Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Australia and China'
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1
Tham, Szu-Shen. "Piercing the corporate veil: Australia and China." Thesis, Tham, Szu-Shen (2014) Piercing the corporate veil: Australia and China. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/25665/.
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While Australia has long adopted the corporate veil piercing doctrine from the UK model, China has only recently enacted veil piercing provisions in 2006. This thesis compares Australia’s long standing veil piercing doctrine and China’s recent veil piercing enactment to determine which jurisdiction provides better veil piercing laws in protecting creditors’ interests. The findings of this thesis are significant for creditors such as foreign lenders or business partners who wish to choose a wellprotected and safe market in which to invest.
This thesis will provide a discussion and comparison on Australia’s and China’s directors’ duties to prevent insolvent trading and instances in which veil piercing can occur. There will be an addition of another jurisdiction, United States in lieu of China, because China’s insolvent trading laws are based on US laws and there is a dearth of academic literature in the area of insolvent trading laws in China.
This thesis will argue that Australia has better veil piercing laws to protect creditors’ interests compared to China due to the very limited scope of China’s veil piercing laws, which are drafted in vague terms and the Chinese civil legal system (in which the doctrine of precedent is absent). In addition, the author suggests that this is due to the fact that many companies are still State Owned Enterprises in China, subject to strong political influence and therefore protective of state shareholders.
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Singatouline, Evgueni Ardinatovich. "In Between: Eluosi people of China and Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21838.
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For many, the Sino-Ruso border line is nothing but the longest geographical division marker between two different states. However, it was once a place where two cultures met, a place where some hundred years ago a unique mixed-race ethnic group emerged. This thesis conducts a study of the Eluosi ethnic minority group, descendants of mixed-ethnic marriages between Russian women and Chinese men. Australia harbours many of them now and in this country these people are better known as Russian Chinese. At this point in time, conducting research on this group, both in Australia and China, is crucial for a number of reasons. Firstly, to my knowledge, there is no existing scholarship of this group in English. Secondly, the original culture of the Eluosi community is dying out while a new hybrid culture is forming with the younger generations providing cultural shifts in the minority group. Thirdly, the Eluosi provide a unique example of a transnational mixed-ethnic and mixed-race group that lives in-between national, ethnic and cultural boundaries. Comparing the histories and experiences of their minority status in both China and Australia will contribute to and extend existing scholarship on ethnos, migration, diaspora, ethnic policy and multiculturalism. Theoretically, Chinese and Russian scholarship on ethnos and ethnogenesis is articulate, especially through the ideas of the Soviet Russian scholar Lev Gumilev. This thesis illuminates the ways in which Chinese government policies and cultural ideas recognise and categorise ethnic difference and construct a new Eluosi identity and how these are similar to and differ from notions of multiculturalism in Australia. Focusing on history of the Eluosi people in context of Sino-Ruso relations, their material and spiritual culture (language, religion, food, art of singing) and gender roles within the ethnic group, this thesis deploys a mixed methodology on Chinese and Australian material. I draw on my multilingual skills (Russian, Chinese and English) to collect and translate a wide variety of sources on this group, including academic publications, newspapers, other periodical publications in Chinese, Russian, and English. I conduct a discourse analysis of policy materials on the Eluosi specifically and ethnic minority groups more generally in China. Finally, I examine publicly available ethnographic data on the Eluosi community in Sydney, Australia and explore their hybrid culture with comparable generations of the Eluosi community in Erguna County of Inner Mongolia, China.
3
Bray, Barbara. "Chinese-Australian relations from 1969 to 1983, with special emphasis on the role played by the two major Australian parties /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb8266.pdf.
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Pan, Wen. "The Chinese outbound tourist market to Australia : strategies of Australian tourism product suppliers into the Chinese market." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36331/1/36331_Pan_1999.pdf.
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Understanding the Chinese tourism market to Australia is important for managers
of Australian tourism product suppliers, marketing practitioners and academics,
when China is an emerging market to Australia. This research examines
contemporary issues in the Australian tourism product suppliers tapping into the
Chinese tourism market. The research problem in this thesis is:
How do Australian tourism product suppliers develop their strategies into the
Chinese outbound tourism market?
A case study methodology was applied in this research by interviewing the major
players of Australian tourism product suppliers. The iterative research design
was applied in this research due to the lack of previous research. Data from indepth
interviews with key senior managers from case studies is analysed by
within-case and cross-case analysis. From the findings, it is evident that
cun-ently it is still at the early stage to talk about the Chinese outbound tourism
market to Australia, because Australia was granted Approved Destination Status
by the Chinese government on 22 April 1999. Nevertheless, the characteristics
of Chinese travel patterns, the characteristics of Chinese tourists to Australia, the
problems that the Australian tourism product suppliers of Australia have met and
their strategies to solve these problems are investigated based on the previous
experience of the Australian tourism product suppliers dealing with the Chinese
tourism market.
The major contribution of this research is the development of the understanding
of the Chinese tourism market integrating all the detailed findings of the three
research issues to answer the research problem in this research. The thesis also
suggests the possible theoretical and practical ways for Australian tourism
product suppliers to develop their strategies into the Chinese tourism market.
5
Guo, Xiumei. "Immigrating to and ageing in Australia: Chinese experiences." Thesis, Guo, Xiumei (2005) Immigrating to and ageing in Australia: Chinese experiences. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/89/.
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Chinese communities, large or small, exist in almost every country in the world. The huge Chinese diaspora has played a big role in the global economy. Those in Australia are no exception. The first significant Chinese immigration to Australia came in the 1850s during the gold rush era. Since then Chinese immigration to Australia has gone through up and down periods. However, only after the diplomatic relationship between Australia and China was established in 1972, did mainland Chinese begin to come to Australia directly from China. Since 1978 when China opened its door to the world and started its economic reform, more and more Chinese students have come to Australia. In particular, after the Tiananmen Square Incident in 1989, a significant number of Chinese became Australian permanent residents and contributed to the fast growth of the established Chinese community in Australia.
This thesis analyses immigration and ageing issues relating to the Australian Chinese community, which is now not only one of the oldest in Australia, but also one of the biggest, and economically, one of the most dynamic communities. It draws a historical and contemporary picture of overseas Chinese in Australia, including the Chinese migrants who remained in this country after the Tiananmen Square Incident. This study developed a model to investigate a wide range of factors that drive population movement between Australia and China. The determining factors include a wide range of push and pull forces that change constantly with the overall political, economic and environmental developments. The research findings claim that the pull, push and enabling factors interact with each other to influence Chinese people's decision to migrate from China to Australia. It becomes apparent that there are certain determinants which can help explain, understand and project this complex process in the future.
This study further proves that Chinese migrants in Australia have made the smooth, but challenging transition between their native and adopted countries. Being involved into the Australian mainstream society, Chinese Australians have achieved economic adaptation and enjoy living in their new country. In addition, Chinese citizens who are studying as international students in Australia are potential skilled migrants and they are likely to apply for migration status after completing their studies. It is believed that Australia continues to be one of the most desired Western migration destinations for Chinese nationals and the magnitude of the Chinese ethnic community in Australia will continue to grow. In the future, the number of elderly Chinese in Australia is likely to increase as the majority of current economically active Chinese intend to retire in Australia and more older Chinese are expected to migrate to Australia for family reunion. As part of the general issues of Australian ageing population, this study attempts to raise the awareness of the challenging life-style of the Chinese elderly in Australia now and future.
This study offers convincing evidence that Chinese immigrants play a vital bridging role in promoting business and trade between Australia and China. Due to China's economic growth, their movement between these two countries will be more frequent. Overall, this study provides important considerations for policy makers and will benefit the broad communities, migrants and policy planners in understanding the model of Chinese immigration into Australia. The insights gained from this study should have important policy implications for a more sustainable way of living not only in Australia, but also in China and other countries with Chinese immigrants.
6
Guo, Xiumei. "Immigrating to and ageing in Australia : Chinese experiences /." Guo, Xiumei (2005) Immigrating to and ageing in Australia: Chinese experiences. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/89/.
Full textAbstract:
Chinese communities, large or small, exist in almost every country in the world. The huge Chinese diaspora has played a big role in the global economy. Those in Australia are no exception. The first significant Chinese immigration to Australia came in the 1850s during the gold rush era. Since then Chinese immigration to Australia has gone through up and down periods. However, only after the diplomatic relationship between Australia and China was established in 1972, did mainland Chinese begin to come to Australia directly from China. Since 1978 when China opened its door to the world and started its economic reform, more and more Chinese students have come to Australia. In particular, after the Tiananmen Square Incident in 1989, a significant number of Chinese became Australian permanent residents and contributed to the fast growth of the established Chinese community in Australia.
This thesis analyses immigration and ageing issues relating to the Australian Chinese community, which is now not only one of the oldest in Australia, but also one of the biggest, and economically, one of the most dynamic communities. It draws a historical and contemporary picture of overseas Chinese in Australia, including the Chinese migrants who remained in this country after the Tiananmen Square Incident. This study developed a model to investigate a wide range of factors that drive population movement between Australia and China. The determining factors include a wide range of push and pull forces that change constantly with the overall political, economic and environmental developments. The research findings claim that the pull, push and enabling factors interact with each other to influence Chinese people's decision to migrate from China to Australia. It becomes apparent that there are certain determinants which can help explain, understand and project this complex process in the future.
This study further proves that Chinese migrants in Australia have made the smooth, but challenging transition between their native and adopted countries. Being involved into the Australian mainstream society, Chinese Australians have achieved economic adaptation and enjoy living in their new country. In addition, Chinese citizens who are studying as international students in Australia are potential skilled migrants and they are likely to apply for migration status after completing their studies. It is believed that Australia continues to be one of the most desired Western migration destinations for Chinese nationals and the magnitude of the Chinese ethnic community in Australia will continue to grow. In the future, the number of elderly Chinese in Australia is likely to increase as the majority of current economically active Chinese intend to retire in Australia and more older Chinese are expected to migrate to Australia for family reunion. As part of the general issues of Australian ageing population, this study attempts to raise the awareness of the challenging life-style of the Chinese elderly in Australia now and future.
This study offers convincing evidence that Chinese immigrants play a vital bridging role in promoting business and trade between Australia and China. Due to China's economic growth, their movement between these two countries will be more frequent. Overall, this study provides important considerations for policy makers and will benefit the broad communities, migrants and policy planners in understanding the model of Chinese immigration into Australia. The insights gained from this study should have important policy implications for a more sustainable way of living not only in Australia, but also in China and other countries with Chinese immigrants.
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Liang, Qun Physical Environmental & Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Study of Marine Protected Areas in Australia and in China." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43716.
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Marine protected areas are recognized as an important approach to conserve marine ecosystems and biodiversity as well as to manage costal and marine resource. This thesis addresses the development and management of marine protected areas in Australia and in China. Australia and China are major maritime countries with diverse marine creatures and ecosystems. Both countries have adopted marine protected areas as a management tool to protect the marine environment. This thesis introduces their marine environment and threats, and then makes a close study of the development, legislation and management of marine protected areas in both Australia and China. Two case studies, Jervis Bay Marine Park in Australia, and Shankou Mangrove Marine Nature Reserve in China provide examples of the management strategies and lessons learnt. In order to improve the management of marine protected areas in China, the thesis analyzes the conflicts in the development of marine protected areas in China and prescribes community participation and the marine special reserve as solutions to promote the development of marine protected areas. This study also examines how the Australian Defence Force, an important stakeholder, manages its activities in the marine protected areas.
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Yang, Chen. "Representation and authenticity of historic landscapes in Australia and China." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/83479/1/Chen_Yang_Thesis.pdf.
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Histories of past communities are embedded in landscapes around the world but many are suffering from material change or neglect of their fabric. This study was aimed at discovering and representing the authentic intangible experience of two historic landscapes for conservation purposes. A 2500 year old site in Yangzhou, China and a 2000 year old site on St Helena Island in Moreton Bay were found to be managed under two culturally different regimes of authenticity. This research has contributed to challenging the notion that there is only one way to conserve authenticity in historic landscapes of the Asia Pacific.
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Wilms, Sabine 1968. "Childbirth customs in early China." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291810.
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The recent discovery of Chinese medical manuscripts in a tomb dated to the second century BC in Ma-wang-tui, Ch'ang-sha, has revealed extremely interesting new information on the subject of ancient Chinese childbirth practices. The scrolls contain detailed advice concerning a proper and auspicious treatment of the placenta, an astronomical chart for choosing the perfect location for the burial of the placenta, and a description of the custom of exposing the newborn infant on the earth directly after birth. This paper offers a translation of these paragraphs and an interpretation based on a Japanese medical text that reflects Chinese medieval practices, basic knowledge of Chinese cosmology, society and religion and also general cross-cultural patterns for the treatment of the placenta that have been established through an anthropological research into placenta-related practices, beliefs and mythology from many different traditional cultures.
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Li, Zhifu (Tiger). "Dancing with the Dragon: Australia's Diplomatic Relations with China (1901-1941)." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18400.
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By using little known primary sources in Chinese and English, this thesis will discuss Australia’s diplomatic relations with China, between 1901 and 1941. In March 1909, Liang Lanxun, China’s first consul-general arrived in Melbourne, Australia. Liang’s mission was to promote trade between China and Australia and as well to study the racial relations between Chinese and Australians. In 1921, Edward Little was appointed as Australia’s first trade commissioner in Shanghai, China. In 1929, the Chinese consulate moved from Melbourne to Sydney, due to the fact that Sydney had become the centre of the Chinese communities in the Oceania. I suggest that the Great Depression and the Second World War (Japan's expansion in the Pacific) forced Australian policy-makers to reconsider Australia’s geo-political position in the world. This is the first detailed research that treats Chinese diplomats in Australia and Australian diplomats in China between 1901 and 1941 as key historical subjects. In this thesis, I argue that Chinese diplomats used trade as a tool to fight against the White Australia policy between 1909 and 1941. I further argue Australia was more intertwined and connected with Asia, in this period than the existing literature suggested.
11
Chen, Hongyu. "Secondary School Teacher Attitudes towards Inclusive Education in Australia and China." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29195.
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Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) is underpinned by the provision of quality inclusive education for all young persons, including persons with disabilities. Yet developing inclusive education contexts continues to be profoundly challenging across all nations. Teacher attitudes continue to be the most critical construct in efforts to build inclusive educational contexts. Understanding teacher attitudes towards inclusive education using a positive paradigm is urgently needed in developing ways to provide quality inclusive education programs to all students. This study utilised a survey in the form of a web-based questionnaire to examine 120 Australian and 143 Chinese secondary school teacher attitudes towards inclusive education using the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework. The modified Teacher’s Attitudes towards Inclusive Education Scale (TAIS) and the self-designed UDL Framework Scale were adopted for the purpose of this study. Independent samples t-tests were utilised to identify the differences in attitudes of Australian and Chinese teachers towards inclusive education, including the UDL framework. Multiple regressions were used to determine whether statistically significant relationships existed between specific demographic variables (i.e., gender, years of teaching experience, and country) and respondent attitudes towards inclusive education. The main results revealed that Australian teachers showed more positive attitudes towards inclusive education than Chinese teachers. The researcher also highlighted the necessity for studies that analyse teacher attitudes towards inclusive education using an inclusive pedagogical framework, where the UDL framework is a suitable choice for this purpose.
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Wang, Ying. "Analysis of Chinese Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures in Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367749.
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Inbound tourism demand has been a significant contributor to Australia’s national economy. Subsequently, sustaining this industry is critically important. In the past decade, China has emerged as one of the most significant tourist source countries for Australia. Focused on Chinese holiday travellers to Australia, this study examined the demand in this market, both in terms of tourist arrivals and expenditures. Secondary data on historical holiday arrivals from China to Australia was obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, and a univariate time series analysis was performed. A comprehensive comparison of the forecasting performance of various forecasting models found that the Winters’ multiplicative exponential technique is the most suitable forecasting method to project future demand for the Chinese holiday market to Australia. The five-year forecasts show that this market will continue to grow in the mid-term future, however, at a decelerating pace and with a clear seasonal pattern.
A questionnaire survey gathered data from 380 Chinese holiday travellers regarding their expenditures and experiences in Australia. On top of the pre-paid package price, Chinese holiday travellers spent considerable amounts of money during the trip, and their expenses have largely flowed into the sectors of duty free shops, restaurants, casinos and night entertainment places. Shopping expenditure was identified as the largest component of Chinese holiday travellers’ expenditure in Australia. Chinese travellers’ total and disaggregated expenditures on various categories of goods and services in Australia were determined by different sets of economic, social demographic and psychological characteristics, which can be used to profile high yield segments in this market. With respect to travellers’ total expenditure, a number of variables were found to differentiate high spending travellers from low spending travellers, including income, age, place of residence, travel party size, length of stay, and visitation to destination(s) other than Australia.
Several issues were identified in relation to Chinese travellers’ perception of, and satisfaction with Australia as a tourist destination. Destination attributes related to shopping, accessibility, entertainment/nightlife, museums/art galleries and language were areas where Australia underperformed on perception. In addition, “food”, “shopping” and “tour itinerary” were identified as sources of dissatisfaction. There were also gaps between travellers’ pre- and post-trip perceptions of Australia in various destination attributes. These need to be dealt with immediately to avoid an adverse impact on the future demand in this market.
The time series analysis of tourist arrivals and cross-sectional examination of expenditure together provided a comprehensive investigation into the holiday travel demand from China to Australia, resulting in a number of practical implications for Australia in relation to destination planning, management and marketing. A number of directions for future research were suggested, such as examining the role of psychological characteristics in determining travel expenditure, further testing the relationship between expenditure and satisfaction, and using other forecasting techniques.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Hospitality, Sports and Leisure
Griffith Business School
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Papadimos, Andrew, and n/a. "Australia, Taiwan and the PRC: Evolving Relations." Griffith University. School of Asian and International Studies, 1994. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050831.170440.
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In December 1972 the Australian government recognised the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) at the cost of breaking off all official contacts with Taiwan. Despite the initial shock to Australia-Taiwan relations of derecognition, trade contacts between Australia and Taiwan have continued to flourish, and in recent years, political relations between the two have also been improving. This thesis examines reasons behind the recent improvements in Australia-Taiwan relations and ways in which such improvements have been implemented - given the constraints that Australia has no official contacts with Taiwan. With its main focus as trade, this thesis shows that Taiwan's importance to Australia has been slowly evolving such that Taiwan is at present a more important and reliable trading partner to Australia than is the PRC. Improvements have been occurring in Australia-Taiwan political relations, therefore, primarily as a consequence of Taiwan's growing importanée in the Australian marketplace.
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Papadimos, Andrew. "Australia, Taiwan and the PRC: Evolving Relations." Thesis, Griffith University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366643.
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In December 1972 the Australian government recognised the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) at the cost of breaking off all official contacts with Taiwan. Despite the initial shock to Australia-Taiwan relations of derecognition, trade contacts between Australia and Taiwan have continued to flourish, and in recent years, political relations between the two have also been improving. This thesis examines reasons behind the recent improvements in Australia-Taiwan relations and ways in which such improvements have been implemented - given the constraints that Australia has no official contacts with Taiwan. With its main focus as trade, this thesis shows that Taiwan's importance to Australia has been slowly evolving such that Taiwan is at present a more important and reliable trading partner to Australia than is the PRC. Improvements have been occurring in Australia-Taiwan political relations, therefore, primarily as a consequence of Taiwan's growing importanée in the Australian marketplace.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Asian and International Studies
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Brightwell, Erin Leigh. ""The Mirror of China"| Language selection, images of China, and narrating Japan in the Kamakura period (1185-1333)." Thesis, Princeton University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3626441.
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"Kara kagami" (The Mirror of China) is something of an enigma—only six of an original ten scrolls survive, and there is no critical edition with comprehensive annotation or previous translation. A work composed for Imperial Prince-cum-Shogun Munetaka by the scion of a distinguished line of Confucian scholars, Fujiwara no Shigenori, on a topic of pressing interest in the thirteenth century—the fate of Continental China—it embodies many of the characteristic concerns of Kamakura Japan. Tensions between privatization and circulation of learning, imperial and warrior authority, Japan's envisioning of China and her relations thereto, as well as a larger cosmological narrative all run through the work. Yet they do so ways that challenge now long-held ideas of language, stance towards the Continent and its traditions, and narratives of generic development and resistance.
This dissertation explores the ways in which "The Mirror of China" defies familiar-yet-passé conceptions of medieval Japan. It examines afresh how three issues in medieval discourse—language selection, portrayals of China, and narrating Japan—are refracted in "The Mirror of China" in order to better understand text-based claims of political, cultural, and philosophical authority. "The Mirror of China"'s linguistically diverse manuscripts invite question of the worldviews or allegiances of identity a multilingual text can intimate. Its depiction of China and the implied narratives such a vision creates likewise differ markedly from those of contemporary works. And lastly, the linguistic and thematic innovation it brings to the Heian genre of "Mirror" writing marks a previously obscured turning point in medieval historiographic writing, one that allows an appreciation of the genre as a medieval experiment in crafting histories as legitimating narratives. Drawing on multiple understudied works in addition to better-known writings, this dissertation provides a new understanding of how medieval thinkers exploited languages, images, and traditions in order to create their own visions of authority.
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Joern, Albert. "The repositioning of traditional martial arts in Republican China." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114301.
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In this thesis, I discuss how practitioners of martial arts in the Republican era of China were engaged in a process of reinventing what embodied the field of martial arts during a time when physical culture was treated as an instrument of nation-building in response to colonial discourses and the process of modernization. Martial arts were repositioned from being a loosely associated field of practice for people who engaged with a set of combative skills that focused on weapons training that championed archery and spear fighting, towards being a recreational activity with a formalized body of knowledge, skills and practices imbued with a Chinese sense of identity suitable for the modern class of urban and educated Chinese citizens. It is my belief that these efforts were a very important factor in why the practice of martial arts today is so closely associated with concepts of self-cultivation. This repositioning of Chinese martial arts was driven by a schism between the traditionalists who defended the beliefs and practices from the imperial age of China, and the modernists who saw the complete adoption of Western technologies and concepts as the only course for the modernization of China. Due to the shifting politics around education, understandings of the body and its representation in society, the efforts to preserve traditional practices were complicated through the dynamics related to identity and state power. The field of martial arts was criticized by reformists and modernists such as those involved with the New Culture Movement, who argued that China needed to embrace scientific notions of the Western nations and abandon "feudal superstitions." Within this context, the field of traditional Chinese martial arts was stigmatized by associations with the failed Boxer Rebellion, the diversity of practices and the secrecy that existed between different schools of practice. In response to the modernity movements that criticized the traditional systems of belief that martial artists drew upon to substantiate their systems of practice as a recreational pursuit, associations such as the Jingwu Tiyu Hui and the Zhongyang Guoshuguan were formed according to Western institutional models as part of the effort to unify and "modernize" Chinese martial arts. The teachers and administrators involved with these institutions wanted to preserve the practice of martial arts, and to accomplish this they had to develop new ways to systemize the training methods, essentially reinventing them by promoting them to a new generation of students in a format that had never existed before.À travers cet essai, j'examine la façon dont les pratiquants d'arts martiaux dans l'ère républicaine de la Chine étaient impliqués dans le but de réinventer ce qu'incarnait le domaine des arts martiaux à une époque où la culture physique était traitée comme un instrument de construction de la nation en réponse au discours colonial et au processus de modernisation. Les arts martiaux ont été repositionnés à partir d'un ensemble de personnes indirectement associés qui se livraient à un ensemble de combats et qui concentraient leurs compétences sur des entraînements aux armes encourageant le tir à l'arc et le combat à la lance, afin de devenir une activité de loisir avec un corps formalisé de connaissances, de compétences et de pratiques imprégnées avec une identité chinoise adapté à la classe moderne urbaine et de citoyens chinois éduquée. Ceci est ma conviction que ces efforts ont été un facteur très important dans la raison pour laquelle la pratique des arts martiaux aujourd'hui est si étroitement associée aux concepts de la culture de soi.Ce repositionnement des arts martiaux chinois fut motivé par le schisme entre les traditionalistes qui défendaient leurs croyances et leurs pratiques de l'époque impériale de la Chine, et les modernistes qui, eux, ont vu l'adoption complète de technologies et de concepts occidentaux comme le seul mouvement bénéfique à la modernisation de la Chine. En raison de la politique à travers l'éducation, la compréhension du corps et de sa représentation dans la société, les efforts visant à préserver les pratiques traditionnelles ont été compliquées par la dynamique liée à l'identité et le pouvoir de l'état. Le domaine des arts martiaux a été critiqué par les réformistes et les modernistes incluant ceux qui furent impliqués dans le « New Culture movement», qui a fait valoir que la Chine devait embrasser des notions scientifiques des pays occidentaux et abandonner leurs «superstitions féodales. » Dans ce contexte, le domaine des arts martiaux traditionnels a été stigmatisé par des liens avec la révolte des Boxers, la diversité des pratiques et la discrétion qui existait entre les différentes écoles de pratique.En réponse aux mouvements de modernité qui ont critiqué les systèmes de croyances traditionnels dont les pratiquants d'arts martiaux ont fait appel à l'appui de leurs systèmes pour justifier leur pratique comme une forme de loisir, des associations telles que les Jingwu Tiyu Hui et le Zhongyang Guoshuguan ont été formés selon les modèles occidentaux institutionnels dans le but d'unifier et de , en quelque sorte , moderniser les arts martiaux chinois. Les enseignants et les administrateurs concernés par ces institutions voulaient préserver la pratique des arts martiaux, et pour ce faire ils ont dû développer des nouvelles façons de systématiser les méthodes de formation, les réinventer en les promouvant à une nouvelle génération d'étudiants sous une forme qui n'avaient jamais existé auparavant.
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Shen, Yi Social Sciences & International Studies Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "The rise of China and its impact on Australia's relations with the United States." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41553.
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Despite Australia enjoying good relations with both the United States and China at the moment, the long-term prospects are uncertain due to US-China strategic rivalry. The aim of this thesis is to examine Australias ability to continue strong relations with both countries over the long-term. The thesis concludes that Australia may be able to maintain good relations with the US and China in the long run despite US-China strategic rivalry. The strategic competition only increases the prospect of conflict; it does not mean a US-China conflict is bound to happen. Although the risks of a US-China military confrontation over Taiwan are real, the chances are small due to Americas continued strategic presence in the region and its military preponderance. If a Sino-US conflict were to occur, Australia would most likely side with the US despite China being economically significant to Australia. The United States is also critically important to Australias economic interests and, ultimately, Australias national security depends on its alliance with the US. Survival is the foremost goal for a state in the anarchical international system and security interests outweigh economic interests in importance in a time of crisis.
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Eddy, Robert Andrew. "Heresy and orthodoxy in Song dynasty China (960-1279 C.E.)." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18771.
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This thesis considers the question of heresy as it relates to the context of Song dynasty China (960-1279 C.E.). It analyzes the ways in which the Song Imperial authorities constructed a religious orthodoxy and defended it through the legal system. It will deal with how heresy is defined in a multi-religious polity without a unified church, such as the Catholic Church of the medieval West. This thesis will argue that a definition of heresy derived from western heresiology is a valid analytical model and that Song China had a religious orthodoxy constructed around the person of the Emperor.La présente thèse prend comme sujet la question d'hérésie dans le contexte de la dynastie des Song en Chine (960-1279 C.E.). Elle analyse les méthodes donc les autorités impériales des Song ont construits l'orthodoxie religieuse et comment ils l'avaient défendu en utilisant leur système légal. Elle considère aussi la question de comment peut-on définir l'hérésie dans une société multi-religieuses sans avoir une église unifié, comme l'église Catholique en Europe du moyenne âge. On suggère que la définition et modèle d'hérésie qu'on a prit des héréseologistes dans l'Ouest reste valide quand il est appliqué en ce contexte et que la Chine des Song avaient une orthodoxie religieuse construit autour du personnage de l'Empereur.
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Farrelly, Michael. "State, society and water management in late imperial Southeast China." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123264.
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This thesis is a study of water management systems in the late imperial (1368-‐1912) Minnan region (southern Fujian), China. Based on stone inscriptions and local gazetteers, I present case histories of several well-‐documented water management systems. I explore trends in social organization and state-‐society issues relevant to water management systems, with particular emphasis placed upon the means by which lineages came to control water management structures. I then consider the causes and characteristics of water management-‐related conflict, as well as trends in government intervention in related disputes, and the principles upon which local officials adjudicated these disputes. I argue that property rights status was important to adjudication, particularly the concepts of "official," "communal" and "private" land and resources. Finally, I contextualize Minnan water management systems among systems in other parts of China.Cette thèse étudie les systèmes de gestion de l'eau pendant les dernières années de la période impériale dans la région de Minnan (dans le sud du Fujian) en Chine. L'histoire de plusieurs systèmes bien documentés de gestion de l'eau est présentée, à partir de l'étude de pierres avec des inscriptions et de registres locaux. Les tendances dans l'organisation sociale liée aux systèmes de gestion de l'eau et les problèmes politico-‐sociaux associés sont analysés, avec une attention toute particulière sur les moyens employés par les groupes pour contrôler les organisations qui gèrent l'eau. Les causes et les caractéristiques des conflits relatifs à la gestion de l'eau sont étudiées, ainsi que l'intervention des gouvernements et les principes suivis par les instances locales dans la résolution de ces disputes. Les auteurs soutiennent que le statut de la propriété importe dans l'attribution des ressources, en particulier les concepts de ressources « gouvernementales », « communales » et « privées ». En dernière partie, les systèmes de gestion de l'eau dans la région de Minnan sont mis en perspective avec les systèmes d'autres régions de la Chine.
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Miller, Ian Matthew. "Roots and Branches: Woodland Institutions in South China, 800-1600." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467396.
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In this dissertation I trace the evolution of the institutions governing woodland in South China over the longue durée. I claim that after a high point of state forestry the imperial government lost both the interest and the ability to manage woodland effectively. Forestry was largely taken over by lineages - kin groups organized around the worship of shared ancestors. I tie this transition in woodland governance to two interrelated trends: growth in the power and independence of lineage organizations, and of long-distance trade in wood products. First, I show changes in local state capacities for tax collection and dispute resolution, the growing organizational capacity of lineages. Second, I argue that the growth of trade in woodland products affected state and lineage differently. On the one hand, government bureaus had increasing difficulty governing wood land while finding it increasingly convenient to obtain wood products on the market. On the other hand, lineages were well-equipped for the business of managing local landscapes, and saw substantial profits to be made from the export of timber and other forest commodities. Finally, I argue that the rise of lineage influence shaped the terms in which woodland was claimed for private use. Over hundreds of years, claims to woodland shifted from the formal legal discourse specified by the imperial state to focus on the specialized language of fengshui. By the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, claims no longer trumpeted the productive capacity of forests or their role in paying the taxes important to the state; they now focused on the physical and metaphysical powers of the wooded landscape and its role in protecting the graves important to lineages. Contrary to existing scholarship, I claim that the decline of state forestry did not necessarily lead to the decline of the woods themselves; lineage oversight was highly effective at managing forests for both production and protection, and areas of strong lineage control remained well-forested into the modern era.East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Wang, Wei. "Newspaper commentaries on terrorism in China and Australia: A contrastive genre study." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1701.
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This thesis is a contrastive genre study which explores newspaper commentaries on terrorism in Chinese and Australian newspapers. The study examines the textual patterning of the Australian and Chinese commentaries, interpersonal and intertextual features of the texts as well as considers possible contextual factors which might contribute to the formation of the newspaper commentaries in the two different languages and cultures. For the framework of its analysis, the study draws on systemic functional linguistics, English for Specific Purposes and new rhetoric genre studies, critical discourse analysis, and discussions of the role of the mass media in the two different cultures. The study reveals that Chinese writers often use explanatory rather than argumentative expositions in their newspaper commentaries. They seem to distance themselves from outside sources and seldom indicate endorsement of these sources. Australian writers, on the other hand, predominantly use argumentative expositions to argue their points of view. They integrate and manipulate outside sources in various ways to establish and provide support for the views they express. It is argued that these textual and intertextual practices are closely related to contextual factors, especially the roles of the media and opinion discourse in contemporary China and Australia. The study, by providing both a textual and contextual view of the genre under investigation in the two languages and cultures, aims to establish a framework for contrastive rhetoric research which moves beyond the text into the context of production and interpretation of the texts as a way of exploring reasons for the linguistic and rhetorical choices made in the two sets of texts.
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Wang, Wei. "Newspaper commentaries on terrorism in China and Australia a contrastive genre study /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1701.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)This thesis is a contrastive genre study which explores newspaper commentaries on terrorism in Chinese and Australian newspapers. The study examines the textual patterning of the Australian and Chinese commentaries, interpersonal and intertextual features of the texts as well as considers possible contextual factors which might contribute to the formation of the newspaper commentaries in the two different languages and cultures. For the framework of its analysis, the study draws on systemic functional linguistics, English for Specific Purposes and new rhetoric genre studies, critical discourse analysis, and discussions of the role of the mass media in the two different cultures. The study reveals that Chinese writers often use explanatory rather than argumentative expositions in their newspaper commentaries. They seem to distance themselves from outside sources and seldom indicate endorsement of these sources. Australian writers, on the other hand, predominantly use argumentative expositions to argue their points of view. They integrate and manipulate outside sources in various ways to establish and provide support for the views they express. It is argued that these textual and intertextual practices are closely related to contextual factors, especially the roles of the media and opinion discourse in contemporary China and Australia. The study, by providing both a textual and contextual view of the genre under investigation in the two languages and cultures, aims to establish a framework for contrastive rhetoric research which moves beyond the text into the context of production and interpretation of the texts as a way of exploring reasons for the linguistic and rhetorical choices made in the two sets of texts.
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Fitzsimmons, David Robert. "Courting the Dragon: Australia’s Engagement with China, 1983-2013." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19008.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to test the ‘non-sticky historical institutionalism’ (NSHI) theory. First espoused by Stephen Bell (2011) in the evolution of Australia’s China policy. I aim to fill a fundamental gap in the literature by identifying and theorising the importance of multiple key independent variables: (A) leadership, the international environment, domestic politics and middle power activism that affected Australia’s China policies and, (B) choices in the Hawke and Keating period (1983-1996), the Howard period (1996-2007) and the Rudd and Gillard period (2007-2013). These case studies help to illustrate and amplify policy change in the study. A significant piece of the puzzle to be analysed is why did Australian governments vary in their China policies during these periods. Furthermore, how does Australia’s middle power diplomacy interact with the three core variables? Broadly, I argue that the examination of these five governments and intervening factors help test the significance of the core variables in shaping policy change and autonomy and highlights structural constraints that distinguish policymaking decisions regarding China. In addition, I argue that middle power entrepreneurship was the impetus in Australia’s China policy. These new findings enable me to hypothesize about the interrelationship between stability and crises and policy shifts in Australia’s foreign policymaking regarding China. Finally, I envisage this dissertation as providing a basis for further research into how each interactive and competing variable continues to impact upon Australia’s contemporary relations with China and the United States in the age of President Xi and Trump. Therefore, such a study is important as it introduces a new policy imperative for how Australia should approach and conduct its own bilateral relationship with China in the Asian century.
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Nieuwenhuis, Marijn. "Producing China : the politics of space in the making of modern China." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60419/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis entails an analysis of the relationship between space and politics in the construction and legitimisation of modern China. The thesis argues that the production of space has since the onset of modernity in China, in itself very much a spatial process, played a substantial yet, largely unexplored and academically unacknowledged role in both the construction of the nation state and the legitimisation of political ideologies. I wish to show that the production of modern space has since the mid-17th century played an increasingly vital role in the abstract concretisation and the everyday diffusion of the geographic imagination of the Chinese nation state. The state, in other words, legitimises its existence through the reification of space. This thesis contributes to a historical and spatial understanding of the role of geographies of power in creating an alternative understanding of what China is and how it is (re-)produced spatially. Such an understanding problematises the realised abstraction of the Chinese nation state and politicises the production and representation of space in China. The thesis thus questions notions of Chinese essentialism, Chinese history, Chinese architecture and other expressions of state spaces. The position that this thesis takes is that the production of space gives form and meaning to the political. The thesis looks at a variety of spatial techniques of power by analysing the politics of cartography, urban planning, architecture and other forms of production of space. By emphasising the politics of space, this thesis is a work of political geography on the subject of modern Chinese state space. This thesis comprises six chapters, an introduction and a conclusion.
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Da, Wei Wei. "Migrants from the People's Republic of China to Australia : a study of family practices." Phd thesis, Faculty of Education, School of Social, Policy and Curriculum Studies, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9456.
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Since the late 1970s, dramatic social changes in the People's Republic of China have led to a sudden emigration of Chinese from China to Australia. Given the obvious social and cultural differences between the two societies, what has been the impact of this cross-country migration upon the migrants' family lives in their new country of residence? How do they cope with the changing social context? Are there patterns within their family practices which are distinctive from those of the mainstream society? This study has examined family practices through in-depth interviews of 40 Chinese migrants who immigrated to Australia in the past two decades. The study is intended to be broadly contextualized and historical in scope. Hence, overviews of family traditions, culture and contemporary changes in both the home and host countries are elaborated. An analysis of the informants' motivations for migration and perceptions of the host society are also examined in significant detail, as the respondents' motivations and perceptions have implications for the ways they have chosen to reorganize their lives in a new country. Family life including marriage, attitudes towards sexuality, child rearing and the division of labour at home were probed among this sample within broad frameworks utilizing scholarly perspectives of immigration, ethnoculture and gender relations.
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Pacey, Robyn Lyn. "Coming Ready or Not: Chinese Students in Australia, Their Motivations, Language Proficiency and Impact on Australia's Tertiary Environment." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367970.
Full textAbstract:
Around one in five of Australia’s tertiary students comes from overseas, with the largest proportion from the People’s Republic of China. Despite needing the revenue from international students to fund domestic tertiary places, there is continuing disquiet over the language preparedness of overseas students, the willingness of universities to allow them to bypass language entry standards, and the subsequent impact on the academics responsible for teaching them.
To gauge the experience of typical Chinese students at Australian universities, this study followed a group of five for almost nine years, from when they enrolled in a foundation program in northern China to the present, to establish their motivations for wanting an Australian education, whether their language was sufficient to enable them to participate fully, and whether they were able to integrate into the academic and broader communities.
The research had a secondary focus; to examine the impact of large cohorts of international students on Australia’s tertiary environment, and whether international education can be better delivered to achieve a more rewarding experience for all participants.
The study began in 2005 with classroom reports and observations of the students during their foundation year, followed by annual interviews and personal contact after their arrival in Australia. To address the secondary focus of the study, data were collected from the Academic Language and Learning (ALL) advisers who assist tertiary students with language development, from the discipline academics who teach them, and from pro-vice chancellors (international) who are responsible within universities for the international education policy framework.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Shool of Education and Professional Studies
Arts, Education and Law
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Pang, Chun-chiu, and 彭俊超. "Floral biology, pollination ecology and breeding systems of selected Dasymaschalon, Desmos, Pseuduvaria and Uvaria species (Annonaceae) inSouthern China and Australia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752737.
Full textAbstract:
The Annonaceae is a large, early-divergent family of angiosperms. Although the majority is pollinated by small beetles, there is a great diversity of floral morphologies. Evolutionary shifts of pollination mechanisms have occasionally been reported in disparate lineages including shifts to pollination by large beetles, flies, thrips, bees and cockroaches. It was previously hypothesized that floral morphological changes in different lineages are adaptive and correspond to evolutionary shifts of pollination mechanisms. This hypothesis is tested here by comparing selected species that have substantial morphological differences with their close relatives.
Comprehensive studies of the floral biology of four Annonaceae species, Dasymaschalon trichophorum, Desmos chinensis, Pseuduvaria mulgraveana and Uvaria cordata, are presented. All are beetle-pollinated. Dasymaschalon trichophorum, D. chinensis and U. cordata were inferred to be self-compatible based on inter-simple sequence repeat marker data as there was evidence of significant gene flow and a low level of genetic differentiation between populations. This was corroborated for D. chinensis and U. cordata by experimental controlled pollination tests for geitonogamy, in which both were shown to set fruit.
Similar floral phenological and pollination ecological results were obtained for D. chinensis and D. trichophorum despite significant differences in floral architecture, as the former has six petals (typical of most other Annonaceae species), whilst the latter only has three. The results suggested that the substantial change in floral morphology in these two closely-related genera is probably non-adaptive as there is no change in pollination system. It is hypothesised that the morphological change is likely due to the disruption of homeotic gene expression during floral organ development.
Studies of floral phenology and pollination ecology of Uvaria cordata revealed that it has a 3-day flowering rhythm and is pollinated by small beetles. The pollination ecology is unexpectedly similar to other species with typical beetle-pollination syndromes, although it lacks a pollination chamber and has pale-colored petals. It is suggested that species that lack a pollination chamber are more likely to be pollinated by guilds other than beetles or thrips as a floral chamber increases pollinator specificity. Several morphological and phenological characters are also presumably correlated with the evolution of generalist pollination to increase the pollination efficiency and assure fruit production, including torus shape, petal orientation, stigma shape, petal color, carpel and/or ovule number and the overlap of pistillate and staminate phases.
Pseuduvaria is unusual in the Annonaceae as the majority of species possess unisexual flowers. Most species were previously interpreted as having staminate and structurally pistillate flowers, with infertile staminodes in the latter. The ‘pistillate’ flowers of P. mulgraveana are shown to produce viable pollen, however, contradicting this hypothesis. It is therefore recommended that floral unisexuality in the genus be reassessed by testing more species from different clades.
Different strategies to promote xenogamy in the Annonaceae are reviewed, including protogyny, herkogamy, intra- and inter-individual phenological synchrony and dioecy. Three different mechanisms were recognized to achieve dioecy, including incomplete pollen development in hermaphroditic flowers, delayed anther dehiscence in hermaphroditic flowers and loss of androecium or gynoecium (with Pseuduvaria used as a paradigm).published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Maguire, David W. "The role of communicative creativity in starting regional trade relationships with China: An action research practitioner case study." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/651.
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The Action Research project studies the role of information management and knowledge generation in establishing overseas political and trade activity to assist regional development in Australia. It is the work of a researcher whose background in information management ranges across more than 30 years working in the newspaper and regional economic development industries. It applies a hybrid term called “communicative creativity” – distilled from Wieman’s (1963) Doctrine of Creative Interchange and Habermas’s (1984) Theory of Communicative Action – to the researcher’s professional practice of facilitating the development of two entities – the economic development organization and its method of facilitating opportunities in China – against Nonaka and Takeuchi’s (1995) Five-Phase Model of the Organisational Creation Process. The thesis describes how the researcher’s previous career and life experience in China are used in the establishment of a model that will assist his current career in regional economic development. It explains the reasons for choosing the Participatory Action Research method and uses the researcher’s personal and professional voices in a multi-vocal, neopragmatic style blended with visual rich picture presentation involving graphics and photos to tell the story. The thesis – with its style and voices – is a soft systems picture in its own right. The research outcome is a knowledge management model for promoting. Selling, organising and conducting a trade mission into China.
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Xiao, Jun, and n/a. "Cultural identity and communication among the Chinese diaspora in Australia in the 1990s : a Canberra case study." University of Canberra. Professional Communication, 2001. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061110.173255.
Full textAbstract:
As a contribution to understanding the Chinese immigrants and their
community, this study seeks to explore the factors influencing the formation and
development of cultural identity among members of the Chinese diaspora in
Australia. These include Chinese community life, family and professional
networks, media use and its influences, and the changes that have taken place
over the past ten years.
Chinese communities in Australia are not homogeneous. Although they may all
call themselves Chinese, they differ among themselves according to dialect,
subdialect, clan and family, all of which are linked to their place of ancestral
origin in China, as well as by country of birth outside of China. The degree to
which these differences are considered important varies from individual to
individual, but a community, whether it is constituted for social or business
purposes, always comprises individuals who share one or more of these
secondary characteristics in addition to their collective cultural characteristics.
The study focuses on Canberra as a case study. First, it examines the
similarities and differences within the Chinese diaspora coming from different
geographical origins. It uses interviews and narrative analysis to examine the
nature of Chinese immigrants and to assess their social, political and cultural
context, with the aim to challenge the monolithic view that only one kind of
Chinese community exists. It investigates how cultural background and other
factors affect the formation and development of people's identity. In addition, as
a point of secondary comparison, this study also analyses the differences
between the Chinese diaspora in Canberra and Sydney. The aim here is to
assess how the different locations and different characteristics of these cities
communication networks affect migrants' adaptation to Australian society.
Special attention will be given to differences between Dalu ren (the mainland
Chinese), who came to Australia after the events of Tiananmen Square in 1989,
and the other diasporic Chinese groups in Australia, which include Taiwan ren
(Taiwanese), Xianggangren' (Honkongese), Malaixiya hua ren (Malaysian
Chinese), and Xinjiapo hua ren (Singaporean Chinese). Since mainland China
has had a different political system and the Communist Party replaced much
Chinese tradition, people from the mainland have kept the least Chinese
cultural traditions. Chinese from other regions try to keep the Chinese tradition
as it was. However, the culture in mainland China has already changed.
Therefore, the understanding of the Chinese tradition and culture among the
Chinese from different regions varies greatly.
This thesis explores the changing understanding within the members of the
diasporic community of cultural identity. It attempts to show the strong
influence of the notion of an original culture on the Chinese diaspora and how
these ideas influence the way that diasporic Chinese community members
interact within Australian society. It will investigate the changing
characteristics, both social and individual, of mainlanders and other groups of
Chinese immigrants in the 1990s, in the context of their professional, social and
family networks. It will examine areas such as media use, languages and
involvement with community development activities, and whether there are
significant differences in their acculturation according to their different gender
and places of origins.
1 Although Hong Kong has become part of China since 1997, there have, however, been
different political and social systems in Hong Kong and the mainland, so this study researches
Hong Kong in a separate category for the purpose of exploring differences.
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Liu, Tianshu, and tianshu liu@rmit edu au. "Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Regional Trade Agreements for Australia and China." RMIT University. Economics, Finance and Marketing, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080428.094213.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis concentrates on measuring the benefits and losses of implementing regional trade agreements. In particular, the thesis analyses trade flow changes, foreign direct investment inflow changes, industrial total factor productivity changes and specific commodity trade flow changes in Australia and China. Four empirical studies are undertaken. Firstly, the thesis introduces the gravity model to estimate the effect of regional trade agreements on trade flow changes, focusing on thirty-nine countries and areas from seven regional trade agreements during 1980-2004. The results show that there are trade creation and trade diversion effects for various memberships. The results further show that China experiences an export creation effect for its APEC membership while Australia has an import diversion effect for its CER membership. When trade between Australia and China is considered, Australia's CER membership impedes its trade with China. However, both Australia and China benefit from attending APEC jointly to enlarge their bilateral trade. Secondly, a modified gravity model is undertaken to test the impact of regional trade agreements on foreign direct investment inflows to Australia and China. It uses the same regional trade agreements to that of the trade flow study for the period of 1980 to 2004 for Australia and 1985 to 2004 for China. The results show that CER members tend to strengthen their bilateral foreign direct investment cooperation after the implementation of CER trade and investment liberalization. Thirdly, the impact of regional trade agreements is examined on industrial total factor productivity growth. The findings show that industries with comparative trading advantages in both Australia and China tend to improve their total factor productivity upon liberalizing trade both bilaterally and multilaterally. However, industries with comparative disadvantages need more protection against severe foreign competition. It uses data from 1974-75 to 2004-05 for the Australian market sector analysis, from 1968-69 to 1990-2000 for the Australian manufacturing industry analysis, and from 1987 to 2003 for the Chinese industry analysis. Finally, the thesis investigates the impact of regional trade agreements on bilateral commodity trade between Australia and China from 1979 to 2004. A similar gravity model to that of the trade flow study is used, introducing an additional GDP per capita variable to capture the effect of increasing consumers' income on their consumption of particular goods and products type based on product and production characteristics. Both the one-digit and some detailed four-digit commodity classifications described in the Standard International Trade Classification are considered. The results show that participation in regional trade agreements is an important factor that affects Australia's major commodity trade with China. The major contribution of this thesis is the investigation of issues on trade flows and foreign direct investment specifically in Australia and China, together with the studies of the effect of regional trade agreements on industrial total factor productivity improvement and specific commodity trade changes. Due to the increasing pursuit of bilateral and regional economic cooperation in Australia and China, the results of this thesis are of particular importance to both countries in their foreign trade and economic strategies.
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Zhi, Xulong. "Chinese Students' Learning Experiences and Understanding of Social Work in China and Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/406983.
Full textAbstract:
The Chinese Central Government has focused significant attention on the social work profession as a pivotal solution to address social issues and tensions resulting from rapid social and economic development. In 2006, the Chinese Government announced an ambitious target of educating a workforce of three million social workers by 2020. Even when, subsequently, this number was halved, it continues to remain an ambitious goal. To achieve the new target of 1.5 million social workers, graduates from associated disciplines are allowed to become social workers by taking the Professional Level Examination. Despite these measures, and although social work in China is advancing rapidly, the social work profession remains relatively underdeveloped.
China faces many challenges in developing both social work education and the profession itself. This thesis argues that to meet these challenges, Chinese social work needs to experience an indigenisation and a professionalisation process to adapt Western values, theories, and knowledge into the Chinese cultural, social, and political contexts. Three main issues relate to this process of indigenisation and professionalization: social work’s low status, a lack of knowledge about the profession, and its blurred professional roles in China. These factors have led to reluctance by many Chinese students to study and practise social work.
Little is known about the experiences of Chinese social work students who have straddled both Western and Chinese education boundaries, with their different learning styles and practices. This study investigated Chinese undergraduate students’ experiences of learning social work in both a China-based program and in a joint China-Australia program, by asking two research questions. Why and how do Chinese students learn social work in China and in Australia? What is Chinese students’ understanding of the social work profession both in China and in a cross-cultural context? This research draws on participants within a joint social work program between GU and CCNU, the first collaborative initiative at the undergraduate level (CCNU, 2019) and established in 2011 with a collaborative Bachelor of Social Work program to deliver a 2 plus 2.5-year joint degree program between China and Australia. This study recruited participants from two cohorts of Chinese students. One cohort studied exclusively in China, while the other studied first in China and then in Australia. From 2014 to 2015, a qualitative study with an insider approach was adopted. Data were collected from several stages of semi-structured interviews with two cohorts of participants over 1.5 years of learning in China and in Australia. Data were first transcribed in Chinese, then translated into English, and converted into NVivo for analysis. Six steps of thematic analysis were applied, from familiarisation with the data, coding, searching for themes, reviewing (including translating)) and refining.
The study concludes that participants reported five different reasons for studying social work, with only one student who studied social work because of an interest in the profession. In regard to how they learned social work, five components emerged that were used to compare and contrast between Chinese and Australian universities, namely classroom learning experiences, experiences of undertaking assessment, teacher and student relationships, support systems, and challenges in learning. In terms of how participants learned social work in practice, the application of learning emerged with two themes including the ability to use theory in practice and learning influenced values.
In relation to the second research question regarding students’ understanding of the profession, the study found three perspectives and the results on professional identity. The first perspective reported participants’ perceptions of social work with two themes. The second perspective was the influence of the government on the role of social work, and two themes were reported. The third perspective related to incongruities in values and ethics, and two themes emerged. The study has concluded that the weak professional identity that both cohorts developed led to their reluctance to choose social work as a future career.
Although a relatively small study in terms of number of participants, this research has some implications for social work education in both China and Australia. It concludes that Chinese universities would benefit from improved promotion of social work to assist Chinese students to understand the profession and that Chinese social work education could adopt five possible changes to provide students with practiceoriented learning in the Chinese context. It also concludes that Australian universities could provide more specific and tailored assistance to Chinese students to enable them to participate fully in their education.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Health Sci & Soc Wrk
Griffith Health
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Ning, Bolun. "Comparative Study of Emissions Trading Status-Quo in China, Australia and Other Countries." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365431.
Full textAbstract:
Market-based approaches, particularly the emissions trading schemes, are broadly utilised by the developed world in order to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions, which are the main course of global climate change. All the existing schemes and schemes to be introduced play an important role in one country’s national climate change policies. China, as the largest contributor to the greenhouse gases emissions in the world, has also shown its intention to introduce an emissions trading scheme. However, there is no national regulatory framework or policy for carbon trading market in China. Thus, successful experience from the existing schemes and the good intentions in proposed ones are worthwhile for China to learn.
This project seeks to review and undertake comparative analyses of emissions trading schemes and sustainable energy policies between China and other countries, particularly in the context of international treaties and initiatives on climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. Both published literature and some survey information are collected and critically analysed, and recommendations on both effective emissions trading schemes and sustainable energy policies are developed for China to implement the national initiatives and strategies in relation to the climate change adaptation and mitigation. Through comparative study, how emissions trading scheme, one of the market-based approaches, can mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions will be illustrated. Therefore, the establishment of a national carbon market will be proved as an efficient approach for China to curb greenhouse gas emissions and reduce energy intensity.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Wang, Ying. "Representations of obesity in national newspapers: A comparative study between China and Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2367.
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Nearly two-thirds of Australians and up to half of all Chinese are overweight. Global obesity figures have tripled since 1975 (WHO, 2018b), which demonstrates that obesity is a major global health problem. It is critical to examine how print media represent obesity because they influence public understanding of the problem. It is also essential to determine ways to improve health journalism and health outcomes. While there is a significant body of literature that has examined representations of obesity in the Australian press through mixed approaches, there is a deficit of media research into how China’s press has represented this issue. This study investigated how obesity was represented in two national newspapers—China Daily and The Australian—between 2013 and 2018. Content analysis was performed to reveal the types and frequency of obesity-related news items regarding causes, determinants, impacts, solutions and sources. Additionally, discourse analysis was undertaken to qualitatively reveal the framing of obesity based on findings from the content analysis. China Daily was selected because it is China’s largest-selling national daily English-language newspaper, while The Australian is Australia’s largest daily national newspaper. More than 1000 news items on obesity published in the two newspapers between 2013 and 2018 were retrieved through Factiva. Content analysis uncovered that obesity was under-presented in both newspapers. Individual causes and solutions were the most prominent news items in both newspapers, whereas genetic and biological determinants were less likely to be presented. For childhood obesity, parental determinants appeared more often than social determinants. Findings from the discourse analysis found three prominent frames—legitimation, responsibility and stereotype—in which individual responsibility was highlighted, while social responsibility was backgrounded. Individual responsibility and blaming were the dominant discourses in both newspapers. Further, stereotypes, weight stigma and the thin ideal discourse were mentioned in the news items. Framing analysis revealed that news items on obesity tended to shift health costs onto individuals rather than highlight the responsibility of the food and drink industries. The presence of stereotype frames was greater in China Daily than The Australian.
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Zhou, Yunxian. "The experience of China-educated nurses working in Australia : a symbolic interactionist perspective." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31866/1/Yunxian_Zhou_Thesis.pdf.
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Transnational nurse migration is a growing phenomenon. However, relatively little is known about the experiences of immigrant nurses and particularly about non-English speaking background nurses who work in more economically developed countries. Informed by a symbolic interactionist framework, this research explored the experience of China-educated nurses working in the Australian health care system. Using a modified constructivist grounded theory method, the main source of data were 46 face to face in-depth interviews with 28 China-educated nurses in two major cities in Australia. The key findings of this research are fourfold. First, the core category developed in this study is reconciling different realities, which inserts a theoretical understanding beyond the concepts of acculturation, assimilation, and integration. Second, in contrast to the dominant discourse which reduces the experience of immigrant nurses to language and culture, this research concludes that it was not just about language and nor was it simply about culture. Third, rather than focus on the negative aspects of difference as in the immigration literature and in the practice of nursing, this research points to the importance of recognising the social value of difference. Finally, the prevailing view that the experience of immigrant nurses is largely negative belies its complexities. This research concludes that it is naïve to define the experience as either good or bad. Rather, ambivalence was the essential feature of the experience and a more appropriate theoretical concept. This research produced a theoretical understanding of the experience of China-educated nurses working in Australia. The findings may not only inform Chinese nurses who wish to immigrate but also contribute to the implementation of more effective support services for immigrant nurses in Australian health care organisations.
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Schluessel, Eric T. "The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493602.
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This dissertation concerns the ways in which a Chinese civilizing project intervened powerfully in cultural and social change in the Muslim-majority region of Xinjiang from the 1870s through the 1930s. I demonstrate that the efforts of officials following an ideology of domination and transformation rooted in the Chinese Classics changed the ways that people associated with each other and defined themselves and how Muslims understood their place in history and in global space. Chinese power is central to the history of modern Xinjiang and to the Uyghur people, not only because the Chinese center has dominated the area as a periphery, but because of the ways in which that power intervened in society and culture on the local level.
The processes and ramifications of the Chinese government in late-Qing and early Republican Xinjiang demonstrates strong parallels with colonialism in the context of European empire. This dissertation does not focus on the question of typology, however, but instead draws on methods from colonial history to explore the dynamics of a linguistically and religiously heterogeneous society. In order to do so, I draw on local archival documents in Chinese and Turkic and place them into dialogue with the broader Turkic-language textual record. This dissertation thus proceeds from the inception of the ideology that drove the civilizing project, through its social ramifications, to the innovations that emerged in Islamicate literature and history in Xinjiang in this period.East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Ng, Wee-Siang. "Male brushstrokes and female touch: medical writings on childbirth in Imperial China." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119366.
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This dissertation is a study of Shichan lun (Ten Topics on Birth), a widely disseminated medical treatise produced in the Northern Song dynasty (960-1127), around the early twelfth century. Shichan lun records how childbirth progressed and it also contains detailed descriptions of hand techniques deployed by women practitioners during birth complications. I examine its composition, incorporation into a larger work (in the thirteenth century), and redaction (ca. early to mid-sixteenth century). In Chapter One, I translate and analyze the earliest extant edition of Shichan lun, collected in Chen Ziming's Furen daquan liangfang (All Inclusive Good Prescriptions for Women, pub. 1238). I highlight the use of childbirth pain descriptions as a diagnostic "tool" during delivery and the hand techniques women practitioners used to manage birth complications. In Chapter Two, I provide a composite biography of the author of Shichan lun, Yang Zijian (fl. 1100), and analyze the reasons why a literatus came to write about childbirth in the early twelfth century and his literary network. Chapter Three is devoted to the study of Chen Ziming (fl. 1237-1271), who incorporated Shichan lun into his work. I examine Chen's authorial impulse and evaluate his involvement in re-defining women's medicine. Chapter Four is a study of the changes introduced by Xue Ji (1487-1558), the sixteenth century medical author, to Chen Ziming's work and Shichan lun. My conclusion addresses how Shichan lun, a work of a technical and practical nature, resisted theoretical incorporation, and the problems of using male-authored sources to study women's medicine and women practitioners.Cette thèse de doctorat est une étude biographique du Shichan Lun (Dix discours sur la naissance), un traité médical rédigé dans la dynastie des Song du Nord (960-1127) autour du début du XIIe siècle et largement diffusé jusqu'aujourd'hui. Shichan lun enregistre l'évolution des méthodes d'accouchement et contient également des descriptions détaillées des techniques manuelles déployés par les praticiens femmes pendant les complications de l'accouchement. J'examine la composition de l'oeuvre, l'intégration de l'oeuvre à un ouvrage plus large (au XIIIe siècle) ainsi que sa rédaction (ca. début au milieu du XVIe siècle).Dans le premier chapitre, je traduis et j'analyse la première édition existante du Shichan lun, recueillie dans le Furen daquan Liangfang de Chen Ziming (prescriptions inclusives et bonnes pour les femmes, pub. 1238). Je souligne l'utilisation des descriptions de la douleur de l'accouchement comme un «outil» de diagnostic pendant l'accouchement et les techniques manuelles utilisées par les praticiens femmes pour gérer les complications de l'accouchement. Dans le deuxième chapitre, je fournis une biographie composite de l'auteur du Shichan lun, Yang Zijian, en analysant les raisons pour lesquelles un lettré se mit à écrire au sujet de l'accouchement au début du XIIe siècle ainsi que son réseau littéraire. Le troisième chapitre est consacré à l'étude de Chen Ziming qui a incorporé le Shichan lun dans son oeuvre. J'examine impulsion d'authorial de Chen et j'évalue son implication dans la redéfinition de la médecine des femmes. Le chapitre quatre est une étude au sujet des changements introduits par Xue Ji, auteur médical du XVIe siècle, dans l'oeuvre de Chen Ziming et dans le Shichan Lun. En conclusion, je constate la façon dont le Shichan lun, un oeuvre de caractère technique et pratique, a résisté l'incorporation théorique ainsi que les problèmes de l'utilisation de sources d'auteurs masculins quant à l'étude de la médecine des femmes et des praticiens femmes.
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Shen, Jian-Wei. "Effects of differing tectono-stratigraphic settings on late Devonian and early carboniferous reefs, Western Australia, Eastern Australia, South China, and Japan /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17417.pdf.
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Xu, Bixia. "Water Planning and Management in Theme Park Tourism: A Comparison of Australian and Chinese Policy and Practice." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365805.
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Water security has emerged as a significant international concern in recent decades. Climate change, rapid urbanisation, and burgeoning global tourism are compounding water provision problems in many countries. Australia and China are two examples. The driest inhabited continent on Earth, Australia has recently experienced its worst drought in recorded history. The nation is also dealing with high urban population growth. Residents' water demands are heightened by large numbers of tourists. China is the world's largest fresh water consumer. Although China has many fresh water sources, rapid economic growth, unprecedented rates of urbaisation, and a burgeoning tourism industry are impacting water security. Paradoxically, both countries also have a thriving water-based theme park industry. Theme parks are a major element in global tourism and exact heavy environmental impacts, especially upon water resources. But there is scant environmental planning research on theme parks. Extant research has found that theme parks are fraught with environmental problems, including habitat degradation, pollution, and water resource depletion. Water-based theme parks (WBTPs) are especially water-intensive and have experienced substantial international growth in recent decades. Yet very few studies have assessed the environmental impacts of water-based theme park tourism, leaving a significant gap in our knowledge of water planning and management.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Wang, Jue. "The People's Republic of China and the IMF." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/65113/.
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This thesis looks into the relationship between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since the PRC regained its IMF membership in 1980. It initially analyzes the China-IMF relationship with socialization theoretical framework, attempting to explore how the IMF has socialized China into accepting neoliberal international economic norms. The research borrows Alastair Johnston’s ‘microprocesses’ of socialization to assess the processes of IMF socialization via financial assistance, technical assistance, and surveillance and policy advice for China. The research shows socialization has taken place to a moderate degree, as IMF programs have had some impacts on China’s domestic economic and financial liberalization. Yet no evidence shows the IMF has convinced China to fully redefine its economic principles and norms. Socialization turns out to be an inadequate analytical approach to analyzing the China-IMF relationship in the long run. The research continues with a supplementary theoretical framework: principal-agent theory. Principal-agent theory overcomes some of the technical deficiencies in socialization theory, and helps us understand more thoroughly China’s role in the IMF and the governance of international financial economy in general in the long run. China is regarded as the principal, and the IMF as China’s international organization agent. Driven by its objective of acquiring a larger influence in the governance of international financial economy, China delegates several tasks to the IMF so that the Fund can accomplish these tasks more efficiently than if China took other cooperative or unilateral approaches. China-IMF interactions are assessed following a four-stage analytical approach based upon the key concepts of principal-agent theory. China’s and the IMF’s institutional features and functions are examined as important factors of the China-IMF relationship. They include China’s preferences regarding IMF operation, China’s role in IMF governance, and China’s impact among IMF staff. Based on this examination, the consequences of China’s delegation of tasks to the IMF are assessed. This dissertation indicates that the IMF plays a limited role in assisting China to access larger influence in the governance of international financial economy, because of the IMF’s westerndominated staffing rules, unbalanced governance structure, preference deviation from China, inadequate resources, and China’s incapability to facilitate strict controls on the IMF. The thesis contributes to the so far thin literature on the China-IMF relationship with selected case studies such as IMF Article IV Consultation for China, China’s role in IMF quota and voting share reforms, IMF staff with Chinese nationality, and so on. The research provides a model for analyzing the relationship between China and international organizations with a combination of socialization and principal-agent theoretical frameworks. Last but not least, it extends the research subject of principal-agent theory in international organization Studies to include an emerging market economy state as the principal, which correctly implies the increasing influence of emerging market economies in the governance of international political economy.
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Xiao, Yuefan. "The politics of crisis management in China." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58953/.
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This thesis investigates how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has tactically managed and defused major crises between 2002 and 2008 which put its credibility and legitimacy to the test. Contrary to conventional wisdom that major crises are likely to challenge and threaten regime stability in authoritarian systems or even undermine their viability, this thesis argues that the CCP has managed to sustain its political hegemony to date through the manipulation of these major crises and through the maximum tinkering with the current political system it reigns over. In order to explain why manipulation is the key in the CCP’s successful crisis management, this thesis first develops a critical reassessment of the conception of crisis and elaborates on crisis’s tripartite political utilities. These are (a) shift the dominating paradigm, (b) centralise political power and (c) (re) gain popularity and legitimacy. These altogether form an analytical framework for crisis, which is followed by a chapter that sets the backdrop against which our case studies unfold and explains why the Chinese context is particularly favourable for crisis manipulation. The thesis then proceeds with three case studies: the 2003 SARS epidemic, the 2008 Sichuan earthquake and the Sanlu milk scandal occurred in the same year. The thesis suggests that although the CCP’s responses were not flawless, and not always timely, it managed to manipulate all three crises in its favour via the aforementioned political utilities and subsequently defused these crises. At the same time, its Leninist structure was able to unleash formidable mobilisation capacity to help the regime rapidly bring situations under control. Overall, the CCP’s crisis management efficacy was satisfactory in the short term. Nevertheless, the thesis concludes that despite the short term usefulness of crisis manipulation, in the long term the efficacy of the same strategy as well as the political utility of crisis are decaying, as illustrated in reference to more recent crises that stretched the CCP’s credibility. Therefore, the CCP is in need of embarking on substantive political reform in order to develop an alternative crisis displacement mechanism. This thesis makes an original contribution to the existing literature in the field. It complements the public administration and public management literature by bringing politics back in. It also updates the empirical knowledge base of past studies as well as offering a comparison of crisis responses. This is a timely contribution to the study of Chinese crisis management and to the study of the nature of Chinese politics.
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Blaser, Andrea. "Sustainability gap : a case study of Olympic development in Sydney, Australia and Beijing, China /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8479.
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Sun, Weiguo. "Contributions to palaeontology and stratigraphic correlation of the late precambrian in China and Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs957.pdf.
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Madugoda, Gunaratnege Senali. "Consumers’ payment preference at Point-of-Sale (POS) in Australia, China and Sri Lanka." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2438.
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Payment methods have been expanding rapidly in recent years. To develop effective strategies and to meet individuals’ payment satisfaction, financial institutions need to understand the factors that influence the payment preferences of individuals from different cultural backgrounds. This study aims to investigate the drivers of payment preference at the Point-of- Sale (POS) and the moderating effects of cultural dimensions. Drawing on the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory and contextual factors a conceptual framework was developed and tested using a two phases approach. In the qualitative phase, focus groups were conducted to explore the similarities and differences amongst Australians, Chinese, and Sri Lankans in terms of salient attitudes toward payment methods at the point-of-sale (POS). Two focus groups were conducted for Australia (n=12) and Sri Lanka (n=12), and individual interviews were carried out with 11 Chinese participants (total n=35). As a result, the initial framework (derived from the literature) was revised. In the quantitative phase, the developed framework for the study was tested. A questionnaire was developed using the key factors identified from the literature review and focus groups. An online survey was employed to collect data from Australia (n= 292), China (n= 358), and Sri Lanka (n= 309) using a convenience sampling technique. The partial least squares (PLS) technique was used to analyse 959 valid responses. The results showed that perceived relative advantage and social influence are positively associated, and perceived risks and perceived rewards are negatively associated, with payment preference. The effects of perceived compatibility and perceived situations on consumers’ payment preferences were non-significant. In terms of cultural dimensions, uncertainty avoidance positively moderated the negative relationship between perceived risks and payment preference. Furthermore, long-term orientation positively moderated the negative relationship between perceived rewards and payment preferences. The findings help banks and other financial institutions to design efficient payment methods and develop effective strategies to promote particular payment methods. In particular, the findings provide useful insights for financial companies in changing the way of offering rewards to their consumers by differentiating themselves from their competitors, thus enhancing the capacity to both acquire and retain consumers. These outcomes supported the conceptual framework developed based on DOI theory and contextual factors and extend the literature on payment preference. Furthermore, the drivers of consumers’ payment preference for different cultures suggests important implications for global marketers
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Liu, Liwei. "A comparative study in China and Australia of parental engagement in transition to school." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122415/1/Liwei_Liu_Thesis.pdf.
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This is a comparative study conducted in both China and Australia examining parental engagement in transition to school; investigating parents' perceptions and engagement, and influencing factors. A mixed methods approach was applied to collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data in Beijing, China and Queensland, Australia. The results show that Chinese and Australian parents engaged differently in transition practices. Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory and PPCT model, was used to frame how Chinese and Australian parents' transition engagement is influenced by Person factors (children's characteristics, parents' role construction, self-efficacy, time and energy, and school and transition experiences), and Context factors (kindergarten, school, and teacher influence, social influence, policy influence, and societal and cultural influence). This study further contributes to the international education context by comparing parental engagement under globalization.
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Cheng, Elvin Suet-Pang. "Characteristics and Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Never-smokers in Australia and China." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28048.
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally, including Australia and China. Although tobacco smoke is the major cause of lung cancer, 15-25% of global lung cancer cases occur in lifelong never-smokers. Lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS), when considered as a distinct entity, was ranked as the 7th leading cause of cancer death worldwide in 2000, but there is still limited understanding of its aetiology. Although the International Agency for Research on Cancer identified multiple agents other than smoking to be lung carcinogens in humans, a significant portion of lung cancer patients have not been exposed to them, suggesting that other risk factors remain to be established. To establish a clear link between a risk factor and LCINS, it is important to focus on studies with exclusive or subgroup analyses of never-smokers, as LCINS has different epidemiological, clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics from lung cancer in ever-smokers. The aim of this thesis is to examine the roles of many potential risk factors for lung cancer among never-smoker groups using various datasets including the 45 and Up Study and China Kadoorie Biobank, the largest prospective cohort in Australia and China respectively.
This thesis is in seven chapters: an introduction, two review and three original research articles in the format of peer-reviewed publications, and a final discussion. It has provided risk estimates for several risk factors including residential radon, Asian country of birth, household air pollution and certain female hormonal factors (duration of oral contraceptive use, number of livebirths and time since menopause), and added valuable new evidence to the aetiology of LCINS. It also provides better understanding of other risk factors associated with LCINS, brings awareness to the significant cancer burden attributed to LCINS and highlights the important public health implications for the prevention and early detection of lung cancer among never-smokers.
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Davis, Michael John. "Australian Engagement with China (1972-2018): A Cluster Concept Assessment." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381510.
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This study is in response to the persistent ambivalence characterising the Australian narrative
on engagement with China. This ambivalence, between fear and friendship, can be framed as
a tension between expected China opportunity and anticipated loss. Ambivalence is evident at
the level of public policy development and implementation (the behavioural); at the level of
popular policy endorsement (the attitudinal); and at the institutional level. This narrative of
ambivalence includes the hopeful expectations of the Gillard Government’s 2012 White Paper,
that ‘in this Asian century we [Australia] must enter a new phase of deeper and broader
engagement’ with China. However, Australia and China have recently been assessed as moving
in different directions. The significance of China for Australia, and globally, demands greater
clarity and understanding — it demands assessment of the engagement process. This work
seeks to redress this demand.
In Part I of the study, engagement is identified as a cluster concept and a framework for
its qualitative assessment is developed. This framework aims to redress the absence of a
suitable assessment tool for engagement. The framework is employed in the Australian case
studies which form the basis of Part II of this thesis. Each case study covers a discrete period
of Australian Government stewardship of the China relationship. The Cluster Concept
Framework makes it possible to assess the degree of consolidation, or ‘deepening’, of
Australian engagement with China at the behavioural, attitudinal and institutional levels — a
complex and continuing process. This thesis finds that, despite varying degrees of activity and
fluctuating enthusiasm, Australia and China are beginning to move in different directions
largely due to failure on the Australian side. Engagement is broadening but not
commensurately deepening.
The Whitlam ALP Government’s (1972–1975) diplomatic recognition of the People’s
Republic of China (PRC) in 1972 created a ‘watershed’ in Australian engagement with China.
The Whitlam Government did not allow the warming of relations with China to obscure
important areas of disagreement, such as nuclear testing, and this gave its engagement policy
credibility, with China, and also attitudinally with the Australian people.
The Fraser Government (1975–1983) continued and extended the bipartisan approach to
China policy. Deepening engagement was indicated by the positions that Canberra shared with China on major international issues and the initiation of significant new relationship-building
measures.
Under the Hawke and Keating ALP governments (1983–1996), engagement with China,
defined as comprehensive engagement, was predicated on economic interests. The relationship
was not without its fragilities. By 1996, substantial sections of the Australian population felt
alienated from the Keating Government’s foreign policy, particularly its perceived efforts to
relocate Australia to Asia and resolve Australian identity.
The Howard Government (1996–2007) experienced a bumpy start to its engagement with
China. Consolidation at all three levels initially deteriorated; was restored and intensified
between 1997 and 2002; then becoming more ambiguous, during which amity was mixed with
unease. The benefits of trade were as visible to Howard as to his predecessors — differences
centred on what needed to be done to realise and maintain China opportunity while managing
varying levels of perceived China threat. This is at the heart of ambivalence in Australian
engagement with China.
Consolidation of Australian engagement with China during the Rudd-Gillard period
(2007–2013) failed to live up to expectations. Engagement remained bipartisan but was caught
in a paradox, potentially at more than one level. Fluctuating patterns of consolidation of
engagement continued under the Abbott and Turnbull governments (2013–present), with
evidence of a growing rhetorical war against China. The thesis identifies several critical areas
where divergence is apparent.
There is a complacency on Australia’s part towards China based on assumptions that
China needs Australia to feed its growth, thereby immunising Australia from the impacts of
failure at the behavioural level of engagement. This is a limiting perspective. This thesis
concludes that a new phase of deeper and broader engagement with China requires greater
understanding of China; greater Australian self-awareness of its own identity; plus the ability
to see how China and other Asian nations see Australia. This requires greatly improved China
literacy in Australia. The Cluster Concept Framework offers a means of understanding and
assessing engagement between Australia and China in the context of the Asian Century.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Govt & Int Relations
Griffith Business School
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Liu, Yan. "Toxic Cures: Poisons and Medicines in Medieval China." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467528.
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This dissertation explores the medicinal use of poisons in China from the third to the tenth century, which is when the major outlines of Chinese toxicological thought took shape. Challenging a widespread view that contrasts the benign naturalness of Chinese herbal remedies with the dangerous side effects of Western synthetic drugs, my research highlights the centrality of poisons to the practice and theory of medicine in China. Chinese doctors regularly relied on a large number of substances that they recognized as toxic to combat sickness, and identified toxicity as the central pillar for the classification of drugs. I argue that the boundary between poisons and medicines was always hazy in medieval China; it was not the substance itself, but how it was used and experienced that mattered.
To examine this crucial yet ignored feature of Chinese medicine, my dissertation develops the following themes. The first is that drugs in medieval China were not fixed entities with unique effects. The effect of a given substance—whether it healed as a medicine, or sickened or killed as a poison, or altered a person in myriad other ways—varied both with usage and with processing. Subsequently, Chinese doctors developed a variety of techniques (the dosage, the drug combination, and the drug preparation) to mitigate the toxicity of a poison while preserving its therapeutic potency. Secondly, I highlight the intimate relation between bodily experience and the understanding of poisons. By studying the alchemical practice of ingesting toxic minerals, I show that the violent bodily effects induced by these substances were often perceived as confirmations of efficacy rather than worrying signs of pathology. My third theme is the circulation of toxicological knowledge across geographical and social domains. I argue that standardized textual knowledge propagated by the state was fluidly transformed in practice, contingent upon the availability of pharmacological ingredients and the needs of local people. Finally, I turn to non-poisons, especially foods, in Chinese pharmacy, and identify a distinctive character of Chinese medicine—the ingestion of mild substances to nourish the body and prolong life. Chinese medicine thus developed through the interaction of two related, but distinct enterprises—the fight against sickness, and the quest for ever-enhanced vitality.History of Science
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Yu, Xin 1956. "Conceptualising and assessing intercultural competence of tour guides : an analysis of Australian guides of Chinese tour groups." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5637.
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Kongridhisuksakorn, Prangtip. "Community development in historical perspectives Tianjin from the Qing to the People's Republic of China /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3315919.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 7, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-07, Section: A, page: 2835. Advisers: Jeffrey Wasserstrom; Lynn Struve.
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Pal, Deep. "India-China Relationship Since 1988 -- Ensuring Economics trumps Politics." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1586663.
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The Sino-Indian relationship marked by mutual mistrust for the last six decades has seen definitive changes since the late 1980s. Though considerable issues remain unresolved, the two have begun establishing mechanisms to establish a certain level of trust that began with the visit of Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi to Beijing in 1988. The paper analyzes recent literature on this relationship and finds them predicting two outcomes primarily - either one where India admits Chinese supremacy and kowtows to it, or one that foresees increased clashes between the two. Neither outcome takes into account the complex association that the two nations are building guided by a series of frameworks, mechanisms and agreements. This paper posits that in the evolutionary arc of interstate relations, Sino-Indian relations have not reached a point where only one of the two options - cooperation and competition, will be chosen. This paper argues that economic interests of the two rising powers is behind the present behavior where the two are courting each other but at the same time, preparing for the other's rise. Both countries consider their economic identity to be primary and do not want to be distracted from the key national goal of economic development. They are particularly careful that their disagreements with each other do not come in the way of this goal. The paper analyzes the various frameworks and suggests that they are created with this end in consideration. Both India and China aim to continue collaboration in economic matters bilaterally or in international issues of mutual interest even when they don't see eye to eye on disputes left over from history. It is likely that competition will at times get the better of cooperation, driven by factors like strategic influence in the neighborhood, finding newer providers of energy as well as markets for their goods and services. But periodic flare-ups notwithstanding, in the absence of serious provocations, the two countries will avoid clashes that can escalate. The paper also analyzes certain black-swan events that might disturb the balancing act. Incidents like the death of the Dalai Lama creating a vacuum within the Tibetan leadership is one such scenario; a terrorist attack on India planned and executed form Pakistan like the one in Mumbai in 2008 is another. However, the presence of multiple bilateral platforms will continue to automatically insulate alternate channels of communication even in these situations. In conclusion, the paper suggests that as they grow, India and China will continue to engage each other at several levels, competing and cooperation, deterring and reassuring each other at once.