Journal articles on the topic 'Australia Economic policy Econometric models'
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1
Shaparov, A. "From «White Australia» to Multiculturalism." World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (2010): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-3-96-104.
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The article deals with issues of the immigration policymaking and its implementation in Australia. Factors influencing the change of the national immigration policy models are revealed. Problems and modern condition of an immigration policy are covered. The Australian experience in quality improvement of the involved migrants' human capital is generalized.
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Vu, Jo, and Tran Van Hoa. "Contribution of Chinese and Indian tourism to Australia: A comparative econometric study." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.81.7498.
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Under the current widespread economic integration of new international trade theory, the world’s two most populous countries, China and India, have achieved high growth, reducing poverty, increasing income and living standards and, as a result, provided good sources of much needed income-generating tourism to international destinations in recent years. The trend in rising tourism including education from China and India to Australia is exponential, and particularly important where the country’s geographical, cultural and educational quality attributes are internationally key attractions. Appropriate studies of this trend and economic outcomes, with robust and reliable empirical findings for credible analysis have been inadequate to date. The project addresses this gap by proposing to investigate the economic contributions of China and India’s tourism to Australia, and their determination for strategic international policy analysis. Significantly, this is done from an economic integration framework, which is also the expenditure (as opposed to production or income) perspective of the United Nations System of National Accounts 1993/2008. A multi-simultaneous equation model of endogenous Australian growth and Chinese and Indian tourism determination is developed. The model novelly incorporates gravity theory and classical consumer demand contributors, Ironmonger-Lancaster commodity attributes and Johansen policy impact add-and sub-factors explicitly in the economic integration framework, and is estimated by system methods with official economic and tourism 1992-2016 data. The findings will provide appropriate and much needed evidence-based inputs on the major economic integration contributors to Australia’s growth, Chinese and Indian tourism causality to key stake-holders such as tourism policy-makers, analysts and operators for international strategic policy analysis and practical implementation.
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Roljic, Lazo. "An expert system for national economy model simulations." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 12, no. 2 (2002): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0202247r.
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There are some fundamental economic uncertainties. We cannot forecast economic events with a very high scientific precision. It is very clear that there does not exist a unique 'general' model, which can yield all answers to a wide range of macroeconomic issues. Therefore, we use several different kinds of models on segments of the macroeconomic problem. Different models can distinguish/solve economy desegregation, time series analysis and other subfactors involved in macroeconomic problem solving. A major issue becomes finding a meaningful method to link these econometric models. Macroeconomic models were linked through development of an Expert System for National Economy Model Simulations (ESNEMS). ESNEMS consists of five parts: (1) small-scale short-term national econometric model, (2) Methodology of Interactive Nonlinear Goal Programming (MINGP), (3) data-base of historical macro-economic aggregates, (4) software interface for interactive communications between a model and a decision maker, and (5) software for solving problems. ESNEMS was developed to model the optimum macro-economic policy of a developing country (SFRY-formerly Yugoslavia). Most econometric models are very complex. Optimizing of the economic policy is typically defined as a nonlinear goal programming problem. To solve/optimize these models, a new methodology, MINGP, was developed as a part of ESNEMS. MINGP is methodologically based on linear goal programming and feasible directions method. Using Euler's Homogeneous Function Theorem, MINGP linearizes nonlinear homogeneous functions. The highest priorities in minimizing the objective function are the growth of gross domestic product and the decrease of inflation. In the core of the optimization model, MINGP, there is a small-scale econometric model. This model was designed through analysis of the causal relations in the SFRY's social reproduction process of the past 20 years. The objective of the econometric model is to simulate potential short term (one-year) national economic policies. Ex-ante simulation and optimization of economic policy for 1986 showed that, in SFRY, non-consistent macro-economic policy was resolute and led to both slower economic development and more rapid growth of inflation.
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Kaboudan, Mahmoud A. "Oil Revenue and Kuwait's Economy: An Econometric Approach." International Journal of Middle East Studies 20, no. 1 (February 1988): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800057500.
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This paper presents a macroeconomic model for a small developing oil-exporting economy: Kuwait. The model is a simultaneous system of difference equations. Historic effects of changes in revenues from oil exports on the country's economic conditions are simulated. The model is then used to forecast these conditions through 1990, and to test two fiscal policy alternatives under the assumption that revenues from Kuwait's oil exports will remain constant from 1986 to 1990. The following are key words: developing economies; oil-exporting economies; Middle East economies; Kuwait; Kuwait's economy; policy models; macroeconomic models; econometric models; macroeconometric models; forecasting models; and policy models.
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Duguleana, Constantin, Liliana Duguleana, Camelia Mirela Baba, and Cristina Drumea. "Recovery after Demerger: Evidence from Romanian Companies." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031151.
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The paper follows the demerger phenomenon in Romania in order to find out whether companies regain their economic performance after reorganization. The research is based on four samples of companies, divided into 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015, that recorded their financial indicators in the period from 2005–2019. Using the financial indicators of companies that demerged in the same year, we analyzed the economic performances before and after the demergers, using statistical and econometric methods. The model with the fixed effects of the cross sections proved to be the most suitable for each panel, both for the entire analyzed period and for the two subperiods: ante and post demerger. The subperiod models are better than the panel econometric models for the entire period. The results show that all of the Romanian companies recovered after the demergers, and also to what extents. The validities of the econometric models confirm the sustainability of the economic activities after the demergers. This paper provides a study methodology and econometric models to investigate the demerger phenomenon among Romanian companies.
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TISDELL, CLEM. "LINKING POLICIES FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION WITH ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS." Singapore Economic Review 50, spec01 (January 2005): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590805002141.
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Global biodiversity loss and its consequences for human welfare and sustainable development have become major concerns. Economists have, therefore, given increasing attention to the policy issues involved in the management of genetic resources. To do so, they often apply empirical methods developed in behavioral and experimental economics to estimate economic values placed on genetic resources. This trend away from almost exclusive dependence on axiomatic methods is welcomed. However, major valuation methods used in behavioral economics raise new scientific challenges. Possibly the most important of these include deficiencies in the knowledge of the public (and researchers) about genetic resources, implications for the formation of values of supplying information to focal individuals, and limits to rationality. These issues are explored for stated-preference techniques of valuation (e.g., contingent valuation) as well as revealed preference techniques, especially the travel cost method. They are illustrated by Australian and Asian examples. Taking into account behavioral and psychological models and empirical evidence, particular attention is given to how elicitation of preferences, and supply of information to individuals, influences their preferences about biodiversity. Policy consequences are outlined.
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Suleymanov, Gazanfar, Sadaqat Ibrahimova, and Emilya Shakhverenova. "ECONOMETRİC MODELS OF DURABLE AND STABLE ECONOMİC DEVELOPMENT OF AZERBAİJAN İNDUSTRİAL ENTERPRİSES." Gulustan-Black Sea Scientific Journal of Academic Research 54, no. 03 (May 28, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/gbssjar5403202032.
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If should be noted that means gained as a result of development of oil industry have to be directed to develop non-oil industry due to the market requirements. Additionally we can emphasize that new economic models have been worked out to develop more effeciently industrial enterprises in the market relations. In connection with it strategical road map on the economic perspectives “State Program on the development of Azerbaijan Republic industry for 2015-2020-s” accepted on 6 December 2018, has been considered to speed industrializing process. Measurements plan is carried out. Due to the industrializing policy developing cosmic, defence, alternative energy, ship-building and other new fields have been created. Besides new industrial and refining enterprises began to be operated successfully.
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Sun, Wenxiang, Jisheng Peng, Juelin Ma, and Weiguo Zhong. "Evolution and performance of Chinese technology policy." Journal of Technology Management in China 4, no. 3 (September 25, 2009): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17468770911013528.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of Chinese technology policy, assess its technological and economic performance from the visual angle of “market in exchange for technology” strategy.Design/methodology/approachA quantified method based on policy contents from policy power, policy goals and policy means was developed to build a policy database, and analyze the evolutionary tendency of Chinese technology policy. In addition, econometric models were built to assess the performance of technology policy.FindingsThe critical goals of Chinese technology policy are introducing technology directly or indirectly by introducing foreign investment and innovation, but the critical linkage between introduction and innovation‐technology absorption was absent – almost all policy means aim at the introduction of foreign investment and innovation but not technology absorption. More unfortunately, the econometric results show that introduction of foreign investment contributes little, while technology absorption contributes much more. Institutional path‐dependence and the competition for benefits among different departments have aggravated an already unbalanced emphasis on technology policies during the reform.Research limitations/implicationsDuring the quantification of technology policy, one perhaps loses some information about policy, and it can only be used to analyze the technology policy system, not special technology policy.Practical implicationsAnalyses of the evolution of Chinese technology policy and econometric results show the blunder of “market in exchange for technology” strategy from policy formulation and execution. Also, it leads to the optimization of technology policy from policy targets, implements based on national technology and innovation strategy.Originality/valueThe paper develops the method of technology policy quantification and builds econometric models to assess the contribution of technology policy to technology progress and economy development.
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Angrist, Joshua D., and Jörn-Steffen Pischke. "Undergraduate Econometrics Instruction: Through Our Classes, Darkly." Journal of Economic Perspectives 31, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.2.125.
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The past half-century has seen economic research become increasingly empirical, while the nature of empirical economic research has also changed. In the 1960s and 1970s, an empirical economist's typical mission was to “explain” economic variables like wages or GDP growth. Applied econometrics has since evolved to prioritize the estimation of specific causal effects and empirical policy analysis over general models of outcome determination. Yet econometric instruction remains mostly abstract, focusing on the search for “true models” and technical concerns associated with classical regression assumptions. Questions of research design and causality still take a back seat in the classroom, in spite of having risen to the top of the modern empirical agenda. This essay traces the divergent development of econometric teaching and empirical practice, arguing for a pedagogical paradigm shift.
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Felis, Paweł, Joanna Szlęzak-Matusewicz, and Henryk Rosłaniec. "Differentiation of Fiscal Effects of Local Tax Policy in Countries Using Area-Based Property Taxation: the Case of Poland." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 19, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): 521–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/19.3.521-541(2021).
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The paper addresses differences in financial effects of local tax policy. Its aim was to examine the effects of decisions taken within the realm of tax authority in a country which applies area-based property taxation. The paper validates the hypothesis, according to which the impact of local tax policy upon tax revenues of local units depends on the social and economic potential of regions (in Poland called “voivodeships”). We believe that municipalities (called “gminas” in Polish) are more active in pursuing local tax policy (i.e., in reducing property tax rates) in regions whose social and economic position is weaker. Statistical and econometric analyses confirmed our theoretical assumptions and provided the evidence that the hypothesis is correct. By using econometric models, in this paper we also succeeded in identifying variables which help in explaining the real scale of reductions of property tax rates.
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Stavytskyy, Andriy, and Daria Martynovych. "THE ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF UKRAINIAN MACROECONOMIC TENDENCIES." Ekonomika 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2012.0.906.
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Econometric models are widely used in economic policies of many states. They help to build a great variety of econometric systems for every country and take into account the specifics of each economy.In this article, the structural macroeconomic models that describe the main aspects of the economic policy were applied. The interdependence between the level of inflation, the value of investment, savings, consumption, export and import transactions, taxes on the foreign trade were defined based on the analysis of the key macroeconomic parameters of Ukraine. After investigating all economic indicators, they were transformed into stationary time series for a correct use in the model. In addition, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation of residuals were excluded in all econometric equations.As a result, the research shows that a large share of black economy leads to a rather high level of inflation in the state, because its value is primarily determined by expectations of the population under such circumstances. The paper indicates that the further export growth leads to a lower consumption growth and also to a lower growth of savings. Such a situation indicates an insufficient development of the domestic market. Investment growth has been fund not to be directly linked to consumption increase and economic development in general. Unfortunately, the main sources of investment in Ukraine are the funds of enterprises and foreign sources. The analysis shows a need to encourage public involvement into investment processes. For example, the creation of public–private partnerships is especially useful while implementing infrastructural projects.
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Dimian, Gina Cristina, Mirela Ionela Aceleanu, Bogdan Vasile Ileanu, and Andreea Claudia Șerban. "UNEMPLOYMENT AND SECTORAL COMPETITIVENESS IN SOUTHERN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES. FACTS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 19, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 474–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2018.6581.
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This article addresses the problem of the main factors driving sectoral unemployment in the Mediterranean countries most affected by this phenomenon. The choice of the four countries (Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal) relies on the fact that they are dealing with the highest unemployment rates in the European Union and a certain typology of the economic structure. The originality of our research is offered by its direction, less tackled until now, namely the focus on the particularities of the economic sectors, trying to capture differences between them. The importance and the impact of the results are supported by the methods used to produce them, indicators and econometric models that are on trend and bring extra information to available studies. Descriptive statistics and mismatch indexes are used to outline the economic and labour market structure, while the econometric models built on panel data capture the impact of factors such as GVA growth, specialization and labour market mismatches on the unemployment rate at six economic sectors level. Our paper makes three contributions to the literature. First, we have demonstrated that agriculture is the sector of activity less sensitive to output fluctuations in terms of unemployment and can become a buffer for the jobless in times of recessions. Second, we have proved that industry, as a whole, is highly responsive to economic developments and bad specialization could worsen unemployment situation in this sector. Third, we showed that educational mismatches have a significant impact on unemployment in those sectors of activity that employ low educated workforce.
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Kozinova, A. T. "An econometric analysis of retail turnover in Russia." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 19, no. 6 (June 29, 2020): 1133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.6.1133.
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Subject. The article deals with econometric analysis of retail turnover in Russia and its relationship with macroeconomic indicators, like real disposable household income, consumer prices, etc. Objectives. The purpose is to create effective models to analyze the retail turnover in Russia and its relationship with other macroeconomic indicators, taking into account the existence of periods of economic instability. Methods. I apply correlation and regression methods to analyze statistics. To quantify changes in the retail turnover of Russia during the periods of economic instability, I use dummy variables. Results. The Russia’s retail trade turnover index had a reverse and moderate relationship with the consumer price index, direct and strong relationship with the indices of real disposable household income and imports, direct relationship with the manufacturing index. I offer statistically significant regression models of Russia’s retail turnover with the said macroeconomic indicators. Conclusions. The main advantage of models of retail turnover that are built using a large number of observations is a greater number of simultaneously considered factors. The quantitative assessment of retail turnover elasticity by consumer prices confirms the need for inflation targeting by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The higher elasticity of retail turnover in manufacturing as compared with the imports denotes the importance of import substitution policy.
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KECK, ALEXANDER, BRUCE MALASHEVICH, and IAN GRAY. "A ‘probabilistic’ approach to the use of econometric models in sunset reviews." World Trade Review 6, no. 3 (October 31, 2007): 371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745607003436.
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AbstractEconomists have increasingly become involved in trade remedy and litigation matters that call for economic interpretation or quantification. The literature on the use of econometric methods in response to legal requirements of trade policy is rather limited. This article contributes to filling this gap by demonstrating the efficacy of using a simple ‘probabilistic’ model in analyzing the ‘likelihood’ of injury to the local industry concerned, following a finding of continuation or recurrence of dumping (or countervailable subsidies). The legal concept of ‘likelihood’ is not only particularly well-suited to illustrate the systemic need for trade lawyers and economists to cooperate. It is also of imminent practical relevance with a groundswell of ‘sunset’ reviews looming on the horizon. We discuss the significance of economic analysis for trade remedy investigations by reviewing the literature, the applicable WTO rules, and, in particular, the pertinent case law. The potential value of probabilistic simulations for ‘likelihood’ determinations is exemplified using a real-world application. Using data from past United States International Trade Commission investigations, we find that a probabilistic model that takes account of the uncertainty surrounding economic parameters reduces the risk of misjudging the effect on the domestic industry of a termination of trade remedies.
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Басовский, Leonid Basovskiy, Басовская, and Elena Basovskaya. "Higher Education’s External Effects in Modern Russia’s Economy." Economics 3, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7806.
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Econometric models of GDP’s crisis growth rates and factors of GDP’s recession
rates have been received. The models allow predict the recession in Russia’s
economy in 2015–2019. Decline in production during the crisis can reach
16–17%. Production decline duration can make 4–5 years. The crisis phenomena
in economy at the level up to 80,7% have been caused by formation of
adverse institutional environment under the influence of the laws adopted in
2003–2014. A new paradigm of economic policy is necessary for overcoming
the crisis phenomena in economy, this policy is the one related to formation of
institutions favoring to the economic growth and economic development, the
policy aimed at the business development, at investment attraction, at domestic
demand expansion.
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Sumithra, R. "Monetary Policy Goals for Economic Stability in India." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i2.2155.
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This paper focused on the goals of monetary policy on how to take action to reduce the inflation rate and achieve economic stability in India. The monetary policy the arm of public policy the usual goals of monetary policy are to achieve full employment, to achieve high rate of economic growth, and to stabilize prices and wages, to maintain equilibrium the balance of payment, influencing the cost and availability of credit and increasing the repo rate by central bank and Government of India. Every country needs to achieve price stability in economic development. The inflation rate below close to 2% is low enough to allow the economy to benefit fully from price stability and avoid deflation risk and, beyond the level of inflation above 3 to 10% in any economy of the country, it’s harmful to the economy. Present India’s consumer price inflation rate was (CPI) 3.9% and the whole sale inflation rate of (WPI) 1.8% in the Financial Year of 2019. According to Econometric models estimated in 2020, India’s inflation rate is projected around 4.5%.
In this study, we study whether inflation is an effective tool for controlling inflation and achieving economic stability in India?
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Simon, György. "The impact of the British model on economic growth." Ekonomski anali 52, no. 174-175 (2007): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0775045s.
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The paper is searching for an answer to the question how the British model affected economic development in its mother country, the United Kingdom. The statistical analysis, models of mathematical economics and econometric investigation make it probable to conclude that there was a substantial difference in success between the Thatcherite and the Blairite economic policies; the latter proved more effective. It is particularly remarkable that the Blairite model, connecting privatization with a successful employment policy, reduced unemployment and social sensitivity, has not only speeded up economic growth but also improved economic equilibrium, curtailing, among others, the budget deficit.
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Mirolubova, Tatyana V., and Marina V. Radionova. "Assessing the Impact of the Factors in the Digital Transformation on the Regional Economic Growth." REGIONOLOGY 29, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 486–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.116.029.202103.486-510.
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Introduction. The scientific problem under consideration is of particular relevance due to the need to assess the impact of the factors in the digital transformation of the regional economy and in the economic growth on the economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation. Based on the research conducted, the article presents an econometric assessment of the dependence of the level of the gross regional product per capita in the regions of Russia on such factors as digital labor and digital capital. Materials and Methods. The authors analyzed panel data from the Federal State Statistics Service covering 87 regions of Russia for the period from 2010 to 2018. The research methodology is based on the use of the Cobb–Douglas production function, statistical and correlation data analysis, as well as on econometric methods for studying panel data. Results. To analyze the impact of the digital transformation of the economy on the regional economic growth of the regions of Russia, various models based on panel data have been considered, such as the pooled model, fixed effects models, random effects models, as well as time-varying effects models using dummy variables. Based on statistical criteria, the best model has been chosen and conclusions have been drawn about the nature of the impact of the digital transformation indicators on the gross regional product per capita in the regions of Russia. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of econometric modeling have demonstrated that digital factors in economic growth (digital labor, digital capital), along with common factors in economic growth (labor and capital), affect the regional economic growth. According to the regional data for the period from 2010 to 2018, the time fixed effects model has proved to be the best model of the impact of the factors in economic growth and digital transformation on the economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation. The research results can be used when developing a public policy aimed at stimulating the digital transformation of the regional economy.
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Kazmi, Aqdas Ali. "An Econometric Estimation of Tax-discounting in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4III (December 1, 1995): 1067–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iiipp.1067-1077.
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The debt neutrality hypothesis which has been a source of major controversies in the theory of public finance, and macroeconomics has at the same time generated a vast literature on the implications of budgetary deficits and public debt on various subsectors/ variables of the economy, such as inflation, interest rates, current account deficit, etc. Tax discounting has been one of the fields of research associated with debt neutrality. The econometric estimation of some of the standard models of taxdiscounting has shown that consumer response to fiscal policy in Pakistan reflects neither the extreme Barro-like rational anticipation of future tax liabilities nor the Buchanan-type extreme fiscal myopia. It broadly follows a middle path between these extremes. The controversy relating to debt neutrality is quite old in economic theory. However, due to its serious and far-reaching implications for the formulation of fiscal policy and macroeconomic management, the issues of debt neutrality have assumed a foremost position in economic theoretisation and empirical testing. This controversy is based on two important questions: (a) Who bears the burden of the debt? (b) Should debt be used to finance public expenditure? The first question centres on whether the debt can be shifted forward in time, while the second question explores whether taxation is equivalent to debt in its effects on the national economy.
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Басовский, Leonid Basovskiy, Басовская, and Elena Basovskaya. "Turning point economic development of modern Russia." Economics 1, no. 1 (May 8, 2013): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/430.
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The transition of the Russian economy to grow in 1998 and studied the transition to slower growth in 2008–2009. Based on catastrophe theory shows that in 1998 and in 2008–2009 Russia’s economy was turning point in its development. After passing the turning point of 2008–2009 economy entered a period of sustainable growth retardation. Slower growth rates do not exceed the rate of growth of the world economy. The transition to slower growth generated by the policy, as reflected in federal law enacted in 2005–2011. Built econometric models, reflecting the negative impact of imperfect institution of ownership on the productivity of the economy and corporate profits, found arisen with institutional trap.
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Baykov, A. A., and V. A. Gnevasheva. "Econometric Estimates of Russia's Turn to the East." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 175–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-6-75-175-207.
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The emerging trend in Russia’s foreign policy is its reorientation from active interstate and socio-economic interaction with the states of the "collective West" to the countries that make up the Asian macroregion. The article presents the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the emerging relations between Russia and the countries of the East, namely the ASEAN countries, Northeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific region. Assuming that the prerequisites for the strengthening of such relationships between countries should be reflected in changes in trade relations, increased migration flows, and changes in policy in terms of countries' military spending, the study attempts to evaluate such changes econometrically. We use the method of constructing multiple linear regression, as well as indicators for assessing country-by-country correlation and cluster analysis. The object of the research is the countries of Northeast Asia (China, Japan, Republic of Korea); ASEAN countries (Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore); India; Australia and Oceania. The empirical base of the study is the official statistics of World Bank, SIPRI, FSGS. The findings indicate the emerging conditions for Russia's turn to the East. The analysis reveals a number of stable features indicating the possibility of modeling a reasonable predictive scenario. The proposed estimates can also be used for further study of the directions of interaction between Russia and the East, methodological and empirical clarification of the emerging relationships, determination of significant factors strengthening the noted interactions.
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Ionescu, Romeo Victor, Valentin Marian Antohi, Monica Laura Zlati, Lucian Puiu Georgescu, and Catalina Iticescu. "To a Green Economy across the European Union." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 12427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912427.
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“Is the green economy a real solution to the present economic development?” represents the main question of the present research. The paper deals with assessing the impact of innovation on the green economy and quality of life through policies promoted at the European Union (EU) level. The objectives of the paper are to assess the impact level of the policy implementation across the Member States through the research and development (R&D) process and to identify models for the development of the green economy in Europe. The applied methods are empirical and analytical based on the study of literature, econometric modeling, pivoting econometric models, trend synthesis, prioritization, and staging of policy experimentation in the Member States through data processing and statistical programs. The results consist in obtaining development models for the green economy at the EU and national levels. In conclusion, the paper contributes to the early identification of vulnerabilities that may affect the development of European strategic projects in relation to events and security breaches occurring at the EU level at any given time.
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Maslova, Vlada, Natalya Zaruk, Clemens Fuchs, and Mikhail Avdeev. "Competitiveness of Agricultural Products in the Eurasian Economic Union." Agriculture 9, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9030061.
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This article discusses the outcomes of a quantitative analysis using econometric panel data models of the competitiveness of grains in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The analysis was based on the public authorities’ statistics of EAEU countries as well as the United Nations Comtrade Database, which is a repository of official international trade statistics. The results of the analysis allowed us to assess the level of competitiveness of the agricultural products produced in EAEU countries and to determine the extent to which various factors affect the competitiveness. The research conclusions can be used to develop and adjust the agricultural policy in the EAEU.
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Cuthbert, A. L., and C. M. Dufournaud. "An Econometric Analysis of Fuelwood Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 4 (April 1998): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a300721.
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Four models are estimated to examine the consumption of fuelwood in selected countries of Sub-Saharan Africa from 1970 to 1990. Using a two-stage least squares estimation technique, we use the models to analyze the effects of income and price on fuelwood demand. Variables included in the models are income, price, and precipitation with a dummy variable based on level of development. The best model yields an income elasticity of 0.39 and a price elasticity of −0.28, indicating that fuelwood is a superior, normal good. Attending to the mounting concerns about fuelwood depletion in Sub-Saharan Africa, we feel the results provide insights for the formulation of effective energy policies. Specifically, policy measures that simultaneously address household income and fuel price are required. Increasing household income, directly with income supplements or indirectly with the provision of energy-efficient cookstoves, has the potential to decrease fuelwood consumption. Similarly, price reforms that force the price of energy to reflect its real economic cost encourage more efficient consumption.
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Sadiku, Luljeta, Merale Fetahi-Vehapi, and Murat Sadiku. "EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF INCOME TAX ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801129s.
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The existing theoretical literature advocates that tax policy plays a vital role on the economic development, principally policy that include a reduction in the rate of taxation is a dominant incentive of economic growth. In this regard, almost all Western Balkan countries cut the income tax and move to a flat tax rate in order to stimulate the employment and investment which in turn will spur the economic growth. Thus, the purpose of this research paper is to empirically examine how changes of income tax affect the economic growth of Western Balkan countries. For analysing this issue, panel econometric models are employed using yearly data for the time period 2005-2016. The estimation results reveal that the personal income tax has positive and significant impact on growth. While corporate tax has negative impact on growth in almost all models, but the coefficient is statistically insignificant. This implies that the current corporate tax rates couldn’t endow with sustainable economic growth in the sample countries.
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Басовская and Elena Basovskaya. "Impact of Human Capital, Science and Innovation on Labour Productivity in Russia." Economics 3, no. 4 (August 10, 2015): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12777.
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A program and methodology of the empirical study of the effect of human
capital, science and innovation on productivity and economic growth are
exemplified on modern Russian economy. To identify and quantify the impact of
factors related to human capital, innovation, science, labor productivity in the
country and its regions the author proposes to build econometric models using
cross-sectional data of regional statistics. It makes possible to obtain data and
forecast sizes of elasticity of labor productivity on the factors connected with
the human capital, science and innovations, the country and its regions. This
will generate a reasonable economic policy, policy of education and science
aimed at economic growth.
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Yan, Yixin, Jiliang Hu, Xiding Chen, and A. P. Senthil Kumar. "Econometric Modelling Based on Dynamic Count Regression and China Power Supply Dataset." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 28, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6864015.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally, economic data of power supply is often analyzed through the count regression model due to the type of empirical data in the decision-making process. However, in reality, it is difficult to use count data model for data with autoregressive features. The main reason is that the time series features and autoregressive attributes cannot be controlled through the count regression model, which violates the assumptions set by the model. Therefore, there may be errors in the empirical analysis results. This letter firstly describes the characteristic of the count regression model and the problem, and then we refine the multiplicative autoregressive count model for dynamic count data. The model has desirable theoretical properties and is trivial to incorporate into existing models for the count data. In this study, the multiplicative autoregressive counting model for dynamic counting data is improved. The model has ideal theoretical properties and can be easily incorporated into existing economic models of counting data, especially for power supply policy analyses.
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Basovskiy, Leonid, and Elena Basovskaya. "The Elasticity of Labor Productivity by Factors of Production in Modern Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-22-25.
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The correlation between labor productivity and indicators reflecting the influence of socio-economic and innovative factors in the regions of Russia for 2015-2018 were evaluated. For each year, according to statistics from 82 regions of Russia, econometric models are constructed that allow obtaining elasticity coefficients of labor productivity by capital-labor ratio, foreign investment, average monthly wage, income inequality, producer price index of industrial goods, export share in gross regional product. The prospects of economic policy aimed at increasing labor productivity were estimated.
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Maune, Alexander. "Trade in Services-Economic Growth Nexus: An Analysis of the Growth Impact of Trade in Services in SADC Countries." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 2(J) (May 13, 2019): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i2(j).2819.
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The article analysed the trade in services led growth in ten selected countries in the Southern African Development Community region using econometric regression models. Panel data obtained from the World Bank and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development databases for the period 1992 to 2015 was analysed. Five variables were used in the econometric analysis. The marginal effects of service and goods exports were positive while those of goods and service imports were negative and highly significant as was expected from literature. Service exports registered an impact that was almost threefold that of service imports and greater than goods exports. Policy-makers are encouraged to, clearly define their trade in service strategy and reduce or remove trade restrictions. The study is of importance to researchers, the private sector and government policymakers.
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Zatonatska, T. G., and A. V. Stavytskyy. "The influence of budget policy on economic security and socio-economic development in the Ukraine." Ekonomika 85 (January 30, 2009): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2009.0.5121.
Full textAbstract:
The consolidation of economic security of the state, its protection against all external threats should become one of the main directions in the realization of budget expenses in short-term and in long-term prospects. According to this conception, budget expenses are to finance top-priority components of economic security.Some theoretical and methodological approaches concerning the analysis of the influence of budget instruments on parameters of economic security and socio-economic development of the country are suggested.For conducting this investigation, certain econometric models with the best functional forms have been selected and analysed. The most important instruments in budget policy such as state buying, expenses for fundamental investigations, expenses for economic development and expenses for social sphere have been considered under the condition of the Ukrainian economy. The influence of budget instruments on certain parameters that characterize the economic security of the state has been worked out in detail. As a result of the investigation, the main threats for the Ukrainian economic security have been formulated and the ways out have been proposed.The authors state that in the process of the investigation almost all budget instruments have a positive influence on the level of Ukrainian economic security, they stimulate economic development and increasing of social living standards of the population.
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Басовский, Leonid Basovskiy, Басовская, and Elena Basovskaya. "The Post-Industrial Economy of Russia: Problems of Economic Policy." Economics 4, no. 3 (June 17, 2016): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19939.
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The purpose of work consisted in the assessment of development of postindustrial
economy in Russia. Creation of econometric models of the contribution
of technological mode to GDP per capita of the developed countries has allowed
establishing their efficiency. On this basis, we evaluated a contribution of the
new fifth and sixth technological modes to GDP per capita of Russia. It has been
established that in modern Russia not less than 45-55% of national production
is provided due to new post-industrial, fifth and sixth technological modes. The
economic policy in the country is answerable to the development of postindustrial
economy. It is command-and-control policy, which doesn’t promote
the development of post-industrial economy and economic growth. Major factors
of growth of post-industrial economy — the human capital formed in an education
system, and new production technologies of goods and services — do not
develop. The policy directed to formation of institutes — the laws, customs and
traditions adequate to post-industrial economic system is necessary for
overcoming the economic crisis.
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SIMIONESCU, Mihaela, and Lucian-Liviu ALBU. "THE IMPACT OF STANDARD VALUE ADDED TAX ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CEE-5 COUNTRIES: ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND SIMULATIONS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 22, no. 6 (November 23, 2016): 850–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2016.1244710.
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The value added tax (VAT), as an instrument of fiscal policy, might have an important role on economic growth. This study analyzes the impact of standard VAT rate on economic growth in five Central and Eastern European countries (CEE-5) (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania). Different types of panel data models (random effect model, dynamic panel and panel vector-autoregression) over 1995–2015 indicated a positive influence of VAT rate on economic growth. There is a bilateral Granger causality between economic growth and VAT rate. The Bayesian linear models indicate a positive effect of VAT rate on GDP rate only for Hungary. On short-run, the other countries register lower GDP rates when VAT rates increase. Some simulations of economic growth for 2016 and 2018 were made for each CEE-5 country under different assumptions regarding VAT rate values.
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V. B., Shahin, Jamila G. M., Fargana G. M., and Nazim Hajiyev. "The Impact of Oil Prices on Economic Activity: The Case of Azerbaijan." Journal of Politics and Law 14, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n2p39.
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The strategic purpose of the economic policy of Azerbaijan is to ensure sustainable growth. The external factors including oil prices in the world market and investments have a significant influence on economic activity in Azerbaijan. The relationship between oil prices and gross domestic product has been scrutinized and the sensitivity of macroeconomic indicators to oil prices has been investigated. The dependence of investment activity, including foreign investments on oil prices has been determined. In the research, econometric models have been constructed in the purpose of studying the impact of oil prices on key macroeconomic indicators from the qualitative and quantitative point of view. At the same time, a comparative analysis of oil reserves of Azerbaijan with other oil countries has been conducted. According to the results, the government should determine new and sustainable growth pillars based on risks emerged from oil price, improve economic policy and accelerate the transition to innovative high-tech models of economic development.
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Nepal, Binod, Geetha Ranmuthugala, Laurie Brown, and Marc Budge. "Modelling costs of dementia in Australia: evidence, gaps, and needs." Australian Health Review 32, no. 3 (2008): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080479.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid ageing of the Australian population, dementia has emerged as a major health and economic challenge. Consensus exists that the number of people with dementia will grow significantly because the prevalence is strongly correlated with age. However, there are substantial gaps in our understanding of the impacts on the dementia ?epidemic? of changes in non-demographic risk factors and of our knowledge of the economic implications. Only a few prevalencebased studies have been conducted to examine the health economics of dementia in Australia. These studies have suggested that considerable resources are absorbed by dementia care, yet there is a lack of integrated models that simultaneously explore epidemiologic and economic perspectives incorporating the impact of preventive and early intervention initiatives. This study reviews the current evidence on the economic implications of dementia in Australia and approaches taken to project the future costs of dementia.
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Tan, Chai-Thing, Azali Mohamed, Muzafar Shah Habibullah, and Lee Chin. "The Impacts of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand." South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance 9, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277978720906066.
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This article analyses the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand from 1980:Q1 to 2017:Q1. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is employed to determine the long-run relationship. Further, a range of econometric models, such as fully modified least squares method (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares method (DOLS), are applied to check the robustness. The results are stable and robust as all the models yield consistency result. The main findings in this study demonstrate that: (a) interest rate had a negative impact on economic growth in three selected countries. (b) Government spending had a negative impact on economic growth in Malaysia and Singapore, but had a positive impact in Thailand. (c) Monetary policy is more effective in Malaysia and Singapore, while fiscal policy is more effective in Thailand. JEL Classification: E52, E58, E62, C01
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Phạm Hồng, Mạnh, Ngọc Nguyễn Văn, and DAO HẠ THỊ THIỀU. "Relationship between Economic Growth and Employment in Vietnam." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 222 (October 1, 2014): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2014.222.07.
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The paper examines the relationship between employment and economic growth during the period 1991–2012 in Vietnam and obtains forecasts for employment from 2013 to 2020, using theories of production function for establishment of econometric models. The results show that the employment elasticities of economic growth are -0.49; 0.55 and 0.66 for agriculture, manufacturing and service sectors respectively and 1.71 for Vietnamese economy as a whole in the period. The results also indicate that an annual growth rate of 6% - 7% can help create from 55.322 to 56.243 million jobs by 2015 and from 61.739 – 64.519 million ones by 2020. Additionally, the research offers several important policy recommendations to promote economic growth and job creation in Vietnam in the next period.
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Singh, Amanjot, and Manjit Singh. "A revisit to how linkages fuel dependent economic policy initiatives." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 1068–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-08-2016-0074.
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Purpose The authors aim to report empirical linkages between the US and Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) financial stress indices catalyzing catalyzing dependent economic policy initiatives (an extended version of Singh and Singh, 2017a). Design/methodology/approach Initially, the study develops financial stress indices for the respective BRIC financial markets. Later, it captures linkages among the said US-BRIC indices by using Johansen cointegration, vector autoregression/vector error correction models (VECM), generalized impulse response functions, Toda–Yamamoto Granger causality, variance decomposition analyses and bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model under constant conditional correlation framework, in general. Markov regime switching and efficient causality tests proposed by Hill (2007) are also used. Findings Overall, there are both short-run and long-run dynamic interactions observed between the US and Indian financial stress indices. For rest of the markets, only short-run interactions are found to be in existence. The time-varying co-movement coefficients report financial contagion impact of the US financial crisis on Russian and Indian financial systems only. Contrary to this, Brazilian and Chinese financial systems are largely exhibiting interdependence with the US financial system. Efficient causality tests report indirect impact of the Russian financial system on Brazilian via auxiliary Indian financial system. Originality/value The present study is the first of its kind capturing linkages among the US-BRIC financial stress indices by using diverse econometric models. The results support different market participants and policymakers in understanding effectiveness and implementation of economic policies while considering their cross-market interactions as well.
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Prišenk, Jernej, and Jernej Turk. "Assessment of Concept between Rural Development Challenges and Local Food Systems: A Combination between Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Econometric Modelling Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 3477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063477.
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This study investigates the influence of social, economic, and environmental impacts on the promotion and marketing systems of local food products from mountain areas in Slovenia. These impacts were assessed using an econometric modelling approach. Two econometric models were developed (one for production and one for marketing). The case studies of local food products were selected from Slovenian mountain regions, most of which were from less-favored areas (LFAs). A majority of the selected food commodities were of high quality, with or without protected designations. Data collection was carried out via interviews. Due to production limitation on mountain areas in Slovenia and other constraints in LFAs, the socio-economic and environmental impacts on success of production and marketing systems need to be clarified. These relations present a potential impact on the wider socio-economic development in the region. The empirical results, obtained using an econometric modelling approach, clearly show the importance of encouraging the socio-economic and environmental impacts in ensuring the marketing and production potentials of local food products. The result express good relationships, and cooperation between the actors in the food supply chains contributing to a successful marketing system and production system of local food products (small, average, large) is dependent on the available local labour in mountain rural areas.
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UZLAU, MARILENA CARMEN, NICOLAE MIHAILESCU, CORINA MARIA ENE, CONSTANTIN AURELIAN IONESCU, LILIANA PASCHIA, NICOLETA LUMINITA GUDANESCU NICOLAU, MIHAELA DENISA COMAN, and SORINA GEANINA STANESCU. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMETRIC INDICATORS IN THE FIELD OF TAX ADMINISTRATION IN SEVEN STATES OF EUROPEAN UNION." Journal of Science and Arts 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46939/j.sci.arts-20.3-a15.
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The mathematical analysis presented in this study identifies models of the dynamics of total tax collections and social contributions per inhabitant according to the gross domestic product per inhabitant from 2009 to 2018 for seven states in Eastern Europe by linear regression equations. The models are statistically confirmed as viable models because the required conditions for formulating this assessment are met. This study has the value and usefulness of preventive information for the correction and substantiation of individual governmental and community decisions, in order to homogenize both from the point of view of the fiscal behavior of each state and the point of view of economic development, in correlation with a financial and budgetary policy to maintain macroeconomic balances and economic stability.
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RATNER, Svetlana V., and Valerii V. IOSIFOV. "Tools for practical implementation of climate policy in transport: Econometric analysis of global experience." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 2272–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.12.2272.
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Subject. The article addresses the standards for greenhouse gas emissions that are currently considered as an effective tool for stimulating the development of alternative transport technologies. However, quantitative evaluation of their effectiveness is not available, which is partially explained by the lack of statistical information from different countries. Objectives. The purpose is to build econometric models of the influence of these standards on the electric car market development. Methods. The annual reports of the International Energy Agency on the development of the electric car market and the data of the Global EV Data Explorer statistics center serve as the information base of the study. We analyzed time series for indicators of sales of electric cars in different countries and built mixed models, considering the auto-regression component, which helps describe the internal dynamics of the electric car market. Results. The obtained regression coefficients in models for various countries can be used as interval evaluations for forecasting the growth of electric car sales in Russia, given the necessary conditions for developing a charging infrastructure and creating a system of incentives to match the cost of electric cars to that of traditional vehicles. Conclusions. These interval evaluations may be useful for further decisions on the development of charging infrastructure, planning for resource use for electricity generation, calculating optimal subsidy or tax relief to support electric cars, evaluating the economic consequences of introducing the new standards on CO2 emissions, etc.
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Khan, Ashfaque H. "Ashok Parikh. The Estimation and Forecasting of Trade Shares. Bangkok: United Nations Publication, 1986.344 pp.(Development Papers No.5)." Pakistan Development Review 28, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v28i2pp.168-170.
Full textAbstract:
Macro-econometric' models have proved their worth as tools of intelligent policy-making in a large number of countries where the required data are reasonably good. Hence, despite lingering doubts cast by the rational-expectations school about its utility for macro-economic management, macro-econometric model building has continued unabated. It is, however, well known that national econometric models tell an incomplete story about the international linkages of national economies. Even though every respectable national model contains foreign trade equations, the country-Wide macro-models do not contain the equations to permit the model-builders to incorporate explicit1y the inter-country linkages. It was this realization that led to the creation of Project LINK at the University of Pennsylvania in 1968 under the supervision of Professor Lawrence Klein. Similar efforts are also being pursued by the ESCAP Secretariat thrOUgh Project Asian SUb-Unk to promote a better understanding of the extent of interdependence among the economies of the region. Lately the Asian and Pacific Development Centre, (APDC) in collaboration with the Pakistan Ipstitute of Development Economics (PIDE), has undertaken similar efforts to link the economies of South Asian countries to promote a better understanding of the extent of interdependence through international trade among the economies of the region.
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Słaba – Wiącek, Marcelina. "Checking econometric models in times of market and consumer change." VUZF Review 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.22.2.13.
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The aim of the article is to present the checking of econometric models in times of market and consumer changes. The development of the SFP balance, the budget deficit against real GDP in the years 2010-2019 and the debt forecast for the years 2021-2024 are presented here. It can be noted that different factors in different countries shape the budget balance. In 2009, the Baltic States were in the most difficult situation. The budget deficit and real GDP in Poland mean that a large part of the deficits in the economic situation is subordinated here. This shows that it is not cyclical factors that are behind it, but factors related to fiscal policy. The biggest problem was the problem in which the global financial crisis began and our deficits began to increase rapidly. The source of coverage had to be found. An additional problem was the pension reform related to OFE when we did not see it in the deficit, but we still had to incur a debt for funds transferred to OFE about PLN 20 billion per year. There was an idea to take some of these funds out of the sector. The pandemic has cast a shadow over our finances. The strategy prepared before the pandemic assumed that public debt would increase in nominal terms, but there would also be a significant decrease in relative terms to GDP. The flexibility that took place in 2015 caused that there was an expenditure expansion in Poland, and this consequently led to the appearance of the "gluttony effect". In Poland, there was a high increase in GDP, but Poles spent more, which made Poles "overeat" this increase. In addition, we are glad that we have a high GDP, and in fact it is falsified by inflation.
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Többen, Johannes Reinhard, Martin Distelkamp, Britta Stöver, Saskia Reuschel, Lara Ahmann, and Christian Lutz. "Global Land Use Impacts of Bioeconomy: An Econometric Input–Output Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14041976.
Full textAbstract:
Many countries have set ambiguous targets for the development of a bioeconomy that not only ensures sufficient production of high-quality foods but also contributes to decarbonization, green jobs and reducing import dependency through biofuels and advanced biomaterials. However, feeding a growing and increasingly affluent world population and providing additional biomass for a future bioeconomy all within planetary boundaries constitute an enormous challenge for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Global economic models mapping the complex network of global supply such as multiregional input–output (MRIO) or computable general equilibrium (CGE) models have been the workhorses to monitor the past as well as possible future impacts of the bioeconomy. These approaches, however, have often been criticized for their relatively low amount of detail on agriculture and energy, or for their lack of an empirical base for the specification of agents’ economic behavior. In this paper, we address these issues and present a hybrid macro-econometric model that combines a comprehensive mapping of the world economy with highly detailed submodules of agriculture and the energy sector in physical units based on FAO and IEA data. We showcase the model in a case study on the future global impacts of the EU’s bioeconomy transformation and find small positive economic impacts at the cost of a considerable increase in land use mostly outside of Europe.
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Antioch, K. M., and M. K. Walsh. "Risk-adjusted capitation funding models for chronic disease in Australia: alternatives to casemix funding." European Journal of Health Economics 3, no. 2 (June 2002): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-002-0096-7.
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Abuselidze, George. "The Impact of Banking Competition on Economic Growth and Financial Stability: An Empirical Investigation." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n1p203.
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The paper examines the level of competition in banking market using different econometric models and analyzes the impact of efficiency of the banking system on the economic growth of the country. The research discusses to ensure banking competition as a function of the Central Bank. Also, the paper includes some recommendations developed to improve banking competition. Our hypothesis is that the existence of high levels of banking competition and low concentration in the banking market balances the speed of money supply in the economic sector. As a result, the Central Bank's monetary policy will be more effective in achieving its core objectives. Therefore, banking competition contributes to the economic growth of the country. In addition, the monetary policy of the Central Bank concentrates on financial stability, which is one of the fundamental factors in the economic development of a country.
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Hasan, M. Aynul. "A Rational Expectations Macro-econometric Model of Pakistan's Monetary Policy since 1970s." Pakistan Development Review 26, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v26i4pp.513-527.
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Since April 1985 the operations of the entire financial sector in Pakistan have been transformed into a system which is expected to conform to the laws of 1slamic society. Under this system all banks and other financial institutions are supposed to conduct their borrowing and lending according to an interest free Islamic financial system, except for past commitments which may have been carried over in accordance with original commitments! With this rapid transition towards the interest free banking system in Pakistan, the present decade has witnessed the emergence of the State Bank of Pakistan as a key participant in the area of policy formation. Indeed, the greater participation of the governor and the bank has given rise to a considerable amount of discussion and debate over Pakistan's monetary policy among the academics and politicians at home and abroad. To a large extent, this discussion and analysis has been essentially descriptive, being based upon casual observations rather than tightly formulated econometric models. From the viewpoint of understanding Pakistan's economy over the 1970s and 1980s within the framework of a complete macro model, there is a growing need to empirically establish the mechanisms of monetary policy in Pakistan and to determine its impact on such macro-economic variables as real output and employment.
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Lasoń, Aleksandra, and Andrzej Torój. "Anti-liberal, anti-establishment or constituency-driven? Spatial econometric analysis of polish parliamentary election results in 2015." European Spatial Research and Policy 26, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 199–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.26.2.10.
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We investigated the spatial variation patterns of voting results in Polish parliamentary election in 2015 across 380 regions. That election was a milestone event in Polish politics that substantially affected Poland’s internal and foreign policy directions and promoted two emerging political parties as runners-up against the well-established ones. While socio-economic, cultural and geographical factors such as economic activity, historical legacies (post-Russian East vs post-German West) and economic dichotomies (cities vs the countryside) explain most variations for most parties, they do not appeared to fit as determinants of the new parties’ support, especially of right-wing populists. Demographic target groups of individual parties appear to be relatively unresponsive to their pre-election offerings. The spatial specification of econometric models considerably improves their statistical properties. We also examined mixed-W models to account for the unobservable spatial effects stemming from the construction of constituencies. Their distinctive sets of candidates added significantly to the explanation of the spatial variation in voting.
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Ma, Tao, and Xiaoxi Cao. "Spatial Econometric Study on the Impact of Industrial Upgrading on Green Total Factor Productivity." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 16, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1133340.
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Under the background of high-quality development led by the new development concept in China, it is imperative to change the development mode, optimize the economic structure, and transform the driving force, and industrial upgrading is the necessary way to promote the optimization of the industrial structure and achieve high-quality economic development. Based on data covering 284 prefecture-level cities in China, this paper first calculates the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of each prefecture-level city and then constructs three spatial econometric models (SLM, SEM, and SDM) based on four spatial weight matrices to empirically analyze the impact of industrial upgrading on GTFP. The results show that the GTFP of all cities in China shows a fluctuating upward trend and significant spatial spillover effect. Both full-sample and regional heterogeneity tests show that industrial upgrading can promote growth in GTFP, but the promoting effect on different regions is different. Regarding the control variables, GTFP has an inverted U-shaped relationship with economic development; additionally, human capital and financial development play a driving role in GTFP, while population density plays a restraining role. Finally, based on the empirical findings, we propose a multipronged policy of differentiated industrial policy and a variety of complementary measures to promote GTFP growth.
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Simon, Gyorgy. "Factors and problems of economic growth in Hungary, Russia and Serbia." Medjunarodni problemi 62, no. 2 (2010): 195–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1002195s.
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The paper presents an analysis of the main characteristics of growth mechanism in three transitional economies - Hungary, Russia and Serbia. The author searches for an answer to the question what fundamental factors, internal and international, determined the long-term growth of the national economies in these countries from the early 1960s to the present global crisis. Wherever it was possible, he made comparisons between the pretransition and transition periods. Applying the models of mathematical economics, the author carried out an econometric investigation to prove his hypothesis on the system effect of market reforms. He pointed out that market reforms, which were implemented consequently and combined with a growth-oriented economic policy, could substantially contribute to the attainment of better performance.
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Ferreira, João J., Cristina Fernandes, and Vanessa Ratten. "Environmental-related patent technology transfer effectiveness." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 14, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-10-2017-0079.
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PurposeEnvironmental-related technology transfer is increasingly being viewed as a policy issue and a business goal to be pursued by countries in order to increase their global competitiveness. Despite this policy importance, the research analysing environmental-related technology transfer comparing international rates of participation is limited. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyse the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data using econometric analysis to compare environmental-related technology patents between Portugal and Australia in terms of environmental management, water-related adaptation, and climate change mitigation.FindingsThe results suggest that environmental-related patents, in turn, are always registered in greater numbers by Australia than by Portugal but with both countries outpaced by the OECD average.Research limitations/implicationsThe research implications are that Australia has more international cooperation around the development of environmental-related technology patents than Portugal.Practical implicationsThe authors find that overall these patents do not have any statistically significant effect on predicting gross domestic product growth but there has been a higher number of patents for Australia focusing on water-related adaptation technology than for Portugal, which may be a result of policies aimed at increasing effective use of water in Australia.Originality/valueThe results of the analysis suggest that the OECD member state cooperation increases the number of environmental-related technology patents and serves as a mechanism to facilitate internationalisation.