Relevant bibliographies by topics / Austemperd Ductile Iron

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Austemperd Ductile Iron'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Austemperd Ductile Iron"

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Lim, Bokkyu, and Young Woo Choi. "Effect of Semi Austempering Treatment on the Fatigue Properties of Ductile Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.295.

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Single phase bainite structure which is obtained by the conventional austempering treatment reduces the ductility of ductile cast iron. Because of the reduction of ductility it is possible to worsen the fatigue properties. Therefore, semi austempered ductile iron which is treated from +ϒ is prepared to investigate the static strength and fatigue properties in comparison with fully austempered ductile iron (is treated from ϒ). In spite of semi austempered ductile iron shows the 86% increase of ductility. Also, semi austempered ductile iron shows the higher fatigue limit and lower fatigue crack growth rate as compared with fully austempered ductile iron. By the fractographical analysis, it is revealed that the ferrite obtained by semi austempering process brings about the plastic deformation(ductile striation) of crack tip and gives the prior path of crack propagation. The relatively low crack growth rate in semi austempered specimen is caused by above fractographical reasons
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Silawong, Prapaporn, Apichart Panitchagul, Sudsakorn Inthidech, Narong Akkarapattanagoon, and Usanee Kitkamthorn. "Improvement of Abrasion Wear Resistance of Ductile Iron by Two-Step Austempering." Advanced Materials Research 567 (September 2012): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.567.58.

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Abrasion wear rates of conventional and two-step austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) were investigated. Conventional austempering and two-step austempering processes were carried out at 280, 300, and 320°C. Microstructures revealed that higher austemperig temperature resulted in coarser ausferrite and higher volume fractions of blocky retained austenite. The ausferrite in two-step austempered ADI was slightly coarser comparing to the coventional ADI since the temperature was raised by 30°C during austempering. Two-body abrasion wear rates of ADIs were studied using a Suga abrasion wear tester. It was found wear rates of the two-step ADI become significantly lower than those of the conventional ADI, especially when the austempering was carried out at low temperature, i.e. 280°C. Such behavior was due to the strong influence of high carbon concentration in retained austenite eventhough the ausferrite matrix was coarser.
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Březina, R., J. Filípek, and J. Šenberger. "Application of ductile iron in the manufacture of ploughshares." Research in Agricultural Engineering 50, No. 2 (2012): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4930-rae.

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The service life and reliability of machines for basic soil cultivation is mainly affected by abrasive wear. The working tools of these machines are mostly made of steel. The paper deals with the possibility of manufacturing ploughshares and reversible points of austempered ductile iron (ADI). The authors examine the abrasion resistance of ADI working tools and compare it with that of the material applied by a leading world manufacturer of ploughshares. Using an appropriate mode of the heat treatment of ADI, abrasion resistance comparable to that of the original tools can be obtained.
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Nawrocki, P., A. Kochański, and D. Myszka. "Statistical Assessment of the Impact of Elevated Contents of Cu and Ni on the Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 4 (2016): 2147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0342.

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Abstract The article presents a statistical analysis of data collected from the observation of the production of austempered ductile iron. The impact assessment of the chemical composition, i.e. high contents of Cu and Ni on the properties of ductile iron isothermal tempered is critical to find the right chemical composition of austempered ductile iron. Based on the analyses range of the percentage of Cu and Ni which were selected in the cast iron to obtain material with high strength properties.
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Pilc, Jozef, Michal Šajgalík, Jozef Holubják, et al. "Austempered Ductile Iron Machining." Technological Engineering 12, no. 1 (2015): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teen-2015-0002.

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Abstract This article deals with the machining of cast iron. In industrial practice, Austempered Ductile Iron began to be used relatively recently. ADI is ductile iron that has gone through austempering to get improved properties, among which we can include strength, wear resistance or noise damping. This specific material is defined also by other properties, such as high elasticity, ductility and endurance against tenigue, which are the properties, that considerably make the tooling characteristic worse.
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Kochański, A., A. Krzyńska, and T. Radziszewski. "Highsilicone Austempered Ductile Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 1 (2014): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0013.

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Abstract Ductile iron casts with a higher silicone content were produced. The austempering process of high silicone ductile iron involving different austempering times was studied and the results presented. The results of metallographical observations and tensile strength tests were offered. The obtained results point to the fact that the silicone content which is considered as acceptable in the literature may in fact be exceeded. The issue is viewed as requiring further research
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Wervey, Brandon. "Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron." International Journal of Metalcasting 9, no. 1 (2015): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03355605.

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Březina, Roman, Josef Filípek, and Jaroslav Šenberger. "The abrasion of austempered cast iron in laboratory and work conditions." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 4 (2005): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553040015.

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Austempered ductile iron (ADI) is nowadays used for machine parts, which used to be made of steel. It is suitable for abrasive conditions and cast irons exhibit sufficient strength and toughness. The paper deals with the possibility of manufacturing machine parts working in soil of austempered ductile iron. The authors find out the influence of heat treatment mode of ADI on wear resistance and compare it with formed steel.
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Detwal, Sudhanshu, and Deivanathan R. "Properties investigation of austempered ductile iron." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 22, no. 1 (2016): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/137.

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This work concerns microstructural and mechanical properties of an austempered ductile cast iron (ADI). The ductile iron material was produced by the sand mould casting technique. Afterwards, austempering heat treatment was applied to the specimens at two different temperatures of 250°C and 350°C. Austempered Ductile Irons (ADIs) were produced successfully by different two-stage heat treatments, to obtain favorable microstructure and hardness. The microstructure and hardness obtained by such variable heat treatments were compared. The austempering temperature and time were found to be decisive parameters in obtaining a desired ADI microstructure.
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Abdullah, Bulan, Siti Khadijah Alias, Ahmed Jaffar, Farisol Abd Rahim, and Abdullah Ramli. "Investigating the Mechanical Properties of 0.5% Copper and 0.5% Nickel Austempered Ductile Iron with Different Austempering Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 3313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.3313.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of Ni-Cu alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron before and after austempering process. Specimens of ductile iron and 0.5% Cu-Ni ductile iron were produced through conventional CO2 sand casting method. The specimens were then austenitized at 9000C before austempered at 3500C at three different holding times which were 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours subsequently. The corrosion characteristics of newly developed material were obtained by means of polarization test and the mechanical testing involved tensile test (TS 138 EN1002-1), Rockwell hardness test and Charpy Impact test (ASTM E23). Density test as well as microstructure and SEM observations were also done to ductile iron and Cu-Ni alloyed ductile iron samples. All the testing was done to both as cast and austempered specimens. Addition of copper and Nickel was found to slightly increased the mechanical properties due to solid strengthening effect of Copper and Nickel. The results also indicated that austempering process at 1 hour gives the optimum mechanical properties in term of tensile strength and impact properties compared to other specimens. Increasing the austempering holding times to 2 hours and 3 hours, in contrast had resulted in decrement of the mechanical properties. There are however only slight improvement in hardness properties and no significant effect on density properties of the specimens.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Austemperd Ductile Iron"

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James, Jocelyn S. "The microstructural modelling of austempered ductile iron camshafts." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14359.

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Austempered ductile iron (AD!) is a material which is receiving increasing interest from the manufacturers of automotive components such as camshafts due to its superior mechanical properties, and in particular excellent wear resistance, compared with other grades of cast iron. ADI is produced from a spheroidal graphite casting using a two-stage heattreatment process. During the first stage of the heat-treatment the matrix is transformed to austenite, and then in the second austempering stage, some of the austenite is transformed to bainitic ferrite. The final microstructure is therefore complex, consisting of graphite, bainitic ferrite, austenite, carbides and possibly martensite. The major focus of this work has been to develop a novel method of predicting the effect of composition and heat-treatment parameters on the major constituents of the microstructure. This has resulted in a single model which can predict a 'microstructural map' of ADI and will assist the foundry industry in reducing lead times for component manufacture. The high temperature equilibrium between graphite and austenite was investigated using Gibbs free energy minimisation in conjunction with critically assessed thermodynamic data. Having established the carbon concentration in austenite at the start of the austempering process, the volume fraction of bainitic ferrite was established from prediction of the limiting carbon content for the diffusionless transformation. The kinetics of the bainite transformation were determined by making modifications to a model which was originally developed for low alloy steels. The predictions were compared with experimental data obtained, both during the course of this research and available in the literature, using dilatometric and X-ray diffraction techniques. The kinetics of the austenitisation were investigated through consideration of a diffusion couple between graphite and austenite. The degree of segregation and formation of primary carbides, in the original ductile iron casting, was calculated using a Scheil approach to solidification. The effect of this segregation was subsequently accounted for by making microstructural predictions on a number of individual 'shells' of material between two graphite nodules. Finally, complete microstructure predictions were compared with reported mechanical properties for a range of compositions and heat treatments of austempered ductile irons.
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Putman, Duncan Colin. "Modelling of microstructural evolution in austempered ductile iron." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36092.

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Austempered ductile iron (ADI) has a microstructure consisting mainly of high carbon austenite, bainitic ferrite and graphite nodules, produced by a two stage austenitisation and austempering heat treatment. The resulting microstructure gives these materials a combination of high strength and toughness, making them attractive for a wide range of applications. To increase surface hardness, ductile iron alloys can also be cast into chilled moulds to induce carbide formation in the required areas of components. These chilled ductile iron alloys can also be subjected to austenitisation and austempering heat treatments, therefore further improving the mechanical properties of the components core, whilst retaining the hard carbides present in the surface layers. This work encompasses three main areas: two are concerned with the production of generic microstructure models, which work in conjunction with thermodynamic modelling software MTDATA; and one relates to high temperature X-ray diffraction experiments.
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Fordyce, E. P. "The unlubricated sliding wear behaviour of austempered ductile irons." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21955.

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Bibliography: pages 85-89.<br>A study has been made of the unlubricated sliding wear behaviour of austempered ductile irons under conditions of sliding velocity and load. The load was varied between 0.9 and 2.8 MPa, whilst the sliding velocity range was between 0.5 and 2.0 ms⁻¹. Two commercial grades of spheroidal graphite irons, SG42 and SG60 were austempered between 250⁰C and 400⁰C. A distinction in the wear behaviour was found with metallic type wear dominating at the lower sliding velocities and an oxidative type wear being evident at the higher sliding velocities. It was however found that an increase in the load resulted in an earlier onset of the oxidative type wear regime, for a specific sliding velocity. On austempering these spheroidal graphite irons the mechanical properties as well as the sliding wear resistance increased dramatically. Furthermore, the austempered irons' outperformed a series of steels of much higher hardness by factors between 2 and 28 times under the same conditions. At the lower velocity of testing the outstanding wear resistance is attributed to the austempered iron's unique microstructure of acicular ferrite and retained austenite and a partial transformation of austenite to martensite. However, at the higher sliding velocity the exceptional wear resistance is derived from a development of an tribologically protective oxide film together with the formation of a hardened white layer. The development of the work hardened layer is linked to the high carbon in the matrix of these irons. The work hardened layer leads to a similar wear rate prevailing for all irons austempered from a specific parent iron. The synergism of variation in load, sliding velocity and wear counterface together with the effect of initial microstructure has been explain in terms of simple wear models.
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Zahiri, Saden H. (Saden Heshmatollah) 1966. "Prediction of the processing window and austemperability for austempered ductile iron." Monash University, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8408.

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Stokes, Ben. "Fatigue analysis of austempered ductile iron suitable for automotive camshaft applications." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288156.

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Sa, Andre Ricardo de Souza e. "Influência do alumínio nas propriedades mecânicas do ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron)." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8DQE8A.

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The ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron), a cast iron obtained after the proper heat treatment of regular sheroidal graphite iron, has been intensely studied in the last years. Silicon is the standard element added for graphitization of the alloy. In this study it was replaced by aluminium, an element know as presenting a similar chemical behavior in the alloy. Themelting procedure was the same as the used in the production of the standard ADI-Si. The aluminium content, replacing part of the silicon, were 0,75; 2,26 and 2,99% Al. The austempering temperatures were 270, 320, 370°C. The testing specimens were obtained according ASTM A 897 and regular tensile and hardness tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of the alloy with non-reacted austenite and carbide precipitation. The mechanical properties degenerated, accordingly, establishing the need of the use of a special melting procedure when dealing with this Al-bearing alloy.<br>O ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron), produzido pelo tratamento de austêmpera de um ferro fundido nodular, vem sendo desenvolvido e estudado nos últimos anos tendo o silício como elemento grafitizante e portanto, como o segundo principal elemento de liga, definidor da liga. Este trabalho, no entanto, contemplou estudar as propriedades mecânicas do ADI (L.R., L.E., dureza e alongamento) utilizando o alumínio em substituição ao silício como elemento grafitizante. Foram realizados experimentos com adições de 0,75; 2,26 e 2,99% Al. A fusão foi realizada segundo os procedimentos usuais para obtenção do ADI-Si. Os tratamentos térmicos foram feitos em três temperaturas: 270, 320, 370°C. Os corpos de prova foram obtidos segundo norma ASTM A 897. Verificou-se que o alumínio causou a deterioração progressiva da grafita, o aumento da quantidade de austenita não reagida e a precipitação de carbonetos. Consequentemente, as propriedades mecânicas, de resistência e ductilidade, se deterioraram, indicando a necessidade de cuidados especiais na fusão do material.
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Yescas-Gonzáles, Miguel Angel. "Modelling the microstructure and mechanical properties of austempered ductile irons." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/221871.

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Ozcan, Alper. "The Effect Of Sn Content And Isothermal Transformation Temperature On The Mechanical Properties Of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1055359/index.pdf.

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In this study the effects of Sn content and isothermal transformation temperature on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation and hardness of austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) was investigated. To determine the possible effect of Sn on these properties the Sn content of standard GGG30, GGG40 and GGG50 materials were taken as reference, whose chemical compositions vary from 0,016 to 0,050% in terms of Sn. However the Sn content was increased to a maximum of 0,26% for investigating the effect of Sn on mechanical properties. The test specimens were obtained from standard 1-in Y-blocks and austenitized at 925oC for 1 hour and austempered at 350oC,375oC, 400oC and 420oC for 60 minutes in a salt bath. Microstructural examination of the specimens were also done. To determine the amount of retained austenite of the specimens X-Ray analyses were used. As a result of the study The UTS increases up to 0,1% Sn and then levels off. A similar behavior is observed in the variation of hardness. Percent elongation decreases and falls to a minimum around 0,1% Sn, from this point on, a slight increase is observed. Strength and hardness increase while percent elongation decreases with decreasing temperatures.
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Goldberg, Moshe. "Machinability research into the mechanics and surface integrity characteristics of austempered ductile iron." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2002. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/621/.

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Montenegro, Davi Melo. "An analysis of the machinability of ASTM grades 2 and 3 austempered ductile iron." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2011. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1943.

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Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is a ferrous material that was first fabricated in the second half of last century, therefore a relatively new material compared to steel, which has been used for different applications by mankind for some millennia now. ADI';s mechanical properties, such as its strength-to-weight ratio, which has proven to outperform that of forged steel by up to 10%, are very suitable for structural applications, such as connecting rods, crankshafts, and heavy farm machinery among others. The main goal of this work is to perform an analysis of the machinability of two ASTM grades of ADI, namely 2 and 3. The samples used in this work were cast and austempered according to ASTM standards for the production of grade 2 (G2) and grade 3 (G3) ADI. Characterization was accomplished through tensile and hardness tests, metallography and X-ray diffraction. Machinability was evaluated by analyzing tool life, cutting forces, surface finish and chip characteristics in turning operations. A quick-stop test was also performed. Tool life when machining G2 was 33% lower than G3, although the latter is a harder material. Abrasion and adhesion were the wear mechanisms observed through SEM images, whereas in other cast irons mainly abrasion is observed. Cutting forces measurements showed that the value of Kc1,1 decreased 19%, from 1448 to 1175N/mm2, for G2 as the depth of cut increased from 2 to 5mm at a cutting speed of 80m/min and 18%, from 1501 to 1236N/mm2, for G3. Surface roughness measurements proved that a smoother surface is obtained for both alloys at f = 0.10mm/rev when using an insert with nose radius 1.6mm instead of smaller radii. Both alloys presented similar surface quality. All chips observed were segmented.
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Books on the topic "Austemperd Ductile Iron"

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Dorazil, Eduard. High strength austempered ductile cast iron. 2nd ed. Academia, 1991.

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Dorazil, E. High strength austempered ductile cast iron. Ellis Horwood, 1991.

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Grech, Maurice. Structure and mechanical properties of an austempered ductile iron alloyed with copper-nickel. University of Birmingham, 1988.

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International Conference on Austempered Ductile Iron. (2nd 1986 Ann Arbor, Mich.). 2nd International Conference on Austempered Ductile Iron: Your means to improved performance, productivity and cost, 17-19 March 1986, Rackham School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986.

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Bahmani, Majid. Kinetics, structure and mechanical properties of a Mn-Ni-Cu-Mo alloyed austempered ductile iron and its applications for crankshafts. University of Manchester, 1996.

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Balai Besar Pengembangan Industri Logam dan Mesin (Indonesia), ed. Sosialisasi hasil Litbang BBLM dalam pembuatan rocker arm dari bahan austempered ductile iron (ADI) dengan proses investment casting di sentra IKM pengecoran Ceper, Klaten. Balai Besar Pengembangan Industri Logam dan Mesin, 2001.

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High Strength Austempered Ductile Cast Iron. Ellis Horwood Ltd, 1990.

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Selected case studies of austempered ductile iron components. BCIRA, The Cast Metals Technology Centre, 1991.

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James, Jocelyn Steven. The microstructural modelling of austempered ductile iron camshafts. 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Austemperd Ductile Iron"

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Raghavendra, J. V., and K. Narasimha Murthy. "Fracture Studies of Austempered Ductile Iron." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2086-7_18.

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Lee, Seung S., and Sekyung Lee. "Nondestructive Characterization of Austempered Ductile Irons." In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84003-6_63.

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Mallia, J. M., M. Grech, and R. E. Smallman. "Transformation Kinetics of a Low Silicon Austempered Ductile Iron." In Metal Matrix Composites and Metallic Foams. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606203.ch24.

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Singh, Gurmeet, Sahil Sharma, and Dilkaran Singh. "Study of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) on Varying Austempering Temperatures." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1780-4_31.

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Yazdani, Sasan, and M. A. Rahimi. "Wear Behavior of an Austempered Ductile Iron Containing Mo-Ni-Cu." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.199.

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Serban, Florin, A. Baczmański, E. Labbe, K. Wierzbanowski, and Alain Lodini. "Effect of Graphite Inclusions on Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-969-5.73.

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Baydoǧan, Murat, Mehmet Umut Kökden, and Hüseyin Çimenoǧlu. "Abrasive Wear Behaviour of as Cast and Austempered Ductile Irons." In Steels and Materials for Power Plants. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606181.ch39.

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Eric Cekic, Olivera, Dragan Rajnovic, Leposava Sidjanin, Petar Janjatovic, and Sebastian Balos. "Dual Phase Austempered Ductile Iron - The Material Revolution and Its Engineering Applications." In Computational and Experimental Approaches in Materials Science and Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30853-7_2.

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Savangouder, Ravindra V., Jagdish C. Patra, and Cédric Bornand. "Artificial Neural Network-Based Modeling for Prediction of Hardness of Austempered Ductile Iron." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36802-9_43.

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Saidi, M. Tadayon, N. Baghersaie, and N. Varahram. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Austempered Ductile Iron." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.203.

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Conference papers on the topic "Austemperd Ductile Iron"

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Guesser, Wilson Luiz, Fabio Koda, Jairo Alberto Blanco Martinez, and Carlos Henrique da Silva. "Austempered Ductile Iron for Gears." In 21st SAE Brasil International Congress and Exhibition. SAE International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-36-0305.

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Futas, Peter, Alena Pribulova, Marcela Pokusova, Andrea Junakova, and Vladimir Sabik. "POSSIBILITIES OF AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON (ADI) PRODUCTION." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s04.056.

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ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron) - a bainitic ductile iron in which the resulting structure is obtained by the isothermal decay of austenite in the bainite region is currently a very promising material, which has a very wide application in various industries. It is characterized by a particularly favorable combination of strength and ductility, which exceeds the properties of heat-treated steels in the strength range of 800 - 1500 MPa. Its production is problematic because the ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic SGI (spheroidal graphite iron), which is a precursor in the preparation of ADI cast iron, has to meet demanding metallurgical properties, especially as many regular graphite globules evenly distributed in the matrix. The aim of this article is to present a method of metallurgical processing of SGI in such a way as to ensure the quality of the melt required for the preparation of ADI cast iron with respect to elimination of environmental impacts, i.e. inmold modification, as traditional SGI production causes exothermic reaction. work environment. Another possibility to influence the metallurgical quality of SGI cast iron is the action a magnetic field acting on the solidifying melt of SGI, which leads to improvement the metallurgical as well as mechanical properties of SGI.
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Yamakawa, Shuji, Motokazu Kobayashi, Susumu Numajiri, and Kazuhiro Nakashima. "Development of Austempered Ductile Iron Timing Gears." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/973253.

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Gundlach, Richard B., and James D. Mullins. "Improving the Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron." In SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1307.

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5

Laub, Jack R. "Transportation Takes Advantage of Austempered Ductile Iron." In Future Transportation Technology Conference & Exposition. SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/911638.

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6

Warrick, Robert J., Paul Althoff, Alan P. Druschitz, et al. "Austempered Ductile Iron Castings for Chassis Applications." In SAE 2000 World Congress. SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1290.

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7

Keough, John R., and Kathy L. Hayrynen. "Wear Properties of Austempered Ductile Irons." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-1690.

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8

Gundlach, R. B., M. Semchyshen, and E. P. Whelan. "Notch Sensitivity and Fatigue in Austempered Ductile Iron." In International Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980685.

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9

PSODA, MAREK, and JANUSZ J. BUCKI. "QUANTITATIVE PHASE ANALYSIS OF AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE CAST IRON." In Proceedings of the XIX Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702913_0040.

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10

Dhanasekaran, S., and G. Balachandran. "Microstructural Behaviour of Austempered Ductile Iron Automobile Components." In SIAT 2011. SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-26-0054.

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Reports on the topic "Austemperd Ductile Iron"

1

Balliett, Timothy D. Investigation of Cast Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) Trackshoes in T- 158 Configuration. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada262436.

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2

Hagen, K. N. The effect of manganese on the onset of the stage 2 reaction in an austempered ductile iron matrix. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6788389.

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