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Journal articles on the topic 'Australia – Armed Forces – Women'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 24 January 2023

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1

Moore, Brenda L. "Introduction to Armed Forces & Society." Armed Forces & Society 43, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x17694909.

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This Armed Forces & Society issue is on women in the contemporary armed forces in the United States and other nations to include the South African National Defense Force and the Australian Defense Force. This issue contains a collection of nine papers, each reviewing a current aspect of women serving in the military since the post–Vietnam War Era. There are also two review essays of Megan Mackenzie’s book, Beyond the Band of Brothers: The US Military and the Myth That Women Can’t Fight. An overview of changing laws and the expanding role of women in the military is provided in this introduction, as well as summaries of the nine articles, and comments on the two book reviews mentioned above.

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2

No authorship indicated. "Review of Life in the Rank and File: Enlisted Men and Women in the Armed Forces of the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 32, no. 3 (March 1987): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/026953.

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3

Helm, Ann. "Book Review: Life in the Rank and File: Enlisted Men and Women in the Armed Forces of the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom." Armed Forces & Society 14, no. 2 (January 1988): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x8801400211.

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4

Skjelsbæk, Inger, and Torunn L. Tryggestad. "Women in the Norwegian Armed Forces." Minerva Journal of Women and War 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2009): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3172/min.3.2.34.

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5

Tsvelev, Y. V., V. G. Abashin, and V. F. Bezhenar'. "Medical and social problems of the military service of women." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 54, no. 1 (June 1, 2005): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd81603.

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The reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces) in the current unfavorable demographic situation is accompanied by the involvement of a significant number of women in all types and branches of the armed forces in various positions associated mainly with the specialties of military humanitarian, medical, engineering, legal and other profiles.

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Shalupenko, E. "Women in the Armed Forces of Pakistan." Азия и Африка сегодня, no. 5 (May 2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750004748-4.

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Perepolkin, Serhii M., Valentyna O. Boniak, Vitalii A. Zavhorodnii, Tetiana L. Syroid, and Liudmyla A. Filianina. "Gender equality in states’ armed forces." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S4 (November 23, 2021): 1938–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1882.

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The article aims to disclose the most common challenges faced by women during military service based on the results of the gender equality state’s analysis in the armed forces of various states and to develop suggestions for their solution. The use of the comparative method allowed to compare the existing doctrinal approaches to the women’s gender equality concept in the modern states’ armed forces, to determine the quantitative rates of women’s service in the armed forces of various states, and to analyze the most common challenges faced by women servicemen in the time of service. To solve gender inequalities in the armed forces, their Ministries of Defense should introduce measures promoting women’s rights in the armed forces. Successful implementation of this goal requires the solution of a number of tasks, including the eradication of the following cases: unprofessional behavior; bullying; morally outdated double and inconsistent standards’ application; sexual harassment and assaults on women; the application of any stereotypes based on the violation of women’s equal rights to serve in the armed forces on par with men, etc.

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8

O'Neil, Allan. "Coutts v Commonwealth of Australia." Federal Law Review 16, no. 2 (June 1986): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x8601600204.

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Natural justice — Judicial review — Armed forces — Air force officer — Power to dismiss where appointment held at pleasure — Governor-General in Council — Air Force Regulations 1927 (Cth) regulations 72(1), 628(1)

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Duggins, R. K. "Aeronautical Engineering Education for the Armed Forces." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 206, no. 2 (July 1992): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_250_02.

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A discussion is given of the arrangements that have been made for aeronautical and aerospace engineering education of members of the armed forces in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, West Germany and Australia. A striking feature of the comparisons is shown to be the extent of the differences in the arrangements in the various countries. A less detailed and less rigorous version of the paper was presented at the Aerotech 92 conference (1).

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10

Hoiberg, Anne, and Jack F. White. "Health Status of Women in the Armed Forces." Armed Forces & Society 18, no. 4 (July 1992): 514–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x9201800405.

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11

Ishaq, Mohammed, and Asifa Hussain. "Ethnic minority women and the British armed forces." Policy Studies 25, no. 3 (September 2004): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144287012000277471.

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12

Esuruku, RS. "Beyond Masculinity: Gender, Conflict and Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Northern Uganda." Journal of Science and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (June 12, 2013): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jssd.v4i1.3.

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Masculinity and femininity debates of armed conflict in Africa have always regarded men as fighters and women as passive victims of war. The exclusion of women from the armed forces in most traditional societies originated from the assumption that women are a weaker sex and therefore cannot manage military life. Nevertheless, women in Uganda have voluntarily joined the armed forces, while some of them have been abducted and forcefully recruited into the rebel forces. Notwithstanding the central role women have played in the armed conflict in Northern Uganda, they have been side-lined in the processes of peace negotiation and post conflict reconstruction ofthe region. This paper looks at how masculinity is manipulated in conflict and the role women have played in the conflict, peace process and post conflict reconstruction in Northern Uganda.Keywords · Gender · Post-conflict reconstruction · Transitional justice

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13

Cameron, Paul, Kirk Cameron, and Kay Proctor. "Homosexuals in the Armed Forces." Psychological Reports 62, no. 1 (February 1988): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.1.211.

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To assess possible morale and recruiting problems that might be associated with changing the military policy against admitting or retaining homosexual practitioners, a national systematic area-cluster sample of 4,340 adults and a Dallas sample of 842 were given a questionnaire concerning (1) feelings about nudity before homosexuals and heterosexuals, (2) military service and kind of discharge, (3) sharing communal facilities with homosexuals, (4) having a homosexual commanding officer, (5) having to depend upon a homosexual while under attack, (6) whether a change in policy would affect advice regarding joining the military, and (7) their opinion of current military policy. Consistent with other studies on the issue, 31% of homosexual versus 4% of heterosexual men reported less than honorable discharges. About three-quarters of the sample reported that, when disrobed, they were averse to being seen by homosexuals. About two-thirds of the men who had served, a majority of men who had not served, about a third of the women, and a minority of homosexuals felt that homosexuals should be excluded from or discharged from the military.

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14

Tait, Victoria. "Regendering the Canadian Armed Forces." Atlantis 41, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1076197ar.

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Although feminist scholars agree that there exists a systemic relationship between masculinity and militarism, the exact contours of that relationship are debatable. Most feminists argue that as a primary goal, the women’s movement ought to seek approaches for the abolition of militarism, rather than using women’s participation in the military as a means of enhancing gender equality. Despite admonitions about the dangers of pursuing gender equality through military service, feminists must also weigh these concerns against women’s advances within the military and the use of the military in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, both of which are essential to the Women, Peace and Security agenda. This article therefore turns a critical feminist lens on theories of military re-gendering. I explore whether military organizations that have traditionally valorized militarized masculinity can be transformed—both at an individual and systemic level—to embrace an egalitarian iteration of masculinity and contribute to a more peaceable international system. To examine the possibility of regendering in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), I review 17 interviews that I conducted with members of the CAF from 2017-2018 using theories of military regendering. My analysis indicates that servicemembers are engaging in critical examination of the military’s gender culture, and their position within that culture. By critically engaging with questions about the relationship between gender and militarism, military personnel may be participating in the incremental—and fragile—process of improving the gender culture of the CAF.

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Kaur, Mukhwinder. "Employment of Women in Indian and Hungarian Armed Forces : A Comparative Study." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 15, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2016.2.6.

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The establishment of armed forces has roots deep in history, times when the proportion in men in arms of any country was higher than that of women. Nowadays in most countries women have equal rights to participate in almost all the working sectors of any nation. However, the participation of women in the Indian Army was initiated in 1992 whereas it was founded in 1895. In the 19th century women got their place in defense forces with a limited quota to serve. This paper will deal with female recruitment issues in the armed forces of India and Hungary.

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Waschefort, Gus. "Implications of Children’s Rights for Military Justice in the Context of Members of the Armed Forces Younger than the Age of Eighteen." Journal of International Peacekeeping 20, no. 3-4 (August 17, 2016): 275–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-02003008.

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A number of States lawfully enlist persons younger than eighteen (but at least sixteen) into their national armed forces. While such enlistment is consistent with the relevant States’ international law obligations, a number of additional obligations are triggered that the State owes towards the child enlistee by virtue of international children’s rights. This article engages with these additional obligations as they apply to child members of the armed forces who are in conflict with the law. In particular, focus is placed on States that maintain a separate and distinct military justice system, and the examples of Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom are relied upon for illustrative purposes. In order to properly engage with State obligations, in this regard, the article also endeavors to address the nature of the duty of care owed by the armed forces in respect of child members.

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Tam-Seto, Linna. "Role of mentoring for women in the Canadian Armed Forces." Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 8, s1 (April 1, 2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0059.

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LAY SUMMARY In Canada, mentoring has been used in the armed forces to support women’s careers and personal development, but there is little evidence that the unique experiences of being a woman in the military have been considered in mentoring efforts. The current study aims to find reasons why servicewomen are using mentorship in the Canadian Armed Forces and to identify the gender and cultural factors that may play a role in those mentoring experiences. This article presents some of the findings from 28 interviews that explored the experiences of mentorship for women in the military. For women, career development advice includes learning how to manage personal responsibilities along with career objectives. Women are also looking for support to address issues related to gender and military culture, kinship and visibility, and surviving sexual trauma in the workplace. The current study provides a foundation for ongoing research and forms a basis on which future mentorship work can be built.

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18

JAMES, WILLIAM H. "Ectopic pregnancies in women associated with the US armed forces." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 3, no. 4 (October 1989): 472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00535.x.

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19

Ivarsson, Sophia, Armando X. Estrada, and Anders W. Berggren. "Understanding Men’s Attitudes Toward Women in the Swedish Armed Forces." Military Psychology 17, no. 4 (January 2005): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327876mp1704_2.

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20

Carreiras, Helena. "Women in the Portuguese Armed Forces: From Visibility to `Eclipse'." Current Sociology 50, no. 5 (September 2002): 687–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392102050005005.

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21

WIGGINS, ELLSWORTH E., and BETTE J. SOLDWEDEL. "Increasing Technological Employment Opportunities for Women in the Armed Forces." Journal of Employment Counseling 26, no. 1 (March 1989): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.1989.tb00928.x.

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22

Gevorgyan, Mariam. "Women in the Military Sphere: Some Issues of Social Adaptationilitary Sphere." Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University 11, no. 2 (32) (December 21, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2020.11.2.040.

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Since the 1970s, feminist movements and the recognition of gender equality as one of the basic human rights, as well as a number of other legal, socio-political changes in the armed forces have recorded significant structural changes that have provided the “weaker sex” with wider access to this area. The article deals with issues related to the dynamic processes of social integration of women in the army environment. Based on the analysis of a number of models of their involvement in the armed forces, the main factors influencing the stage-by-stage processes of such involvement in this specific area are presented.

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23

Jevtović-Čanović, Sanja, and Ksenija Đurić-Atanasievski. "Media image of women in the Ministry of Defense and the Serbian Armed Forces." Vojno delo 72, no. 1 (2020): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2001005j.

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The way media and journalism present and deal with certain topics can firmly reflect the dominant opinion on questions important in society. This paper examines the way media describes women in the Serbian Armed Forces. The authors postulate that the positive publicity in the media can contribute to achieving greater equality, as well as encouraging woman to choose military professions, while simultaneously improving the public image of the Serbian Armed Forces. This research covers items published in print and electronic Serbian media spanning from 2016. to 2018. Our research demonstrates that women in the Serbian Armed Forces are consistently present at the same percentage of the total amount of public reporting on military news and topics. Such result is a reflection of the societal acceptance of female enrolment in the Military Academy more than a decade ago, coupled with the implementation of two national Action Plans under the UN Security Councilˊs Resolution 1325 - Women, Peace and Security in the Republic of Serbia. It is the opinion of the authors that the image of women in traditionally male - dominant professions, such as the military, is viewed as positive. The majority of articles on women in the Army are noted to be issued during either highly publicized events, such as the promotion ceremony for the youngest officers of the Serbian Armed Forces in front of the National Assembly in Belgrade or during advertisements for enrolment in Military Schools and voluntary conscription. Overall, the image and role of women in the Army is viewed as more positive compared to articles of women in general and in other professions in Serbia. The results of this research have also indicated that some stereotyping exists, relating to the representation of women in media. Further improvements can be directed towards diversifying topics on women with the active support of the military establishment itself.

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Gobbichi, Alessandro. "Women in the Italian Armed Forces: Being Professional as Integration Criterion." Les Champs de Mars N�11, no. 1 (2002): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lcdm1.011.0217.

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Pettersson, Lena, Alma Persson, and Anders W. Berggren. "Changing Gender Relations: Women Officers' Experiences in the Swedish Armed Forces." Economic and Industrial Democracy 29, no. 2 (May 2008): 192–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x07088541.

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26

Szvircsev Tresch, TIBOR. "CHALLENGES IN RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION IS THERE A SOLUTION?" CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, VOLUME 2018, ISSUE 20/2 (June 15, 2018): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.20.2.02.

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The recruitment and retention of well-qualified military personnel are essential for any armed forces. This is even more true because most armed forces in Europe have shifted from a conscript-based to an all-volunteer format. Based on presentations and discussions during the 14th ERGOMAS Conference in Athens, Greece, June 26-30, 2017, this special publication of Contemporary Military Challenges focuses on the challenges of recruiting and retaining interested young people in the armed forces. In the ERGOMAS Working Group “Recruitment and Retention”, chaired by Tibor Szvircsev Tresch, 20 papers from different researchers were presented. In the five conference sessions on this issue, we had interesting discussions on various related topics. Session 1 dealt with the subject of minorities in the armed forces, and especially how they can be integrated and how they can participate in the system. In the next session, recruitment and retention in the reserve forces stood as the theme of the presentations. Politics and the military: mutual influence and the effect on military personnel was the topic of session 3, and session 4 analysed the motivational factors and reasons for attrition. The last session focused attention on recruitment and retention strategies. From these five sessions we were able to choose five presentations from all of these topics to adapt as journal articles. In the five articles offered in this journal, recruitment and retention are broadly discussed in historical terms and also based on the most recent research results. In military sociology research has generally addressed the recruitment of volunteers into the active force, but the reserve components and the conscription system should also be reviewed in detail. This special issue also analyzes reserve forces and conscription systems with regard to recruitment and retention. In the past not much attention has been paid to the topic of recruitment and retention in Europe. This was also true during the time of the Cold War for the conscript-based armed forces; the recruitment of new personnel was guaranteed by the conscript system. The advantages of this system were that the conscripted young men (in Europe only men were obliged to enter the armed forces; for women this was on a volunteer basis, and in some countries it was even forbidden for women to join the armed forces, or they could join only in auxiliary positions) could be socialized during their military service and also convinced that a professional military position could be a career for them. In other words, through the conscript system the armed forces were able to win new personnel who could imagine staying in the armed forces as long-term employees. One consequence of this was that the armed forces did not have to recruit new personnel on the free job market. The ‘in-house’ recruiting system provided by conscription was in most cases sufficient to catch enough personnel and – very importantly – well-qualified staff. But with the end of the Cold War and new missions, armed forces had to cover new tasks. These new tasks also required, on the one hand, personnel who were able and willing to stay abroad for a longer time, and on the other hand, new skills to cope with the new circumstances in the missions abroad. With the conflicts in the 1990s such as the Gulf War, the Somali Civil War with the United Missions UNOSMO I and II, the Bosnian War and the Kosovo War with the involvement of NATO, Western European armed forces had huge problems sending qualified personnel to these crises. Paradoxically the European armed forces were at that time much bigger in the number of soldiers than they are today, but in almost every country it was forbidden to send conscripted soldiers on missions abroad. Therefore the situation was that after the end of the Cold War these armed forces were not fit for the new tasks. Through the experience gained within these missions, a process of multi-nationalization and professionalization took place in the European armed forces. Multi-nationalization meant that it was more important for many states to join alliances, especially NATO. In a multi-national framework the aspect of greater interoperability between different armed forces was given heed. This led to more professional structures. This structural change is strongly reflected in the number of armed forces that have suspended conscription. In 1990, just four out of 26 European countries had an all-volunteer force, i.e. no conscription system. Today, most European states have switched to an all-volunteer format for their armed forces. This situation has altered the manning system. The flow of newly conscripted recruits disappeared, and personnel had to be found on the free market. At the same time as the armed forces were changing from conscript-based mass armies to leaner all-volunteer forces, civil society was engaged in a process of changing values. Traditional values such as obedience, discipline, and subordination became less significant for young people, and values such as autonomy and self-determination were esteemed much more. Some reasons for this were urbanization, an increasing level of education, and greater differentiation and specialization in the working environment. This led to a discrepancy between civil values that focus on the individual, and military values, which refer to the group dimension. At the moment the consequences of this process can be seen in the difficulty recruiting military personnel in sufficient quantity and quality. Questions related to human resources have become existential for armed forces; not only filling positions in the armed forces, but also adapting them to the new missions in a multicultural environment requires the urgent efforts of human resources development. Attention is now directed towards widening the recruitment pool. Women and young people with a migrant background should complement the traditional recruitment profile of a young, white male. Or in other words, the new recruiting targets must be on an equal footing with the old traditional recruitment basis. With that in mind the European armed forces must alter their recruitment outlook so that they will be attractive to these new target groups. The papers and research presented in this journal may help to broaden the understanding of this new recruitment and retention process. Have a good read!

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27

Kalagin, Yurii. "Gender aspect of personality typology of service men of the Armed forces of Ukraine." Ukrainian society 2013, no. 3 (2013): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2013.03.044.

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The paper presents the main results of sociological research devoted to the study of the gender in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The study was conducted at the department of psychology and pedagogy of Kharkov University of the Air Force named Kozhedub in 2012–2013 years. Analysis of the results of the study showed that the Armed Forces of Ukraine prevails harmonious type of soldier-women. It is characterized by a balance of professional and social structure in social and professional potential of the individual.

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28

Draper, C. I. A. D. "THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE ARMED FORCES." Military Law and the Law of War Review 26, no. 4 (December 1987): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.1987.04.03.

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29

Willman, Antony, and Kate King. "Serving through the perimenopause: Experiences of women in the UK Armed Forces." Maturitas 169 (March 2023): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.01.003.

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30

Dimou, Antonia. "Advancing Women in Peace And Security." Security science journal 2, no. 1 (August 5, 2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.2.1.2.

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Overcoming gender bias has been increasingly important to counter ongoing threats to national and international security. The article focus on the institutional framework that exists for the participation of women in peace and security at the United Nations and NATO levels. It expands to the success story of women’s inclusiveness in the Jordanian armed forces, as well as to the challenges of health security, and concludes with a set of concrete policy recommendations.

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Sikorskyi, Oleksandr, and A. Alexandrova. "LEGAL REGULATION OF GENDER EQUALITY IN THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE." Scientific Notes Series Law 1, no. 9 (2020): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2020-1-9-150-157.

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In the modern civilized world, the ideas of gender equality are actively developed and implemented in all spheres of public life. Ukraine does not stand aside from these processes. Although, unfortunately, there are still some spheres of public life in our country, which are traditionally considered "purely masculine". Until recently, military service remained one of these areas. However, in the last decade (especially after the beginning of the aggression by the Russian Federation), the processes of implementing gender equality policy in the field of public administration, including in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, have intensified. In particular, there have been significant changes in the legal regulation of relevant issues, there is an active process of formation of state institutions designed to monitor the observance of gender equality and non-discrimination on the grounds of sex. There are a number of different international legal acts in the world that determine the equality of women and men, and Ukrainian legislation is based on this international experience. However, the situation with the creation of real conditions for service in the Armed Forces for women servicemen on an equal footing with male servicemen is far from ideal and therefore requires changes in current legislation and improvement of the mechanism for gender equality in the service of women in the Armed Forces. contradictory aspects in this area. there are different approaches to the definition of the terms "gender", "gender equality", etc. The Ukrainian national legal system, ie the system of its normative legal acts, operates with the concept of "gender equality". Active research on gender equality in various fields of research began in the second half of the twentieth century, but movements for equal rights for men and women began much earlier. In Ukraine, there is a historical tradition when a woman held a fairly high status in the family, society, they played an active role in the economy and so on.

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Korolczuk, Adam. "Transformacja Sił Zbrojnych RP 1999-2014. Aspekt finansowy." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 3 (November 23, 2016): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2016.3.8.

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The last decade of 20th century as well as last 15 years were two frames of time where armed forces went under major transformation. Since 1999 almost all fields of regulations in Polish Army has been changed: organizational culture, professionalization of staff, drafting of women, procedures, technologies, armament and training. In spite of the above, some changes are still under debate, concerning mainly organizational structures, economic and political conditioning of its functioning. Transformation in military aspect has a special meaning, and due to universal coverage it is interpret in many different ways. Colloquially transformation identifies change and alteration, therefore we can differentiate political or system transformation and on the other hand military or Armed Forces. The objective of this article is to describe transformation process of the Polish Armed Forces, since Poland became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, indication of important changes concerning professionalization, budget structure, financing and military expenditures of the Ministry of National Defense, as well as analysis of technical modernization process.

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Alele, Faith, Bunmi Malau-Aduli, Aduli Malau-Aduli, and Melissa Crowe. "Systematic review of gender differences in the epidemiology and risk factors of exertional heat illness and heat tolerance in the armed forces." BMJ Open 10, no. 4 (April 2020): e031825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031825.

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ObjectivesThis review aimed to describe the epidemiology of all heat-related illnesses in women compared with men in the armed forces and to identify gender-specific risk factors and differences in heat tolerance.DesignA systematic review of multiple databases (MEDLINE, Emcare, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Informit and Scopus) was conducted from the inception of the databases to 1 April 2019 using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines.Eligibility criteriaAll relevant studies investigating and comparing heat illness and heat tolerance in women and men in the armed forces were included in the review.ResultsTwenty-four studies were included in the systematic review. The incidence of heat stroke in women ranged from 0.10 to 0.26 per 1000 person-years, while the incidence of heat stroke ranged from 0.22 to 0.48 per 1000 person-years in men. The incidence of other heat illnesses in women compared with men ranged from 1.30 to 2.89 per 1000 person-years versus 0.98 to 1.98 per 1000 person-years. The limited evidence suggests that women had a greater risk of exertional heat illness compared with men. Other gender-specific risk factors were slower run times and body mass index. Although there was a higher proportion of women who were heat intolerant compared with men, this finding needs to be interpreted with caution due to the limited evidence.ConclusionThe findings of this review suggest that men experienced a slightly higher incidence of heat stroke than women in the armed forces. In addition, the limited available evidence suggests that a higher proportion of women were heat intolerant and being a female was associated with a greater risk of exertional heat illnesses. Given the limited evidence available, further research is required to investigate the influence of gender differences on heat intolerance and heat illness.

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Stevenson, Joan M., Janice M. Deakin, George M. Andrew, John M. Thomson, J. Timothy Bryant, and J. Terry Smith. "Development of Physical Fitness Standards for Canadian Armed Forces Older Personnel." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 19, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h94-005.

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The purpose of the study was to develop a minimum physical fitness standard for Canadian Forces personnel, 35 years and older, based on common criteria for physically demanding tasks. A random sample of 100 men and 76 women performed the Exercise Prescription (EXPRES) test and five physically demanding tasks that simulate common military tasks, while restricted, for safety reasons, to 90% maximal predicted heart rate. Results indicated poor predictive power, as variances ranged from 5 to 55% between EXPRES fitness scores and task performance. With approval from an expert panel, the 75th percentile score for each task was selected as the cutting criterion. The passing-group data were converted to Z-scores in order to determine the 5th percentile from each EXPRES item: these scores became the EXPRES fitness standard. The minimum fitness standard had a greater impact on women than on men but was representative of the passing groups for both sexes. Key words: occupational selection standards, employee selection, personnel selection, screening, job related performance tests

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Evdokimov, V. I., and P. P. Sivashchenko. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DISMISSAL FOR HEALTH REASONS IN MILITARY PERSONNEL OF THE NAVY AND OTHER BRANCHES OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (2003-2018)." Marine Medicine 5, no. 4 (November 29, 2019): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2019-5-4-44-65.

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Introduction. Excessive stress on the functional reserves of the body of military personnel can lead to persistent health disorders, disability and dismissal from the Armed Forces of Russia. Aim. Compare the dismissal for health reasons in the military personnel of the Navy of Russia and the Russian Armed Forces in 2003–2018. by categories of military personnel. Material and methods. We conducted a statistical analysis of medical reports on the health status of personnel and medical service activity according to Form 3/MED in military units with a sample comprising about 60% of the total number of military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces and the Navy served from 2003 to 2018. The results and their discussion. Dismissal for health reasons in officers of the Russian Navy over 2003 to 2018 was 15,90±1,36, officers of other branches of the Russian Armed Forces — 7,98±1,10‰ (p<0,001); contract servicemen — 6,82±0,57 and 3,92±0,32, respectively (p<0,001); conscripts — 33,38±1,79 and 17,57±1,19, respectively (p<0,001); women soldiers — 23,01±3,34 and 9,14±1,37‰ (p<0,01). There were no significant differences in the nomenclature of disease blocks that caused dismissals in the categories of military personnel of the Russian Navy and the Russian Armed Forces. Higher dismissal levels within disease blocks indicated higher intensity of professional work and increased demands to the health status of the Navy servicemen compared to those from other branches of the Armed Forces. As a rule, dismissals of military personnel of the Russian Navy and the Russian Armed Forces were due to diseases of the circulatory system (ICD-10 Chapter IX), diseases of the digestive system (Chapter XI) and neoplasms (Chapter II). At the same time, some features of the structure of dismissals for health reasons were identified in the military personnel by categories. Conclusion. Accounting for and prevention of leading diseases that caused dismissals due to health reasons will contribute to improving the health of military personnel. It is necessary to focus the attention of the Russian Navy on a healthy lifestyle and increased physical activity.

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Khraban, Tetyana. "A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MILITARY ORGANIZATION FROM MASCULINE TO GENDER-NEUTRAL." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 51, no. 2 (June 14, 2022): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5128.

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The article presents the results of an empirical study of gender relations in the Ukrainian armed forces as one of the conflict zones, in which difficulties may arise during service. The study of correlation between the male service members’ psychological well-being and the change of the military organization nature from masculine to gender-neutral can tackle the occupational segregation related to gender inequality and facilitate the creation of a balanced perspective for both genders in order to achieve more comprehensive decisions on gender equality in the armed forces. The study revealed a correlation between the level of cadets’ psychological wellbeing and the process of integrating women into the armed forces of Ukraine. The integration of women into the military contributes to the psychological well-being of those cadets who perceive a female soldier as a bearer of the core values that constitute the essence of military service, and consider a female soldier as an equal member of the military collective. However, for another part of cadets the feminization of the army brings about the preconditions for experiencing negative emotions and, consequently, diminishes cadets’ psychological wellbeing. The reason of men’s negative emotions can be dissonance caused by biased thinking based on gender role stereotypes, but it can also have reasonable grounds. The main reason for the cadets’ lack of psychological well-being is the sense of injustice caused by the privileged position of women in the army in the distribution of duties, functions, responsibilities.

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Konstantуnova, Yuliіa, and Yuliia Rozumovska. "Gender policy in the armed forces: NATO experience for Ukraine." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 11, no. 31-32 (2021): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2021-11-31-32-131-141.

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The occupation of the Crimean peninsula, conduction an anti-terrorist operation and the Joint Forces Operation in the East of Ukraine, the functioning of government authorities, institutions, enterprises and organizations in a special period have significantly affected to the distribution of social roles. For almost eight years of the bilateral conflict in Donbass women’s contribution in warfare hasn’t become the exception but the norm for society. Women are represented in all areas of direct contribution in warfare, providing the settle differences of the conflict and establishing peace in Ukraine, namely: political, volunteer and military. At the beginning of the conflict in East of Ukraine, a woman in the Armed Forces had no guarantees from the country and has no access to so-called “combat” positions and career opportunities. The aim of the article is to investigate the changes that have taken place in the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the direction of gender policy and the affect of the experience of the North Atlantic Alliance on this process. Gender issues are included in the process of restructuring the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Whereas the Ukraine’s direction towards European and Euro-Atlantic integration it’s clear that NATO has chosen as a model for implementing a gender approach. This is a boon to co-operate partnership Ukraine-NATO G00013 “Gender issues” in the Armed Forces of Ukraine – the impound of resources for the effective performance of assigned tasks in accordance with NATO standards. Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 “Women, Peace, Security” changes and additions to the legal framework to provide and guarantee gender equality. As well as control and adjustment the problems that exist in the Ukrainian army on the way to achieving real progress in gender issues. According to the activity in the past of eight years, Ukrainian legislation on gender issues in the field of security and defense has been significantly improved. The list of positions that servicewoman can hold has significantly expanded. Resolved the issue of equal opportunities for career advancement of men and women but also the responsibility for one’s own activity or inactivity. It were given the opportunity for servicewomen to perform contract military service as officers with the exception of positions where they have to work with explosives and diving. The legal framework for the implementation of the policy of equal rights and opportunities in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is constantly updated and supplemented, that proves immediacy of the problem of gender issue. An educational component is another area of implementation of strategy of the gender equality. Gender issues must be included in all curricula of all courses, according to NATO requirements. There are some problems with training servicewomen, in particular, they are shortly insufficiently in the courses of science, technology, engineering and mathematics at the university level, but now we have some steps to negotiation them. Thus, to dealing with a problem with education of girls in “male” specialties, the government input additional quotas. Girls received the right to be admitted into the military lyceums. The introduction of positions of gender advisers in the structural units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is an important element in the implementation of gender equality. Thus, NATO’s experience identifies key directions for reform and improvement of gender approach in Armed Forces of Ukaine.

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Clune, John V. "un Peacekeeping and the International Men and Women of the Ghana Armed Forces." International Journal of Military History and Historiography 36, no. 1 (June 28, 2016): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683302-03601002.

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This article argues that after 1973, participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations abroad enabled Ghanaian military personnel and their families to employ the infrastructure of international military cooperation to form an alternate global identity that was not simply larger than the nation-state. Ghanaian military families found the experiences of international military education and peacekeeping personally rewarding, but they also connected Ghanaians to global communities while weakening some national bonds. International military service provided Ghanaian families alternate strategies to negotiate economic insecurity in ways that strikingly resemble other diaspora communities, with an essential difference: in this case, Ghanaian soldiers families’ transnational identity still depended on functioning state agencies and international diplomatic processes to facilitate their travel.

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Patel, D. "Women in the military and mental health trends in the UK armed forces." Occupational Medicine 57, no. 4 (April 16, 2007): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqm037.

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Gaikwad, Namrata. "Revolting bodies, hysterical state: women protesting the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (1958)." Contemporary South Asia 17, no. 3 (August 18, 2009): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584930903108986.

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Rona, R. J., N. T. Fear, L. Hull, and S. Wessely. "Women in novel occupational roles: mental health trends in the UK Armed Forces." International Journal of Epidemiology 36, no. 2 (December 15, 2006): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl273.

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Brawley, Sean, and Chris Dixon. "Jim Crow Downunder? African American Encounters with White Australia, 1942––1945." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 607–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.4.607.

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Between 1941 and 1945, as the U.S. military machine sent millions of Americans——and American culture——around the world, several thousand African Americans spent time in Australia. Armed with little knowledge of Australian racial values and practices, black Americans encoutered a nation whose long-standing commitment to the principle of "White Australia" appeared to rest comfortably with the segregative policies commonly associated with the American South. Nonetheless, while African Americans did encounter racism and discrimination——practices often encouraged by the white Americans who were also stationed in Australia during the war——there is compelling evidence that their experiences were not always negative. Indeed, for many black Americans, Australians' apparent open-mindedness and racial views of white Britons and others with whom African Americans came into contact during the war. Making use of U.S. Army censors' reports and paying attention to black Americans' views of their experiences in Australia, this article not only casts light on an aspect of American-Australian relations that has hitherto recieved scant scholarly attention and reveals something about the African American experience, but also offers insights into race relations within the U.S. armed forces.

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SMITH, HUGH. "The Use of Armed Forces in Law Enforcement: Legal, Constitutional and Political Issues in Australia." Australian Journal of Political Science 33, no. 2 (July 1998): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361149850624.

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Brown, Vanessa. "Gender Considerations in Advancing the Vancouver Principles in Armed Forces." Allons-y: Journal of Children, Peace and Security 5 (March 31, 2021): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/allons-y.v5i0.10218.

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Drawing from United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Women, Peace and Security and the Vancouver Principles, this paper highlights key factors to be addressed in military training and education to ensure that military members are adequately prepared to protect children affected by conflict and to enhance military capabilities to participate in the prevention of the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Informed by feminist theories and analysis, this paper argues that military professionals are better prepared for the protection of children when they are given the opportunity to explore gender concepts in relation to their own socialization to the military and if they are provided with the right theories and tools to understand and respond to gender and intersectional dynamics of children and armed conflict. The paper suggests that while content that illuminates gender constructs and their relation to the security of children is crucially important, determining the right pedagogic approaches that support the effective training and education of military professionals is equally vital.

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Grigoriev, S. G., V. I. Evdokimov, V. A. Sanzharevsky, and G. G. Zagorodnikov. "Primary morbidity of female military personnel serving in enterprises for disposing chemical weapons with organophosphate toxic substances (2007—2016)." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2020-0-4-27-59.

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Relevance. On September 27, 2017, Russia announced the completion of disposal of chemical weapons with organophosphorus toxic substances. ahead of its international obligations. Besides men, military women also served in enterprises for disposal of these weapons.Intention. To assess the impact of occupational factors on the primary morbidity of female military personnel (n = 267) served in enterprises for disposal of chemical weapons with organophosphates in 2007-2016.Methodology. The object of the study was data on the primary morbidity of female military personnel employed in disposal of chemical weapons with organophosphates (group 1) and serving in support and service units (group 2). The results were compared with the indicators of primary morbidity of all female military personnel Armed Forces of Russia. Nosologies were correlated with the chapters of diseases by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10).Results and Discussion. In Group 1 of female military personnel, the primary morbidity for a number of disease categories was better than in Group 2 and all the female military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces, which can be explained by careful preliminary selection before recruting, good work organization, and timely prevention of initial health disorders and rehabilitation of the functional reserves of the body. In military women of Groups 1 and 2, compared to all the female military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces, a statistically significantly higher level of primary morbidity was revealed for mental disorders and behavioral disorders (Chapter V by ICD-10). This can be explained by the cumulative effect of mental tension during disposal of chemical weapons. Of note, the above disorders were not the leading category of primary morbidity in both female military personnel working in enterprises and in all the female military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces. In female women of Group 1 compared to all the female military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces, there was a statistically significantly higher level of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (Chapter XIII by ICD-10). It can be assumed that negative memories of the likelihood of emergencies when moving weapons that require disposal create additional physical efforts and overstrain of individual muscles. It is appropriate to point out that diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue increased in female military personnel in all groups and overall in 2007-2016. In Group 1 of female military personnel, there was an increase in proportion of diseases from Chapter XIII vs certain stability of their percentage in all the female military personnel f the Russian Armed Forces.Conclusion. The results obtained showed a sufficient effectiveness of preventive and protective measures during the disposal of organophosphate weapons by female military personnel.

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Gouliquer, Lynne, Carmen Poulin, Alissa Moore, and Hilary Longobardi. "Pictures tell a story: Diversity and inclusion on the National CFMWS website." Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 8, s1 (April 1, 2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0084.

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LAY SUMMARY Women, BIPOC, and LGBTQIA2S+ people have faced, and continue to face, discrimination in the Canadian Armed Forces. This study examined the Canadian Forces Morale and Welfare Services national website ( https://www.cafconnection.ca/ ) to see how diversity was represented. The authors captured screenshots from the site between November 2020 and April 2021. While images of women, Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour, and LGBTQIA2S+ people were present, the images that showed diversity were usually purchased, generic photos of people, and not representative of military life. In general, the photos maintained a patriarchal status quo largely depicting cisgender male soldiers and heteronormativity.

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Serré, Lynne. "A comparative analysis of medically released men and women from the Canadian Armed Forces." Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh.2018-0008.

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Cline, A. D., H. R. Allen, K. Patrick, and A. E. Hunt. "Gender Differences in Food Preferences of Young Men and Women in the Armed Forces." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 98, no. 9 (September 1998): A104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(98)00679-8.

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Alvinius, Aida, Clary Krekula, and Gerry Larsson. "Managing visibility and differentiating in recruitment of women as leaders in the armed forces." Journal of Gender Studies 27, no. 5 (October 12, 2016): 534–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2016.1243048.

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Gaikwad, Hemlata Vivek, and Suruchi Pandey. "Determination in Leadership: A Study on Women’s Leadership in Indian Government Services and Armed Forces." Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 30, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.1.06.

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This article describes lived experiences of successful women leaders in government administration organizations in India. The analysis of women’s experiences revealed the enablers and deterrents faced by these women in their leadership trajectories. These factors are categorized as an individual: family background and childhood experiences, self-aspiration and leadership development and work-life balance and familial support or organizational viz. workplace and sociocultural challenges and success mantras. A combination of them has influenced the progression of these women. The results present the need for a massive social change initiated by human service organizations to shift the so-called patriarchal social system. The paper has identified various dimensions like prioritizing promoting diversity, mentoring, and redesign of human resource policies which need to be focused. Also, the organizations and government can use these findings to design development programs for realistically promoting more women to higher positions.

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