Journal articles on the topic 'Australia Archival resources'
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Roberts, Priscilla. "British Commonwealth Archives from Far North to Distant South: Neglected Resources for Cold War International History." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 29, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 133–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-29020003.
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Abstract British Commonwealth archives constitite a rich and often under-utilized source of material for understanding the international history of the 20th and 21st centuries. From the late 19th Century onward, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand each enjoyed close and confidential relations with not just Britain, but with each other and increasingly, too, with the United States. They also participated in major international organizations at both an official and non-governmental level. Although or perhaps because each was a “middle” rather than “great” power, as each country developed its own diplomatic bureaucracy, their representatives often had informal and even intimate insights into the policies of a wide range of countries. This article introduces the highlights of each nation’s major archival repositories for materials relating to international affairs. While the holdings of the Library and Archives of Canada in Ottawa, the National Archives of Australia and the National Library of Australia in Canberra, and the National Archives of New Zealand in Wellington all feature prominently, the author casts a wider net and draw researchers’ attention to additional important and often under-utilized collections scattered across the different countries.
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Tuohy, Ian R. "A Proposal for an Australian Space Astronomy Data Centre." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 7, no. 1 (1987): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000021901.
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AbstractThe concept of a national centre for the analysis of archival and contemporary space astronomy data has been identified as a highly desirable objective by the Australian astronomical community for a number of years. With the approaching launch of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the time is now appropriate to actively pursue this objective. HST will generate a data archive of unique astrophysical significance over the course of the ≥ 20 year mission. It is essential that Australian astronomers have efficient access to this resource, both to maintain our position at the forefront of astronomical research, and to complement our major ground-based facilities (particularly the AAT and the Australia Telescope). An Australian facility would provide efficient access to HST data and also to the analysis tools and expertise necessary for utilizing the data. Archival data from other NASA and ESA missions could also be supported, and in the longer term, the facility could become the science centre for the Lyman/Quasat missions.This paper presents the case for an Australian Space Astronomy Data Centre, reviews the astronomy missions of relevance, and addresses the role, scope and implementation timescale of the facility. Preliminary estimates are given for the resources that will be required, and possible routes for funding the centre are outlined. Above all, the report is intended as a Discussion Paper to promote further consideration of the concept and of the service that could be provided to the Australian astronomical community.
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McIntyre, John Alexander. "New Education beyond the school: Rosemarie Benjamin’s Theatre for Children, 1937-1957." History of Education Review 47, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-11-2017-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the work of Rosemary Benjamin’s Theatre for Children in Sydney as a compelling narrative of the New Education in Australia in the late 1930s, an historical moment when theatre for children emerged as a cultural experiment rich in educational ideas. Design/methodology/approach Contemporary sources and archival records are explored through several interpretive frames to develop a historical account of Benjamin’s Theatre for Children from 1937 to 1957. Findings Benjamin’s concept of children’s theatre was shaped by English progressive education as much as the Soviet model she extolled. She pursued her project in Sydney from 1937 because she found there a convivial European emigré community who encouraged her enterprise. They understood her Freudian ideas, which commended the use of the symbolic resources of myth and fairy tales to help children deal with difficult unconscious material. Benjamin also analysed audience reactions applying child study principles, evidence of the influence of Susan Isaacs and the New Education Fellowship. More successful as a Publicist than a Producer, Benjamin was able to mobilise support for her educational cause among performers, parents, cultural figures and educational authorities. Her contribution was to pave the way for those who would succeed with different models of theatre for children. Originality/value This is the first study to employ archival sources to document the history of the Theatre for Children, Sydney and address its neglect as a theatre project combining educational and theatrical values.
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Jones, Michael, and Richard Vines. "Cultivating capability." Records Management Journal 26, no. 3 (November 21, 2016): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-11-2015-0035.
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Purpose This paper aims to advocate that significant human and systems-based capabilities (termed “socio-technical capabilities”) need to be developed in government departments and other public sector organisations to support more effective description of information resources, collections and their context in online environments. Design/methodology/approach The ideas in this paper draw upon the findings of several action research interventions undertaken within a government department in Victoria in Australia since 2011 as part of a knowledge management initiative. Specific focus is given to the design and development of a new record-centric knowledge curation tool (KCT). Findings Effective functioning of KCT relies upon the input of well-structured, standards-based metadata used to describe collections, information resources and their context. The central claim is that the move towards standards-based descriptions will fundamentally change the capabilities required to manage, search for and disseminate knowledge and records. Research limitations/implications In addition to the capabilities discussed, management of records and knowledge through time requires commitments to stable repository, workflow and administrative systems, and working with contemporary systems involves technical knowledge such as the use of application programming interfaces. These aspects are not discussed here. Practical implications The capabilities discussed in this paper are socio-technical in nature. This means there is a requirement to shift current perspectives about who is responsible for managing organisational information as collections. Originality/value While some of the concepts discussed will be familiar to information professionals, the paper provides a unique description of how existing archival and recordkeeping practices are being integrated in innovative ways within organisations outside the information management professions.
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Graham, Natalie, Emily Telfer, Tancred Frickey, Gancho Slavov, Ahmed Ismael, Jaroslav Klápště, and Heidi Dungey. "Development and Validation of a 36K SNP Array for Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D.Don)." Forests 13, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020176.
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Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) is one of the world’s most domesticated pines and a key economic species in New Zealand. Thus, the development of genomic resources for radiata pine has been a high priority for both research and commercial breeding. Leveraging off a previously developed exome capture panel, we tested the performance of 438,744 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on a screening array (NZPRAD01) and then selected 36,285 SNPs for a final genotyping array (NZPRAD02). These SNPs aligned to 15,372 scaffolds from the Pinus taeda L. v. 1.01e assembly, and 20,039 contigs from the radiata pine transcriptome assembly. The genotyping array was tested on more than 8000 samples, including material from archival progenitors, current breeding trials, nursery material, clonal lines, and material from Australia. Our analyses indicate that the array is performing well, with sample call rates greater than 98% and a sample reproducibility of 99.9%. Genotyping in two linkage mapping families indicated that the SNPs are well distributed across the 12 linkage groups. Using genotypic data from this array, we were also able to differentiate representatives of the five recognized provenances of radiata pine, Año Nuevo, Monterey, Cambria, Cedros and Guadalupe. Furthermore, principal component analysis of genotyped trees revealed clear patterns of population structure, with the primary axis of variation driven by provenance ancestry and the secondary axis reflecting breeding activities. This represents the first commercial use of genomics in a radiata pine breeding program.
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Rutherford, Leonie. "Forgotten Histories: Ephemeral Culture for Children and the Digital Archive." Media International Australia 150, no. 1 (February 2014): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415000115.
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The history of children's popular culture in Australia is still to be written. This article examines Australian print publication for children from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth centuries, together with radio and children's television programming from the 1950s to the 1970s. It presents new scholarship on the history of children's magazines and newspapers, sourced from digital archives such as Trove, and documents new sources for early works by Australian children's writers. The discussion covers early television production for children, mobilising digital resources that have hitherto not informed scholarship in the field.
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Dicinoski, Michelle. "Digital Archives and Cultural Memory: Discovering Lost Histories in Digitised Australian Children’s Literature 1851–1945." Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/pecl2012vol22no1art1135.
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The full-text digitisation of literary works can have some unexpected benefits for researchers in and outside of the field of literary studies. While the broader availability and easier distribution of the text is a clear and intended result of digitisation, the preservation of extra-textual material—such as bookplates, inscriptions, advertisements, and marginal notes—is an unintended result that can help to expand our knowledge of literary networks, reading practices, and cultural history. This kind of material was preserved by the Children’s Literature Digital Resources Project (CLDR), whichdigitised nearly 600 works of early Australian children’s literature—including poetry, short stories, novels, and picture books—that were first published during the period 1851-1945. The CLDR resources are available online through AustLit: The Australian Literature Resource (austlit.edu.au)1. This article will look closely at some of the material found in the CLDR texts, including evidence of the books’ provenance (found in bookplates, book labels, inscriptions, and a handwritten letter), a newspaper clipping, and advertisements. Describing these discoveries can never be as informative as actually showing them, and for this reason, this essay has a companion online resource trail, ‘Digital Traces of Past Lives: Bookplates, Inscriptions, and Ephemera Discovered in Digitised Books,’ that guides readers through the digitised texts2. The discoveries are often surprising, moving, and unexpectedly informative. They remind us of the books’ material lives, their previous owners, and their status as physical and cultural artefacts. They can also tell us a little about historical literary and artistic networks in Australia, and the position of children’s book authors and illustrators within those networks. However, in order to make best use of these kinds of serendipitous discoveries, the infrastructure housing digital archives must be able to facilitate the search for this kind of material, as this article will go on to discuss.
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Harris, Rachel. "“Armed with Glamour and Collection Tins”: Femininity and Voluntary Work in Wartime South Australia, 1939–45." Labour History: Volume 117, Issue 1 117, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2019.20.
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Between 1939 and 1945, more than 500 voluntary organisations operated across South Australia, the largest with a membership of more than 30,000 women. Focusing on the voluntary activities of these South Australian women – which ranged from providing material comforts for servicemen to fundraising as participants in beauty and pin-up competitions – this article reveals that female voluntarism was a highly visible and ubiquitous part of the home front experience in Australia during World War II. Oral histories, press reports and archival sources show that female voluntary work was considered crucial to the upkeep of male morale, and thus functioned to ease concerns regarding the war’s impact on traditional gender relations. In practice, however, the close relationship between paid and unpaid work meant voluntarism did not necessarily limit the wartime gains of South Australian women. Instead the rhetoric used to describe women’s voluntary work obscured the social and economic benefits it often provided.
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Maroske, Sara, Libby Robin, and Gavan McCarthy. "Building the History of Australian Science: Five Projects of Professor R.W. Home (1980–present)." Historical Records of Australian Science 28, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr16018.
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R. W. Home was appointed the first and, up to 2016, the only Professor of History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) at the University of Melbourne. A pioneering researcher in the history of Australian science, Rod believes in both the importance and universality of scientific knowledge, which has led him to focus on the international dimensions of Australian science, and on a widespread dissemination of its history. This background has shaped five major projects Rod has overseen or fostered: the Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science (a monograph series), Historical Records of Australian Science (a journal), the Australian Science Archives Project (now a cultural informatics research centre), the Australian Encyclopedia of Science (a web resource), and the Correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller Project (an archive, series of publications and a forthcoming web resource). In this review, we outline the development of these projects (all still active), and reflect on their success in collecting, producing and communicating the history of science in Australia.
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Whipp, Robyn K., Ian D. Lunt, Andrew Deane, and Peter G. Spooner. "Historical forest survey data from Eucalyptus - Callitris forests: a valuable resource for long-term vegetation studies." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 7 (2009): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09154.
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Quantitative information about historical changes in natural ecosystems is important for guiding management interventions. However, few accurate data sources are available for documenting long-term vegetation changes. In this paper, we describe a neglected source of quantitative information on historical forest structure: forest inventory strip surveys, which were widely used in eastern Australia from 1915 to the 1940s. Strip surveys provide quantitative information on the species composition, stem density, basal area, stem form and size class distributions of dominant tree species. Such information is not available from other widespread data sources. Strip surveys usually surveyed 10% of the total forest area. In this paper, we describe the original survey methods, demonstrate how to decode data-book entries, and analyse a sample dataset from the Pilliga State Forests in northern New South Wales to illustrate the information that can be obtained from this material. Strip survey data-books are poorly archived. Many books exist for Eucalyptus–Callitris forests in northern and central NSW, and additional books may exist for many other forest types in eastern Australia. Strip surveys provide a valuable data source for studying long-term vegetation changes in forest ecosystems. We urge forest managers to search for and preserve this precious archival material.
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Fu, Yi, Elizabeth Carson, and Roger Simnett. "Transparency report disclosure by Australian audit firms and opportunities for research." Managerial Auditing Journal 30, no. 8/9 (October 5, 2015): 870–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-06-2015-1201.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to compare the information disclosed by leading Australian audit firms in their first-time audit firm transparency reports. Australia has mandated the preparation and release of transparency reports by audit firms in 2013 to provide better information to stakeholders about audit firms, their governance and their internal governance systems. These reports promote increased transparency regarding issues which are believed to contribute to audit quality. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of an archival analysis where the authors summarise the governance and other information for the 21 leading Australian audit firms as disclosed in their first-time 2013 transparency reports. Findings – The authors find that audit firms meet the minimum transparency report disclosure requirements, but have different approaches to governance in the areas which may impact audit quality. These areas include: the internal quality control systems, independence practices, continuing education and partners’ remuneration structures. The authors identify specific areas where transparency reports may give rise to future research opportunities. Originality/value – Australia is one of the first countries to require audit firms to publish transparency reports, and this is the first study to examine these reports. By summarising transparency report disclosures, we present a comprehensive picture of how Australian leading audit firms govern and oversee their business activities. This is useful to transparency report preparers, report users and regulators.
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Gibson, Jason. "Cultivating the “Proletarian Outlook”: Towards a History of the Left in Central Australia, 1920–75." Labour History: Volume 118, Issue 1 118, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2020.4.
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This article presents a history of left-wing ideas and activities in central Australia from the 1920s through to the 1970s. Although the central Australian region, and the Alice Springs district in particular, is now often associated with various Aboriginal rights struggles and other protest movements, little is known about the presence of left-wing influences prior to the 1970s. Working from archival sources, this paper begins to build up a picture of how leftists and, in particularly, those associated with the Communist Party of Australia struggled to make their presence felt in a predominantly conservative socio-economic milieu. The intent of this article is to sketch out the various historical figures, events and ideological contests that came to influence the political identity of Australia’s most isolated and scantily populated heartland over a number of decades. These vignettes also reveal how leftist politics did, and did not, have an effect on the Aboriginal rights campaigns that followed in the 1970s and onwards.
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Tongori, Ágota. "A World Re-Created : The Life of The Hungarian Ballet Dancer, Dance Educator, and Choreographer Kalman Solymossy in Australian Emigration." Tánc és Nevelés 3, no. 2 (2022): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46819/tn.3.2.125-156.
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After fleeing Hungary due to his participation in the 1956 revolution, Kalman Solymossy left behind his renowned status as a dancer of the Budapest Opera House and had to start his life from scratch. Dance held a central position in Solymossy’s life, whatever the circumstances. Although there was no demand for dancers when he arrived in Australia, his everlasting optimism, endurance and courage helped him stick to the path he had chosen, leading him to establish the largest ballet school of his time in Australia while educating and supporting dancers, many of whom later chose dance as their profession. With his choreography and his presence on TV, Solymossy significantly contributed to the cultural life of Australia and its Hungarian community. The present article is based on primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, relying mainly on convenience sampling of the available resources accessed through both Australian and Hungarian online archives. This study presents a critical period in Solymossy’s influential career and highlights a number of uncertain aspects of his life, topics which have so far been sparsely examined.
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Russell, Alison, Lynda Penny, and Cecilia Pemberton. "Speaking Fundamental Frequency Changes Over Time in Women: A Longitudinal Study." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 1 (February 1995): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3801.101.
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Archival recordings of the human voice are a relatively untapped resource for both longitudinal and cross-sectional research into the aging voice. Through the availability of collections of old sound recordings, speech pathologists and voice scientists have access to a wealth of data for research purposes. This article reports on the use of such archival data to examine the changes in speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) in a group of Australian women's voices over the past 50 years, and discusses the benefits and problems associated with using archival data. Recordings made in 1945 of women were compared with recordings of the same women made in 1993 to investigate the changes in SFF with age. The results demonstrate a significant lowering of SFF with age in this group of Australian women. The implications for the interpretation of cross-sectional data on the aging voice, the use of archival data in voice research, and the need for further research using archival data are discussed.
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Swartzburg, Susan G. "Resources for the conservation of Southeast Asian art." Art Libraries Journal 18, no. 2 (1993): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200008336.
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There is a desperate and urgent need to conserve works of art and documentary materials in Southeast Asia, where the rigours of the climate and the effects of war and political unrest have ravaged the cultural heritage. An initiative launched by Cornell University in Cambodia, with the intention of preserving documentary materials and training Cambodian librarians in conservation techniques, may result in the development of a badly-needed regional centre which would complement the National Archives of the Philippines, and the Regional Conservation Centres established by IFLA on the Pacific rim, in Australia and Japan. Information and expertise are available from UNESCO, ICOMOS, ICCROM, ICOM, the Getty Conservation Institute, IIC, IADA, IPC, IFLA, ICA, and other international and US organisations.
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Grove, C. A., J. Zinke, F. Peeters, W. Park, T. Scheufen, S. Kasper, B. Randriamanantsoa, M. T. McCulloch, and G. J. A. Brummer. "Madagascar corals reveal Pacific multidecadal modulation of rainfall since 1708." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 2 (March 12, 2012): 787–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-787-2012.
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Abstract. The Pacific Ocean modulates Australian and North American rainfall variability on multidecadal timescales, in concert with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). It has been suggested that Pacific decadal variability may also influence Indian Ocean surface temperature and rainfall in a far-field response, similar to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on interannual timescales. However, instrumental records of rainfall are too short and too sparse to confidently assess such multidecadal climatic teleconnections. Here, we present four climate archives spanning the past 300 yr from giant Madagascar corals. We decouple 20th century human deforestation effects from rainfall induced soil erosion using spectral luminescence scanning and geochemistry. The corals provide the first evidence for Pacific decadal modulation of rainfall over the Western Indian Ocean. We find that positive PDO phases are associated with increased Indian Ocean temperatures and rainfall in Eastern Madagascar, while precipitation in Southern Africa and Eastern Australia declines. Consequently, the negative PDO phase that started in 1998 should lead to reduced rainfall over Eastern Madagascar and increased precipitation in Southern Africa and Eastern Australia. We conclude that the PDO has important implications for future multidecadal variability of African rainfall, where water resource management is increasingly important under the warming climate.
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Stuart, Katharine. "Methods, methodology and madness." Records Management Journal 27, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-05-2017-0012.
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Purpose This paper aims to present findings from a recent study examining current records management as fit for digital government in Australia. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on findings from the first phase of research for a postdoctoral degree. This research was collected through an online quantitative survey of government records management professionals in Australia. The survey’s purpose was to understand whether the profession has kept pace with advances in, and expectations of, digital government. Building on the findings of the survey, this paper explores the concepts of methodology and methods and applies them to current digital records management in the Australian Government. Methodology for Australian Government digital records management is contained in the 2015 Digital Continuity 2020 policy. However, measuring method proved more difficult. The researcher supplemented data published by the National Archives of Australia and the Department of Finance with data from her own research to measure the validity of methods by examining suitability of current requirements. Findings Australian Government records management professionals overwhelmingly feel requirements, organisational culture and behaviour form a barrier to implementing successful records management programs. This paper finds that the Australian Government is buying ten times more digital storage per year than the sum of all of the digital Australian Government records known. This suggests perhaps not all records are recognised. While there will always be more storage than records, the ratio should not be so inflated. Further problems are found with requirements for records management being seen as mostly paper-based and too resource intensive to be of use. This research, combined with a contemporary literature review, shows that there is an imbalance with the current methodology and methods and asks the question: Has a methodology (Digital Continuity 2020) been created without suitable and known methods being in place? Research limitations/implications The method for collecting survey data was based on self-reporting, which can lead to limitations in that the population sample may exaggerate their response or demonstrate bias. However, responses to the survey were common enough to eliminate bias. The study is based on the Australian Government; however, findings may translate to other governments. This paper presents findings from the first phase of research of a postdoctoral degree. Not all findings are presented, only those relevant to the topic. Originality/value As the Australian Government moves to become a true digital government, records management is still required to ensure accountability of government actions and decisions. However, while the government transitions to digital, and information stores continue to grow, the question of whether records management has kept up with the rapid pace of digital information flow and expansion does not need to be asked. Instead, the time has come to ask, “What can we do to keep up?”
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Martyr, Philippa. "A brief history of forensic mental health services in Western Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (January 31, 2017): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217689914.
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Objective: To scope the history of forensic mental health services in Western Australia since colonisation. Method: A range of primary sources, including archives, reports, and oral histories was consulted. Results: Forensic mental health services were identified as historically poorly managed, under-resourced, and inconsistently delivered. Conclusions: Current problems with forensic mental health services may be linked to historical factors.
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WINTERTON, SHAUN L. "Revision of the stiletto fly genus Neodialineura Mann (Diptera: Therevidae): an empirical example of cybertaxonomy." Zootaxa 2157, no. 1 (July 14, 2009): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2157.1.1.
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The endemic Australian genus Neodialineura Mann is revised to include 13 species. Three species are previously described: N. nitens (White) and N. saxatilis (White) from southern mainland Australia and Tasmania, and N. striatithorax Mann from eastern Australia. Ten species are described as new, including N. ataxia sp. nov., N. atmis sp. nov., N. bagdad sp. nov, N. bifaria sp. nov., N. litura sp. nov., N. polygramma sp. nov., N. signum sp. nov., N. spinosa sp. nov., N. tessella sp. nov. and N. trichidion sp. nov. This revision serves as an empirical example for modernising the process of documenting global biodiversity by making taxonomic description and key development more efficient by avoiding redundancy in data handling and using digital media. Complete taxonomic descriptions were generated using online specimen and image databases, and a character matrix in Structured Descriptive Data (SDD) format developed in Lucid Builder to simultaneously generate natural language descriptions and an interactive key. Numerous web resources are provided with taxonomic descriptions throughout the document including: a) links to archived images of all species on Morphbank, b) registration of authors, publications, taxon names and other nomenclatural acts in Zoobank, with assignment of Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) for each, c) links to Genbank accession records for DNA sequences, and d) assignment of LSIDs to specimen records with links to respective records in an online Therevidae specimen database. Colour images of male and female specimens of all Neodialineura species are included, along with a traditional dichotomous key to species.
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Smith, Bruce. "ATUA: Australian Trade Union Archives on the Web." Labour History, no. 82 (2002): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516851.
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Akter, Kohinur, Muhammad Ali, and Artemis Chang. "Work–life programmes and organisational outcomes: the role of the human resource system." Personnel Review 49, no. 2 (November 8, 2019): 516–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-10-2018-0408.
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Purpose Empirical findings on the link between work–life programmes and organisational performance have been inconsistent, demanding further investigation of contextual factors. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This study uses social exchange theory, strategic human resource (HR) management theory and stakeholder theory to examine the relationship between work–life programmes and organisational outcomes, using three performance measures: perceived organisational performance, financial performance and corporate social responsibility (CSR). It also investigates the moderating effect of HR systems on the work–life programmes–performance relationship. The hypotheses were tested in 192 organisations in Australia, using data from an HR manager survey and archival databases. Findings The findings support the hypotheses that work–life programmes are positively associated with all three measures of performance. The results partially support the moderating effect of HR systems on the relationship between work–life programmes and perceived organisational performance. Originality/value This study provides pioneering evidence for the moderating effect of HR system on the work–life programme–performance relationship. It also includes the rarely studied CSR as an outcome of work–life programmes.
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Franks, Rachel, and Donna Lee Brien. "'Take the Most Tender Part of the Kangaroo': Locating archival and other food studies resources in Australian public collections." Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2012): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajpc.2.1.107_1.
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Monroy Cuevas, Erick. "Necesidad de una política de preservación digital para los archivos." Legajos. Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación 8, no. 08 (October 1, 2015): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31911/bagn.2015.8.08.101.
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La tecnología informática brinda numerosas ventajas para la creación, almacenamiento y distribución de información. Sin embargo, aún no ofrece opciones efi caces para preservar la integridad, la autenticidad o la fi abilidad de documentos en el largo plazo. El presente artículo muestra la importancia de las políticas de preservación para enfrentar la obsolescencia tecnológica. Para ello se ubican las políticas de preservación como una rama del campo más general denominado políticas de información. Asimismo, se muestran ejemplos concretos sobre la metodología para el diseño de un marco de políticas de preservación digital con base en los hallazgos de los Archivos Nacionales de Australia, los Archivos Nacionales de Inglaterra y del proyecto Electronic Resource Preservation and Access Network de la Comisión Europea.
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Wiltshire, Kelly. "From Archaeologist to Archivist." Advances in Archaeological Practice 5, no. 3 (July 25, 2017): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2017.14.
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ABSTRACTMoving image archives—like many other archives—are considered a passive repository of knowledge extraction, rather than an active site of knowledge production. Following the premise that archives are indeed a source of knowledge production, this article explores how moving image archives have the potential to produce new and alternative knowledges by bringing to light factors that may have influenced archaeological practice, factors captured within a moving image archive but obscured or marginalized within linear accounts of this practice. While such an archive may exist unevenly, the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) has been historically positioned to develop a moving image archive that features a number of well-known archaeological investigations. Yet this archive and similar moving image archives remain overlooked and underutilized resources. In order to address this, emphasis is placed on producing detailed, searchable, and retrievable content description for moving image archives. In doing so, this article maintains that the knowledge and experience brought to the management of this archive following the author's transition “from archaeologist to archivist,” is key to promoting the discoverability and accessibility of this archive with potential clients in the archaeological, academic, and broader community.
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Barnes, Joel. "Collegial governance in postwar Australian universities." History of Education Review 49, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-12-2019-0050.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the structures of collegial governance in Australian universities between 1945 and the “Dawkins reforms” of the late 1980s. It describes the historical contours of collegial governance in practice, the changes it underwent, and the structural limits within which it was able to operate.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based upon the writings of academics and university administrators from the period, with more fine-grained exemplification provided by archival and other evidence from Faculties of Arts and their equivalents in newer universities.FindingsElements of hierarchy and lateral organisation coexisted in the pre-Dawkins university in ways not generally made explicit in the existing literature. This mixture was sustained by ideals about academic freedom.Research limitations/implicationsBy historicising “collegiality” the research problematises polemical uses of the term, either for or against. It also seeks to clarify the distinctiveness of contemporary structures—especially for those with no first-hand experience of the pre-Dawkins university—by demonstrating historical difference without resort to nostalgia.Originality/value“Collegiality” is a common concept in education and organisation studies, as well as in critiques of the contemporary corporate university. However, the concept has received little sustained historical investigation. A clearer history of collegial governance is valuable both in its own right and as a conceptually clarifying resource for contemporary analyses of collegiality and managerialism.
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Behrend, Dawn. "Sex & Sexuality Module II: Self-Expression, Community and Identity." Charleston Advisor 23, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.23.1.53.
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Sex & Sexuality, Module II: Self-Expression, Community, and Identity published by Adam Matthew Digital is a collection of digitized primary sources obtained from archives in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia with content from the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries “showing the shifting attitudes and varied experiences of sexuality.” While covering the full range of human sexuality, the collection primarily focuses on the LGBTQ+ experience. This module will be a beneficial resource for academic programs studying gender and human sexuality at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Sex and Sexuality makes use of the artificial intelligence capabilities of Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) to enable keyword searching of handwritten documents. The documents and images in the collection have been meticulously digitized by Adam Matthew Digital making them discoverable, visually appealing, and adjustable. The proprietary interface is intuitive to navigate with the product being compatible with a range of browsers and electronic devices. Contract provisions are standard to the product and permit for use across locations and interlibrary loan sharing. As pricing is primarily determined by size and enrollment, the collection may be affordable for libraries of varying sizes. Users seeking more current, global primary and secondary resources on gender, women's, and LGBTQ+ topics may find ProQuest's GenderWatch a more suitable choice. Those seeking information on sexuality from the sixteenth to mid-twentieth centuries, or a more global perspective from the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries, may prefer modules three and four respectively of Gale's Archives of Sexuality & Gender.
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Spencer, Les. "Therapeutic communities and new social movements in Latin America, Southeast Asia, Oceania and Australia." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 40, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-04-2018-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce prolonged therapeutic community action research and compare research on new social movements in both Latin America and throughout the Australasia Southeast Asia Oceania Region where the later region’s new social movements emerged in large part from Therapeutic Community Outreach. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative method used combined prolonged depth interviews, action research, gathering warm data (N Bateson) and archival research and triangulated the findings. In writing this paper, a connoisseur derived narrative method is used consistent the socio-cultural contexts involved. Findings The characteristics and significant implications and values of these new social movements are outlined. These new social movements are not taking familiar forms with political power as an identifier – rather, a core feature is their transformatory potential in re-forming socio-cultural and socio-psychic patterns of everyday social relating penetrating the micro-structures of society. New forms of social movement are lively in unexpected public places within everyday socio-cultural life. Research limitations/implications The research implications extend to providing processes used in pioneering TCs in Australia in the 1960s. Practical implications Co-action outlined may be a resource for therapeutic communities under threat in parts of the world. Social implications The transformatory potential within new social movements is not political, but socio-cultural and any focus on power relations would miss this shift. Originality/value The action research overviewed in this paper is perhaps a unique example of prolonged engagement in integrated action research on TC processes over more than 60 years.
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Hally, B., L. Wallace, K. Reinke, and S. Jones. "ASSESSMENT OF THE UTILITY OF THE ADVANCED HIMAWARI IMAGER TO DETECT ACTIVE FIRE OVER AUSTRALIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 22, 2016): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-65-2016.
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Wildfire detection and attribution is an issue of importance due to the socio-economic impact of fires in Australia. Early detection of fires allows emergency response agencies to make informed decisions in order to minimise loss of life and protect strategic resources in threatened areas. Until recently, the ability of land management authorities to accurately assess fire through satellite observations of Australia was limited to those made by polar orbiting satellites. The launch of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Himawari-8 satellite, with the 16-band Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI-8) onboard, in October 2014 presents a significant opportunity to improve the timeliness of satellite fire detection across Australia. The near real-time availability of images, at a ten minute frequency, may also provide contextual information (background temperature) leading to improvements in the assessment of fire characteristics. This paper investigates the application of the high frequency observation data supplied by this sensor for fire detection and attribution. As AHI-8 is a new sensor we have performed an analysis of the noise characteristics of the two spectral bands used for fire attribution across various land use types which occur in Australia. Using this information we have adapted existing algorithms, based upon least squares error minimisation and Kalman filtering, which utilise high frequency observations of surface temperature to detect and attribute fire. The fire detection and attribution information provided by these algorithms is then compared to existing satellite based fire products as well as in-situ information provided by land management agencies. These comparisons were made Australia-wide for an entire fire season - including many significant fire events (wildfires and prescribed burns). Preliminary detection results suggest that these methods for fire detection perform comparably to existing fire products and fire incident reporting from relevant fire authorities but with the advantage of being near-real time. Issues remain for detection due to cloud and smoke obscuration, along with validation of the attribution of fire characteristics using these algorithms.
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Kilpatrick, Sue, Sherridan Emery, Jane Farmer, and Peter Kamstra. "Wellness Impacts of Social Capital Built in Online Peer Support Forums." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315427.
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The study reported in this paper sought to explore whether and how social capital resources were generated on online peer support mental health forums, and how they were used by rural users to influence mental health outcomes. Interviews with rural users of three Australian online peer support mental health forums were analysed to identify interactions that accessed social capital resources and mental wellness outcomes that flowed from these. Analysis drew on a model of simultaneous building and using of social capital to uncover the nature of the social capital resources present on the forum and how they were built. Findings show that forums were sites for building ‘knowledge resources’ including archives of users’ experiences of navigating mental illness and the mental health service system; and ‘identity resources’ including a willingness to contribute in line with forum values. The knowledge and identity resources built and available to rural users on the forums are facilitated by forum characteristics, which can be viewed as affordances of technology and institutional affordances. Operation by trusted organisations, moderation, a large network of users and anonymity created a safe space that encouraged reciprocity and where users exchanged information and social support that helped them maintain better mental wellness.
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Bell, Alan R., Janette Martin, and Sigrid McCausland. "Labour's Memory: A Comparison of Labour History Archives in Australia, England, Wales and Scotland." Labour History, no. 88 (2005): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516035.
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Tulbure, M. G., M. Broich, and Stephen V. Stehman. "SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF SURFACE WATER EXTENT FROM THREE DECADES OF SEASONALLY CONTINUOUS LANDSAT TIME SERIES AT SUBCONTINENTAL SCALE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-403-2016.
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Surface water is a critical resource in semi-arid areas. The Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) of Australia, one of the largest semi-arid basins in the world is aiming to set a worldwide example of how to balance multiple interests (i.e. environment, agriculture and urban use), but has suffered significant water shrinkages during the Millennium Drought (1999-2009), followed by extensive flooding. Baseline information and systematic quantification of surface water (SW) extent and flooding dynamics in space and time are needed for managing SW resources across the basin but are currently lacking. <br><br> To synoptically quantify changes in SW extent and flooding dynamics over MDB, we used seasonally continuous Landsat TM and ETM+ data (1986 – 2011) and generic machine learning algorithms. We further mapped flooded forest at a riparian forest site that experienced severe tree dieback due to changes in flooding regime. We used a stratified sampling design to assess the accuracy of the SW product across time. <br><br> Accuracy assessment yielded an overall classification accuracy of 99.94%, with producer’s and user’s accuracy of SW of 85.4% and 97.3%, respectively. Overall accuracy was the same for Landsat 5 and 7 data but user’s and producer’s accuracy of water were higher for Landsat 7 than 5 data and stable over time. <br><br> Our validated results document a rapid loss in SW bodies. The number, size, and total area of SW showed high seasonal variability with highest numbers in winter and lowest numbers in summer. SW extent per season per year showed high interannual and seasonal variability, with low seasonal variability during the Millennium Drought. <br><br> Examples of current uses of the new dataset will be presented and include (1) assessing ecosystem response to flooding with implications for environmental water releases, one of the largest investment in environment in Australia; (2) quantifying drivers of SW dynamics (e.g. climate, human activity); (3) quantifying changes in SW dynamics and connectivity for water dependent organisms; (4) assessing the impact of flooding on riparian vegetation health. The approach developed here is globally applicable, relevant to areas with competing water demands (e.g. Okavango River delta, Mekong River Basin). Future work should incorporate Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 data for continued quantification of SW dynamics.
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Cahir, Fred, Rolf Schlagloth, and Ian D. Clark. "The Historic Importance of the Koala in Aboriginal Society in New South Wales, Australia: An Exploration of the Archival Record." ab-Original 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/aboriginal.3.2.172.
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Abstract The principal aim of this study is to provide a detailed examination of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century archival records that relate to New South Wales Aboriginal peoples' associations with koalas and gain a greater understanding of the utilitarian and symbolic significance of koalas for Aboriginal communities as recorded by colonists during the early period of colonization. Anthropological discussions about the role and significance of koalas in Australian Aboriginal society have been limited, some sources are unreliable and interpretation is at times divisive. Many scholars have previously highlighted how using only historical sources as its reference point it is difficult to discern with great specificity that Aboriginal peoples in other regions of New South Wales commonly ate the koala and used its skin. Through a critique of historical sources, we demonstrate that the ethno-historical evidence is inconclusive as to whether they were an integral food source for much of the time period covered by this paper in the area now called the state of New South Wales. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the extent of their use varied across regions and between tribal groups and was likely to have been traditionally associated with lore specific to certain cultural groups, and may have involved dreaming stories, and gendered roles in hunting and resource use, and other aspects of spiritual belief systems.
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Sobande, Francesca, Laetitia Mimoun, and Lez Trujillo Torres. "Soldiers and superheroes needed! Masculine archetypes and constrained bodily commodification in the sperm donation market." Marketing Theory 20, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470593119847250.
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Extant research on bodily commodification emphasizes contexts, where market actors can pursue commodification in relatively unconstrained ways. However, scant research examines how marketers foster bodily commodification in markets, where institutional constraints limit the value which can be extracted, produced and/or exchanged. We fill this gap by studying sperm donation services in the United Kingdom and Australia, where a number of governmental regulations limit bodily commodification and value creation processes. Using an archival analysis of visual and textual material, we find that sperm banks in these constrained contexts strategically rely on the marketing of masculine archetypes as a source of value. This article delineates the concept of constrained bodily commodification and its marketing implications. Moreover, it evidences sociocultural discursive mechanisms by which marketers attempt to overcome constrained commodification issues. Specifically, we emphasize the role of gender archetypes as a resource, which allows sperm banks’ marketers to transfer identity value to the donor and donation experience. Finally, this article also has implications for the theorizing of value creation by expanding our understanding of how value is created during consumer disposition processes.
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Kendrick, Madeleine Iris, Timothy Bartram, Jillian Cavanagh, and John Burgess. "Role of strategic human resource management in crisis management in Australian greenfield hospital sites: a crisis management theory perspective." Australian Health Review 43, no. 2 (2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17160.
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Objective This study examined strategic human resource management (SHRM) activities in two case hospitals relative to their approach to greenfield site success. Methods A comparative case study analysis approach was used, with documents sourced from public, open-access sites. The theoretical framework of crisis management theory’s (CMT) proactive management and open communication channels was used to examine the documents, which were annual reports addressing both hospitals’ first year of performance, union publications and transcripts of relevant parliamentary inquiries. Results The hospital that effectively used CMT in its first 12 months was demonstratively more ‘successful’ than the hospital that reported to not have effectively used CMT. ‘Success’ in this project was articulated as the hospital’s ability to consolidate operations, without ongoing negative media attention, after 12 months. Conclusion This study provided an identification of how the use of CMT in a hospital’s greenfield stage can increase the hospital’s chances of ‘success’. What is known about the topic? Journal and media articles illustrated a gap in greenfield human resource management (HRM) regarding successful consolidation, especially the healthcare context. Although manufacturing firms are addressed in academic literature in a greenfield context, there is a lack of knowledge concerning successful greenfield HRM in a healthcare context. What does this paper add? This study is among the first to identify the role of CMT in successful greenfield site establishment by identifying its presence in management activities. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings of this study suggest a potential link between the implementation of CMT and greenfield site success. This could allow future greenfield healthcare sites to operate with less cost and risk. The lack of stakeholder participation in the present study limits the applicability of its findings. However, archival document analysis provides a strong foundation for future studies.
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Krause, Claire E., Vanessa Newey, Matthew J. Alger, and Leo Lymburner. "Mapping and Monitoring the Multi-Decadal Dynamics of Australia’s Open Waterbodies Using Landsat." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081437.
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Water detection algorithms are now being routinely applied to continental and global archives of satellite imagery. However, water resource management decisions typically take place at the waterbody rather than pixel scale. Here, we present a workflow for generating polygons of persistent waterbodies from Landsat observations, enabling improved monitoring and management of water assets across Australia. We use Digital Earth Australia’s (DEA) Water Observations from Space (WOfS) product, which provides a water classified output for every available Landsat scene, to determine the spatial locations and extents of waterbodies across Australia. We generated a polygon set of waterbodies that identified 295,906 waterbodies ranging in size from 3125 m2 to 4820 km2. Each polygon was used to generate a time series of WOfS, providing a history of the change in surface area of each waterbody every ~16 days since 1987. We demonstrate the applications of this new dataset, DEA Waterbodies, to understanding local through to national-scale surface water spatio-temporal dynamics. DEA Waterbodies provides new insights into Australia’s water availability and enables the monitoring of important landscape features such as lakes and dams, improving our ability to use earth observation data to make meaningful decisions.
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Zhang, Ying, and Chris Huxham. "Collective identity construction in international collaborations." Journal of General Management 45, no. 3 (April 2020): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306307019886181.
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This article explores the dynamic processes of collective identity formation among the participating organizational members in interorganizational collaborations that cross national boundaries. A longitudinal, qualitative multi-case study research approach was adopted in the empirical investigation of collective identity in three international business collaborations that involve a Sino-British strategic partnership, a Sino-Australian, and a Sino-Polish joint venture. Based on the analyses of the data collected from in-depth interviews, participant observation, and archival materials, a theoretical framework of collective identity (re)formation is developed. It suggests that two inseparable elements (states and processes) constitute a cyclic and enduring process of collective identity formation through partners’ orchestrating discursive resources involving a common sense of ‘we-ness’. The shifts between various states are driven by partners’ processes of negotiation, integration, solidification, and reformation of collective identity. A deconstruction process may also emerge, giving rise to the termination of the collaborative relationship. The research presented in this article advances the understanding of collective identity formation in the field of organizational identity by extending the discursive perspective of collective identity into the context of interorganizational collaborations that cross national borders. This research also provides further empirical evidence on the active role played by organizational members in the use of cultural narratives as strategic resources to express their identity beliefs, which differs from the deterministic view of culture in shaping organizational members’ behaviors.
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Hughes, Michael, and Roy Jones. "From productivism to multi-functionality in the Gascoyne - Murchison Rangelands of Western Australia." Rangeland Journal 32, no. 2 (2010): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09079.
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A sustainability assessment of the Western Australian (WA) rangelands identified a range of issues associated with regional economic decline typical of many marginal rangeland regions in Australia. As part of a regional rejuvenation strategy, the WA state government purchased selected pastoral lease properties for incorporation into the conservation estate. It was intended as a means of land-use transition from mono-functional productivism to multi-functionality incorporating protection of significant rangeland bioregions and development of tourism. A 1-year project was conducted to assess the issues relating to this transition. Archived information was obtained from government relating to the characteristics of the lease properties at the time they were purchased. Site visits were undertaken to purchased leases acquired by the government as well as neighbouring leases. During site visits, interviews with pastoralists and purchased lease managers were conducted. A series of facilitated community discussion groups in the region was held to ascertain the views of landholders and managers, government representatives, indigenous interests and commercial operators in the region. This paper describes how the transition to a combination of protection and consumption exchanged one set of problems for another. This was due partly to the intrinsic character of the land, in terms of previous overgrazing, isolation, large distances, and limited infrastructure and services. More importantly, the top-down approach to land transition failed to allocate adequate management resources to replace those lost when the former pastoral leaseholders left. The consequences of inadequate management included theft and rapid degradation of assets, inadequate control of pests and weeds; inadequate fire prevention management and poor communication between the government and other stakeholders over management decisions. This paper discusses the dynamics of this WA rangeland transition with reference to the multi-functional rural transition concept.
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Helmholz, P., D. Bulatov, B. Kottler, P. Burton, F. Mancini, M. May, E. Strauß, and M. Hecht. "QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF URBAN INFILL ON THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT – A CASE STUDY FOR AN ALTERNATIVE MEDIUM DENSITY MODEL." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W1-2021 (September 3, 2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w1-2021-43-2021.
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Abstract. Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) impact the quality of life in many urban centres. Metropolitan areas of Australian cities and urbanised regional centres, in particular, show vulnerability towards UHIs due to challenging climatic conditions and the model of greater subdivision of established properties whereby backyards and mature trees are replaced with more residential dwellings and sealed areas. The measurements for the UHI mitigation, such as imposing reforestation, employing sustainable and medium density housing build form typology must be quantified. Simulation-based identification and mitigation of UHIs can be used for planning decisions. There are several advantages to use simulations. For instance, alternative subdivision design, building design and the placement of trees and other measures is only required in the digital twin. Experimenting with the digital twin saves resources and maximises the outcome by being able to quantify the heat reduction. The aim of this work is to quantify the impact of the current urban infill methods on UHI. We focus on an area that has gone through a process of re-subdivision that is bounded by roads within Perth, Western Australia. For the same area we propose an alternative design with an urban infill model based on a medium density housing guidelines with an improved green space allocation. While the current model shows significant effects of UHIs we could mitigate those effects in the alternative proposed model. In our simulation the hottest surfaces are roads with a temperature of approximately 45 °C at 2PM in the afternoon. In the current model close to 100% of the road surfaces reach this temperature. In contrast, in the alternative model only 45% of all road surfaces reach this temperature, significantly reducing the impact of UHI for pedestrian walking close by to those roads. At 2PM, the most frequent temperature of all surfaces for the current model is around 44 °C while the alternative’s model the most frequent temperature is approximately 28 °C – a difference of 16 °C.
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Kattel, G. R., X. Dong, and X. Yang. "A century scale human-induced hydrological and ecological changes of wetlands of two large river basins in Australia (Murray) and China (Yangtze): development of an adaptive water resource management framework." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 8 (August 24, 2015): 8247–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-8247-2015.
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Abstract. Recently, the provision of food and water resources of two of the world's large river basins, the Murray and the Yangtze, has been significantly altered through widespread landscape modification. Long-term sedimentary archives, dating back to past centuries, from wetlands of these river basins reveal that rapid, basin-wide development has reduced resilience of biological communities, resulting in considerable decline in ecosystem services, including water quality. In particular, large-scale human disturbance to river systems, due to river regulation during the mid-20th century, has transformed the hydrology of rivers and wetlands, causing widespread disturbance to aquatic biological communities. Historical changes of cladoceran zooplankton (water fleas) were used to assess the hydrology and ecology of three Murray and Yangtze River wetlands over the past century. Subfossil assemblages of cladocerans retrieved from sediment cores (94, 45 and 65 cm) of three wetlands: Kings Billabong (Murray), Zhangdu and Liangzi Lakes (Yangtze) strongly responded to hydrological changes of the river after the mid-20th century. River regulation caused by construction of dams and weirs, and river channel modifications has led to hydrological alterations. The hydrological disturbances were either: (1) a prolonged inundation of wetlands, or (2) reduced river flow, which caused variability in wetland depth. These phenomena subsequently transformed the natural wetland habitats, leading to a switch in cladoceran assemblages preferring poor water quality and eutrophication. An adaptive water resource management framework for both of these river basins has been proposed to restore or optimize the conditions of wetland ecosystems impacted by 20th century human disturbance and climate change.
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Martinov‐Bennie, Nonna, Jeffrey Cohen, and Roger Simnett. "Impact of the CFO's affiliation on auditor independence." Managerial Auditing Journal 26, no. 8 (September 6, 2011): 656–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02686901111161322.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the potential impact of two affiliation factors, as encapsulated by the chief financial officer's (CFO) prior organizational (alumnus vs non‐alumnus) and professional background (audit vs non‐audit ex‐partner), on auditor independence in post‐Enron and post‐HIH era.Design/methodology/approachThe study is a 2×2 factorial between subjects experimental design with 52 audit partners and managers as participants. The two manipulated independent variables are client CFO prior firm affiliation (alumni vs non‐alumni) and professional background (audit partner vs non‐audit partner providing taxation, accounting and other non‐audit services).FindingsThe results of the study do not appear to signal loss of independence and professional skepticism in auditors' judgment when dealing with an alumni or ex‐auditor CFO. On average, auditors' endorsement of the client's preferred aggressive accounting treatment is low and the audit adjustment is material and significantly greater than the client's proposed adjustment.Originality/valueThe 2001 corporate collapses of Enron in the USA and HIH in Australia have reshaped the auditing profession. HIH, the most publicized corporate fraud in Australia resulting in estimated losses of $5 billion, was partly blamed on Arthur Andersen yielding to management's aggressive accounting policies and failure to display independence as a result of close relationships between the former partners and the audit team. As distinct from a number of prior studies conducted pre‐Enron and pre‐HIH, the results of this study, conducted with experienced audit professionals in Australia, do not support a loss of independence and professional skepticism by auditors in the current post‐Enron and post‐HIH environment and are consistent with the findings of the only other recent experimental study by Kerler III and Killough examining the closeness of the auditor‐client relationship. The results are also consistent with results of recent archival studies which find a decline in earnings management behavior, either because of reduced management incentives or reduced auditor willingness to consent. The evidence of this study lends supports to the latter explanation.
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Tucker, Basil P., and Lee D. Parker. "The question of research relevance: a university management perspective." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 1247–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-01-2018-3325.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the issue of research relevance from the frame of reference of university leaders. Its specific aim is to gain insights into how “relevance” is conceptualised, and the underlying assumptions upon which such conceptualizations are based. Design/methodology/approach Adopting an inductive approach, the study collects and analyses data from semi-structured interviews with 31 senior research-related university leaders, and archival sources in five Australian universities. Findings Research relevance is primarily viewed as a means of responding to government and political imperatives, as a pathway to ensuring university legitimacy, and as a means of generating further resources. The authors apply this understanding to develop a framework that adopts a nuanced view of relevance, reflecting what is driving research, and to whom research is principally targeted. Research limitations/implications The evidence-base upon which the study is based represents a relatively small number of university leaders of Australian universities. Moreover, restricting the investigation to a few senior hierarchical levels nonetheless offers insights into high level organisational drivers hitherto neglected in the accounting research literature on university strategy, governance and accountability. While not addressing perceptions across the university population, this study focusses on and unpacks the social construction of relevance of this select group as research policy makers. Originality/value As one of the few empirically informed investigations exploring the issue of research relevance from the perspective of university leaders, this study provides insights rather than “answers”. Its findings therefore serve as a foundational basis for further empirical and theoretical enquiry.
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Liaw, Siaw‐Teng, Chris Pearce, and Mike Keppell. "Developing a Web‐based learning network for continuing medical education." Journal of Workplace Learning 14, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13665620210421911.
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Describes the development in Australia of TeleQACE, a Web‐based learning environment, which allows clinicians to participate in interactive learning at times that suit them. The design addressed the balance between richness of content and bandwidth to reach geographically dispersed regions. The guiding philosophy was shared knowledge and interaction based around actual experience and cases developed by practicing academic general practitioners in consultation with specialists. A constructivist approach, focused on discussion to build a “basic case” into an “advanced case” over a learning cycle of 13‐16 weeks, was adopted. Knowledge gaps and suggestions from participants guided the development of a “basic” case into its “advanced” equivalent which was re‐presented to the participants, accompanied by relevant reference material, for reflection and interaction. The final outcome was a “model case”, archived for ongoing reference by the group. Participation rates appear to be consistent with other Internet‐based continuing medical education programs.
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Nandan, Ruvendra, and Susan Ciccotosto. "Networks in knowledge-intensive industry: the case of a regional accountants' network." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 2–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-01-2012-0008.
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Purpose – The paper aims to explore the reasons behind the formation of a regional accountants' network located in North Queensland, Australia, and examine in depth how relationships are constituted and maintained between the network members. The study also looks at the benefits arising from the network, structural constraints and the reasons behind its demise. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopts a more contemporary theoretical perspective which draws upon the notion of social capital that facilitates networks' capacity and capabilities for creating, sharing and accessing knowledge. This field study considers the specific case of the Cairns Regional Accountants' Forum (CRAF), a network of small and medium sized public accounting firms located far away from the metropolitan centres in Australia. Apart from the relevant archival data, senior partners/principals of 12 accounting firms were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. Three further interviews were held with the non-active members of the CRAF and telephone calls were made to the Regional Tax Practitioner Forum to discuss their involvement with the local accountants. Findings – Using the framework of social capital within the community of practice, this study has explored the use of informal regional network built by accounting principals for the efficient transfer of and access to knowledge between network members. When the knowledge became freely available, the cost of network building exceeded the benefits of belonging and the network collapsed. Practical implications – The paper has practical implications for accounting practitioners, particularly in regional/rural settings and for the accounting profession as a whole. Originality/value – First, very little is known about informal networks in knowledge-intensive firms stretched out in regional/rural settings. Second, the network in this study is different from many networks identified in the literature that have focused on innovation and competitive advantage. Finally, this study adopts a more integrated framework that explores how social capital is constituted and reconstituted in the network interaction process.
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Organ, Michael, Barry Howarth, and Ewan Maidment. "Light from the Tunnel: Collecting the Archives of Business and Labour at The Australian National University." Labour History, no. 92 (2007): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516212.
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Ali, Muhammad. "Determinants and consequences of board size: conditional indirect effects." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 18, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-01-2016-0011.
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Purpose Board size is an important dimension of corporate governance. The purpose of this study is to propose and test indirect effects of organization size on organizational performance via board size, in the context of industry. Design/methodology/approach The study’s predictions were tested in 288 medium and large organizations listed on the Australian Securities Exchange using archival data. Findings The findings of this study suggest the following: organization size is positively associated with board size and this relationship is stronger in manufacturing organizations; board size is positively associated with performance and this relationship is conditional on industry; and organization size has an indirect effect on performance via board size, and this indirect effect is also conditional on industry. Research limitations/implications The results provide some support for the resource dependency theory, agency theory and contingency theory. Practical implications The findings suggest that directors should take into account the effects of board size and industry to provide a more precise assessment of the board’s performance. Originality/value It predicts and tests the pioneering moderating effect of industry (manufacturing vs services) on the organization size–board size, board size–organizational performance and organization size–board size–organizational performance relationships.
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Grove, C. A., J. Zinke, F. Peeters, W. Park, T. Scheufen, S. Kasper, B. Randriamanantsoa, M. T. McCulloch, and G. J. A. Brummer. "Madagascar corals reveal a multidecadal signature of rainfall and river runoff since 1708." Climate of the Past 9, no. 2 (March 13, 2013): 641–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-641-2013.
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Abstract. Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures (SST) influence rainfall variability on multidecadal and interdecadal timescales in concert with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Rainfall variations in locations such as Australia and North America are therefore linked to phase changes in the PDO. Furthermore, studies have suggested teleconnections exist between the western Indian Ocean and Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV), similar to those observed on interannual timescales related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, as instrumental records of rainfall are too short and sparse to confidently assess multidecadal climatic teleconnections, here we present four coral climate archives from Madagascar spanning up to the past 300 yr (1708–2008) to assess such decadal variability. Using spectral luminescence scanning to reconstruct past changes in river runoff, we identify significant multidecadal and interdecadal frequencies in the coral records, which before 1900 are coherent with Asian-based PDO reconstructions. This multidecadal relationship with the Asian-based PDO reconstructions points to an unidentified teleconnection mechanism that affects Madagascar rainfall/runoff, most likely triggered by multidecadal changes in North Pacific SST, influencing the Asian Monsoon circulation. In the 20th century we decouple human deforestation effects from rainfall-induced soil erosion by pairing luminescence with coral geochemistry. Positive PDO phases are associated with increased Indian Ocean temperatures and runoff/rainfall in eastern Madagascar, while precipitation in southern Africa and eastern Australia declines. Consequently, the negative PDO phase that started in 1998 may contribute to reduced rainfall over eastern Madagascar and increased precipitation in southern Africa and eastern Australia. We conclude that multidecadal rainfall variability in Madagascar and the western Indian Ocean needs to be taken into account when considering water resource management under a future warming climate.
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Gedeon, T. D. "Multimedia Information Compression Technologies." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 4, no. 6 (November 20, 2000): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2000.p0401.
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<em>Introduction</em> We are drowning in data. What kinds of data? - Text. Images. Sound. Numeric. Genome data. Text: Every day vast amounts of textual data are generated. This ranges from private corporate data, personal information, public and private government documents and so on. Much of this data needs to be accessed by many users for many tasks. For example, a corporate call centre needs fast access to documents at a semi-concept level to answer user requests. Another example: large litigations can involve 2 million documents, 200,000 of which are relevant, much fewer significant, and a handful pivotal. Techniques are desperately needer to automate the first few steps of this winnowing. Images: There are video cameras everywhere, trying to protect our safety in car parks, public places, even some lifts. There are huge and ever growing still and video archives of all aspects of our modern world. Access and indexing this data is a huge research enterprise. Much indexing is done manually. Sound: Often in concert with video in multi-media recordings. But what did the Prime Minister say on the 1st of November about the Republic? Did he sound like he meant it? These are currently not easily answered queries except if carried out by an expert human investigator. These kind of queries will need to be commonplace to access sound data in humanly meaningful ways. Numeric: Our industries generate vast amounts of valuable numeric data. In the petroleum industry geologic knowledge must be integrated with data from wells: laboratory core analysis data and on-site well logs, with seismic data generated from controlled explosions and dispersed recording devices. Then there is GIS data collected from satellites and so on. In the service industry, the stock exchange generates large amounts of hard to analyse data vital to the wellbeing of Australian companies. Genome data: The human genome project is almost complete. Researchers are finding genes by a mix of laboratory work and computerised database searches (e.g. as reported in the Weekend Australian 30 October). This is just the first step, the next will be sequencing of a number of individuals, and of course there are currently over 100 whole genome sequencing projects on other species. Fast genome sequencing is just around the corner. We will soon be drowning in this kind of data also. Multimedia data: Includes all of audio, text, graphics, images, video, animation, music. More data! <em>What Is The Real Problem?</em> Manual extraction of information from any large corpus is time con-suming and expensive, requiring specialised experience in the material. Even worse, beyond a certain point it is incredibly boring, and hence error prone. Human intelligence is best suited to dealing with information, as distinct to data! <em>A Solution</em> The development of automated systems for information extraction, and for the synthesis of the extracted information into humanly useful information resources. To avoid drowning in the ever increasing flow of multi-modal electronic information available, automated tools are required to reduce the cognitive load on users. <em>STEPS TOWARDS A SOLUTION</em> The key step towards a solution is the notion of information compression, being the compression of data to yield an information rich(er) resource. This is distinct from data compression which is merely the efficient storage of data. Further, the information compression must work on multi-model complex data, exemplified by multimedia data. Some of the techniques for doing this kind of information compression exist in a scattered way in areas such as fuzzy systems, and image analysis. We have identified a nascent field, which we can coalesce in an intensive short workshop. The first Australia-Japan Joint Workshop on Applications of Soft and Intelligent Computing to Multimodal and Multimedia Information Compression Technologies was held at Murdoch University in Perth, Western Australia from the 29 March to 5 April 2000. This special issue contains selected papers from the workshop.
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Likens, Gene E., Keith F. Walker, Peter E. Davies, Justin Brookes, Jon Olley, William J. Young, Martin C. Thoms, et al. "Ecosystem science: toward a new paradigm for managing Australia's inland aquatic ecosystems." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 3 (2009): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08188.
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Freshwater ecosystems are a foundation of our social, cultural, spiritual and economic well being. The degraded condition of many of Australia’s river ecosystems is testament to our failure to manage these resources wisely. Ecosystem science involves the holistic study of complex biophysical systems to understand the drivers that influence ecological pattern and process. Ecosystem science should underpin both water management and policy. Our understanding of aquatic ecosystems lags behind the increasing problems caused by past land and water management. Current post-graduate training programmes will not provide the aquatic ecosystem scientists needed by government and management agencies to prevent further degradation. We advocate new initiatives to capture the skills, knowledge and innovation of our research community by engaging scientists and managers in large-scale, long-term ecosystem science programmes across Australia and to integrate these programmes with community aspirations, policy, planning and management. We call on management agencies to increase their support for and uptake and use of ecosystem science. We also advocate establishment of national archives for long-term ecologically-relevant data and samples, and clear custodial arrangements to protect, update and facilitate knowledge-transfer. These initiatives need to be supported by more extensive, better-funded post-graduate and post-doctoral programmes in ecosystem science and management.
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Vance, Lenny, Maria M. Raciti, and Meredith Lawley. "Beyond brand exposure: measuring the sponsorship halo effect." Measuring Business Excellence 20, no. 3 (August 15, 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-07-2015-0037.
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Purpose Global spending on sponsorship continues to rise and many companies now establish portfolios containing a range of sponsorships across sport, arts and cause-related activities. Yet a lack of practical methodologies for the measurement and comparison of sponsorship performance within a portfolio context remains a challenge. Sponsors often rely solely on proxy measures for brand exposure drawn from advertising. These do not capture the higher-level outcomes of sponsorship awareness and goodwill transfer, often attributed to sponsorship as a ‘halo effect’. This paper aims to present a matrix tool that combines consumer awareness of and goodwill for a sponsorship so the halo effects of sponsorships within a portfolio can be quantified and compared. Design/methodology/approach This archival analysis study is based on six years of brand tracking data (comprising some 15,500 consumer surveys) supplied by a large Australian company. A sponsorship portfolio matrix is developed to measure the halo effect. Findings This study demonstrates that a sponsorship’s halo effect can be measured and comparisons can be drawn across sponsorship types within a portfolio. The study shows that despite the significantly higher levels of brand awareness achieved by commercially oriented professional sports sponsorship types, community relations oriented sponsorship types achieve a greater halo effect because of their more positive impact on the sponsor’s brand attributes. Originality/value The matrix provides a valuable tool by which sponsorships can be compared, evaluated and managed to meet the longer-term brand and marketing objectives of a company.
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Sell, Zach. "Asian Indentured Labor in the Age of African American Emancipation." International Labor and Working-Class History 91 (2017): 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000375.
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AbstractThis article examines transnational connections between African American emancipation in the United States and Chinese and Indian indenture within the British Empire. In an era of social upheaval and capitalist crisis, planters and colonial officials envisioned coolies as a source of uninterrupted plantation labor. This vision was often bound to the conditions of African American emancipation. In British Honduras, colonial officials sought to bring emancipated African Americans to the colony as labor for sugar plantations. When this project failed, interest turned toward indentured Chinese labor managed by white planters from the U.S. South. In India’s North-Western Provinces, the outbreak of famine came to be seen as a “kindred distress” to the crisis in Lancashire’s textile industry. Unemployed English factory workers were seen as suffering from famine due to the scarcity of slave-produced cotton, just as colonial subjects suffered from scarcity of food. While some weavers in the North-Western Provinces were taken into the coolie trade, the emigration of unemployed Lancashire weavers was looked to as a possible alternative to indenture. Drawing upon archives in Australia, Belize, Britain, India, and the United States, this article explores connections between seemingly disparate histories. By focusing upon their interrelation, this article locates the formation of crisis not in raw materials, but rather within a transnational struggle over racialized labor exploitation, or what W.E.B. Du Bois called the “dark and vast sea of human labor.”