uzbek nation, its ethnic composition, the identity sense of the Kuramas in terms of unity of the people, the attitude to the Uzbek national unity and transformational processes. Corresponding issues are presented as material for ongoing scientific analysis based on field materials and, where appropriate, scientific and popular literature data. The core meaning of the term “kurama” is explined by the fact that this ethnic group is of the polycomponent. To be specific, it is feasable to promote the idea that the genetic composition of Kuramas has a common root with Karluk, Kipchak and Oguz ethnicities, since the period of Turkish commonality. Subsequently, after the end of the Turkish commonality and the formation of independent Turkic fraternal nations, the ethnic union of the Uzbek, Turkmen, Kyrgyz and Kazakh peoples began in Central Asia. In particular, the main core of the Uzbek nation began with the Karluk branch, while the Uyghur ethnos grew in the same process with the Uzbek ethnic genesis, and the subsequent stages of development in the border areas were independent. However, the bond of historical ties between the two branches has not been ripped up. The article also analyses the issues of genetic memory of Kuramin residents of different villages along the streams of mountain and rivers. Thus, a survey conducted among the residents of Lashkarak Sai shows that the older generation practically began to forget the tribal origins of not only individual families, but also the entire group of residents of the compact community of the village. As for the inhabitants of Ertashsay, which originates from the Karakush peak, dividing the Tianshan mountain ranges into Chatkal and Kurama, they partly associate themselves with the traditional 92 Uzbek tribes. However, this information of Ertashsay residents is contraindicated for data on the genetic mixing of the Kuramis, consisting of Uzbek-Kazakh-Kyrgyz components. Our observations on the formation of the names of certain groups of Kuramins are interesting. Thus, the inhabitants of a number of villages, who have retained the memory of family ties in the past, are now known by various nicknames given to them from other villages. For example, Ezma top (chatty), Kal topi (bald), Zhanghirok topi (bells), Pulat topi (steelworkers), Toq topi (fed), etc. In addition, some groups of Kuraminians got their names from their place of residence: Kuramin residents Kurboz, Badrangi, Chelenovul, Ajir ovul, Samguron ovul, Guldirama soy, Kara kishlak, Soyogzi, etc. In general, in the ethno-cultural situation of the Kuramin people, there is a gradual tendency to smooth out the previously stable traditional forms of life, social relations and purely Kuramin rituals and customs, which merge with the general Uzbek ones, since the Kuramin people mostly identify themselves as Uzbeks.
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Markey, Raymond, and Joseph McIvor. "Environmental bargaining in Australia." Journal of Industrial Relations 61, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618814056.
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An emerging body of research addresses the link between environmental issues, especially climate change, and employment relations. In this article, we examine the ways in which employment relations actors are addressing climate change, particularly focusing on collective bargaining. We begin by surveying the literature linking climate change and employment relations, especially analysing union strategies in this sphere, and develop a conceptual framework linking these threads. We then examine the incidence and content of collective enterprise bargaining over environmental issues in Australia for 2011–2016, applying and adapting Goods' concepts of embedded institutional and voluntary multilateral approaches. The former inserts environmental commitments into formal collective agreements; the latter involves unions and workers more directly in developing emissions-reduction activities in the workplace. We address the potential links between these and the different actors (unions or management) that drive them. We find that environmental clauses in Australian agreements are rare, and that they are as likely to be driven by management as by unions. The institutional, organisational, and particularly the regulatory environment seem responsible. However, exceptions – notably in universities – provide exemplars for substantial, class-based union agency. We also find that collective bargaining may facilitate more ongoing, strategic initiatives of the voluntary multilateral type.
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Kaine, Sarah, and Martijn Boersma. "Women, work and industrial relations in Australia in 2017." Journal of Industrial Relations 60, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618764204.
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Throughout 2017, public interest, parliamentary debate and academic research about women, work and industrial relations centred around a few key themes: pay and income inequality, health and well-being at work and the intersection of paid and unpaid work. These themes were identified in three related yet distinct mediums: the media, parliamentary debate and academic literature. Automated content analysis software was used to assist in the thematic analysis of media articles and the House of Representatives Hansard, supplemented by a manual analysis of relevant academic publications. A thematic overlap was evident across the three datasets, despite the time lag associated with academic research and publication. This is a significant finding, emphasising that the inequalities experienced by women in the labour market are long term and entrenched.
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Nurjanah, Igus, and Anis Satila Binti Mat Arifin. "The Society Perception Toward Harmonization of Social Relationship Ethnic in Malaysia." Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education 2, no. 2 (December 16, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sjdgge.v2i2.152.
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This research to describe society perceptions of the harmonization of ethnic social relations in Malaysia. Malaysia is a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-lingual society. This type of research is qualitative descriptive, using several informants to conduct interviews. Data sources used are primary sources, namely information that is sourced directly from the research location by means of interviews. Whereas secondary sources are data obtained from documentation or literature study to complete primary data, with sampling technique, accidental sampling. The results of the research show that social relations between ethnic groups in Malaysia have been well established by maintaining togetherness and mutual respect between individuals and community groups. However, both the community and the government still have to strive to keep working together in maintaining the harmony of social relations that have been well established, so that the creation of a sense of security and comfort despite being in an environment with ethnic diversity.
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Saarikkomäki, Elsa, and Anne Alvesalo-Kuusi. "Ethnic Minority Youths’ Encounters With Private Security Guards: Unwelcome in the City Space." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 36, no. 1 (November 24, 2019): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219890205.
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An increasing amount of literature is suggesting that ethnic minorities perceive their relations with the police as negative and procedurally unjust. There is, however, a distinctive lack of research on the relations between ethnic minorities and private security agents. This study uses the qualitative interviews of 30 ethnic minority youths living in Finland to explore their interactions with security guards. The findings suggest that perceptions of discrimination, suspicion, being moved on, and exclusion from city space were common. The study advances the theorizations of the changes in policing and procedural justice and incorporates these into the discussions on policing the city space. It argues that net-widening of policing means that city spaces are becoming more unwelcoming for ethnic minority youths in particular, limiting their opportunities to use city spaces.
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Rüegger, Seraina. "Refugees, ethnic power relations, and civil conflict in the country of asylum." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318812935.
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Many countries that face forced migrant inflows refuse to admit these uprooted people premised on negative externalities such as increased insecurity associated with refugee presence. Also, the academic literature on civil conflict identified refugee movements as a factor contributing to the regional clustering of war. Case-based evidence suggests that refugees can disturb the ethnic setup in the country of asylum and thereby trigger instability. To enhance the yet limited systematic understanding of the role of refugees in violent conflicts, this study examines the linkage between forced migrants, transnational connections, and ethnic civil conflict in the country of asylum with a large-N analysis, 1975–2013, arguing that ethnic power politics in the asylum state are determinant for intrastate conflict onset after a refugee influx. Statistical analysis finds that groups are particularly prone to conflict if they are excluded from governmental power and simultaneously host ethnic kin refugees, because a co-ethnic refugee influx enlarges the demographic and political leverage of the kin group, possibly resulting in clashes with other groups in the country. Hence, refugees alone do not consistently influence armed violence – only in combination with political tensions in the receiving country. Therefore, host governments should pursue inclusionary policies towards their population, to prevent dangerous instability, instead of closing borders or blaming refugees for domestic problems.
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Sawrikar, Pooja. "Service Organisations’ Cultural Competency When Working with Ethnic Minority Victims/Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse: Results from a Program Evaluation Study in Australia." Social Sciences 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9090152.
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Founded in the results of a systematic literature review, a professional development program was developed about the needs of ethnic minority victims/survivors of child sexual abuse, with one component on the role of organisations. The objective was to address the misperception that frontline workers are more responsible for cultural competency. The program was delivered across Australia in 2019 (T1 n = 112, T2 n = 44). Data collection for the program evaluation was conducted over six months using a mixed-methods design. The results show that: (a) a sizeable portion of organisations (16%) do not have any ethnic minority staff, and very few are in management positions (6–13%); (b) ethnic minority staff, and staff in organisations specialised for ethnic minority communities, offer choice to clients about ethnically-matched service providers more often; (c) there is evidence supporting the usefulness of ongoing training; (d) the use of a multicultural framework was rated higher ‘in principle’ than ‘in practice’, and ratings increased after the program; (e) the proportion of organisations collecting ethnicity-related data did not increase over time; (f) all organisations specialised for ethnic minority communities had visually inclusive websites but was only 54% for mainstream organisations; and (g) organisations specialised for ethnic minority communities have stronger links with other local ethnic minority community organisations. Overall, the program is seen as useful for promoting cultural competency at the organisational level; clearly identifying key mandatory and ideal elements, which support good practice with this highly vulnerable and marginalised client group.
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Gitelman, Zvi, and Rasma Karklins. "Ethnic Relations in the USSR: The Perspective from below." Russian Review 46, no. 4 (October 1987): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/130313.
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Murray, Linda, and Meredith Nash. "The Challenges of Participant Photography: A Critical Reflection on Methodology and Ethics in Two Cultural Contexts." Qualitative Health Research 27, no. 6 (September 14, 2016): 923–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732316668819.
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Photovoice and photo-elicitation are two common methods of participant photography used in health research. Although participatory photography has many benefits, this critical reflection provides fellow researchers with insights into the methodological and ethical challenges faced when using such methods. In this article, we critically reflect on two studies that used participatory photography in different cultural contexts. The first study used photo-elicitation to investigate mothers’ experiences of infant settling in central Vietnam. The second study used photovoice to explore pregnant embodiment in Australia. Following a discussion of the literature and a detailed overview of the two studies, we examine the methodological challenges in using participant photography before, during and after each study. This is followed by a discussion of ethical concerns that arose in relation to the burden of participation, confidentiality, consent, and the photographing of families and children. To conclude, we highlight implications for using participatory photography in other settings.
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Mihailescu, Mihaela. "The Politics of Minimal “Consensus”." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 22, no. 3 (April 16, 2008): 553–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325408315837.
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This article argues that the inclusion of ethnic Hungarian parties within the Slovak and Romanian democratic oppositions during the early years of democratic transition was a critical element for the peaceful management of interethnic relations in these two multiethnic new democracies. Contrary to what the existing literature suggests, violent conflict was averted despite the absence of institutions specially designed to manage interethnic relations, the exclusion of ethnic minorities from government, and quasi-majoritarian political environments. In the two studied cases, interethnic opposition coalitions resulted from the adoption of basic democratic political institutions, which constrained actors across the ethnic divide to cooperate based on a minimal consensus agenda. More broadly, this article questions the claim that multiethnic countries are unlikely candidates for peaceful democratization, and suggests that as long as participation in democratic processes, either in government or in opposition, is possible for ethnic minorities, violent conflict can be averted.