Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Australia's indigenous health policy'
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Panzironi, Francesca. "Indigenous Peoples' Right to Self-determination and Development Policy." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1699.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThis thesis analyses the concept of indigenous peoples’ right to self–determination within the international human rights system and explores viable avenues for the fulfilment of indigenous claims to self–determination through the design, implementation and evaluation of development policies. The thesis argues that development policy plays a crucial role in determining the level of enjoyment of self–determination for indigenous peoples. Development policy can offer an avenue to bypass nation states’ political unwillingness to recognize and promote indigenous peoples’ right to self–determination, when adequate principles and criteria are embedded in the whole policy process. The theoretical foundations of the thesis are drawn from two different areas of scholarship: indigenous human rights discourse and development economics. The indigenous human rights discourse provides the articulation of the debate concerning the concept of indigenous self–determination, whereas development economics is the field within which Amartya Sen’s capability approach is adopted as a theoretical framework of thought to explore the interface between indigenous rights and development policy. Foundational concepts of the capability approach will be adopted to construct a normative system and a practical methodological approach to interpret and implement indigenous peoples’ right to self–determination. In brief, the thesis brings together two bodies of knowledge and amalgamates foundational theoretical underpinnings of both to construct a normative and practical framework. At the normative level, the thesis offers a conceptual apparatus that allows us to identify an indigenous capability rights–based normative framework that encapsulates the essence of the principle of indigenous self–determination. At the practical level, the normative framework enables a methodological approach to indigenous development policies that serves as a vehicle for the fulfilment of indigenous aspirations for self–determination. This thesis analyses Australia’s health policy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as an example to explore the application of the proposed normative and practical framework. The assessment of Australia’s health policy for Indigenous Australians against the proposed normative framework and methodological approach to development policy, allows us to identify a significant vacuum: the omission of Aboriginal traditional medicine in national health policy frameworks and, as a result, the devaluing and relative demise of Aboriginal traditional healing practices and traditional healers.
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Leon, de la Barra Sophia. "Building research capacity for indigenous health : a case study of the National Health and Medical Research Council : the evolution and impact of policy and capacity building strategies for indigenous health research over a decade from 1996 to 2006." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3538.
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Master of PhilosophyAs Australia’s leading agency for funding health research (expending over $400 million in 2006), the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has a major responsibility to improve the evidence base for health policy and practice. There is an urgent need for better evidence to guide policy and programs that improve the health of Indigenous peoples. In 2002, NHMRC endorsed a series of landmark policy changes to acknowledge its ongoing role and responsibilities in Indigenous health research—adopting a strategic Road Map for research, improving Indigenous representation across NHMRC Council and Principal Committees, and committing 5% of its annual budget to Indigenous health research. This thesis examines how these policies evolved, the extent to which they have been implemented, and their impact on agency expenditure in relation to People Support. Additionally, this thesis describes the impact of NHMRC policies in reshaping research practices among Indigenous populations.
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Vujcich, Daniel Ljubomir. "Where there is no evidence, and where evidence is not enough : an analysis of policy-making to reduce the prevalence of Australian indigenous smoking." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2d8fbe9-b506-4747-993a-0657cb1df7bf.
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Background: Evidence-based policy making (EBPM) has become an article of faith. While critiques have begun to emerge, they are predominately based on theory or opinion. This thesis uses the 2008 case study of tobacco control policy making for Indigenous Australians to analyse empirically the concept of EBPM. Research questions: (1) How, if at all, did the Government use evidence in Indigenous tobacco control policy making? (2) What were the facilitators of and barriers to the use of evidence? (3) Does the case study augment or challenge the apparent inviolability of EBPM? Methods: Data were collected through: (1) a review of primary documents largely obtained under the Freedom of Information Act 1982; and (2) interviews with senior politicians, senior bureaucrats, government advisors, Indigenous health advocates and academics. Results: Historically, Indigenous smoking was not problematised because Indigenous people faced other urgent health/social problems and smoking was considered a coping mechanism. High prevalence data acquired salience in 2007/08 in the context of a campaign to reduce disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous health outcomes. Ensuing policy proposals were based on recommendations from literature reviews, but evidence contained in those reviews was weak; notwithstanding this, the proposals were adopted. Historical experiences led policy makers to give special weight to proposals supported by Indigenous stakeholders. Moreover, the perceived urgency of the problem was cited to justify a trial-and-evaluate approach. Conclusion: While the policies were not based on quality evidence, their formulation/adoption was neither irrational nor reckless. Rather, the process was a justifiable response to a pressing problem affecting a population for which barriers existed to data collection, and historical experiences meant that evidence was not the only determinant of policy success. The thesis proposes a more nuanced appraoch to conceptualising EBPM wherein evidence is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for policy. The approach recognises that rigorous evidence is always desirable but that, where circumstances affect the ability of such research being conducted, consideration must be given to acting on the basis of other knowledge (e.g. expert opinion, small-scale studies). Such an approach is justifiable where: (1) inaction is likely to lead to new/continued harm; and (2) there is little/no prospect of the intervention causing additional harm. Under this approach, non-evidentiary considerations (e.g. community acceptability) must be taken into account.
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Stoner, Lee, Anna G. Matheson, Lane G. Perry, Michelle A. Williams, Alexandra McManus, Maureen Holdaway, Lyn Dimer, Jennie R. Joe, and Andrew Maiorana. "Principles and strategies for improving the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases in indigenous populations: An international Delphi study." ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625942.
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The disparity in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, including within high-income countries, is driven by a heightened risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. The current study recruited independent panels of experts in Indigenous cardio-metabolic health from Australia, New Zealand and the United States, in order to establish local consensus opinion and initiate dialogue on appropriate prevention strategies. Therefore, a three-round Delphi process was used to consolidate and compare the opinions of 60 experts, 20 from each country. Round one, the experts were asked twelve open-ended questions across six domains: (i) prevention; (ii) consultation; (iii) educational resources; (iv) societal issues; (v) workforce issues; (vi) culture and family. Round two, the experts completed a structured questionnaire based on results from the first round, in which they ranked items according to their importance. Final round, the experts were asked to re-rank the same items after receiving summary feedback about the rank ordering from the previous round. Several themes emerged common to all three countries: (i) socio-economic and education inequalities should be addressed; (ii) educational, behaviour change and prevention strategies should address physical environmental determinants and be responsive to the local context, including being culturally appropriate; and (iii) cultural appropriateness can be achieved through consultation with Indigenous communities, cultural competency training, use of Indigenous health workers, and use of appropriate role models. These findings highlight several key priorities that can be used to initiate dialogue on appropriate prevention strategies. Such strategies should be contextualized to the local Indigenous populations.
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Parsons, Meg. "Spaces of Disease: the creation and management of Aboriginal health and disease in Queensland 1900-1970." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5572.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Indigenous health is one of the most pressing issues confronting contemporary Australian society. In recent years government officials, medical practitioners, and media commentators have repeatedly drawn attention to the vast discrepancies in health outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. However a comprehensive discussion of Aboriginal health is often hampered by a lack of historical analysis. Accordingly this thesis is a historical response to the current Aboriginal health crisis and examines the impact of colonisation on Aboriginal bodies in Queensland during the early to mid twentieth century. Drawing upon a wide range of archival sources, including government correspondence, medical records, personal diaries and letters, maps and photographs, I examine how the exclusion of Aboriginal people from white society contributed to the creation of racially segregated medical institutions. I examine four such government-run institutions, which catered for Aboriginal health and disease during the period 1900-1970. The four institutions I examine – Barambah Aboriginal Settlement, Peel Island Lazaret, Fantome Island lock hospital and Fantome Island leprosarium – constituted the essence of the Queensland Government’s Aboriginal health policies throughout this time period. The Queensland Government’s health policies and procedures signified more than a benevolent interest in Aboriginal health, and were linked with Aboriginal (racial) management strategies. Popular perceptions of Aborigines as immoral and diseased directly affected the nature and focus of government health services to Aboriginal people. In particular the Chief Protector of Aboriginals Office’s uneven allocation of resources to medical segregation facilities and disease controls, at the expense of other more pressing health issues, specifically nutrition, sanitation, and maternal and child health, materially contributed to Aboriginal ill health. This thesis explores the purpose and rationales, which informed the provision of health services to Aboriginal people. The Queensland Government officials responsible for Aboriginal health, unlike the medical authorities involved in the management of white health, did not labour under the task of ensuring the liberty of their subjects but rather were empowered to employ coercive technologies long since abandoned in the wider medical culture. This particularly evident in the Queensland Government’s unwillingness to relinquish or lessen its control over diseased Aboriginal bodies and the continuation of its Aboriginal-only medical isolation facilities in the second half of the twentieth century. At a time when medical professionals and government officials throughout Australia were almost universally renouncing institutional medical solutions in favour of more community-based approaches to ill health and diseases, the Queensland Government was pushing for the creation of new, and the continuation of existing, medical segregation facilities for Aboriginal patients. In Queensland the management of health involved inherently spatialised and racialised practices. However spaces of Aboriginal segregation did not arise out of an uncomplicated or consistent rationale of racial segregation. Rather the micro-histories of Fantome Island leprosarium, Peel Island Lazaret, Fantome Island lock hospital and Barambah Aboriginal Settlement demonstrate that competing logics of disease quarantine, reform, punishment and race management all influenced the ways in which the Government chose to categorise, situate and manage Aboriginal people (their bodies, health and diseases). Evidence that the enterprise of public health was, and still is, closely aligned with the governance of populations.
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Jenkins, Stephen. "Australia's Commonwealth Self-determination Policy 1972-1998 : the imagined nation and the continuing control of indigenous existence /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj522.pdf.
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Lavoie, JoseÌe Gabrielle. "Patches of equity : policy and financing of indigenous primary health care providers in Canada." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417833.
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Albert, S. M. "Medical pluralism among the indigenous peoples of Meghalaya, northeast India : implications for health policy." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2014. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1856013/.
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Introduction: Meghalaya is a state in northeast India that has a predominantly indigenous population and an age-old system of tribal medicine. There are practitioners of this system in most villages, who use medicinal plants sourced from the state’s vast forest bio-resources. This project studied the tribal medicine of Meghalaya from three perspectives, the healer, the community and the policy maker. It locates tribal medicine within the government’s policy on medical pluralism and seeks to understand how tribal medicine of a local context fits into the national policy of the Government of India. Methods: A mixed methods study design was employed. Estimates of awareness and use of traditional medicine in the community were obtained from the analysis of a household survey. For the qualitative component tribal healers, policy makers, and influential members of the community were interviewed. A combination of in-depth interviews, observations and focus group discussions was employed in the field with healers, while in-depth interviews were the main source of data from policy actors. Qualitative data was analysed using a thematic content analysis approach that incorporated elements of the grounded theory approach. Results: The community - tribal medicine has wide acceptance across the state, 87% believed it to be efficacious and 46 % reported using it in the 3 months prior to the survey. In comparison only 31% had heard of any of the AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy) systems that are being promoted by the state and only 10.5% had ever used it in their lifetime. Healers - tribal healers are a heterogeneous group who treat a wide variety of ailments. Their expertise is well regarded in the community for certain ailments such as musculoskeletal disorders, but often their services were sought when patients were dissatisfied with biomedicine. For physical ailments that are culturally understood their services are often the preferred option. Their expertise niches have evolved through their interactions with, and the perceived needs of the community. 16 Policy actors – although there were some appreciative voices, several biomedical doctors and policy makers in the government department of health derided tribal medicine’s unscientific nature. In comparison other systems like Ayurveda and homeopathy were assumed to have scientific merit mainly because of institutionalisation and government recognition of these systems. The comparison with homeopathy is pertinent as its scientific credentials are being increasingly questioned in scientific literature. In contrast those outside the health department, academics, biomedical doctors and other influential members of the community favoured tribal medicine because of its widely regarded efficacy and its cultural value. Neglect of tribal medicine while promoting the imported AYUSH systems was seen as illogical and disrespectful to their culture by the latter group. Conclusions: the current policy in Meghalaya of mainstreaming AYUSH medicine is not supported by locally relevant evidence. It has led to a disproportionate increase in AYUSH doctors in the public sector. It represents a top down approach to policy formulation that ignores local realities. This study demonstrates the importance of contextualising policy to cultural milieus. It emphasises the importance of research in health system development and questions the generalising of policy in a country as diverse as India. The study illustrates the complexities, but points to the potential benefits of supporting tribal medicine in Meghalaya.
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Oborne, Katherine An. "Partnerships or ships apart? : a dilemma in the development and delivery of indigenous health policy /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09aro129.pdf.
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Macdonald, Mary Ellen 1969. "Hearing (unheard) voices : aboriginal experiences of mental health policy in Montreal." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84525.
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The focus of this dissertation is the mental health experiences of Aboriginal people in Montreal as they interface with health policy, and lack thereof, for this population.Drawing on anthropological fieldwork from Montreal, Eastern Quebec, and Ontario, this thesis endeavours to unravel the jurisdictional tapestry that Aboriginal clients must negotiate when seeking services in Montreal. Using an ethnographic methodology, this project provides an understanding of the ordering of health services for Aboriginal clients from street-level to policy offices.
This thesis draws on three theoretical areas (theories of illness, aboriginality, and public policy) to explicate four themes that emerge from the data. Analysis moves along a continuum between the illness experience and the macro-social determinants of politics and bureaucracy that impact the health of the individual as well as support and organize systems of care.
Discussion of Theme #1 (evolution of mental health and wellness categories in health theory, policy and practice) and Theme #2 ( the culture concept in health policy) demonstrates that despite the progressive evolution of concepts in health theory and policy, Aboriginal people generally do not find services in Montreal that provide culturally-sensitive, holistic care. Discussion of Theme #3 (barriers to wellness created by jurisdiction) argues that jurisdictional barriers prevent clients' access to even the most basic and rudimentary services and that such barriers can actually disable and increase distress. Discussion of Theme #4 ( Aboriginal-specific services) looks at the pros and cons of creating an Aboriginal-specific health centre in Montreal.
Together, these four themes show that understanding Aboriginal people in Montreal requires contextualizing their embodied experience within the colonial history and institutional racism which characterizes many healthcare interactions, and clarifying the bureaucracy that complicates the search for well-being. Montreal's Aboriginal problematic is located in a system characterized by entrenched bureaucracy, jurisdictional complexity and injustice, these elements mapping onto Aboriginal reality with serious repercussions for individual identity and well-being.
Hearing the voices of Aboriginal people in Montreal as they seek out care for mental health problems requires the resolution of jurisdictional and policy clashes that currently silence their suffering. This thesis endeavours to advance this crucial social agenda.
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Choate, Peter W. "Assessment of parental capacity for child protection : methodological, cultural and ethical considerations in respect of indigenous peoples." Thesis, Kingston University, 2018. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/42579/.
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Parenting capacity assessments (PCA) have been used in the child intervention system in Canada since at least the 1970s. They are used in other Western jurisdictions including the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and the United States. There is a relatively large literature that considers the ways in which these assessments might be conducted. This thesis, drawing upon the prior work of the candidate, seeks to show that, despite widespread use, the PCA is a colonial methodology that should not be used with Indigenous peoples of Canada. The PCA draws upon Eurocentric understandings of parenting, definitions of minimal or good enough parenting, definitions of family and community as well as the use of methods that have neither been developed nor normed with Indigenous peoples. Using critical theory, particularly "Red Pedagogy" which is rooted in an Indigenous lens, the PCA is deconstructed to examine applicability to Indigenous populations of Canada, and potentially other populations that do not fit a Eurocentric understanding of family and parenting. Implications for clinical practice with Indigenous peoples are drawn which may have relevance for other populations.
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Pereira, Luiz Otávio dos Santos. "Política de saúde para às populações indígenas no Brasil: continuidades e descontinuidades - 1986-2013." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2453.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-10This dissertation proposes an analysis of the Health Policy for Indigenous People of Brazil, in the period between 1986 and 2013, with basis in the theories of policy studies developed by the Political Science, in special the ACF( Advocacy Coalition Framework) developed by Jenkins-Smith and Sabatier. We observe that this policy born due to an amplest context of transformations of citizenship nature, that compels to a new way to formulate policies that handle with diversity, that start to conciliate the principle of equality with the respect to difference. And we demonstrate how the Brazilian State search in this policy the conciliation between the health right and the cultural rights, with mean, between the principles of universalism and particularism, dealing with the unavoidable set of dilemmas that this matter causes. However, we highlight that in this health policy occur an uncommon frequency of discontinuities. We identify that between the consolidation of the ideational basis of this policy in 1986 and the present period of 2013; occur an sequence of institutional reconfigurations and restructuration of the attention model. The four main changes are: in 1991, when the responsibility of the indigenous health was transferred to FUNASA( National Foundation of Health); in1994, when occur the partial return of the indigenous health to FUNAI( National Foundation of Indian); in 1999, with the Arouca s Law that give back the integrity of the indigenous health responsibility to FUNASA; in 2008, when was create the Especial Secretary of Indigenous Health. This research propose to answer what was the factors that causes the general picture of the institutional instability and the identified changes; and adopt as main hypothesis that the sources of the changes and consequentially of the instability, was the competition between the coalitions that structure themselves around of a divergent set of ideas, that constitute the normative basis of the health policy for indigenous peoples. That way shows with are the coalitions, how they born, around of what ideas they are structured, how they interact, and how make changes in the policy health to indigenous peoples, using the opportunity structure, that opens the possibilities to break the stability and change the status quo
Essa dissertação propõe uma análise da Política de Saúde para as Populações Indígenas no Brasil, do período entre 1986 e 2013, tendo como base as teorias de políticas públicas desenvolvidas pela Ciência Política, em particular o ACF( Advocacy Coalition Framework) desenvolvido por Jenkins-Smith e Sabatier. Observamos que essa política pública nasce devido a um contexto mais amplo de transformações da natureza da cidadania, que compele a uma nova forma de se formular políticas públicas que lidam com a diversidade, que passa a conciliar o principio da igualdade com o respeito a diferença. E demonstramos como o Estado brasileiro busca nessa política a conciliação entre o direito à saúde e os direitos culturais, ou seja, entre o universalismo e o particularismo, tratando dos dilemas inevitáveis que esta questão acarreta. No entanto, destacamos que na política de saúde indígena ocorre uma frequência incomum de descontinuidades. Identificamos que, entre a consolidação da base ideológica dessa política pública em 1986 e o atual momento de 2013, ocorre uma série de reconfigurações institucionais e reestruturações do modelo de atenção. As quatro principais mudanças foram: em 1991, quando responsabilidade da saúde indígena é transferida para a FUNASA (Fundação Nacional de Saúde); em 1994, quando ocorre o retorno parcial da saúde indígena para a FUNAI(Fundação Nacional do Índio);em 1999, com a Lei Arouca que devolve a integralidade da responsabilidade da saúde indígena para a FUNASA; e em 2008, quando é criada a Secretaria Especial de Saúde Indígena. Essa pesquisa propõe responder quais foram os fatores que causaram o quadro geral de instabilidade institucional e das mudanças identificadas; adota como hipótese central que a causa das mudanças, e consequentemente, da instabilidade, foi a disputa entre as coalizões que se estruturam em torno de um conjunto de divergentes ideias que formam a base normativa da política de saúde indígena. Assim demonstramos quais são as coalizões, como nascem, em torno de quais ideias se estruturam, como interagem e causam mudanças na política de saúde indígena, usando a estrutura de oportunidade que possibilita a ruptura da estabilidade e mudança do status quo
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Yen, Jeffery. "Healing at the margins: discourses of culture and illness in psychiatrists', psychologists' and indigenous healers' talk about collaboration." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002600.
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This dissertation explores discourses about culture and illness in the talk of mental health professionals and indigenous healers. It represents an attempt to situate the issue of indigenous healing in South Africa within a particular strand of critical discourse analytic research. In the context of current deliberations on the value, or otherwise, of indigenous healing in a changing health and specifically mental health system, the talk of both mental health practitioners and indigenous healers as they conceptualise “disorder”, and discuss possibilities for collaboration, is chosen as a specific focus for this study. Disputes over what constitutes “disorder” both within mental health, and between mental health and indigenous healing are an important site in which the negotiation of power relations between mental health professionals and indigenous healers is played out. The results of this study suggest that despite the construction of cogent commendations for the inclusion of indigenous healing in mental health, it remains largely marginalised within talk about mental health practice. While this study reproduces to some extent the marginalisation of indigenous healing discourse, it also examines some of the discursive practices and methodological difficulties implicated in its marginalisation. However, in the context of “cultural pride strategies” associated with talk about an African Renaissance, indigenous healing may also function as a site of assertion of African power and resistance in its construction as an essentially African enterprise. At the same time, it may achieve disciplinary effects consonant with cultural pride strategies, in constructing afflictions in terms of neglect of, or disloyalty to cultural tradition. These results are discussed in terms of the methodological difficulties associated with interviewing and discourse analysis of translated texts, which contributes to difficulties with articulating indigenous healing discourse in a way that challenges the dominant psychiatric discourses implicated in its marginalisation within mental health. It concludes with recommendations for future research which addresses indigenous healing discourse in its own terms, and examines its operation as a disciplinary apparatus in South African society.
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Sbaraini, Fabiana Leticia. "A saúde indígena no território das políticas públicas: encontros e desencontros de práticas e saberes na Casa de Saúde Indígena de Roraima." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6211.
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O tema de pesquisa desta tese é a saúde indígena, pensada na trama de políticas, práticas e relações interculturais de cuidados em saúde. Neste sentido, a tese está direcionada a analisar as políticas em torno dos processos de Saúde/adoecimento/cuidado voltadas para a população indígena do estado de Roraima. Explorou-se densamente o microuniverso da Casa de Saúde Indígena de Boa Vista- CASAI-RR, com o intuito de expandir o olhar a outros contextos significativos, como o da implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde dos Povos Indígenas e o do próprio curso das políticas indigenistas no Brasil. O objetivo central da pesquisa foi o de analisar a articulação de políticas do ponto de vista da interculturalidade para pensar a saúde indígena, refletindo a partir dos diálogos e tensões entre atores sociais no contexto da CASAI-RR. Optou-se como delineamento da pesquisa a etnografia, porque ela possibilita interações de face a face, fortalecendo as relações interpessoais entre os atores sociais envolvidos na pesquisa. A pesquisa etnográfica era centrada nos gestores das políticas de saúde indígena, profissionais de saúde que atuam na CASAI e indígenas das diversas etnias os quais estavam em fase de tratamento, incluindo neste universo alguns pajés. Ao longo do processo de imersão no microuniverso da CASAI, tornou-se possível construir e reconstruir as práticas e concepções a respeito de saúde e doença, num processo contínuo, abrindo espaço à emergência de novos modelos de atenção à saúde, dando enfoque ao caráter relacional e nas múltiplas vozes que integram o cenário social pesquisado. No que concerne à construção de políticas públicas, estas têm sido permeadas por diálogos, negociações, conflitos, construções históricas e políticas de diferentes grupos socioculturais. Essa característica se acentua na construção da interculturalidade presente na saúde indígena, buscando favorecer espaços de diálogo entre distintas racionalidades e as práticas de saúde, as quais são um tema central na luta dos povos indígenas pela conquista de seus direitos em termos de acessos e serviços com qualidade. Estudos dessa magnitude se tornam essenciais para uma compreensão mais ampla sobre o discurso cultural, igualdade e reconhecimento da pluralidade étnica e cultural das sociedades, em especial, no contexto da atenção diferenciada à saúde indígena.
The research theme of this thesis is the indigenous health, thought in policies, practices and intercultural relations in health care. In that way, the thesis is aimed at analyzing the policies around the processes of health / illness / care aimed at the indigenous population in Roraima. It was deeply explored the microuniverse of Indigenous Health House in Boa Vista, called Casai-RR, to understand other contexts, such as the implementation of National Health Policy of Indigenous Peoples and the course related to this thematic. The objective of the research was to analyze the policy of interculturalism indigenous health, from the dialogues and tensions between social actors in Casai-RR. It was chosen as the study design ethnography, by enabling face to face interactions, strengthening interpersonal relationships between the actors involved. Ethnographic research was focused on managers of indigenous health policies, health professionals working at Casai and indigenous people from different ethnic groups who were undergoing treatment, including some shamans. Throughout the process, it was possible to build and reconstruct practices and conceptions of health and disease, in a continuous process, making room for the emergence of new health care models, with emphasis on character relational and multiple voices that are part of the social scene. As regards the construction of public policies, they have been permeated by dialogue, negotiation, conflict, historical buildings and different socio-cultural groups policies. This characteristic is accentuated in the construction of this interculturalism in indigenous health, which seeks to promote the dialogue between different rationalities and health practices, which by the way, has been a central theme in the struggle of indigenous peoples for the conquest of their rights in terms of access and services with quality.Research like this become essential for broad understanding of the cultural discourse of equality and recognition of ethnic and cultural diversity of societies, especially in the context of differentiated indigenous health care.
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Willenbrink, Elizabeth. "Policy Communication and the Influence of Agricultural Communities on Karst Landscapes: A Case Study In Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Vietnam." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2076.
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Karst landscapes are vulnerable to human influence, especially agricultural practices. The interconnectedness between surface activities and subsurface environments make karst landscapes particularly susceptible to soil erosion and water contamination. The likelihood of these two phenomena happening increases when agricultural intensification, irrigation, or fertilizer application occurs. This situation arises frequently in Vietnam, where 18% of the country is karst terrain and 60% of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihoods (Farming First 2009). In order to mitigate the negative consequences of agriculture on karst landscapes, effective implementation of policy to regulate human activities and increased communication of these policies to appropriate communities is needed. This study occurred in Phong Nha- Kẻ Bàng National Park, Vietnam, a UNESCO World Heritage site dominated by karst landscapes, extensive agricultural communities, and minimal regulation efforts specific to karst terrains. Interviews, observation, and GPS analysis were used to analyze the effectiveness of policy communication and karst protection in PN-KB. The research revealed that karst protection policy in the region is minimally communicated and, when communicated, often delivered in an ineffective manner to the wrong individuals. Despite the known harm agriculture causes to karst landscapes, intensification, irrigation, and the use of fertilizers still occurs frequently and is often supported by government officials in PN-KB. Policy and karst landscape information is concentrated among park officials and rarely presented in an informal setting, leaving those in most frequent contact with the karst landscape—the farmers—without any information about the vulnerability of karst terrain to agricultural activities and the subsequent consequences to human health. Through analyzing the interactions between farmers and management officials in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, general conclusions on communicating policies to protect karst terrain in agricultural regions can be drawn. The communication of karst science and the implementation of policy to protect karst landscapes must be presented both formally to governing officials and local representatives, as well as through informal networks to general citizens. Through these means of communication, protection for karst landscapes and their inherent natural resources can successfully be implemented.
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DUAILIBE, Elza Galvão Bergê Cutrim. "Adequação da casa de saúde do índio de São Luís - MA ao contexto intercultural de seus usuários: organização, humanização e ambiência." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2015. https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/1977.
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CAPES
This study aimed to study the adequacy of service in the House of Indian Health in São Luís, MA (CASAI-SLZ) to the reality of its users based on the National Policy for the Health of Indigenous People (PNASPI) and Humanization National Policy (PNH). It is based on a qualitative methodology through a case study of exploratory and descriptive. Therefore, the research is referenced by means of studies on PNASPI and the PNH, considering issues related to its object, as ambience and interculturalism. The theoretical data were obtained in books, scientific articles, laws, ordinances and official publications that deal with indigenous health, as its historical and organization. We decided to first draw a picture on indigenous health policies in Brazil, considering the various changes in its management and then explain the roles of the Houses of Indian Health. Also analyzed the Humanization National Policy from the perspective of intercultural and fitness for indigenous peoples, highlighting the importance of ambience for couples. Field data collection used the method of semistructured interviews, and systematic observation, photographs and reports analysis assigned by the institution. The analysis identified problems in the implementation of health policies for indigenous peoples by the competent bodies and also by the Unified Health System and piecemeal management. The account of workers and CASAI-SLZ users pointed to problems in the physical and organizational structure as well as the lack of projects and humanizing actions, and services that are opposed to prescribing the applicable laws. The results indicated that, although the PNASPI and the PNH establish that indigenous have the right to special attention of that home conditions do not favor a fully based care in intercultural and specificity of its users. In addition to the difficulties identified in the house, they were also perceived problems in the health services of the Maranhão state and the management of the Indigenous Special Sanitary District of Maranhão that directly affect indigenous. The study was approved by the Special Indigenous Sanitary District of Maranhão (DSEI-MA) and by the Research Ethics Committee of the São Luís’s Health Municipal Secretary (CEPSEMUS).
Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a adequação dos serviços prestados na Casa de Saúde do Índio de São Luís - MA (CASAI-SLZ) à realidade dos seus usuários com base na Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas (PNASPI) e na Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH). Baseou-se em uma metodologia qualitativa, através de estudo de caso de caráter exploratório e descritivo. Para tanto, referenciou-se a pesquisa por meio de estudos sobre a PNASPI e a PNH, considerando questões pertinentes ao seu objeto, como ambiência e interculturalidade. Os dados teóricos foram obtidos em livros, artigos científicos, leis, portarias e publicações oficiais que tratam da saúde indígena, como seu histórico e organização. Optou-se por primeiramente traçar um panorama sobre as políticas de saúde indígena no Brasil, contemplando as várias mudanças em sua gestão e em seguida explanar as atribuições das Casas de Saúde do Índio. Também se analisou a Política Nacional de Humanização sob a ótica da interculturalidade e adequação para povos indígenas, destacando a importância da ambiência para as CASAIs. Para coleta de dados em campo utilizou-se o método de entrevistas semiestruturadas, além de observação sistemática, fotografias e análise de relatórios cedidos pela instituição. A análise permitiu identificar problemas na execução das políticas de saúde para os povos indígenas pelos órgãos competentes e ainda pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, bem como uma gestão fragmentada. O relato dos trabalhadores e dos usuários da CASAI-SLZ apontou para problemas na estrutura física e organizacional, bem como a falta de projetos e ações humanizantes, além de serviços que se contrapõem ao que preconizam as leis vigentes. Os resultados indicaram que, apesar de a PNASPI e a PNH estabelecerem que os indígenas tenham o direito à atenção diferenciada, as condições da referida casa não favorecem um cuidado integralmente baseado na interculturalidade e especificidade dos seus usuários. Além das dificuldades identificadas na casa, também foram percebidos problemas nos serviços de saúde do estado do Maranhão e na gestão do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena do Maranhão que afetam diretamente aos indígenas. A pesquisa foi autorizada pelo Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena do Maranhão (DSEI-MA) e pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Luís (CEP-SEMUS).
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Baptista, Valdir. "Registro audiovisual da omissão do estado brasileiro nas políticas públicas de saúde segundo depoimento de lideranças indígenas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-05122016-142523/.
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Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho documental utilizando o audiovisual como lócus de instalação de depoimentos de lideranças indígenas do Estado do Acre, Brasil. O objetivo é analisar registros de vivências de lideranças indígenas sobre suas condições de vida, como contribuição às políticas públicas do SUS. E apresentar uma proposta interventiva a partir das potencialidades do vídeo documentário. Resultados: A população indígena, por uma série de motivos, certamente é a parcela da população brasileira sobre a qual menos existem dados específicos que permitam o estabelecimento de políticas de saúde pública eficazes. Embora tenham ocorrido avanços significativos no conhecimento das questões indígenas e um crescente empoderamento das lideranças indígenas na luta por seus direitos básicos de cidadania, a situação ainda está aquém do esperado. Temas relevantes abordados: 1. Participação nas instâncias do poder público/ direitos indígenas. 2. Medicina tradicional exterioridade da doença. 3. Dificuldades com o SUS. 4. Cuidados de saúde nas aldeias. 5. Segurança Alimentar e desnutrição. 6. Qualidade da água e saneamento básico. 7. Logística. 8. Cobertura vacinal. 9. Saúde das mulheres indígenas. 10. Ecologia e biodiversidade. 11. Morte de crianças indígenas. Conclusões: 1. A omissão sistemática dos governos em qualificar agentes de saúde indígenas no tocante às intervenções em saúde individual e coletiva e no exercício dos direitos sociais. 2. Falta de empenho do SUS em contratar profissionais com formação especializada para compor as equipes e direções do Sistema de Saúde que atuam nas aldeias e nos postos avançados de saúde no interior do território. 3. Dificuldades de comunicação entre as equipes do SUS e os povos indígenas. Há barreiras de idioma, de cultura e de percepção do processo saúde-doençaMethod: This is a qualitative research that uses the documentary audio-visual like a place of installation register statements of native indigenous leaders of Acre, Brazil. The objective is to analyze records of indigenous leaders from experiences about their living conditions as a contribution to public SUS policies. And present an interventional proposal from the documentary video potentiality. Results: The indigenous population, for a number of reasons, it is certainly the Brazilian population, on which there is less specific data that allow the establishment of effective public health policies. Although there have been significant advances in knowledge of indigenous issues and a growing empowerment of indigenous leaders in the struggle for their basic rights of citizenship, the situation is still below expectations. Relevant topics approached:1. Participation in public authoritys instances / indigenous rights. 2. Traditional medicine - externality of the disease. 3. Difficulties with SUS. 4. Health care in villages. 5. Food security and malnutrition. 6. Water quality and basic sanitation. 7. Logistics. 8. Vaccination coverage. 9. Indigenous women\'s health. 10. Ecology and biodiversity. 11. Death of indigenous children. Conclusions: 1. the systematic omission of governments in qualify indigenous health workers with regard to the individual and collective health interventions and the exercise of social rights. 2. Lack of commitment of the SUS in hiring professionals with specialized training to compose the teams and directions of the Health System that work in the villages and in the outposts of health in the territory. 3. Difficulties in communication between SUS teams and indigenous peoples. There are barriers to language, culture and perception of the health-disease process
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Gusman, Christine Ranier [UNIFESP]. "Parteiras Indígenas e os Objetos do Partejar: apropriação, usos, sentidos e significados." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/11600/41854.
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Previous issue date: 2017-11-17Esta tese é o resultado de um estudo que pretendeu colocar em análise as estratégias do Programa Trabalhando com Parteiras Tradicionais e suas repercussões para um grupo de mulheres Krahô. A entrega do kit da parteira é um ícone do programa, uma presunção de que uma nova prática alinhada ao saber hegemônico terá início a partir de então. Nesse sentido, o estudo buscou analisar como as mulheres Krahô compreendem sua participação no programa e se apropriam e ressignificam os objetos do kit da parteira no contexto do parto domiciliar. A tese está estruturada em formato de quatro artigos, cada qual representando momentos distintos do estudo. Os dois primeiros são anteriores ao trabalho de campo e frutos de questionamentos vivenciados tanto na etapa de desenvolvimento do programa de parteiras quanto no percurso para aprovação nos comitês de ética. Os dois últimos são provenientes do trabalho de campo e contaram com a antropologia e o método etnográfico como suportes principais. Os trâmites para aprovação ética do estudo mostraram-se tortuosos e excessivamente burocráticos, a experiência indicou que é nos processos singulares e subjetivos que as posturas éticas ou não éticas podem ser experimentadas, a despeito do que possa estar registrado em formulários. Os resultados apontam um descompasso entre o discurso e a prática de valorização do saber tradicional e um nítido viés etnocentrado do programa ao ofertar instrumentos fora da lógica de cuidado das mulheres e pressupor um impacto nos indicadores de saúde a partir da aquisição do saber hegemônico. Os objetos foram apropriados e ressignificados no cotidiano das aldeias, mas não encontraram um lugar claro no contexto do parto domiciliar. Traços de violência simbólica emergiram e a categorização das mulheres Krahô como “parteiras” trouxe impactos e prejuízos na relação social de algumas mulheres. Sugere-se o resgate da dimensão intercultural na formulação e execução de políticas públicas direcionadas a esse público como um caminho profícuo, sob pena de se engendrar num ciclo alienado e alienante, desperdiçando recursos e adiando discussões importantes como o fortalecimento da rede de atenção à saúde no entorno das mulheres indígenas.
This thesis is the result of a study that sought to analyze the strategies of the Working with Traditional Midwives Program and its repercussions on a group of Krahô women. Midwife kit delivery is an icon of the program, a presumption that a new practice aligned with hegemonic knowledge will begin there after. Thus, the study sought to analyze how Krahô women view their participation in the program and take ownership of and resignify midwife kit objects in the home birth context. The thesis is structured in four papers, each representing different moments of the study. The first two occurred prior to fieldwork and result from issues raised during the development stage of the midwifery program and throughout the process of approval by ethics committees.The last two stem from fieldwork and were mainly supported by anthropology and the ethnographic method. The procedures for the ethical approval of the study were tortuous and overly bureaucratic. Experience has indicated that ethical or unethical stances can be experienced in the singular and subjective processes, regardless of what may be recorded in forms. Results point to a mismatch between the discourse and the practice of recognizing traditional knowledge and a clear ethnocentric bias of the program when offering tools outside the rationale of women care and assuming an impact on health indicators from the acquisition of hegemonic knowledge. The objects were appropriated and resignified in the daily life of villages, but they failed to find a clear place in the context of home birth. Symbolic violence traits emerged and the categorization of Krahô women as midwives brought impacts and losses in the social relationship of some women. We suggest reviving the intercultural realm in the formulation and implementation of public policies directed to this public as a profitable pathway, under penalty of engendering an alienated and alienating cycle, wasting resources and delaying important discussions such as the strengthening of the health care network around indigenous women.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Muñoz, Sánchez Adriana. "Análisis de las politicas públicas de salud para los indigenas en Colombia. Las prioridade del Estado y la efectividad del concepto de discriminación positiva." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14220.
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El reconocimiento de la diversidad cultural al interior de las sociedades ha conferido
una nueva dimensión al principio de igualdad dentro de los Estados democráticos,
de la cual Colombia ha sido vista como pionera. Haciendo un análisis del discurso de
la normatividad en materia de salud dirigida a las poblaciones indígenas, el principal
objetivo de esa tesis es el de conocer las prioridades establecidas por la legislación
en Colombia y analizar su coherencia con el discurso sobre la igualdad y las
medidas de discriminación positiva creadas para desarrollarlo. Este trabajo discute
también las nociones de pobreza y vulnerabilidad aplicada a los indígenas y la forma
como dichos preceptos desembocan en una cierta concepción de la igualdad la cual
satisface sólo parcialmente las finalidades buscadas por las medidas de
discriminación positiva; Resumo: O reconhecimento da diversidade cultural nas sociedades tem conferido uma nova
dimensão ao princípio da igualdade dentro dos Estados
democráticos, da qual Colômbia tem sido vista como pioneira. Fazendo uma análise
do discurso da normatividade nas questões de saúde dirigida às populações
indígenas, o principal objectivo desta tese é o de conhecer as prioridades
estabelecidas pela legislação e analisar a sua coerência com o discurso
sobre a igualdade e as medidas de discriminação positiva criadas para o
desenvolver. Este trabalho discute também as noções de pobreza e vulnerabilidade
aplicadas aos indígenas e a forma como a referida regulamentação cria uma certa
concepção de igualdade, a qual só satisfaz parcialmente as finalidades
que as medidas de discriminação positiva procuram atingir; Abstract: The recognition of cultural diversity within societies has given a new dimension to the
principle of equality within democratic states, of which Colombia has been seen as a
pioneer. By making an analysis of the discourse of health regulations aimed at
indigenous people, the main objective of this thesis is to know the priorities
established by the legislation in Colombia as well as analyze its consistency with
both, the discourse on equality and affirmative action measures created to develop it.
This study also discusses the notions of poverty and vulnerability as applied to
indigenous people and the way these notions lead to a certain conception of equality
which only partially meets the objectives sought by affirmative action.
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Gusman, Christine Ranier. "Parteiras indígenas e os objetos do partejar: apropriação, usos, sentidos e significados." Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/906.
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Esta tese é o resultado de um estudo que pretendeu colocar em análise as estratégias do
Programa Trabalhando com Parteiras Tradicionais e suas repercussões para um grupo de
mulheres Krahô. A entrega do kit da parteira é um ícone do programa, uma presunção de que
uma nova prática alinhada ao saber hegemônico terá início a partir de então. Nesse sentido, o
estudo buscou analisar como as mulheres Krahô compreendem sua participação no programa e
se apropriam e ressignificam os objetos do kit da parteira no contexto do parto domiciliar. A tese
está estruturada em formato de quatro artigos, cada qual representando momentos distintos do
estudo. Os dois primeiros são anteriores ao trabalho de campo e frutos de questionamentos
vivenciados tanto na etapa de desenvolvimento do programa de parteiras quanto no percurso
para aprovação nos comitês de ética. Os dois últimos são provenientes do trabalho de campo e
contaram com a antropologia e o método etnográfico como suportes principais. Os trâmites para
aprovação ética do estudo mostraram-se tortuosos e excessivamente burocráticos, a
experiência indicou que é nos processos singulares e subjetivos que as posturas éticas ou não
éticas podem ser experimentadas, a despeito do que possa estar registrado em formulários. Os
resultados apontam um descompasso entre o discurso e a prática de valorização do saber
tradicional e um nítido viés etnocentrado do programa ao ofertar instrumentos fora da lógica de
cuidado das mulheres e pressupor um impacto nos indicadores de saúde a partir da aquisição
do saber hegemônico. Os objetos foram apropriados e ressignificados no cotidiano das aldeias,
mas não encontraram um lugar claro no contexto do parto domiciliar. Traços de violência
simbólica emergiram e a categorização das mulheres Krahô como “parteiras” trouxe impactos e
prejuízos na relação social de algumas mulheres. Sugere-se o resgate da dimensão intercultural
na formulação e execução de políticas públicas direcionadas a esse público como um caminho
profícuo, sob pena de se engendrar num ciclo alienado e alienante, desperdiçando recursos e
adiando discussões importantes como o fortalecimento da rede de atenção à saúde no entorno
das mulheres indígenas.This thesis is the result of a study that sought to analyze the strategies of the Working with Traditional Midwives Program and its repercussions on a group of Krahô women. Midwife kit delivery is an icon of the program, a presumption that a new practice aligned with hegemonic knowledge will begin there after. Thus, the study sought to analyze how Krahô women view their participation in the program and take ownership of and resignify midwife kit objects in the home birth context. The thesis is structured in four papers, each representing different moments of the study. The first two occurred prior to fieldwork and result from issues raised during the development stage of the midwifery program and throughout the process of approval by ethics committees.The last two stem from fieldwork and were mainly supported by anthropology and the ethnographic method. The procedures for the ethical approval of the study were tortuous and overly bureaucratic. Experience has indicated that ethical or unethical stances can be experienced in the singular and subjective processes, regardless of what may be recorded in forms. Results point to a mismatch between the discourse and the practice of recognizing traditional knowledge and a clear ethnocentric bias of the program when offering tools outside the rationale of women care and assuming an impact on health indicators from the acquisition of hegemonic knowledge. The objects were appropriated and resignified in the daily life of villages, but they failed to find a clear place in the context of home birth. Symbolic violence traits emerged and the categorization of Krahô women as "midwives" brought impacts and losses in the social relationship of some women. We suggest reviving the intercultural realm in the formulation and implementation of public policies directed to this public as a profitable pathway, under penalty of engendering an alienated and alienating cycle, wasting resources and delaying important discussions such as the strengthening of the health care network around indigenous women.
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Araújo, Reginaldo Silva de. "Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde Indígena no Brasil : dilemas, conflitos e alianças a partir da experiência do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena do Xingu." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/242.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-06Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The Brazilian State, in order to start a new political relationship with indigenous communities, implemented, in 1999, the National Policy of Attention to Indigenous Health (PNASPI), through the National Health Foundation (FUNASA) and 34 Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts (DSEIs) located in the national territory. The new health policy for the indigenous areas, structured within the differentiated attention Subsystem and integrated into the Unified Health System (SUS), proposed a participatory model of Civil Society-State comanagement, via council or public policy managers, cooperation agreements with NGOs and other participatory experiences. Just likeit probably occurred in other indigenous territories, the implementation of a new State Agency in the Xingu brought a creative process of political and cultural adaptationto local leaders, generating the possibility of an inter-ethnic negotiation field. It was therefore from this political scenario that the research proposed to understand the indigenous leaders' forms of practice and their representations. Thus, it sought to observe the strategies of the region s representatives who "make pacts" and "negotiate" with the various organizations responsible for the implementation of health public policies (FUNASA, City Halls and NGOs), oriented by constitutional principles that ensure (universal) rights and (differentiated) specificities regarding preventive health care to these and all other indigenous groups within the national territory. The analysis of these forms of organization and political activity also sought to observe how the implementation of the health policy and its institutional arrangements generated a redesigning of the policy practices established between indigenous peoples and the State. Thus, even though indigenous leaders have not articulated a homogeneous position regarding the State's "offer" of partnership through NGOs and management councils,many of which with goals to ensure recognition and political spaces both in the national scene and in their traditional systems of organization, they started a project that pursues the enlargement of the memberships and a change in the organizational structure of the State.The movement, conducted by the leaders of the Alto Xingu, involves a participatory model of comanagement, whose practice does not dispense a few moments of consummation of the identity among the actors who make up this participatory experience.
O Estado brasileiro, visando a ensaiar uma nova relação política com as comunidades indígenas, implantou, em 1999, a Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde Indígena (PNASPI), através da Fundação Nacional de Saúde (FUNASA) e de 34 Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas(DSEIs)localizadosao longo do território nacional. A nova política sanitária para as áreas indígenas, estruturada no Subsistema de atenção diferenciada integrado ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), propôs um modelo participativo de cogestão Estado-Sociedade Civil, via conselhos gestores ou de políticas públicas, convênios de cooperação com ONGs e outras experiências participativas. Assim como, provavelmente, ocorreu em outros territórios indígenas, a implementação de uma nova agência estatal na Terra Indígena do Xingu imprimiu aos líderes locais todo um processo político-cultural de adaptação criativa, gerando-se as condições de possibilidade de um campo de negociação interétnica. Portanto, foi a partir desse cenário político que a pesquisa propôs-se a apreender as formas de atuação dos líderes indígenas e suas representações. Procurou-se, assim, observar as estratégias dos representantes alto-xinguanos que pactuam e negociam junto aos diversos órgãos responsáveis pela implementação de políticas públicas em saúde (FUNASA; prefeituras; e ONGs), orientadas por princípios constitucionais que asseguram a esses e aos demais grupos aldeados no território nacional, ao mesmo tempo, direitos (universais) e especificidades (diferenciadas) nos cuidados preventivos e de atenção à saúde. A análise dessas formas de organização e de atuação política buscou, ainda, observar como a implementação da política sanitária, com seus arranjos institucionais,gerouum redimensionamento das práticas políticas estabelecidas até então, entre povos indígenas e o Estado. Portanto, mesmo que os líderes indígenasnão tenham articulado uma posição homogênea diante da oferta estatal de parceria por meio de ONGs e conselhos gestores, muitos com objetivos de garantir reconhecimento e espaços políticos tanto no cenário nacional quanto nos seus sistemas tradicionais de organização, deflagraram um projeto que persegue o alargamento das participações e uma mudança na estrutura organizativa do Estado.Esse movimento, realizado pelos líderes do Alto Xingu, envolve um modelo participativo de cogestão, cuja prática também não dispensa alguns momentos de consumação da identidade entre os atores que compõem essa experiência participativa.
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Southard, Nicole. "The Socio-Political and Economic Causes of Natural Disasters." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1720.
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To effectively prevent and mitigate the outbreak of natural disasters is a more pressing issue in the twenty-first century than ever before. The frequency and cost of natural disasters is rising globally, most especially in developing countries where the most severe effects of climate change are felt. However, while climate change is indeed a strong force impacting the severity of contemporary catastrophes, it is not directly responsible for the exorbitant cost of the damage and suffering incurred from natural disasters -- both financially and in terms of human life. Rather, the true root causes of natural disasters lie within the power systems at play in any given society when these regions come into contact with a hazard event. Historic processes of isolation, oppression, and exploitation, combined with contemporary international power systems, interact in complex ways to affect different socioeconomic classes distinctly. The result is to create vulnerability and scarcity among the most defenseless communities. These processes affect a society’s ideological orientation and their cultural norms, empowering some while isolating others. When the resulting dynamic socio-political pressures and root causes come into contact with a natural hazard, a disaster is likely to follow due to the high vulnerability of certain groups and their inability to adapt as conditions change. In this light, the following discussion exposes the anthropogenic roots of natural disasters by conducting a detailed case analysis of natural disasters in Haiti, Ethiopia, and Nepal.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes December 2, 2013." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312042.
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Ibanda, Kabaka Paulin. "Réforme forestière de 2002 et droits des populations en RD Congo. Analyse de l'évolution du droit forestier dans ses aspects juridiques, fiscaux, écologiques et socio-économiques." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2031/document.
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Dans cette thèse, il est question de faire une analyse des conséquences de la réforme forestière qui est engagée en RDC depuis 2002 à l’instigation de la Banque mondiale dans le but de favoriser la gestion durable des forêts et le développement des populations forestières. Cependant l’évaluation juridique et économique de cette nouvelle politique forestière, réalisée après quinze ans d’application afin d’en mesurer l’impact sur la gestion durable des forêts, la fiscalité forestière et le développement local des populations forestières, montre que, si la réforme forestière de 2002 a contribué a une légère amélioration de la mobilisation des recettes fiscales forestières, elle n’a pas en revanche favorisé la durabilité des forêts ainsi que la protection des droits des populations forestières. Pour remédier à cette situation, nous suggérons certaines réformes consistant à améliorer cette politique forestièreIn this thesis, it is a question of making an analysis of the consequences of the forest reform which is engaged in the DRC since 2002 at the instigation of the World Bank with the aim to favor the sustainable management of the forests and the development of the forest populations. However, the legal and economic assessment of this new forestry policy, carried out after fifteen years of application to measure the impact on sustainable forest management, forest taxation and local development of forest populations, shows that, if the 2002 forestry reform contributed to a slight improvement in the mobilization of forest tax revenues, but did not favor the sustainability of forests and the protection of the rights of forest peoples. To remedy this situation, we suggest some reforms to improve this forest policy
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes December 4, 2017." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626507.
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März, Angelika [Verfasser]. "Australia's indigenous ill-health and national social policy implications : indigenous state of health, socioeconomic contexts and recent policy developments / Angelika März." 2004. http://d-nb.info/970966334/34.
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Lock, Mark John. "The participation of Indigenous people in national Indigenous health policy processes." 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/6934.
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It is acknowledged that part of the failure to improve Indigenous health is due to the lack of participation of Indigenous people in national policy and decision making processes. In this three part study I investigated the nature of Indigenous people’s participation in national Indigenous health policy processes. I combined quantitative and qualitative methods through the perspective of policy networks.The first part of the study was directed at the prominence of informal networks in the evolution of Indigenous affairs policy. I aimed to determine and describe the structural location of Indigenous people in an informal network of influential people. I administered a network survey questionnaire during the period 2003/04. In a snowball nomination process influential people nominated a total of 227 influential people. Of these, 173 people received surveys of which 44 people returned surveys, a return rate of 25 per cent. I analysed the data to detect the existence of network groups; measure the degree of group interconnectivity; measure the characteristics of bonds between influential people; and I used demographic information to characterise the network and its groups. I found a stable pattern of relationships in the three features of the informal network: the whole network was diverse, and the Indigenous people were integrated and embedded in the network. It would not have existed without Indigenous people due to a combination of their greater number, their distribution throughout the network groups, and the interconnections between the groups. I argued that the findings showed that Indigenous people were fundamental in this informal network of influential people.
The second part of the study was directed at the role of national health committees in engaging with advice about Indigenous health. I aimed to describe the structural location of Indigenous people in national health committees. Using internet sites I identified 121 national health committees at the end of 2003, and obtained information from 77 committees or 64 per cent of all committees. I calculated the proportion of members who were Indigenous within each committee; the proportion of committees which were Indigenous health committees; and constructed a visual representation of the formal reporting relationship between all the committees and Cabinet. I then determined the importance of each committee in terms of a committee network using eigenvector centrality scores. Finally, I identified the linking people between the informal network and the national health committees. I found that in a traditional hierarchical view that Indigenous people and Indigenous health committees were small in number and distant from Cabinet. In contrast a network view assumes that the importance of a committee depends on the combination of the number of interlocks, comembership, and betweenness with other committees. In this network view, Indigenous health committees were similarly located to other committees. A small number of elite knowledge brokers linked the informal networks and the national health committees. I argued that the findings showed a formal systemic deficiency in the strategic location of Indigenous people.
The third part of the study was directed at the significance of inter-personal bonds between influential people in influencing policy processes. I aimed to describe the interpersonal relationships between influential people through a semi-structured interview. The interview questions were designed to elicit responses in the broad context of knowledge and influence in national Indigenous health policy processes. From a list of 47 potential interviewees I obtained 34 interviews (a response rate of 72 per cent), transcribed 32 interviews and coded them thematically. I found that underlying the episodic meetings of national health committees was the constant activities of informal networking. The influential non-Indigenous people had to pass some rules of entry in order to engage in and utilise informal processes. The interviewees demonstrated a value of connectedness in interpersonal relationships through agreement with principles such as social models of health. However, advice about Indigenous health issues may need to be continually rediscovered as it remains anchored to local contexts in a macro context where advice faces pathways that are confusing and convoluted. I argued that the findings indicated a meta-level vacuum in conceptualising the relationship between the concepts of participation and advice in national Indigenous health policy processes.
The findings from the three parts indicated three characteristics of an ongoing meta-process (informal network), absence of a meta-perspective (national health committees), and a meta-concept of participation (interviews). I suggest that they form a meta-frame of participation. In this frame the energy dispersed in the many efforts at improving Indigenous peoples‟ participation are unfocussed because of multiple and uncoordinated policy origins. Therefore I concluded that the nature of participation of Indigenous people in national Indigenous health policy processes is one of unfocussed energy.
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Jenkins, Stephen (Stephen William). "Australia's Commonwealth Self-determination Policy 1972-1998 : the imagined nation and the continuing control of indigenous existence." 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj522.pdf.
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"September 2002." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 336-366) Argues that the Australian nation is the primary obstacle to the granting of self-determination to indigenous people because it is imagined and constituted as a monocultural entity, one that resists any divisions within the national space on the basis of culture or 'race'.
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Jali, Martha Nozizwe. "Collaboration of indigenous African and Western European medicine : policy guidelines." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/299.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)(Political Science) --University of Limpopo, 2009.The primary aim of this study was to advocate for a collaborated health care delivery system that includes indigenous African medicine and is administered and controlled by the government. The objectives were: To demonstrate how apartheid disrupted the natural development of indigenous healing practices. To dispel the misconception about the use of indigenous African medicine in the treatment of diseases. To demonstrate the need to protect both indigenous African and western European medicine. To demonstrate that African patients consult both indigenous African and western European doctors for various aspects of their treatment in their health care choices. To demonstrate that patients expect the government to provide an effective health delivery system. The main research question was: How can South Africa develop a collaborated health care delivery system using both indigenous African and biomedical health professionals that is effective and open to everyone on an equal basis? The theoretical framework for this study was the Afro-centric worldview in which events and ideas are perceived from an African perspective with the African people as the main players rather than victims. At the centre of the study were the African people, their health, disease pattern and healing practices. The Afro-centric qualitative research design was used. A sample size of 15 indigenous African doctors, 50 western European oriented health professionals and 84 patients participated in the study. The open coding method of data analysis was used to analyze data obtained from semi-structured in-depth interviews. The major findings of the study are that: The belief of the African people in the existence of the ancestors and spirituality remains unshakeable. The strong belief n the ancestors make the diagnosis and treatment of diseases essentially religious practices. In the African culture, there are no preventative measures against natural illnesses, but there are preventative measures that are used against witchcraft/sorcery from entering a homestead and causing illness among members of a family. African people utilize both health care systems simultaneously and/or interchangeably depending on the seriousness of the illness and the knowledge and experiences that the illness can be effectively treated using indigenous African medicine or biomedicine. Both indigenous African doctors and biomedical health professionals play an important role in the provision of health. Recommendations The study recommends that when policy guidelines on the collaboration of indigenous African and western European medicine are drawn up, the following should be considered: Legislation to protect indigenous knowledge on African medicine Legislation that controls the qualification and registration of indigenous African doctors. Inclusion of indigenous African medicine in the curricula of all health professionals.
N/A
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McMullen, Jennifer. "Regenerating Indigenous health and food systems: assessing conflict transformation models and sustainable approaches to Indigenous food sovereignty." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4350.
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Through exploring nine Indigenous young adults’ perceptions of their roles in building health and wellness through traditional food sovereignty, I assessed the effectiveness of using John Paul Lederach’s (1997) framework of conflict transformation within an Indigenous context for the purpose of creating Indigenous food sovereignty. Conflict transformation does not acknowledge or address the detrimental effects colonization has had on Indigenous peoples within their daily lives. This gap in analysis stunted the effectiveness of conflict transformation in helping young Indigenous adults to challenge colonial authority and work towards developing sustainable approaches to Indigenous food sovereignty.
Within the findings, roles emerged related to a generational cycle of learning and teachings traditional knowledge and cultural practices that are applied in the everyday lives of Indigenous peoples. “Learner-teacher cycles” are an Indigenous response to conflicts stemming from colonization. The cycle follows a non-linear progression of learning cultural and traditional knowledge from family and community and the transmission of that knowledge back to family and peers. Learner-teacher cycles are an everyday occurrence and are embedded within Indigenous cultures. Through the learner-teacher cycles, young adults challenge the effects of colonization within their day-to-day lives by learning and practicing cultural ways of being and traditional knowledge, and then transferring their knowledge to next generations and peers.
I have concluded that conflict transformation is not an effective tool in resolving protracted conflicts within an Indigenous context, particularly with reference to Indigenous peoples from CoSalish and Dididaht territories on Turtle Island. Learner-teacher cycles, a framework based on Indigenous methods of challenging colonialism through learning, teaching and practicing cultural and traditional ways of being within everyday life, is an appropriate model for young Indigenous adults to use in creating Indigenous food sovereignty.Graduate
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Dollman, William B. "Using the conceptual framework for Australia's national strategy for quality use of medicines to achieve sustained health behaviour change in a regional setting." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/44422.
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This research involved a rigorous implementation of the conceptual framework of Australia's National Strategy for Quality Use of Medicines through a planned sequence of studies across a large defined geographical region to test the hypothesis that: The National Strategy for Quality Use of Medicines can be used to design, implement and evaluate a research program to achieve sustained improvement in health care in a regional setting.
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"Reforming Federal Indian Housing Programs: The Socio-Cultural, Political, & Health Benefits of Utilizing Indigenous Epistemologies & Architecture." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.63072.
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abstract: The relationship between settler-colonial governments and Indigenous nations has been a contentious one, filled with disingenuity and fueled by the abuse of power dynamics. Specifically, colonial governments have repeatedly used power in mapping, cultural Othering, resource control, and research methodologies to assimilate, acculturate, or otherwise dominate every aspect of Indigenous lives. A relatively recent pushback from Indigenous peoples led to the slow reclamation of sovereignty, including in the United States. Revamped federal Indian programs allegedly promote tribal self-determination, yet they paradoxically serve a vast quantity of cultures through singular blanket programs that are blind to the cultural component of Indigenous identity - the centerfold of colonial aggression for centuries. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Office of Public and Indian Housing is no exception, using a Western framework to provide generic services that neither serve cultural needs nor are tailored to the specific environment traditional homes were historically and epistemologically suited for. This research analyzes the successes of new programs as well as the failures of the federal government to conduct responsible research and promote the authentic self-determination of tribes in terms of housing and urban development. It also considers the successes and failures of tribes to effectively engage in program reformation negotiation, community planning, and accountability measures to ensure their communities are served with enough culturally-appropriate, sustainable housing without mistrusting their own housing entities. Solutions for revising this service gap are proposed, adhering to a framework that centers diverse cultural values, community input, and functional design to increase each tribe’s implementation of self-determination in HUD housing programs.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis American Indian Studies 2020
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"Colonization and Madness: Involuntary Psychiatric Commitment Law and Policy Frameworks as Applied to American Indians." Doctoral diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.17836.
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abstract: This dissertation project is a legal and policy analysis of California's involuntary psychiatric commitment laws and policy as applied to American Indians (AI). Mental health-based civil commitment and conservatorships constitute some of the most severe intrusions into personal liberties and freedom outside of the criminal justice system. In the context of AI peoples and tribal Nations, however, these intrusions implicate not only individual freedoms and well-being but also larger notions of tribal sovereignty, self-determination, culture, and the dialectic relationship between individual identity and community knowledge related to definitions of health, illness and the social meaning of difference. Yet, in the context of involuntary psychiatric commitments, the law reflects a failure to understand this relationship, alternating between strategic use of the sovereignty doctrine to deny access to services or, alternatively, wholly absenting issues of sovereignty and Indigenous worldviews from legal discourse. This project explores the nuanced ways in which these issues are weaved into the fabric of mental health law and policy and how they function to codify, enact and maintain colonization for AI peoples and Nations.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Justice Studies 2013
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Lin, Chih-Chung, and 林志仲. "A Research on the Relationship between People’s Perception of Community Health Building policy and Healthy Behavior —A Case Study of Kaohusiung Indigenous Botanical Garden Community." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18242681920682525766.
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Phatlane, Stephens Ntsoakae. "Poverty, health and disease in the era of high apartheid: South Africa, 1948-1976." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2184.
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A higher infant mortality rate and shorter life expectancy, coupled with a high prevalence of a variety of diseases commonly associated with malnutrition, are usually a reflection of the social conditions of poverty in a society. By arguing that apartheid formed the basis of inequality and therefore the main underlying cause of an unacceptable burden of the diseases of poverty among black South Africans, this thesis, Poverty, Health and Disease in the Era of High Apartheid: South Africa, 1948-1976, locates these health problems within their social, economic and political context. It further argues that if health and disease are measures of the effectiveness with which human beings, using the available biological and cultural resources, adapt to their environment, then this relationship underpins the convergence of medical and cultural interests. Under the impact of modern technology and society's dependence upon it, profound cultural changes have taken place and issues of health and the etiology of disease are among the areas most affected by these changes. This thesis explains why, in a pluralistic medical setting, where only modern (scientific) medicine was recognised as legitimate medicine by the apartheid government, for the majority of black South Africans the advent of modern medicine was viewed not so much as displacing indigenous (African) medicine but as increasing the medical options available to them. It is therefore contended here that for most black South Africans, indigenous medicine has played a critical role; it has mitigated the impact of apartheid medicine. Since differences that people perceive in these two medical systems are crucial to the medical choices that they make at the onset of illness, this thesis argues that knowing and understanding the reasons for making such choices would not only have practical value for health authorities in their efforts to improve local, regional and national health service delivery, but would also contribute to a general understanding of human therapy-seeking behaviour in this age of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.History
Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (History))