Journal articles: 'Auslan'

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Munro, Louise, and John Rodwell. "Validation of an Australian Sign Language Instrument of Outcome Measurement for Adults in Mental Health Settings." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670902721111.

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Objective: There are currently no adult mental health outcome measures that have been translated into Australian sign language (Auslan). Without a valid and reliable Auslan outcome measure, empirical research into the efficacy of mental health interventions for sign language users is unattainable. To address this research problem the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS), a measure of general functioning, was translated into Auslan and recorded on to digital video disk for use in clinical settings. The purpose of the present study was therefore to examine the reliability, validity and acceptability of an Auslan version of the ORS (ORS-Auslan). Method: The ORS-Auslan was administered to 44 deaf people who use Auslan as their first language and who identify as members of a deaf community (termed ‘Deaf’ people) on their first presentation to a mental health or counselling facility and to 55 Deaf people in the general community. The community sample also completed an Auslan version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: t-Tests indicated significant differences between the mean scores for the clinical and community sample. Internal consistency was acceptable given the low number of items in the ORS-Auslan. Construct validity was established by significant correlations between total scores on the DASS-21-Auslan and ORS-Auslan. Acceptability of ORS-Auslan was evident in the completion rate of 93% compared with 63% for DASS-21-Auslan. Conclusions: This is the only Auslan outcome measure available that can be used across a wide variety of mental health and clinical settings. The ORS-Auslan provides mental health clinicians with a reliable and valid, brief measure of general functioning that can significantly distinguish between clinical and non-clinical presentations for members of the Deaf community.

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Johnston, Trevor Alexander. "Clause constituents, arguments and the question of grammatical relations in Auslan (Australian Sign Language)." Studies in Language 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 941–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.18035.joh.

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Abstract This study investigates clause constructions in Auslan. It looks at the alignment of constituent semantic role with constituent position and order in clauses, changes in the morphology of signs according to position and/or role, and the interpretation of omitted arguments. The aim is to determine if there are grammatical relations in Auslan. The most frequent constituent order parallels English, thus Auslan might be said to also instantiate a basic SVO word order. However, every possible constituent order pattern is also attested without there being other coding and behavioural properties associated with grammatical relations that could explain this flexibility. I conclude that constituent order in Auslan is the result of the interaction of pragmatic and semantic factors, visual representation, and language contact with English, rather than autochthonous grammatical relations. Auslan grammar draws on both so-called gestural and so-called linguistic resources at the clause level, not just at the word (sign) level.

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Wang, Jihong. "Bilingual working memory capacity of professional Auslan / English interpreters." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 15, no. 2 (October 7, 2013): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.15.2.01wan.

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This study investigated bilingual working memory capacity (WMC) of 31 professional Auslan (Australian Sign Language)/English interpreters: 14 native signers and 17 non-native signers. Participants completed an English listening span task and then an Auslan working memory (WM) span task, each task followed by a brief interview. The native signers were similar to the non-native signers not only in English WMC, but also in Auslan WMC. There was no significant difference between WMC in English and Auslan when native and non-native signers were assessed as a single group. The study also found a moderate to strong, positive correlation between the interpreters’ English WMC and Auslan WMC, suggesting that both WM span tasks tapped into similar cognitive resources. In the interviews, interpreters said that they used multiple strategies to retain the to-be-remembered words/signs. The qualitative data also indicate that WM span tasks like these involve online retention of unrelated words/signs, whereas simultaneous interpreting requires temporary storage of meaningful and coherent concepts.

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Major, George, Jemina Napier, Lindsay Ferrara, and Trevor Johnston. "Exploring lexical gaps in Australian Sign Language for the purposes of health communication." Communication and Medicine 9, no. 1 (February 19, 2013): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.v9i1.37.

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Until recently no linguistic research had been carried out on Australian Sign Language (Auslan) with regard to its use in healthcare settings, although anecdotal information suggests that the health lexicon of Auslan is strikingly under-developed. This paper describes a study that examined health terminology from the perspective of deaf people. Based on a thematic analysis of focus group data, the paper outlines strategies that deaf Australians report using when communicating about health concepts that do not have established signs in Auslan. Participants described a variety of communicative strategies – including the use of fingerspelling, depiction and explanations – that they employ in order to circumnavigate lexical gaps when talking about health. The study provides a crucial starting point for a discussion of the implications of lexical gaps in Auslan and highlights issues of particular relevance for interpreters who take responsibility for brokering health terms and mediating health communication.

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Cornes, Andy, Meg J. Rohan, Jemina Napier, and Joseph M. Rey. "Reading the Signs: Impact of Signed Versus Written Questionnaires on the Prevalence of Psychopathology Among Deaf Adolescents∗." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 8 (August 2006): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01866.x.

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Objective: There are no empirically validated measures of psychopathology that can be easily understood by signing deaf children and little reliable data on the prevalence of psychiatric disturbance in this population. The aim was to meet this need by developing an Australian Sign Language (Auslan) version of a widely used measure (the Youth Self-Report; YSR) which could be administered in an interactive CD-ROM format, to assess its reliability, and to compare the prevalence of clinically significant psychopathology in deaf adolescents when using the Auslan questionnaire versus the standard written version. This would also allow examining the validity of written questionnaires in this population. Method: Twenty-nine male and 25 female adolescents with severe or profound hearing loss from public and private schools in the Australian States of Tasmania (n = 11) and New South Wales (n = 43) agreed to participate and completed the written and the interactive Auslan versions of the YSR. Parallel forms were completed by parents (Child Behaviour Checklist) and teachers (Teacher's Report Form). Results: The Auslan version showed comparable reliability to that reported for the standard YSR: internal consistency (α) ranging from 0.77 to 0.97 and test–retest agreement (r) from 0.49 to 0.78. The interactive Auslan version yielded a prevalence of clinically significant emotional and behavioural problems in deaf adolescents of 42.6% compared with 21.4% when using the standard English version. Prevalence for the wider Australian adolescent population (18.9%) was similar to that obtained among deaf adolescents when using the standard YSR (21.4%). However, it was higher among deaf adolescents (42.6%) when using the Auslan version (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.83–5.58). According to the Auslan version, the syndromes Withdrawn/Depressed (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 2.96–14.25), Somatic Complaints (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 2.53–9.22), Social Problems (OR = 8.3, 95% CI = 4.16–16.47) and Thought Problems (OR = 5.7, 95% CI = 2.50–12.80) were much more prevalent among deaf adolescents than in the wider adolescent population, while Attention Problems (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.39–3.17) and Rule-Breaking Behaviour (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.73–3.17) were not. Conclusions: An interactive Auslan version of the YSR is reliable, better accepted and yields higher rates of disturbance than the standard written questionnaire. Clinicians should be aware that using written instruments to assess psychopathology in deaf adolescents may produce invalid results or may underestimate the level of disturbance, particularly emotional problems.

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Wang, Jihong, and Jemina Napier. "Directionality in Signed Language Interpreting." Meta 60, no. 3 (April 5, 2016): 518–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036141ar.

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This mixed methods study investigated the effects of directionality (language direction) and age of signed language acquisition on the simultaneous interpreting performance of professional English/Auslan (Australian Sign Language) interpreters, who comprised native signers and non-native signers. Each participant interpreted presentations simultaneously from English into Auslan, and vice versa, with each task followed by a brief semi-structured interview. Unlike a similar study, results reveal no significant differences between the native signers’ English-to-Auslan simultaneous interpreting performance and their Auslan-to-English simultaneous interpreting performance, suggesting that balanced bilingual interpreters are free from the rule of directionality. Although this finding held true for the non-native signers, results indicate a need for the non-native signers to continue to enhance their signed language (L2) competence. Furthermore, although the native signers were similar to the non-native signers in overall simultaneous interpreting performance in each language direction, the native signers were significantly superior to the non-native signers in both the target text features and delivery features of English-to-Auslan simultaneous interpreting performance. These findings also suggest that the non-native signers need to further improve their signed language (L2) proficiency. Nevertheless, an analysis of the qualitative interview data reveals that the professional interpreters perceived distinct challenges that were unique to each language direction.

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Slegers, Claudia. "Signs of change." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 5.1–5.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral1005.

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This study explores contemporary attitudes to Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Since at least the 1960s, sign languages have been accepted by linguists as natural languages with all of the key ingredients common to spoken languages. However, these visual-spatial languages have historically been subject to ignorance and myth in Australia and internationally. Absorbing these views, deaf Australians have felt confused and ambivalent about Auslan. Whilst recognising the prestige of spoken and signed versions of the majority language and the low status of their own, they have been nevertheless powerfully drawn to sign language. In the past two decades, a growing awareness and acceptance of Auslan has emerged among deaf and hearing Australians alike, spurred by linguistic research, lobbying by deaf advocacy groups and other developments. These issues are explored using semi-structured interviews with deaf and hearing individuals, participant observation in the deaf community, and analysis of government and educational language policies.

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Hodge, Gabrielle, Kazuki Sekine, Adam Schembri, and Trevor Johnston. "Comparing signers and speakers: building a directly comparable corpus of Auslan and Australian English." Corpora 14, no. 1 (April 2019): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2019.0161.

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The Auslan and Australian English archive and corpus is the first bilingual, multi-modal documentation of a deaf signed language (Auslan, the language of the Australian deaf community) and its ambient spoken language (Australian English). It aims to facilitate the direct comparison of face-to-face, multi-modal talk produced by deaf signers and hearing speakers from the same city. Here, we describe the documentation of the bilingual, multi-modal archive and outline its development pathway into a directly comparable corpus of a signed language and spoken language. We differentiate it from existing bilingual corpora and offer some research questions which the resulting corpus may be best placed to answer. The Auslan and Australian English corpus has the potential to redress several significant misunderstandings in the comparison of signed and spoken languages, especially those that follow from misapplications of the paradigm that multi-modal signed languages are used and structured in ways that are parallel to the uni-modal spoken or written conventions of spoken languages.

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Slegers, Claudia. "Signs of change." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 1 (2010): 5.1–5.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.33.1.04sle.

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This study explores contemporary attitudes to Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Since at least the 1960s, sign languages have been accepted by linguists as natural languages with all of the key ingredients common to spoken languages. However, these visual-spatial languages have historically been subject to ignorance and myth in Australia and internationally. Absorbing these views, deaf Australians have felt confused and ambivalent about Auslan. Whilst recognising the prestige of spoken and signed versions of the majority language and the low status of their own, they have been nevertheless powerfully drawn to sign language. In the past two decades, a growing awareness and acceptance of Auslan has emerged among deaf and hearing Australians alike, spurred by linguistic research, lobbying by deaf advocacy groups and other developments. These issues are explored using semi-structured interviews with deaf and hearing individuals, participant observation in the deaf community, and analysis of government and educational language policies.

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Carty, Breda, Karen Bontempo, and Louise de Beuzeville. "SIGNS OF LEARNING." Momento - Diálogos em Educação 31, no. 02 (July 28, 2022): 417–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/momento.v31i02.14503.

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Australia’s education system has historically been premised on state and territory-based curricula, until the development of a national curriculum in each learning area, released in stages from 2014. This paper will discuss the curriculum development process for the Auslan curriculum in the Languages learning area, which delivered an endorsed blueprint for the formal teaching and learning of Auslan in Australian schools from 2017. Unique features of the curriculum will be outlined, such as the dual-pathways for first and second language learners of Auslan, and the different sequence entry points, specifically designed to meet the needs of deaf children in both the early primary school years, as well as those who are late learners of a first language, entering secondary school with limited spoken and/or signed language later in childhood. The paper will provide an overview of the structure and content of the curriculum and the nature of the learners, and conclude with some of the opportunities and challenges arising from this initiative, such as the ongoing lack of quality resources that exist for its day-to-day implementation in schools nation-wide.

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Willoughby, Louisa, Howard Manns, Iwasaki Shimako, and Meredith Bartlett. "Misunderstanding and Repair in Tactile Auslan." Sign Language Studies 14, no. 4 (2014): 419–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2014.0014.

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Wang, Jihong. "The relationship between working memory capacity and simultaneous interpreting performance." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 18, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.18.1.01wan.

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This experimental study investigated the relationship between signed language interpreters’ working memory capacity (WMC) and their simultaneous interpreting performance. Thirty-one professional Auslan (Australian Sign Language)/English interpreters participated: 14 native signers and 17 non-native signers. They completed simultaneous interpreting tasks from English into Auslan and vice versa, an English listening span task and an Auslan working memory span task; each interpreting task was followed by a short semi-structured interview. Quantitative results for the sample as a whole showed no significant correlations between bilingual WMC and overall simultaneous interpreting performance in either direction. The same trend was established for both the native signers and the non-native signers, considered as two separate groups. The findings thus suggest that professional signed language interpreters’ WMC as measured by complex span tasks is not closely associated with the overall quality of their simultaneous interpreting performance. Data regarding educational and professional background showed mixed patterns in relation to participants’ interpreting performance in each language direction. In the interviews, participants reported various triggers of cognitive overload in the simultaneous interpreting tasks (e.g. numbers, lists of items, a long time lag, dense information, fatigue) and mentioned their coping strategies (e.g. strategic omissions, summarization, generalization, adjusting time lag).

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Johnston, Trevor. "A corpus-based study of the role of headshaking in negation in Auslan (Australian Sign Language): Implications for signed language typology." Linguistic Typology 22, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 185–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0008.

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Abstract Signed languages have been classified typologically as being manual dominant or non-manual dominant for negation. In the former negation is conveyed primarily by manual lexical signs whereas in the latter negation is primarily conveyed by nonmanual signs. In support of this typology, the site and spread of headshaking in negated clauses was also described as linguistically constrained. Headshaking was thus said to be a formal part of negation in signed languages so it was linguistic, not gestural. This paper aims to establish the role of headshaking in negation in Auslan with reference to this typology. In this corpus-based study, I show that Auslan users almost always negate clauses using a manual negative sign. Although headshakes are found in just over half of these manually negated clauses, the position and spreading behaviour of headshakes do not appear to be linguistically constrained. I also show that signers use headshakes as the sole negating element in a clause extremely rarely. I conclude that headshaking in Auslan appears similar to headshaking in the ambient face-to-face spoken language, English. I explore the implications of these findings for the proposed typology of negation in signed languages in terms of the type of data that were used to support it, and assumptions about the relationship between gesture and signed languages that underlie it.

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McKee, Rachel, Adam Schembri, David McKee, and Trevor Johnston. "Variable “subject” presence in Australian Sign Language and New Zealand Sign Language." Language Variation and Change 23, no. 3 (October 2011): 375–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394511000123.

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AbstractThis article reports the findings of parallel studies of variable subject presence in two closely related sign language varieties, Australian Sign Language (Auslan) and New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL). The studies expand upon research in American Sign Language (ASL) (Wulf, Dudis, Bayley, & Lucas, 2002) that found subject pronouns with noninflecting verbs to be more frequently unexpressed than expressed. The ASL study reported that null subject use correlates with both social and linguistic factors, the strongest of which is referential congruence with an antecedent in a preceding clause. Findings from the Auslan and NZSL studies also indicated that chains of reference play a stronger role in subject presence than either morphological factors (e.g., verb type), or social factors of age, gender, ethnicity, and language background. Overall results are consistent with the view that this feature of syntactic variation may be better accounted for in terms of information structure than sociolinguistic effects.

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Johnston, Trevor. "The lexical database of Auslan (Australian Sign Language)." Sign Transcription and Database Storage of Sign Information 4, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2001): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.4.1-2.11joh.

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The form and content of the lexical database of Auslan (Australian Sign Language) is described and explained. The type of database utilized and its precise structure (relational or flat, the type and number of fields, the design of the data entry interface, etc.) is first described. This is followed by a detailed description of the types of information registered in the database: phonological, definitional, bilingual (English-based glossing), grammatical, and semantic. The non-gloss based representations of each sign record (graphic, video, and transcription) that are used in the lexical database are then discussed. Finally, the compatibility of the Auslan lexical database with other lexical databases is examined. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possibility of building an extensive “universal” database of signs that could centralize lexical information from scores of signed languages and facilitate cross-linguistic investigations of lexis and phonology.

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Johnston, Trevor. "The lexical database of Auslan (Australian Sign Language)." Sign Transcription and Database Storage of Sign Information 4, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2001): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.4.12.11joh.

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The form and content of the lexical database of Auslan (Australian Sign Language) is described and explained. The type of database utilized and its precise structure (relational or flat, the type and number of fields, the design of the data entry interface, etc.) is first described. This is followed by a detailed description of the types of information registered in the database: phonological, definitional, bilingual (English-based glossing), grammatical, and semantic. The non-gloss based representations of each sign record (graphic, video, and transcription) that are used in the lexical database are then discussed. Finally, the compatibility of the Auslan lexical database with other lexical databases is examined. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possibility of building an extensive “universal” database of signs that could centralize lexical information from scores of signed languages and facilitate cross-linguistic investigations of lexis and phonology.

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Willoughby, Louisa, Stephanie Linder, Kirsten Ellis, and Julie Fisher. "Errors and Feedback in the Beginner Auslan Classroom." Sign Language Studies 15, no. 3 (2015): 322–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2015.0009.

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Johnston, Trevor. "The reluctant oracle: using strategic annotations to add value to, and extract value from, a signed language corpus." Corpora 9, no. 2 (November 2014): 155–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2014.0056.

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In this paper, I discuss the ways in which multimedia annotation software is being used to transform an archive of Auslan recordings into a true machine-readable language corpus. After the basic structure of the annotation files in the Auslan corpus is described and the exercise differentiated from transcription, the glossing and annotation conventions are explained. Following this, I exemplify the searching and pattern-matching at different levels of linguistic organisation that these annotations make possible. The paper shows how, in the creation of signed language corpora, it is important to be clear about the difference between transcription and annotation. Without an awareness of this distinction – and despite time consuming and expensive processing of the video recordings – we may not be able to discern the types of patterns in our corpora that we hope to. The conventions are designed to ensure that the annotations really do enable researchers to identify regularities at different levels of linguistic organisation in the corpus and, thus, to test, or build on, existing descriptions of the language.

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de Beuzeville, Louise, Trevor Johnston, and Adam C. Schembri. "The use of space with indicating verbs in Auslan." Sign Language and Linguistics 12, no. 1 (October 30, 2009): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.12.1.03deb.

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One of the most salient and interesting aspects of the grammar of signed languages is their use of space to track referents through discourse. One way in which this has been observed is the spatial modification of lexical verbs to show semantic roles associated with the verb’s arguments. In this paper, a corpus of 50 narratives signed by native and near-native signers was annotated, coded, and analyzed to observe how often these verbs were modified spatially. The data indicate that the spatial modification of verbs in Auslan is far from obligatory, even for the marking of object/undergoer arguments. This may be evidence to support the hypothesis that spatial markings of this type are still in the process of grammaticalization.

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Napier, Jemina, Meg Rohan, and Helen Slatyer. "Perceptions of bilingual competence and preferred language direction in Auslan/English interpreters." Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice 2, no. 2 (November 4, 2007): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/japl.v2.i2.185.

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Napier, Jemina, Meg Rohan, and Helen Slatyer. "Perceptions of bilingual competence and preferred language direction in Auslan/English interpreters." Journal of Applied Linguistics 2, no. 2 (November 4, 2007): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/japl.v2i2.185.

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Napier, Jemina. "Interpreting omissions." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.6.2.02nap.

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This paper discusses findings of a study conducted on Australian Sign Language (Auslan)/English interpreters in a university lecture, with consideration given to factors that influenced the interpreters’ omissions. The hypothesis of the study was that interpreters would make recourse to omissions both consciously and unconsciously, depending on their familiarity with the discourse environment and the subject matter. Through exploration of theoretical perspectives of interpreting and discourse studies, it is argued that interpreters use omissions as linguistic strategies for coping with the discourse environment. The findings of the study present interpreters with a new perspective on omissions in interpreting, which can be applied to both signed- and spoken-language interpreting.

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Bowman-Smart, Hilary, Christopher Gyngell, Angela Morgan, and Julian Savulescu. "The moral case for sign language education." Monash Bioethics Review 37, no. 3-4 (November 23, 2019): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40592-019-00101-0.

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AbstractHere, a moral case is presented as to why sign languages such as Auslan should be made compulsory in general school curricula. Firstly, there are significant benefits that accrue to individuals from learning sign language. Secondly, sign language education is a matter of justice; the normalisation of sign language education and use would particularly benefit marginalised groups, such as those living with a communication disability. Finally, the integration of sign languages into the curricula would enable the flourishing of Deaf culture and go some way to resolving the tensions that have arisen from the promotion of oralist education facilitated by technologies such as cochlear implants. There are important reasons to further pursue policy proposals regarding the prioritisation of sign language in school curricula.

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King, Julie, and Richard Taffe. "‘How Shall We Sign That?’: Interactions Between a Profoundly Deaf Tutor and Tutee Involved in a Cross-Age Paired Reading Program." Australasian Journal of Special Education 27, no. 2 (2003): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1030011200025057.

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This paper reports on the use of a cross‐age tutoring program designed to improve the literacy skills of a profoundly deaf girl. In a novel approach to such programs, both tutor and tutee participants were profoundly deaf and used Auslan as their common mode of communication. The results of the program indicate that cross‐age peer tutoring has potential as an effective strategy for improving the literacy achievements of deaf children like the tutee participant. Analysis of the videotaped interactions between tutor and tutee over the course of the program provided unique insights into the nature of English literacy learning by profoundly deaf students. These insights point to a role for strategies like cross‐age tutoring where the particular experience of. deafness can be used to promote more effective interpretation and understanding of English for profoundly deaf literacy learners.

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Komesaroff, L. "Allegations of Unlawful Discrimination in Education: Parents Taking Their Fight for Auslan to the Courts." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enh022.

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Willoughby, Louisa, Howard Manns, Shimako Iwasaki, and Meredith Bartlett. "Are you trying to be funny? Communicating humour in deafblind conversations." Discourse Studies 21, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 584–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445619846704.

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Humour is a prevalent feature in any form of human interaction, regardless of language modality. This article explores in detail how humour is negotiated in conversations among deafblind Australians who are fluent users of tactile Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Without access to the visual or auditory cues that are normally associated with humour (e.g. smiles, laughter, eye crinkles and ‘smile voice’), there is a risk that deafblind interactants will misconstrue humorous utterances as serious, or be unsure whether their conversation partner has got the joke. In this article, we explore how humorous utterances unfold in tactile signed interactions. Drawing on Conversation Analytic principles, we outline the ad hoc and more conventionalised signals deafblind signers use to signal amusement. Looking at humour in these conversations contributes to a greater understanding of how humour is conveyed across language modalities and further support for humour’s centrality to interactional solidarity.

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Johnston, Trevor, Donovan Cresdee, Adam Schembri, and Bencie Woll. "finishvariation and grammaticalization in a signed language: How far down this well-trodden pathway is Auslan (Australian Sign Language)?" Language Variation and Change 27, no. 1 (February 20, 2015): 117–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394514000209.

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AbstractLanguage variation is often symptomatic of ongoing historical change, including grammaticalization. Signed languages lack detailed historical records and a written literature, so tracking grammaticalization in these languages is problematic. Grammaticalization can, however, also be observed synchronically through the comparison of data on variant word forms and multiword constructions in particular contexts and in different dialects and registers. In this paper, we report an investigation of language change and variation in Auslan (Australian Sign Language). Signs glossed asfinishwere tagged for function (e.g., verb, noun, adverb, auxiliary, conjunction), variation in production (number of hands used, duration, mouthing), position relative to the main verb (pre- or postmodifying), and event types of the clauses in which they appear (states, activities, achievements, accomplishments). The data suggest ongoing grammaticalization may be part of the explanation of the variation—variants correlate with different uses in different linguistic contexts, rather than social and individual factors.

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Ferrara, Lindsay, and Trevor Johnston. "Elaborating Who's What: A Study of Constructed Action and Clause Structure in Auslan (Australian Sign Language)." Australian Journal of Linguistics 34, no. 2 (April 2014): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2014.887405.

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Hunger, Barbara. "Noun/Verb Pairs in Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS)." Investigating Understudied Sign Languages - Croatian SL and Austrian SL, with comparison to American SL 9, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2006): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.9.1.06hun.

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The present work provides the evidence for a measurable distinction between members of formationally related Noun/Verb Pairs in ÖGS. Like similar investigations in other sign languages, such as American (ASL), Australian (Auslan) and British (BSL), this empirical study investigates nouns and verbs of related pairs in ÖGS from several perspectives. The primary investigation focuses on the movement component of signs, which is identified as the major differentiating factor between related nouns and verbs. The study also briefly examines nonmanual markers and the adjacent lexical categories of nouns and verbs in context. The findings are compared with the distinctions reported for other sign languages and show that ÖGS also follows the distinction model that other sign languages use for distinguishing between related nouns and verbs, in particular, distinctions in the movement components of signs. The formational difference between related ÖGS nouns and verbs is systematically shown in their duration, with verbs substantially longer in duration than their comparable nouns. It is not known whether this observed difference will generalize to the wider comparison of ÖGS unrelated verbs and nouns.

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Cornes, Andrew J., and P. Margaret Brown. "Mental Health of Australian Deaf Adolescents: An Investigation using an Auslan Version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire." Deafness & Education International 14, no. 3 (September 2012): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1557069x12y.0000000009.

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Ghari, Zohreh. "Comparative and Superlative Adjectives in Iranian Sign Language." International Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 4 (July 14, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i4.20166.

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Comparison is an inseparable part of a language. It can be performed using various constructions in both oral and signing languages. English and Persian, for instance use affixes for comparative and superlative adjectives. Sign languages such as Australian Sign Language (Auslan), New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL), American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL) employ affixes, use intensifiers and nonmanual features (by itself or along with a sign) to indicate a comparison. This research was aimed to investigate the constructions employed to make comparisons in Iranian Sign Language, Zaban Eshare Irani (ZEI). The findings indicate that, besides the aforementioned constructions used in other sign languages, excluding ‘affixes’, the main construction ZEI signers used was descriptive mode of discourse (e.g. Anker 2004), individually explaining the compared topics to clarify their preference. To a lesser extent, numbering, topicalization, and repetition were also used which mostly united together or alone in the same discourse. A similar construction was also observed for both comparative and superlative adjectives. This study opens a new window to comprehend the deaf people’s mind of thinking, and will benefit studies on language and linguistics, sign language interpreters and those that are interested.

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Crowe, Kathryn, and Sharynne McLeod. "Professionals’ Guidance About Spoken Language Multilingualism and Spoken Language Choice for Children With Hearing Loss." Australasian Journal of Special Education 40, no. 2 (May 12, 2016): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2016.3.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate factors that influence professionals’ guidance of parents of children with hearing loss regarding spoken language multilingualism and spoken language choice. Sixteen professionals who provide services to children and young people with hearing loss completed an online survey, rating the importance of a range of potential influences on the guidance they provide to parents. These participants were invited to comment on the importance of these influences. Participants included teachers of the deaf, speech-language pathologists, special education teachers, psychologists, auditory-verbal therapists, Auslan interpreters, and curriculum coordinators. All participants had experience working with multilingual families and reported that they would sometimes or always recommend multilingualism for children with hearing loss, with fewer reporting that they would sometimes recommend monolingualism. Professionals placed greater importance on factors relating to family and community considerations (e.g., family language models, communication within the family, community engagement), and less importance on organisational policy and children's characteristics. This research provides an initial insight into the factors that professionals consider when guiding parents around spoken language and spoken language multilingualism decision-making for their children with hearing loss.

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Massa, J., K. Withers, N. Leggett, R. Dirago, and S. Yoon. "Health needs analysis (HNA) of the Victorian Deaf community reveals ‘poor access to Auslan interpreters within hospitals a national concern’." Physiotherapy 101 (May 2015): e1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.046.

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de Courcy, Michèle. "Policy Challenges for Bilingual and Immersion Education in Australia: Literacy and Language Choices for Users of Aboriginal Languages, Auslan and Italian." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 8, no. 2-3 (March 15, 2005): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050508668605.

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Johnston, Trevor. "The assessment and achievement of proficiency in a native sign language within a sign bilingual program: The pilot Auslan receptive skills test." Deafness & Education International 6, no. 2 (June 2004): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146431504790560582.

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Siran, Sarah, and Shani Dettman. "Qualitative analysis of caregivers’ perspectives regarding using Auslan within a Bilingual-Bicultural (Bi-Bi) approach with their children who use cochlear implants." Deafness & Education International 20, no. 3-4 (September 12, 2018): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14643154.2018.1519965.

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Hodge, Gabrielle, and Trevor Johnston. "Points, Depictions, Gestures and Enactment: Partly Lexical and Non-Lexical Signs as Core Elements of Single Clause-Like Units in Auslan (Australian Sign Language)." Australian Journal of Linguistics 34, no. 2 (April 2014): 262–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2014.887408.

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Branson, Jan, and Don Miller. "Language and identity in the Australian deaf community." Language Planning and Language Policy in Australia 8 (January 1, 1991): 135–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.8.08bra.

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This paper examines the relationship between the Deaf1, their language, Auslan2 (Australian Sign Language), and the encompassing dominant hearing society and its culture in the context of the development of effective language policies for the Deaf, not only within the context of schooling but in the years prior to formal education and beyond the school. The paper has developed out of an initial response by AUSLAB (the Australian Sign Language Advisory Board, formed by the Australian Association of the Deaf) to the Federal Government’s Green Paper, The Language of Australia: Discussion Paper on an Australian Literacy and Language Policy for the 1990s. (Commonwealth of Australia 1990), later superseded by the White Paper, Australia’s Language: The Australian Language and Literacy Policy (Commonwealth of Australia 1991a & b).

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Weiß, Andreas, Elisabeth Springmann, and Jakob Zahler. "Engpassmanagement: Mehr als Redispatch 2.0 – Konzepte im internationalen Vergleich." BWK ENERGIE. 74, no. 9-10 (2022): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1618-193x-2022-9-10-40.

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Die Notwendigkeit einer zielgerichteten, zügigen Transformation des deutschen Energiesystems zeigt sich in diesen Tagen überdeutlich. Mit der Dezentralisierung der Energieerzeugung durch den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien wird diskutiert, wie künftig die Netz- und Systemstabilität sichergestellt wird. Großes Potenzial bietet die Einbindung kleinteiliger Erzeugungsanlagen und Verbraucher. In Deutschland wurde mit der Einführung des Redispatch 2.0 ein initialer Schritt zur Hebung dieses Potenzials gemacht. Mit einem Blick ins Ausland werden in diesem Artikel die Überlegungen zur Ausgestaltung des Einsatzes kleinteiliger Anlagen für das Engpassmanagement um alternative Ansätze ergänzt und im Hinblick auf das deutsche Energiesystem diskutiert.

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Epp, Julia, and Theresa Pfaff. "Energiezukünfte für Power-to-X-Technologien." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 28, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.28.3.41.

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In Power-to-X-Technologien (P2X) in Form von synthetischen Kraft- und Brennstoffen für die Energie- und Verkehrswende werden große Hoffnungen gesetzt, ob als Lösung für den Umgang mit der Volatilität der erneuerbaren Energien oder als Kraftstoffe für den Verkehr. Aufgrund der begrenzten Flächen- und Erzeugungspotenziale erneuerbarer Energien ist jedoch kein großflächiger Ausbau von P2X-Anlagen in Deutschland zu erwarten. Der Import von P2X-Stoffen für die künftige Energieversorgung aus dem Ausland könnte eine wichtige Strategie zur Dekarbonisierung des Energiesystems sein. Die Akzeptabilität dieser Energiezukünfte wird hinsichtlich sozialer und ökologischer Kriterien exploriert.

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Dünkel, Frieder. "Abschaffung oder Reform der Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe?" Neue Kriminalpolitik 34, no. 3 Preprint (2022): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0934-9200-2022-3-253.

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Deutschland ist in Europa das Land mit dem größten Anteil von Ersatzfreiheitsstrafen (EFS) bezogen auf die Gesamtpopulation des Strafvollzugs. Angesichts dieser in den letzten Jahren zunehmenden Fehlbelegung und Ressourcenverschwendung bei Verurteilten, die nach Auffassung der Gerichte nicht im Strafvollzug sein sollten, besteht dringender kriminalpolitischer Handlungsbedarf. Die Erfahrungen mit der Corona-Pandemie und die Handhabung der Geldstrafenvollstreckung im Ausland haben gezeigt, dass der Rechtsstaat auch ohne die EFS auskommen kann, ohne dass ein Verlust an spezial- wie generalpräventiver Effizienz zu befürchten ist. Der Beitrag fordert deshalb die Abschaffung der EFS, hilfsweise die Nichtvollstreckbarkeit von Bagatellgeldstrafen (bis zu 30 Tagessätze) im Wege der EFS. Ferner werden der Ausbau vorrangiger Alternativen zur EFS und eine Änderung des Umrechnungsschlüssels von derzeit 1 : 1 in 3 : 1 gefordert (d. h. mit einem Tag EFS werden 3 Tagessätze der Geldstrafe getilgt). Der im Juli 2022 vorgelegte RefE des BMJ bleibt enttäuschend und beschränkt sich im Grunde auf den von der vorangegangenen Großen Koalition erreichten Minimalkonsens (Beibehaltung der EFS und Umrechnungsschlüssel 2 : 1).

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Weiss, Martin. "Ausland." FinanzRundschau 101, no. 11 (June 1, 2019): 522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/fr-2019-1011109.

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Gärditz, Klaus Ferdinand. "Grundrechtliche Grenzen strategischer Ausland-Ausland-Telekommunikationsaufklärung." JuristenZeitung 75, no. 17 (2020): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/jz-2020-0247.

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Kraas, F. "Sozioökonomische und politische Umbrüche in Südostasien : Einführung zum Themenheft." Geographica Helvetica 59, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-59-2-2004.

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Abstract. Mit dem zweifachen ökonomischen Umbruch – Wirtschaftsboom seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre sowie Wirtschaftskrise seit 1997 – gehen einschneidende soziale und politische Strukturumbrüche in Südostasien einher: (1) Bei der demographischen Entwicklung sind eine deutliche Verlangsamung des Bevölkerungswachstums sowie veränderte innerstaatliche und internationale Migrationsprozesse zu beobachten. (2) Die wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen zeigen erhebliche Steigerungen von Bruttoinlandsprodukt und Einkommen, steigende Anteile des sekundären und tertiären Sektors, massiven Ausbau der Verkehrs- und Kommunikationsinfrastruktur, seit 1997 zunehmende Arbeitslosenzahlen und Entsendung von Arbeitskräften ins Ausland. (3) Soziale Folgen sind erhebliche Verbesserungen im Gesundheits- und Bildungsbereich, erhöhte Zahl der Mittelschichtangehörigen, aber auch vertiefte sozioökonomische Disparitäten. Ausgaben- und Preisveränderungen in Schlüsselbereichen sowie steigende Armut und Kriminalitätsraten. (4) Parallel finden höchst unterschiedlich verlaufende Prozesse politischer Diversifizierung statt mit engen Spielräumen für öffentliche Information und Pressefreiheit, Restrukturierung in Verwaltung und Wirtschaft sowie zunehmender Einbindung Südostasiens in multinationale Kooperationen. Sozialer Sicherheit als integralem Bestandteil marktwirtschaftlicher Ökonomien wird erst seit Einsetzen der sog. Asienkrise Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Wichtig ist, dass nötige Reformen der Verwaltungsstrukturen, Unternehmenskultur und bei der Privatisierung unrentabler Staatsunternehmen nicht frühzeitig abgewürgt werden.

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Sautner, Judith, Ingrid Andel, Bernhard Rintelen, and Burkhard F. Leeb. "A Comparison of the Modified Score for the Assessment of Chronic Rheumatoid Affections of the Hands and the Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index in Hand Osteoarthritis Patients." International Journal of Rheumatology 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/249096.

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Objectives. To compare the modified score for the assessment and quantification of chronic rheumatoid affections of the hands (M-SACRAH) with the Australian/Canadian osteoarthritis hand index (AUSCAN) in hand osteoarthritis (HOA). Both are self-administered patient questionnaires, being designed to assess functional status, stiffness, and pain in affected patients, despite some differences in format, compass and arrangement of questions.Methods. 66 HOA patients (51 females), attending the outpatient clinic, were included. Patients completed the AUSCAN (15 visual analogue scales) (VAS) and the M-SACRAH (12 VAS).Results. AUSCAN-pain amounted to a mean of 41.9 (±2.9 SEM), AUSCAN-stiffness to 53.1 (3.7) and AUSCAN function to 42.6 (3.2). M-SACRAH-function amounted to 25.4 (2.4), M-SACRAH-stiffness to 42.6 (3.0), and M-SACRAH-pain to 43.7 (3.1). The total mean M-SACRAH was 37.2 (2.4) (all ). The three respective domains of the two scores correlated significantly: pain: , stiffness: , and function: (all ). The four identical items in both scores also correlated significantly. No significant gender specific differences were observed.Conclusion. Despite a different scope of items, a significant high correlation of these two scores evaluating HOA patients could be demonstrated. We conclude that both scores are equivalently valuable for the assessment of health status in these patients.

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Schwarz, Harald. "Kindesverbringung ins Ausland." JUS-EXTRA 38, no. 418 (2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33196/jus-extra202241805001101.

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Müller, Annette. "Douglas zentralisiert Ausland." Lebensmittel Zeitung 74, no. 18 (2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2022-18-010-2.

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Hillemeyer, Judit. "Erfolg im Ausland." Lebensmittel Zeitung 73, no. 10 (2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2021-10-062-1.

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Berlin. „Berliner Luft“ heißt die Kultmarke von Schilkin. Die Lockdown-Maßnahmen zur Corona-Eindämmung sorgen für Verdruss bei dem Spirituosenmacher. Denn der Pfefferminzlikör wird gerne auf Partys und in Clubs konsumiert. Im LEH kann dieser Verlust nicht kompensiert werden.

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Schulz, Hans-Jürgen. "Aufbruch im Ausland." Lebensmittel Zeitung 73, no. 47 (2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2021-47-029.

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Die Bilanz aus mehr als 30 Jahren in europäischen Märkten fällt bei Aldi Nord bescheiden aus. Es gab wenig Licht und viel Schatten. Das soll sich jetzt ändern. Für Firmenchef Torsten Hufnagel liegt die Zukunft der Gruppe jenseits des Heimatmarkts. Hans Jürgen Schulz

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Kirchinger, Alena, and Maximilian Dachauer. "Kleinunternehmer im Ausland." UmsatzsteuerRundschau 69, no. 12 (June 1, 2020): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/ur-2020-691208.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Auslan'

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