Dissertations / Theses: 'Australia – Armed Forces – Women'

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Buttsworth, Sara. "Body count : the politics of representing the gendered body in combat in Australia and the United States." University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0023.

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This thesis is an exploration of the construction of the gendered body in combat in the late twentieth century, in Australia and the United States of America. While it is not a military history, aspects of military history, and representations of war and warriors are used as the vehicle for the analysis of the politics of representing gender. The mythic, the material and the media(ted) body of the gendered warrior are examined in the realms of ‘real’ military histories and news coverage, and in the ‘speculative’ arena of popular culture. Through this examination, the continuities and ruptures inherent in the gendered narratives of war and warriors are made apparent, and the operation of the politics of representing gender in the public arena is exposed. I have utilised a number of different approaches from different disciplines in the construction of this thesis: feminist and non-feminist responses to women in the military; aspects of military histories and mythologies of war specific to Australia and the United States; theories on the construction of masculinities and femininities; approaches to gender identity in popular news media, film and television. Through these approaches I have sought to bring together the history of women in the military institutions of Australia and the United States, and examine the nexus between the expansion of women’s military roles and the emergence of the female warrior hero in popular culture. I have, as a result, analysed the constructions of masculinity and femininity that inform the ongoing association of the military with ‘quintessential masculinity’, and deconstructed the real and the mythic corporeal capacities of the gendered body so important to warrior identity. Regardless, or perhaps because of, the importance of gender politics played out in and through the representations of soldier identity, all their bodies must be considered speculative.

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McAvoy, D. A. "Women entrepreneurs in the UK armed forces." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9317.

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Literature on entrepreneurship has been criticised on several grounds including a strong bias to examine masculine traits, being deeply rooted in the private sector, limited to economics, conceptualised as a specialist skill pertinent only to non-public entities, overly positivist, single causal and with a tendency to downplay the relevance of both the social and human sciences. The relatively few studies of female entrepreneurs in the public sector have been criticised on the grounds of privileging structure over agency and for ignoring new research perspectives. The literature calls for the generation of alternative viewpoints on entrepreneurship and specifically towards those that pay greater attention to the level of the individual within an institutional setting and that embraces like interaction with multiple sociological variables. To generate research outside these biases, a dynamic relational model consisting of four interactive variables (structure, agency, networks and context) was developed and then used to guide a case study on women entrepreneurs within a male dominated institution - the United Kingdom’s (UK) Armed Forces. A critical realist research methodology was used. Interviews were conducted with a stratified sample of 52 female, uniformed officers drawn from all three services (Navy, Army, Airforce). The findings revealed how women use structure, agency, networks and context to create the necessary leverage to bring about entrepreneurial institutional change based on individual goal realisation strategies. The originality of this research is threefold. Firstly, it examines female entrepreneurs in a male dominated public sector institution. Secondly, it uses a critical realist research methodology. Finally, the research develops a dynamic relational model that has wider utility. The overall net result of this research approach is to provide a richer understanding of the complex, multi-causal nature of public sector entrepreneurship that has the potential for far broader application.

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Andreasson, Ann-Sofie. "Women in the Swedish Armed Forces : How does the Swedish Armed Forces promote women in order to attract them to their organisation?" Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för juridik, ekonomi, statistik och politik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-10129.

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The following Bachelor thesis is analysing how the Swedish armed forces promotes women in order to attract them to their organisation. Specifically it investigates (1) "How does the Swedish armed forces break the social norms of what it means to be a soldier?" (2) "How do they present a gender equal division of labour?" (3) "How do they try to affect women´s attitude towards the organisation?" This study investigates the Swedish armed forces, an organisation with a great underrepresentation of women. The underrepresentation of women is something that the Swedish armed forces openly tries to change through their marketing. This thesis is a single case study with both qualitative and quantitative approach, using Harding´s gender process theory in a descriptive design. By gathering television commercials from the Swedish armed forces user page on YouTube, I explore how the Swedish armed forces tries to minimize the underrepresentation of women. Their strategies are analysed by using Harding´s three gender processes. The results show that the organisation is active in all three processes, but focuses on breaking the social norms of what it means to be a soldier.

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Hauser, Orlee. "Doing army feeling army : women and organizational belonging in the Israeli Defence Forces." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85166.

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There is an ongoing debate as to the role of women in Israel's army and to the degree of integration of women into male-dominated military positions. Using qualitative methods (in-depth interviews and participant observation), this dissertation examines the participation of women in the Israeli Defence Forces with a focus on organizational belonging and military status.
Women soldiers find distinct ways of experiencing organizational belonging and gaining status in the army. Much of women's variation in organizational belonging is linked, not to positions held, but, rather, to the kind of base at which a woman served during her service. Those serving in closed bases (at which soldiers stay to sleep), report developing a greater sense of organizational belonging than those serving in open bases (at which soldiers return home to sleep). This distinction is linked to notions of combat. Those serving at closed bases are more likely to serve in close proximity to combat. As well, closed bases are associated with combat more than are open bases regardless of the nature of individual closed bases. Thus, women serving on closed bases benefit from the prestige associated with combat positions as well as from the organizationally bonding experience of staying to sleep on the base. This stands in contrast with women serving on open bases who are more likely to have their sense of organizational belonging affected by their actual army position and rank and tend to seek status through association with higher ranking soldiers such as their officers and commanders.
There has been a great deal of literary discourse concerning women's participation in the IDF concentrating on women's military positions and ranks. While my research relates to this discourse, it differs through its emphasis on base placement over army position/rank. My study concludes with a discussion of my contribution to organizational belonging literature and with reflections on the implications of my findings for both the IDF and Jewish women in Israel.

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Woodhead, Charlotte. "The mental health and well-being of women in the UK Armed Forces." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-mental-health-and-wellbeing-of-women-in-the-uk-armed-forces(6a55860b-3637-4a97-a771-a255902fca5d).html.

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The aims of the study were to a) estimate the prevalence of specific mental and physical health problems among female UK military personnel, b) examine their association with work, family, and interpersonal relationship stressors and protective factors, and c) explore stressors in these domains and their perceived relationship to health among serving and ex-serving women. A mixed methods approach was used, integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches across several stages of the research. Quantitative data came from female participants (n=1185) who responded to a postal survey questionnaire as part of a cohort study of UK military personnel. This provided the sampling frame for the qualitative study, which included 41 in-depth interviews with purposefully selected participants. While no statistical impact of deployment or parenthood on health was found overall, the interviews identified a far broader array of stressors, protective factors, and outcomes not measureable from the survey data. In particular, the importance of interpersonal factors on well-being and career intentions among women was emphasised. Sources of stress from three main domains were explored: deployment, parenthood, and integration. The importance of including more gender-specific stressors and outcomes in understanding factors influencing women’s well-being and decisions to remain in the military was revealed. The study provides a solid basis on which to build future research, both qualitative and quantitative, to further expand and assess the generalisability of the current findings. Implications for policy interventions are discussed.

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Marmion, Robert J. "Gibraltar of the south : defending Victoria : an analysis of colonial defence in Victoria, Australia, 1851-1901 /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/4851.

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During the nineteenth century, defence was a major issue in Victoria and Australia, as indeed it was in other British colonies and the United Kingdom. Considerable pressure was brought to bear by London on the self-governing colonies to help provide for their own defence against internal unrest and also possible invasions or incursions by nations such as France, Russia and the United States.
From 1851 until defence was handed over to the new Australian Commonwealth at Federation in 1901, the Victorian colonial government spent considerable energy and money fortifying parts of Port Phillip Bay and the western coastline as well as developing the first colonial navy within the British Empire. Citizens were invited to form volunteer corps in their local areas as a second tier of defence behind the Imperial troops stationed in Victoria. When the garrison of Imperial troops was withdrawn in 1870, these units of amateur citizen soldiers formed the basis of the colony’s defence force. Following years of indecision, ineptitude and ad hoc defence planning that had left the colony virtually defenceless, in 1883 Victoria finally adopted a professional approach to defending the colony. The new scheme of defence allowed for a complete re-organisation of not only the colony’s existing naval and military forces, but also the command structure and supporting services. For the first time an integrated defence scheme was established that co-ordinated the fixed defences (forts, batteries minefields) with the land and naval forces. Other original and unique aspects of the scheme included the appointment of the first Minister of Defence in the Australian colonies and the first colonial Council of Defence to oversee the joint defence program. All of this was achieved under the guidance of Imperial advisors who sought to integrate the colony’s defences into the wider Imperial context.
This thesis seeks to analyse Victoria’s colonial defence scheme on a number of levels – firstly, the nature of the final defence scheme that was finally adopted in 1883 after years of vacillation, secondly, the effectiveness of the scheme in defending Victoria, thirdly, how the scheme linked to the greater Australasian and Imperial defence, and finally the political, economic, social and technological factors that shaped defence in Victoria during the second half of the nineteenth century.

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Davis, Karen D. (Karen Dianne). "Organizational environment and turnover : understanding women's exit from the Canadian Forces." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26258.

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Women's exit from employment has been explained in relation to their individual characteristics and family status, but little attention has been given to the relationship between women's experience in employment and their decision to leave. Attrition data indicates that women become even more likely to leave the Canadian Forces, relative to their male counterparts, after 10 years of service. A qualitative approach was used to explore the relationship between organizational environment and exit among women who left the Canadian Forces after serving more than 10, but less than 20 years. The analysis, which is based on interviews with 23 women, suggests that although organizational policies and regulations are evolving in attempts to integrate women, the experiences of women as women within a male-dominated organization contribute significantly to the attrition of women from that environment.

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Mangwanda, Lusegu Mylene. "A cry for justice : the lack of accountability for perpetrators of sexual violence against women in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64622.

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The eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been described as the ‘rape capital of the world’ due to the severity and brutality of sexual violence that Congolese women experience. Sexual violence as a weapon of war in conflict-torn areas takes the form of rape, sexual slavery and the insertion of objects into cavities (such as knives, rifle barrels, pieces of glass, sticks, wood, bottles and pestles coated in chili pepper). It predominantly targets girls as young as two years old and women as old as eighty years old. Perpetrators of such illegal and immoral acts of violence in eastern DRC (North Kivu and South Kivu provinces) include members of the national army, members of rebel groups and United Nations Peacekeeping personnel. Congolese women’s rights are constantly undermined and violated. This is despite the country’s legal obligations to protect Congolese women through its ratification of a number of international and regional conventions and treaties which promote the rights of women and prohibit sexual violence. The Congolese Constitution contains provisions aimed at promoting and protecting women’s rights, including the protection of women against sexual violence. Despite various pieces of legislation and calls by human rights activists to halt acts of sexual violence, Congolese women continue to face unwanted pregnancies, abortions, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, destroyed reproductive organs, injuries and even death. Sexual violence continues unabated in eastern DRC as a tactic used by various armed groups to terrorise and control the population living in conflict-torn eastern DRC. This mini-dissertation is a cry for justice in that it highlights sexual violence crimes and other human rights abuses faced by women in eastern DRC and calls for perpetrators to be held accountable.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Centre for Human Rights
MPhil
Unrestricted

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Ottosson, Mikaela. "The inclusion of girls depends on women : A study of the inclusion of girls associated with armed forces and armed groups in DDR programs by women mediators in Colombia, the DRC and Somalia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443580.

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This thesis analyzes the relation between women mediators in peace negotiations and the inclusion of female child soldiers in disarm, demobilize and reintegrate (DDR) processes. Research shows that despite the adoption of UNSCR 1325 and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, there is low participation of women in peace processes. Children, especially girls (Girls Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (GAAFAG), are often excluded from DDR programs due to not being seen as soldiers. This is not only an obstacle for lasting peace but it is also of importance to include them in the process as they have a human right to rehabilitation and reintegration after an armed conflict under Article 39 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Few studies have analyzed the relationship between women in peace negotiations and the inclusion of girls in the DDR process. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to study the effect women mediators can have on the inclusion or exclusion of children, specifically girls, in DDR programs after an armed conflict. The theory is that women involved in the peace process will broaden the issues of negotiations, bring those issues onto the official implementation agenda and ensure that specific issues are written into the agreement. This thesis suggests that because women have different experiences and priorities, women’s and children’s issues, such as including girls in the DDR process, will more likely be brought onto the implementation if women are involved. By taking the research question, what difference can women mediators make when it comes to the inclusion of GAAFAG in DDR programs? as a point of departure, the study analyses three cases: Colombia, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Somalia. Through the Structured Focused Comparison research design, the study asks questions to each case regarding important factors based on the theory; the resources, the mediators, local participation, and formal regulation. The study finds that the DDR process in Colombia both had more women involved and included more children, and girls, in the DDR process. Even though it cannot be fully verified, the results suggest that women involved in peace negotiations can lead to greater inclusion of GAAFAG in DDR processes. While not overlooking the importance of factors such as cultural and historical roots as well as international involvement, as these can affect the outcome as well.

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Pulvertaft, Amelia. "Examining Discourses of Women in Ground Close Combat : How the potential for gender equality in the British Armed Forces has been limited by the construction of gender differences." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166721.

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In 1997, 70% of British Armed Forces roles were opened to women. Women were still excluded from ground close combat (GCC) roles, where the primary purpose is to close in on and kill the enemy at short range, usually under 30 metres, using weaponry or hand to hand combat. Excluding women from GCC roles in the military was covered under Section 85(4) of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. In order to legally retain the exclusion, the European Community Equal Treatment Directive stipulated that a review of the role of women in certain ground close combat environments should be undertaken every eight years. In this study I will be using post-structural policy analysis to examine the ways the 2010 and 2016 reviews on women in ground close combat have constructed gender difference. The findings have shown that cohesion and physical capacity have been deemed essential to combat effectiveness, therefore in this study I argue that the subtexts of these “essential” factors of combat are actively limiting the potential for gender equality in the British Armed Forces.

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Frost, Sarah H. "Institutionalized Discrimination: Three Cases in the United States Military." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5021.

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This thesis explores institutionalized discrimination in the United States Military by examining the rationales given for policies that exclude, or limit the military service of racial minorities, women and homosexuals, and the rationales given for altering such policies. outgroups such as racial minorities, women and homosexuals are presumed to be a threat to the white male heterosexual majority within the military services. The presence of these outgroups in the military has been officially characterized as threatening to small-unit cohesion, and therefore threatening to military readiness. This thesis was first based upon the assumption that the rationales favoring discriminatory policies, and rationales favoring reform, would be expressed in the language of small-group theories of cohesion, that is, cohesion based upon the self-categorization of group members, or the interdependence of group members. However, in the data analysis process, two other rationales emerged: the ideological and the bureaucratic rationales. Data illustrating these four rationales were drawn from a content analysis of articles and other commentary published in the New York Times. Statements were crosstabulated by the stance (exclusionist or reformist) they supported and the rationale (self-categorical, interdependent, ideological or bureaucratic) they employed to justify the stance. This analysis was first done separately for each of the three groups, racial minorities, women and homosexuals, and then the data for each of the three outgroups were compared and contrasted. Findings indicate that despite the military's official characterization of outgroups as a threat to small-unit cohesion, relatively little of the debate was expressed in terms of small-group theories of cohesion-the self-categorization of, or interdependence of group members. The most frequently employed rationales were, in fact, ideological in character. Between the three groups, however, some differences in patterns of rationales and stances emerged. The findings are placed in their historical and political contexts to help explain the results of the analysis, and to illuminate the experience of racial minorities, women and homosexuals in the United States military.

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McMahon, Peter, and n/a. "Homefires and Embers." University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20090609.112638.

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In December 1945, four months after the end of the Second World War, two soldiers meet on an aeroplane flying towards Port Hedland, located in north-west Western Australia, the Pilbara district. Frank Grey found the war a horrific experience and is deeply traumatised. He is returning home, after an absence of five years, hoping to reunite with his wife, get his old job back, and continue on with his life as it was before the war. Patrick Gray is an Aboriginal. He also found the war horrific. However, for him, serving in the A.I.F. was also a liberating experience. For the first time in his life he received equal pay and conditions of white men. He found equality. He is hoping that because he, and other Aborigines, served in the armed forces, the social conditions for Aborigines will have improved in the 6 years he's been away. They are both disappointed.

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Sutera, Sofia. "Women and Leadership in Peacekeeping Operations: a Swedish Approach." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21048.

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Even after the introduction of the UNSCR 1325 and subsequent resolutions, women’s leadership in the context of the WPS Agenda remains very low, despite the clear stance of the UN towards a support of an increased participation of women in peace and security processes. The aim of this thesis is to specifically address women’s leadership in the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) in the framework of peacekeeping operations, looking at the way the gender perspective is applied in the SAF through the introduction of the Handbok Gender, adopted in 2016. Since the focus of this research is on women, the theoretical perspective utilised as reference point is feminism and specifically a feminist constructivist approach with an institutional focus. Mixed research methods have been applied in order to collect the data, while the main centre of attention of this project has been a critical discourse analysis of the mentioned gender policy. Sweden has been chosen as case study because of the relevance of its singular feminist policies (Wallström’s statement that Sweden is pursuing a feminist foreign policy is a clear example), nevertheless the conclusions appear to be quite contradictory because even in a country which officially identifies as feminist women’s leadership in peacekeeping operations is very low.

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Granat, Mimmi. ""They Are More Afraid of Losing Women Than of Having Women" : How the structural transformation of the Swedish Armed Forces has affected the experience for female recruits." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6164.

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When interviewing female conscripts, Emma Lindgren Lauritzon (2012) found that they perceived their basic military training in the Swedish Armed Forces as a negative experience. The women felt that the environment was hostile and that they served on the conditions of men. This is especially alarming since the unequal conscription was replaced by voluntary service for all in 2010, making the Swedish defence dependent on attracting the whole population to fill up its necessary positions. Therefore, this thesis examines how female recruits experience the new basic military training and if the structural transformation, with a more gender equal entrance, has had an impact on the individual level. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted, designed and presented by a deductive thematic analysis, and later interpreted through feministic and gender organizational theories. The results indicate a positive development in their experiences, and more so – a new development of the women feeling especially wanted and needed. This perceived dependency on women is arguably in the risk of backfiring, generating guilt if they disappoint the organisation. This study gives vital insight to the organisation in question, the Swedish Armed Forces, and also several new and interesting aspects to build future research on regarding women in the military.

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Uvelius, Karin. "Gender, Security and Conflict Resolution - a qualitative study of women and men's reasoning of decision-making and use of violence within the Swedish Armed Forces." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23345.

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This study sets out to examine how men and women within the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) reason about decision-making and the use of violence in relation to security and conflict resolution, and whether or not their reasoning differ. The study comprises a qualitative case study whereas the SAF has been identified as a critical case. The research takes off in theoretical fields such as; international relations, gender, security and feminism. With departure in essential-, standpoint- and difference feminism in particular, an analytical framework has been created. The core assumptions in the framework are: women are peaceful and prefer individual decision-making in relation to security and conflict resolution. Men on the contrary are violent and prefer individual decision-making. The validity of these assumptions is tested by ten qualitative interviews with five women and five men within the SAF. The finding of the study is that the SAF appears to socialize a similar behavior amongst their male and female co-workers. Hence, men and women within the forces seem to reason about security and conflict resolution in comparable ways. The feminist assumptions in the analytical framework are thus proven invalid. Nevertheless, the branches of the feminisms that depart from social construction rather than biological determinism are proven correct.

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Höjer, Joakim. "Images of an Intervention : A semiotic study of the Swedish Armed Forces' depiction of its military involvement in Afghanistan." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-133707.

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The increasingly universal information society has required also the Swedish Armed Forces to participate in the information flow, for example by publishing images from its operations in an open digital image archive. With use of the image archive’s photographs from the Swedish Armed Forces’ military operations in Afghanistan in 2011 and 2012, the study seeks to examine the way in which the Swedish army depicts its involvement in the region. From a postcolonial perspective, based on Edward Said’s notions on Orientalism, this semiotic analysis examines the image publications in order to reveal what messages the images convey. How are Afghan women respectively Afghan men depicted in contrast to Swedish soldiers? How are Swedish soldiers portrayed in relation to their Afghan military allies? Such are the questions at hand. The study makes use of a methodological framework based on Roland Barthes and Charles Saunders Pierce and looks to reveal the denotative and connotative meanings in the image material. The result of the study shows a depiction of the military intervention in Afghanistan that largely portrays Afghan women and girls in need of saving and emancipation, while Swedish soldiers are ascribed the role of the hero. Moreover, images depicting Swedish soldiers as modern, powerful and progressive in contrast to weak and underdeveloped Afghan men are also recurrent in the material. The cooperation between the Swedish military and its Afghan allies is throughout the material depicted in a positive manner, and symbolic gestures of friendship between the two frequent the image publications. At large, a positive perspective permeates the Swedish military’s depiction of its operations in Afghanistan, and its soldiers are portrayed as powerful bringers of Western liberty and equality. Meanwhile, the East is depicted as all that the West is not: uncivilised, weak and infantile.

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Krepstekies, Colleen. "News Media Representations of Women in the U.S. Military Post September 11, 2001." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3645.

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This paper examines newspaper portrayals produced by the Washington Post, the New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times of women in the military from Sept. 11, 2001, to Sept. 11, 2009. The purpose was to identify how the three nationally recognized U.S. newspapers depict women’s expanding combat roles on contemporary battlefields that lack definitive front lines. Because the news media are the primary vehicle to update the general public on military matters, how the news media portray military women can play a role in shaping audience perceptions of military women. In turn, this relationship can influence the public debate on issues pertaining to women in the military. For my research method, I employed a longitudinal, qualitative content analysis of news articles that revealed three distinctively themed portrayals of U.S. servicewomen. The thematic findings include: "Tip of the Spear," a largely laudatory category portraying the "new" or "first" generation of servicewomen filling historically uncommon (particularly direct ground combat) roles for women; the "Combat Debate," with coverage listing arguments for and against military women’s expansion into "direct ground combat;" and the "Sexual Assault" category that exposed women as continued victims of sexual assault across the U.S. Armed Forces. The portrayals of women in the "Tip of the Spear," and to a lesser extent in the "Combat Debate," reveal how these three particular newspapers are applying a new formula to represent military women. Rather than portraying military women in stereotypical support roles—or castigating them for transgressing gender norms—the stories from these papers cast the servicewomen performing traditional masculine military activities in a positive light. However, following objective reporting protocol, the reports in the "Combat Debate" category also covered conventional patriarchal concerns to include protecting women from harm, particularly military mothers. Overall, these two categories comprised the greater part of the coverage of military women among the reports in this study, with only a handful of reports covering women as victims. I propose that the many positive portrayals that describe women fulfilling nontraditional masculine roles and activities demonstrate a revised blueprint in how the news media report on military women. Furthermore, while these research results cannot be applied universally outside this study’s sample, I contend that these types of images representing today’s servicewomen on contemporary battlefields increase public acceptance of women in the military and their expanding military assignments.

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Nilsson, Evelina. "Utrustning för kvinnor : En studie kring Försvarsmaktens anpassning av uniformer och stridsutrustning." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-820.

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I 30 år har kvinnor funnits på militära befattningar i Försvarsmakten. Fram till för fyra år sedan hade nästan inga åtgärder vidtagits för att anpassa den personliga utrustningen till kvinnors behov. Enligt en undersökning från 2005 bidrar detta inte enbart till direkta fysiska begränsningar, utan även till sänkt självförtroende och känslor av kränkning och underordning. Sedan 2006 har Försvarsmakten och FMV arbetat med att ta fram en rad olika persedlar i mindre storlekar, och daglig dräkt har även tagits fram i dammodell. De små storlekarna har visat sig lösa delar av de problem som kvinnor har upplevt. I Försvarsmaktens jämställdhetsplan står det dock bland annat att genus- och jämställdhetsperspektiv ska anläggas vid nyanskaffning av materiel. Det har visat sig finnas ett personligt intresse hos de ansvariga på Högkvarteret och FMV, men det organisatoriska engagemanget i frågan kring utrustning för kvinnor verkar nästan obefintligt. Jag ser dessutom brister i kommunikationen mellan användarna och de som är ansvariga för framtagningen av ny utrustning. Den enda kanalen mellan förbanden och Högkvarteret är s.k. brukarrepresentanter, som ensamma svarar för att föra hundratals människors åsikter uppåt. Enligt teorier kring gruppsammansättningar och minoriteter finns det också anledning att tro att kvinnor, som den minoritet de utgör, riskerar att kvävas av rösterna från majoriteten när denna metod används. Som en lösning på problemet förordar jag ett ökat organisatoriskt engagemang i frågan, genom tydligare stöttning från den högsta ledningen, samt en enkätundersökning, som på bred front samlar in användarnas åsikter om den materiel som tillhandahålls.

Until four years ago no measures had been taken to adapt the personal equipment to women’s needs.This doesn’t only cause direct physical limitations, but also brings out feelings of lowered self-esteem, insult and subordination. Since 2006 the Swedish Armed Forces and FMV (Swedish Defence Materiel Administration) have worked with developing smaller sizes in a number of items of equipment, which also have turned out to solve some of the problems that women have been experiencing. The Swedish Armed Forces’ gender equality plan says that gender and equality perspectives are to be adopted when developing new equipment. Although there has turned out to be a personal interest among the people responsible, the organizational commitment to the issue seems almost non-existant. A lack of communication between the users and the people responsible for the adaptation of equipment for women has also been noted. The only channel between the units and the Headquarters is so called “user representatives”, who are single-handedly responsible for the forwarding of opinions of hundreds of people. There are reasons to believe that women, as a minority, risk being smothered by the voices of the majority when this method is used. As a solution to this problem it is recommended that the organizational commitment is increased, through a more overt support from the higher command, and that a survey is conducted collecting the opinions of a wide group of people about the personal equipment that is supplied by the Armed Forces.

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Beroun, Rebecca. "Bortom "att göra pojkar till män" : – En diskursiv studie om jämställdhetsarbetet i Försvarsmakten med fokus på kvinnor i det militära." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17109.

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Bakgrund och problem: Sedan lång tid tillbaka har det ansetts att lumpen är något av det manligaste som kan göras, för det är då ”pojkar blir till män”, och det har funnits en föreställning om att kvinnor inte hör hemma i den militära sfären. Detta med anledning att kvinnor setts som fysiskt svagare och i behov av skydd från män, vilket har medfört ett hinder för kvinnor att positionera sig i det militära. Försvarsmakten är ett av Sveriges sista manliga yrkesmonopol som avsattes först år 1989 och det har ställts många krav på kvinnor för att de skall kunna etablera sig i myndigheten. Historiskt upplevdes Försvarsmakten ha en ”grisig” jargong, kvinnor ansåg sig bli illa behandlade av befäl och sexism var något som tycktes ”sitta i väggarna”. Sverige är ett av de länder i världen som har högst andel kvinnor i arbetslivet. Trots detta har Sverige en av de mest könssegregerade arbetsmarknader i världen. Försvarsmakten arbetar idag med jämställdhet i form av handlingsplaner för jämställdhetsintegrering och mål för att uppnå en jämnare könsfördelning men det är endast 17 procent av de anställda som är kvinnor, vilket gör Försvarsmakten till en av Sveriges mest könssegregerade arbetsplatser. Syfte och metod: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att medvetandegöra samt öka förståelsen för hur socialt konstruerade könsnormer upplevs påverkar kvinnors möjligheter att arbeta i, utveckla sin karriär och stanna kvar i mansdominerade organisationer, i detta fall Försvarsmakten. Nio semistrukturerade djupintervjuer genomfördes på Trängregementet där respondenterna bestod av både kvinnor och män som är officerare. Utöver intervjuerna har även flertalet olika dokument granskats som primärt underlag för den diskursanalys som utfördes i studien samt att dokumentationen och empirin verkade som supplement till varandra. De diskursanalytiska metoderna som använts var delar av diskurspsykologi och Bacchias WPR-ansats. Intervjuerna och de granskade dokumenten utgör även studiens triangulering i syfte att erhålla ett bredare perspektiv och därmed gavs möjligheten till en djupare, mer träffsäker och fullständig bild av Försvarsmaktens jämställdhetsarbete. Resultat och slutsatser: Utifrån den diskursanalys som gjordes gick det att finna att Försvarsmakten ser på individen som problemet snarare än att det är organisationen som behöver åtgärdas samt att det även är individen som skall utgöra eller skapa lösningen. Kvinnor har formellt sett goda möjligheter till att göra karriär i Försvarsmakten. Karriärutveckling upplevs däremot som allt för snabb så att relevanta kunskaper och erfarenheter inte erhålls i den mån som upplevs behövas. Kvinnor har dessutom utmaningar med sin identitetsutveckling där de slits mellan att inte vara för ”kvinnliga” men inte heller för ”manliga”. Därmed upplever kvinnor att de inte når upp till de förväntningar som sätts på dem eller så väljer de att anta en mer ”maskulin” form för att försöka anpassa sig till normen. Stereotyper och jargong påverkar således kvinnor ur en negativ aspekt i deras arbete.
Background and problem: For a long time, it has been considered that the military service is one of the manliest things that can be done, because that is when "boys become men", and there has been a notion that women do not belong in the military sphere. This is because women were physically weaker and in need of protection from men, which has led to a barrier for women from positioning themselves in the military. The Swedish armed forces are one of Sweden's last male occupational monopolies and was first set aside 1989 and many demands have been made for women to be able to establish themselves in the authority. Historically, the armed forces were perceived to have a "grubby" jargon, women felt they were badly treated by command and sexism was something that seemed to be deeply rooted. Sweden is one of the countries in the world with the highest proportion of women in working life. Despite this, Sweden has one of the most gender-based segregation of the labor market in the world. The Swedish armed forces are currently working on gender equality in the form of action plans for gender mainstreaming and targets for achieving a more balanced gender balance. But only 17 percent of their employees are women, which makes the armed forces one of Sweden's most gender segregated workplaces. Purpose and method: The purpose of this study was to raise awareness and increase understanding of how socially constructed gender norms are perceived affecting women's opportunities to work, develop their careers and remain in male-dominated organizations, in this case the Swedish armed forces. Nine semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted at Trängregementet where the respondents consisted of both women and men who are officers. In addition to the interviews, several different documents have been examined as the primary basis for the discourse analysis that was carried out in the study. The reviewed documentation and the interviews also appeared as a supplement to each other. The discourse analytical methods used were parts of discourse psychology and Bacchias WPR approach. The interviews and the reviewed documents also form the triangulation of the study in order to obtain a broader perspective and thus the possibility of a deeper, more accurate and complete picture of the armed forces gender equality work. Results and conclusions: Based on the discourse analysis that was done, it was to be found that the armed forces see the individual as the problem rather than that the organization needs to be addressed. The individual should also form or create the solution. Women have formally good opportunities to make careers in the armed forces. Career development, however, is perceived as too fast so that relevant knowledge and experiences are not obtained to the extent that is felt needed. In addition, women have challenges with their identity development where they are torn between not being too "feminine" but also not to "masculine". Therefore, they feel absence of achieving the expectations that are put on them or they choose to adopt a more "masculine" forms to adapt to the norm. Stereotypes and jargon thus affect women from a negative aspect of their work.

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Rupkalvis, Carol Anne Cude 1946. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF HEALTH WITH ROLE ATTITUDES, ROLE STRAIN, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT IN ENLISTED MILITARY MOTHERS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276399.

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21

Smyth, Marion Ann. "Their sorrow, their story: The lived experience of individuals impacted by the death of Special Forces members in the 1996 Black Hawk accident." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2184.

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On the 12 June 1996, the Australian Special Forces were conducting night-time counterterrorism training when two Black Hawk helicopters transporting Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) troops collided mid-air. Eighteen personnel were killed, including members from the elite SASR and crew from the 5th Aviation Regiment. In the aftermath of this accident a charity, the Special Air Service Resources Trust, was established to provide ongoing support to the dependants of those killed. This trust is now the Special Air Service Resources Fund (SASRF), and it continues to support the dependants of those killed and the injured from the accident. There is significant research on the outcomes of sudden and violent deaths; however, there is a paucity of available literature that articulates the lived experiences of those impacted by the Black Hawk accident. There is also no known available literature that articulates the lived experiences of the dependants of the killed soldiers and the injured survivors in terms of the SASRF model of support. The aim of this qualitative research was to understand the lived experiences of those individuals impacted by the Black Hawk accident. This included the experiences of those provided support by the SASRF. For this purpose, the Bronfenbrenner (1986) socio-ecological model of development was utilised as the framework to guide the study. This model emphasises the importance of expanding bereavement studies to include significant others as participants and a wide range of systems as influencing factors on bereavement outcomes. The methodology for this study involved the descriptive approach of transcendental phenomenology, selected for its encouragement to put aside the personal experiences and biases of the researcher. Data collection involved an analysis of documents sourced from media sources, television documentaries, government records, historical records and books. A five question online survey was also conducted with participants recruited through social media and email invitation. This method of recruitment reflected the need for creative strategies when researching hard-to- reach populations such as Special Forces. A total of 162 documents and 24 survey responses using purposive sampling were collected. Using the Moustakas modified van Kaam method for data analysis, five emergent themes and one predetermined theme were identified. These themes indicated that bereavement outcomes, the impact of bureaucracy, meaning-making, survivor experiences and bereavement support formed the essence of the lived experiences. The pre-determined theme of SASRF indicated social support as an important characteristic of the lived experiences. The significance of this study is grounded in its contributions to understanding bereavement in the context of Special Forces’ sudden and violent deaths. It is the first qualitative study that specifically sought to understand the lived experiences of those impacted by the Black Hawk accident, and the first known study involving Australian Special Forces non-combat deaths. It contributes to the SASRF mission by defining the central elements of bereavement support in the specific sociocultural context. The findings demonstrate a need for significant change in the field of military bereavement support and the education of social workers. The evidence base enables social workers as agents of change to contribute to the enhancement of relevant policies. The evidence also contributes to the knowledge base of political entities, bureaucracies and community support agencies that do, or might wish to, provide bereavement support in the context of Special Forces accidents.

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Karlsson, Thea. "Kvinnors möjligheter i Försvarsmakten : En studie om faktorer som påverkade det svenska försvarets riktning under 1972–1981." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104988.

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The purpose of this paper is to study how the attitude of giving women increased opportunities to get employment as a commander in the Swedish Armed Forces changed during the period 1972-1981. The aim is to show which arguments that dominated the debate in the political parties and in government investigations that affected the outcome of the decisions that were taken in 1978 and 1981 regarding women’s increased opportunities within the Armed Forces. The following three defence branches: the air force, the army and the navy are investigated. A combination of a qualitative and a quantitative method are used with the source material in the form of political decisions and government investigations to answer this study’s questions. The result of this paper shows that the main argument that motivated the change towards giving women increased opportunities to get employment as a commander in the different branches of defence was equality. The second argument is that other western countries have given women better opportunities and increased their possibilities to get employment within the Armed Forces. The third argument is that by giving women increased opportunities to get employment as a commander within the three defence branches could lead to a domino effect and spread equality in other working areas that still are closed for women. The fourth argument is that this may result in loosening up the traditional gender division of labour. The decisions taken in 1978 and 1981 shows that there was a consensus among the parties and there was not any difference in voting when it comes to gender.

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Stocker, A. "The Armed Forces of Australia, Britain and Canada and the impact of culture on joint, combined and multi-national operations : a methodology for profiling national and organisational cultural values and assessing their influence in the international workplace." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/1040.

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This study identifies the influence of national and military organisational values on the cultures of the armed forces of Australia, Britain and Canada, in order to assess the impact of culture on Joint, Combined and Multinational operations. This is achieved by: · Defining culture, values and related concepts. · Outlining a viable methodology to examine and profile cultural values. · Demonstrating why values form the basis of this study. · Reviewing the body of cross-cultural academic literature on cultural values and the military. · Executing a measurement of values in a consistent and academically sound manner. · Examining national influences on the culture of the armed forces of Australia, Britain and Canada. · Examining intra- national organisational influences on the culture of the services of the armed forces of Australia, Britain and Canada. · Examining international organisational influences on the culture of the services of the armed forces of Australia, Britain and Canada. · Focusing on the values of the armed forces examined in this study in order to compare the findings with the results obtained from the Values Survey Module. · Discussing the implications of the findings of this study and demonstrate how the values of the nations and organisations that have been examined can be expected to affect future operations.

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Veldtman, Sazi Livingston. "Gender discrimination in the SANDF : women as combat soldiers in the South African Army with reference to the Western Province Command." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52283.

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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As early as the unification of South Africa in 1910 enforced discrimination in the military has been an issue that affected both race and gender. The advent of democracy in South Africa has brought fundamental changes in spheres of governance. One of these changes is the transformation of the public service of which the Department of Defence, in particular the South African National Defence Force, is part. The constitutional and judicial imperatives stipulated to the government departments to be representative of the demographic composition of the population of South Africa. The Department of Defence has provided a policy on equal opportunity and affirmative action to redress the racial and gender imbalances of the past, to protect individual and groups against unfair discrimination andto work towards achievement of employment equity. The study seeks to establish the extent and influence of gender discrimination in the South African National Defence with particular reference to the SA Army's Western Province Command. To achieve this, the attitude of the middle and top management of the WP Command towards the utilisation or employment of women in combat roles were assessed. The study also investigated whether the mentioned management does encourage women to be involved or participate in combat roles. Data was collected from respondents by means of a structured questionnaire consisting of 58 questions (plus 8 unstructured questions). The sample was drawn from the SA Army's WP Command and the focus was on middle and top management. Findings of the study indicate that the SA Army's WP Command's middle and top management supports the equality of men and women in general, but is reluctant to allow women to participate in combat roles side by side with their male counterparts. Although there seems to be an understanding and support for the policies of addressing equal opportunities, traditional cultural beliefs or stereotypes about women still shape and influence the acceptance and the non-acceptance of women in combat roles Finally, recommendations highlight issues of consideration when drafting policy vis-a-vis the utilisation of women as combat soldiers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Reeds so vroeg as Uniewording van Suid Afrika in 1910 was geforseerde diskriminasie binne die weermag 'n kwessie wat beide ras en geslag beïnvloed het. Die totstandkoming van 'n demokrasie in Suid Afrika het fundamentele veranderinge in die sfeer van Staatsbestuur te weeg gebring. Een van hierdie veranderinge het betrekking op die transformasie van die staatsdiens, waarvan die Suid Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag 'n deel is. Daar rus 'n konstitusionele en juridiese verpligting op staatsdepartmente om die demografiese samestelling van die bevolking van Suid Afrika te weerspieel. Die Department van Verdediging het 'n beleid van gelyke geleenthede en regstellende optrede ontwikkelom die rasse- en geslagsongelykhede van die verlede aan te spreek. Die beleid poog om individue en groepe teen onregverdige diskriminasie te beskerm en om billikheid in die werksomgewing te verseker. Hierdie studie poog om die omvang en invloed van geslagsdiskriminasie in die Suid- Afrikaanse Nasionale .Weermag te bepaal, met spesifieke verwysing na Kommandement Westelike Provinsie in die Suid-Afrikaanse Leer. Ten einde die omvang en invloed te bepaal is die houdings van middel- en topbestuur van Kommandement WP beoordeel met betrekking tot die aanwending of benutting van vrouens in 'n gevegsrol. Die studie poog om te bepaal of genoemde bestuurders vrouens aanmoedig om betrokke te raak by, of deel te neem in 'n gevegsrol. Data insameling het geskied deur middel van 'n gestruktureerde vraelys wat 58 vrae bevat het (Daar was ook 8 ongestruktureerde vrae ingesluit). Die steekproef is getrek uit lede van die Suid Afrikaanse Leer verbonde aan Kommandement Westelike Provinsie, met die spesifieke fokus op middel- en topbestuur. Bevindings van die studie dui daarop dat middel- en topbestuur van Kommandement Westelike Provinsie (SA Leer) oor die algemeen gelykheid tussen mans en dames ondersteun. Hulle is egter onwillig om vrouens toe te laat om sy aan sy met hul manlike eweknie in 'n gevegsrol te funksioneer. Alhoewel dit blyk dat daar begrip en steun bestaan vir die beleid wat gelyke geleenthede voorskryf, bepaal tradisionele kulturele oortuigings of stereotipes met betrekking tot vroue steeds die aanvaarding of nie-aanvaarding van vrouens in 'n gevegsrol. Die finale aanbeveling beklemtoon dat daar sekere kwessies is wat oorweging moet geniet wanneer 'n beleid ten opsigte van die benutting van vroue as soldate in 'n gevegsrol, opgestel word.

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Cnossen, Christine Lisa. "Token or full member of the team? : an examination of the utilization and status of women in combat arms positions in the armed forces of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3491.

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It is argued in this thesis that because of the androcentric nature of the military institution women in combat arms positions in the armed forces of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America are or will be tokens. In order to investigate and support the hypothesis several areas of literature had to be examined and interviews undertaken with military policy-makers/advisers, recruiters and retired female brigadier generals.Chapter One examines the broad body of literature in the field of military sociology. This chapter details the history of the evolution of the military from a mercenary force to mass armies sustained by conscription through to all-volunteer forces. It also exammes the effect of technology on the military, the changing role of the military in society, and theories of occupationalization versus the institutionalization/professionalization of the armed forces.Chapter Two examines and critiques the notions of inherent female pacifism and inherent male aggression expounded within some of the feminist literature. By detailmg a cross-cultural history of women warriors and female combatants the aforementioned notions are dismissed as untenable. Chapter Three continues with a presentation of the history of the utilization of women in the armed forces of the three countries from their first unofficial presence as "camp-followers" to the present day expanded roles in combat positions.In Chapter Four the theories of tokenism utilized in this thesis are detailed. This chapter presents and assesses the definitions of "token" and "tokenism". A review of the literature of women in male-dominated occupations and women in the military as "tokens" is also undertaken.The fifth chapter details the methodology utilized in this thesis. The fieldwork and questionnaire developmental processes, the interview questionnaires, details of the respondents and the locations of the interviews, and problems encountered in the research are presented.Chapter Six involves a presentation of the results of the interviews with military policymakers/ advisers, recruiters and retired female general officers. The results are presented on a person-by-person basis followed by overall generalizations and generalizations based on country and occupational category all of which provide the impetus for the supporting of the hypothesis.It is in the eighth chapter that theory is applied to practice in that the theories and definitions of tokens and tokenism are applied to the results of the interviews and supplemented by defence document studies to support the hypothesis that because of the androcentric nature of the military institution women in combat arms positions in the armed forces of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America are or will be tokens.

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Keith, Kelly M. "More Than Just A Pretty Face: The Women of the SOE and the OSS During World War II." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1362774570.

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27

Monethi, Dineo Cecilia. "Transformation in the South African National Defence Force : with specific reference to gender equality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80295.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Transformation is an inevitable consequence of human resource practices and includes the political imperatives, behavioural transformation and the turnaround change. Gender equality is a critical component of the United Nations Resolution on Human Rights (Resolution 1325). Women are subjected to a variety of barriers that determine their organisational experiences, and therefore the achievement of gender equity requires the elimination of patriarchal practices, stereotypes and attitudes that perpetuate their marginalisation. Striving for gender equity within the armed forces should not reduce women to being passive victims of the transformation agenda as they operate both during conflict and peace-time. The representation and empowerment of women into decision-making structures and the protection of their rights can be spearheaded through the gender mainstreaming strategies. In the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) transformation placed greater emphasis on racial representivity to the neglect of gender equity. This situation has effectively contributed to the gender dialogue which aimed to assess the implementation of gender equity objectives. Furthermore, it is the guiding principle on the participation of women in the military to enhance gender representation and the attainment of self-actualisation and excelling in their areas of responsibilities. The purpose of the study was to explore the extent to which the SANDF supports gender transformation imperatives to ensure gender equity and it further investigated gender integration within the SANDF as a supportive theoretical analysis. The conceptual framework of gender transformation and gender mainstreaming in the military, and in particular within the SANDF, in the context of Employment Equity was conducted. To make an objective and informed assessment, the attitudes and perceptions of middle management and lower management of both the SANDF were measured. Data were collected from respondents through three sessions of facilitated focus group interviews and a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The sample was drawn from the Pretoria region. The findings of the study indicated that the DOD top leadership is supportive of gender transformation by the effective promulgation of transformation policies and the improvement in the representation of women in decision-making structures. The military environment is trying to create a conducive environment for women by providing resources, the essential training for women to maximise their potential, and furthermore by allowing their inclusion in all areas including deployment areas.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Transformasie is ‘n onvermydelike gevolg van personeelbestuurspraktyk en sluit in die politieke imperatiewe, gedragstransformasie en omkeerverandering. Geslagsgelykgeregtigheid is ‘n kritieke komponent van die Verenigde Volke se Resolusie aangaande Menseregte (Resolusie 1325). Vroue word onderwerp aan ‘n verskeidenheid hindernisse wat hul organisasie ervarings bepaal en daarom vereis die bereiking van geslagsgelykgeregtigheid die uitwissing van patriargale praktyke, stereotipes en houdings wat marginalisering bevorder. Die strewe na geslagsgelykgeregtigheid binne Weermagte behoort vroue nie te degradeer tot passiewe slagoffers van die transformasie agenda nie aangesien hulle aangewend word tydens beide konflik- en vredestye. Die verteenwoordiging en bemagtiging van vroue in besluitmakende strukture en die beskerming van hulle regte kan gerig word deur geslagshoofstroming strategieë. In die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag (SANW) plaas transformasie groter klem op rasse verteenwoordiging as op die nalating van geslagsgelykgeregtigheid. Die situasie het effektief bygedra tot die geslagsdialoog wat beoog om die implementering van geslagsgelykgeregtigheid doelwitte te evalueer. Dit is ook verder die leidinggewende beginsel rakende die deelname van vroue in die militêr om geslagsverteenwoordiging te bevorder, die bereiking van selfaktualisering en uitblinking in hulle verantwoordelikeidsomgewings. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal tot welke mate die SANW geslagstransformasie imperatiewe ondersteun ten einde geslagsgelykgeregtigheid te verseker en het ook ondersoek ingestel na geslagsintegrasie binne die SANW as ‘n ondersteunende teoretiese anal ise. Die konseptuele raamwerk is geskep rakende geslagstransformasie en geslagshoofstroming in die militêr, en in besonder aangaande die SANW binne die konteks van Werkverskaffingsgelykheid. Ten einde ‘n objektiewe en ingeligte evaluering uit te voer, is die houdings en persepsies van Departement van Verdediging (DvV) militêre en siviele middelbestuurders en lae vlak bestuurders gemeet. Data is versamel van respondente tydens drie geleenthede van gefasiliteerde fokusgroep onderhoude en ‘n semi -geadministreerde vraelys. Die steekproef is geneem vanuit die Pretoria omgewing. Die bevindinge van die studie dui daarop dat die (DvV) se top-leierskap ondersteunend is aangaande geslagstransformasie deur die effektiewe uitvaardiging van transformasie beleide en die verbetering van verteenwordiging van vroue in besluitmakende strukture. Die militêre omgewing poog om ‘n omgewing te skep wat toeganklik is vir vroue deur die voorsiening van middele wat noodsaaklik is vir opleiding van vroue ten einde hul potensiaal te optimaliseer en hulle verder toegang te verleen tot alle gebiede insluitend gevegsgebiede.

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Bilger, Kristie A. "The Women's Army Corps and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service a fashioning of American womanhood and citizenship /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1256571475.

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Bauman, Lindsey M. ""A Bitter Wet-Dry Fight:" How an Infantry Regiment Influenced the Nebraska Prohibition Vote of 1944." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu149753203369463.

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30

Grönskog, Marie. "Jämställdhet inom Försvarsmakten : Vision kontra verklighet." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16905.

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Denna uppsats handlar om den svenska Försvarsmaktens jämställdhetsmål som har satts upp för att främja jämställdheten och på sikt få in fler kvinnor i organisationen. Mer specifikt handlar uppsatsen om hur kvinnorna inom Försvarsmakten anser att dessa jämställdhetsmål efterlevs. Uppsatsen baserar sig på intervjuer med tre kvinnliga yrkesofficerare som får ge sin syn på livet i och runt det militära samt på försvarets jämställdhetsarbete och hur det påverkar dem. Resultaten jag kommer fram till i denna uppsats är att Försvarsmakten för dessa tre kvinnor är en bra arbetsplats för dem, oavsett deras individuella livssituationer, men att det fortfarande finns en hel del att jobba på vad gäller jämställdhetsmålen.

This thesis is about the Swedish armed forces and the equality goals which have been established to give equal opportunities between the sexes and to encourage more women to join the armed forces. More specifically this study is about the women of the armed forces and whether they believe that these equality goals have been achieved or not. The thesis is based on interviews with three female officers employed by the Swedish armed forces. They answered questions regarding their experiences of the equality goals and about their day to day life regarding their job as well as questions about their social life. The conclusion of this thesis is that the armed forces in general seem to be good employer regarding equality, regardless of the women’s individual lifestyles, but that there is still work to do regarding the equality between the sexes.

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Hofmann, Martina. "Kvinnor och internationell tjänst." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-75.

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Trots satsningar på att rekrytera fler kvinnor har Försvarsmakten fortfarande en låg andel kvinnor anställda i myndigheten.

Försvarsmakten har svårt att fullfölja kraven på en ökad andel kvinnor på alla nivåer i internationell tjänst med knappt fem procent kvinnliga yrkesofficerare. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka vilka förutsättningar som fanns att rekrytera kvinnor till två missioner i Afghanistan, FS 14 och FS 15, att jämföra de båda missionernas rekrytering, samt att beskriva hur väl Försvarsmakten nådde upp till regeringens krav avseende kvinnlig representation i internationell tjänst.

Uppsatsen beskriver först de förutsättningar, dokument och andra styrande faktorer som ligger till grund för rekryteringen. Därefter jämförs resultaten för de båda missionerna och diskuterar de likheter och skillnader som finns.

Undersökningen visar att förutsättningarna att rekrytera kvinnor till FS 14 och FS 15 inte var särskilt goda med tanke på de fåtal procent kvinnliga yrkesofficerare som var anställda i Försvarsmakten. Intressant är att de två missionerna lyckades olika väl med rekryteringen av kvinnor, där FS 15 rekryterade fler trots ett mindre rekryteringsunderlag.

En slutsats är att den rekryteringsprocessens utformning bidrar till det låga antal kvinnor i internationell tjänst.

The Swedish Armed Forces is an organization having difficulties achieving a higher representation of women, nationally as well as internationally. Since the founding of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 in year 2000, which addresses the issue women, peace and security, the Swedish Government has formed an action plan demanding more women to be recruited to the Armed Forces. A variety of measures have been taken but women are still not even a minority among officers at only 4.7 percent. This thesis studies and compares the female representation in two missions to Afghanistan in 2008. The study is based on literature and statistics. The results do not attempt to picture a general image of the conditions applying to recruiting women, since the study is reduced to two missions in 2008. It can, however give some general indications since the statistics can be applied to the representation of women in the Swedish Armed Forces in general.

The results show that the Swedish Armed Forces did not manage to recruit enough women to either of the missions in order to fulfil the demand set by the government. Never the less, this study shows that the Armed Forces was not far from reaching the goals set by the Swedish government in the category female officers. A possible explanation to the negative results is the way the recruitment process is constituted together with the lack of precise instructions concerning the recruitment of women.

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Emanuelsson, Karin, and Jennikka Päivinen. "Formella nätverk som verktyg vid jämställdhetsintegrering : En studie av nyttan med formellt nätverk som verktyg i arbetet med jämställdhetsintegrering i en svensk myndighet." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17223.

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Bakgrund och problem: Genom flera studier har det framkommit att ovälkomna handlingar är en utbredd problematik inom den svenska Försvarsmakten. Kvinnorna har fortfarande inte en självklar plats på alla befattningar trots att Försvarsmaktens könsbundna yrkesmonopol slutade år 1989. Det formella nätverket Nätverk Officer/Anställd Kvinna (NOAK) infördes av Försvarsmakten för att hantera frågor kring ovälkomna handlingar, för att fungera som stöd och forum där kvinnor kan diskutera problem samt utbyta erfarenheter. Metod och syfte: Denna studie skall beskriva och undersöka hur ett formellt nätverk kan vara gynnsamt eller missgynnsamt som verktyg i arbetet med jämställdhetsintegrering inom en myndighet. Även medarbetarnas upplevelser av nätverket som verktyg kommer att studeras. Vidare ämnar studien till att identifiera eventuella bakomliggande faktorer till medarbetarnas upplevelser av verktyget formellt nätverk genom de sociala normer som påverkar varje individ. Detta för att beskriva och undersöka om formella nätverk är ett verktyg som fungerar vid jämställdhetsintegrering och hur detta då bör vidareutveckling och förbättras. Studiens resultat och slutsatser har baserats på semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med anställda på ett regemente, litteraturöversikt av tidigare forskning och interna dokument från Försvarsmakten. Resultat och slutsats: Under intervjuerna framkom att nätverk likt NOAK kan vara bra om det utformas på ett sätt som har ett förståeligt syfte för medarbetarna inom organisationen. I dagsläget saknas förståelse och kunskap om nätverket och dess syfte. Respondenterna uppgav nätverk som något positivt trots att de inte förstod varför de skulle delta på NOAK-mötena (Nätverk Officer/Anställd Kvinna). Bakomliggande faktorerna är främst okunskap kring jämställdhet, syfte och oviljan att delta i ett ”gnällforum”.
Background and problems: Through several studies it has emerged that unwelcome actions are a widespread problem within the Swedish Armed Forces. The women still do not have a clear place on all positions even though the Swedish Defense Monopoly's was closed in 1989. The formal network Network Officer/Employee Woman (NOAK) was introduced by the Swedish Armed Forces to handle issues concerning unwelcome actions, to serve as support and forums where women can discuss problems and exchange experiences. Method and purpose: This study aims to investigate how formal network can be beneficial or disadvantageous as a tool in the work of gender mainstreaming within an authority. The employees' experiences of the network as a tool will also be studied. Furthermore, the goal is to identify any underlying factors for the employees' experiences of the tool formal network through the social norms that affect everyone. This for research on formal networks is a tool that works in gender mainstreaming and how this should be further developed and improved. The study's results and conclusions have been based on semi-structured deep interviews with employees, literature review of previous research and internal documents from the Armed Forces. Results and conclusion: During the interviews it emerged that networks like NOAK can be good if it is designed in a way that has an understandable purpose for employees within the organization. In the current situation, there is no understanding and knowledge of the network and its purpose. The respondents stated that networks were something positive, even though they did not understand why they would participate in the NOAK meetings(Network Officer/Employee Woman). The underlying factors are primarily lack of knowledge of gender equality, purpose and unwillingness to participate in a "whining forum".

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Bolzenius, Sandra M. "The 1945 Black Wac Strike at Ft. Devens." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385398294.

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34

Verhaeghe, Linda. "Les Femmes au service de la Paix. De l'établissement de la paix à l'aide humanitaire internationale, leur engagement au sein de l'UNDPKO (United Nations Department of Peace Keeping Operations) et du CICR (Comité International de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030089.

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La présente thèse étudie le lien entre la capacité à construire un monde de paix et la place accordée aux femmes dans la société. Elle étudie plus particulièrement les instances dont la charge principale de sauvegarder la paix leur a été confiée par la Communauté Internationale - les Nations Unies et le Comité International de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge - que ce soit au sein de leurs systèmes propres, qu’au sein des programmes et missions conduits par ces dernières à travers le monde. Cette thèse cherche à montrer en quoi la paix est un concept qui ne se caractérise pas uniquement par l’absence de conflit et de destruction entre des nations et des peuples, mais aussi par la construction et le développement de sociétés modernes, libérées, justes, ainsi plus sûres. Et en quoi les inégalités qui touchent les femmes dans l’ensemble des sociétés, le non-respect de leurs droits, ainsi que leur marginalisation dans les milieux de pouvoir, politique et militaire, sont en contrepartie de réels facteurs d’instabilité, d’insécurité et un risque pour la paix mondiale
This thesis studies the link between peacebuilding throughout the world and women’s position in society. It studies more particularly the main institutions which were entrusted the responsibility of protecting peace by the International Community – the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red-Cross and the Red-Crescent – within their own system and within programs and missions worldwide. This thesis tries to demonstrate that peace is a concept which is not only characterized by the absence of conflict and destruction between nations and people, but also by the development of modern, freed, right, equal, then safer, societies. And in what, as the disparities between women and men and the disregard of women’s rights, as their marginalization in the political and military circles of powers, threaten world stability and security, and constitute a risk for international peace

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35

Smith, Alison. "Military formations : the government of military conduct." Phd thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145971.

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Cotton, Anthony James. "Some methodological issues in developing a test of general ability for the army." Master's thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144460.

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Geering, John W. ""Value for money" in defence planning." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145279.

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Lee, Paul. "Finance and financial policy in defence contingencies." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144265.

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Bopping, Derek Jeames. "Secrecy and service-loyalty in the Australian Defence Force : understanding the social psychology of problematic non-disclosure." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146526.

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Hay, David Andrew. "Military manoeuvres : national service in Australia 1945-1972." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151741.

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Dagtas, Mahiye Secil. "Married to the military family, nationalism and women's political agency in Turkey /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR31984.

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Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Social Anthropology.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-196). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & res_dat=xri:pqdiss & rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation & rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR31984.

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Deans, Carolyn. "Non-traumatic stressors in deployed military personnel : impact on mental health." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150886.

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Hosking, Kim Michelle. "Civilising violence : the 'courtisation' of the military and police, a case study of military and police officers in Australia at the turn of the twenty first century." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149762.

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Mawdsley, Jennifer Renee. "Stressors, resources, perception, and adaptation among military women during deployment." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31596.

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This study explored factors that lead to adaptation among married women in the military during the stressor of deployment. The Double ABCX Model of Family Stress and Adaptation (McCubbin & Patterson, 1 983a, 1 983b, 1 983c) provided a strong theoretical model for this study, on which the empirical model for this study was based. In this study's empirical model, the variables that led to adaptation include the stressor event of military deployment, pile-up of demands (marital pile-up, family pile-up, financial pile-up, and job pile-up), resources (personal resources, family system resources, and social support resources), and perception (perception of deployment and perception of all). The 1999-2000 United States Air Force Community Needs Assessment was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and Multiple Hierarchical Regression. The Structural Equation Modeling Analysis did not yield a path model and a Multiple Hierarchical Regression was executed in order to determine which variables in the path model contribute to adaptation. In this analysis, the independent variables were entered according to the theoretical consideration of the Double ABCX Model of Family Stress and Adaptation (McCubbin & Patterson, 1983a, 1983b, 1983c) and the proposed path model. The results Multiple Hierarchical Regression indicate that pileup of demands and resources provided a significant contribution to adaptation. However, deployment and perception did not contribute to the variance in adaptation, which was incongruent to previous findings. The most significant limitation of the study is the disadvantages of conducting a secondary analysis since measures available are less than ideal for the variables in the model. There were several benefits of the study, including the inclusion of women in the military, improvement of the Double ABCX Model of Family Stress and Adaptation (McCubbin & Patterson, 1983a, 1983b, 1983c), and potential early evaluation and intervention of families during periods of stress. Future research is indicated, focusing on extended deployments, qualitative studies exploring the role of perception in adaptation, other understudied population in the military (civilian husbands, men in the military, and dual military couples), and additional model improvement.
Graduation date: 2004

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Boyce, Kelly K. "War on-land versus war on-line : how technologies of war affect gender in the military." 1996. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2543.

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Baker, Janet. "Lest we forget: the children they left behind: the life experience of adults born to black GIs and British women during the Second World War." 1999. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8408.

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An estimated 22,000 children were born in England during the Second World War as a result of relationships between British women and .American GIs. Of these children, around 1,200-1,700 were born to African .American servicemen. These figures are estimates only; the actual number of births will never be known.
The research study is based on personal interviews with eleven members of this cohort. The interviews explore their life experience and examines their sense of identity as ex-nuptial children, of mixed-race parentage, who had no contact with and usually little information about their GI fathers. Of the eleven mothers, over half were married with at least one other child at the time of the birth. Nine participants/respondents were raised by their mother or her extended family. Two were institutionalised. At the time of the interviews all of the respondents were either searching for, or had found, their black GI fathers.
This is a qualitative study which aims to bear witness to the lived experience of this cohort and to analyse the meaning individuals gave to their experience. Data collection involved personal interviews with the eleven participants. The data was then subject to a thematic analysis and the major themes and issues identified. Content analysis was undertaken using a constructivist approach.
The interviews are presented as elicited narrative relayed through an interpretive summary. Consistency was maintained by using common questions organised within a loose interview framework. The findings were organised around the major conceptual issues and themes that emerged from the case summaries. Common themes, including resilience, racial identity, self esteem and stress were identified.
The researcher has professional qualifications as a social worker and clinical family therapist. She has ten years experience in the field of adoption, including the transracial placement of Aboriginal and overseas children in Australian families. She is also a member of the researched cohort. Issues arising when the researcher is also a member of the researched cohort are discussed in the methodology.
The experience of this cohort suggests that despite the disadvantages of their birth, they fared better than expected. The majority demonstrated high levels of resilience, successfully developing a sense of identity that incorporated both the black and white aspects of their racial heritage. However, for some this success was only achieved at considerable personal cost, with several participants reporting relatively high levels of stress and/or stress related symptoms, such as anxiety, mental illness and heart disease.

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Ferreira, Bruna Azevedo de Souza. "Contravenções disciplinares na Escola Naval: a Marinha do Brasil pela ótica da criminologia." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10919.

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Nesta dissertação são apresentadas, primeiro, as normas que regem as Forças Armadas do Brasil, em especial a Marinha, que teve militares estudados na pesquisa. A Constituição da República, a lei penal militar, a lei das contravenções disciplinares, o funcionamento calcado em disciplina e hierarquia, os postos e graduações são explicados de maneira sucinta e coesa para contextualização do trabalho. Em seguida, apresentam-se as teorias que orientaram a pesquisa, permeadas por considerações acerca da sua adequação e contribuição para o estudo. Finalmente são expostas e discutidas as entrevistas realizadas com os vinte militares que já foram punidos por contravenções disciplinares em uma das mais proeminentes organizações da Marinha, a Escola Naval, e que permanecem servindo naquele quartel. Os inquiridos discorreram sobre as infrações pelas quais foram condenados e as penalidades que cumpriram, sua visão acerca do ocorrido e de seus superiores; o conflito percebido entre oficiais e praças; seu histórico familiar e social, sua opinião quanto ao papel e à posição ocupada pelas mulheres naquela Força Armada, entre outras questões atuais e relevantes do ponto de vista criminológico. Trata-se de uma oportunidade ímpar de conhecer e estudar mais a fundo a realidade infracional-disciplinar de um grande quartel militar, visando a entender e, possivelmente, combater futuras ocorrências similares.
This study first presents the rules governing the Armed Forces of Brazil, especially the Navy, which had military personnel heard in the research. The country’s Constitution, its military criminal law, the law of disciplinary misdemeanors, the discipline and hierarchy in which the Armed Forces are based on, the positions and graduations are all explained in a succinct and cohesive way to contextualize the investigation. Then the theories that guided the research are presented, permeated by considerations about their adequacy and contribution to the study. Finally, interviews with the twenty military personnel who have been punished for disciplinary misdemeanors in one of the most prominent naval organizations, the Naval School, and who remain serving in that barracks are exposed and discussed. Respondents talked about the offenses for which they have been convicted and their penalties; their view of the incident and of their superiors; the perceived conflict between officers and their subordinates; their families and social backgrounds, their opinions about the role and position of women in the military, and other current and criminologically relevant issues. This was a unique opportunity to acknowledge and study more deeply the infraction-disciplinary reality of a large military barrack, in order to understand and possibly combat similar future occurrences.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Australia – Armed Forces – Women'

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