Journal articles on the topic 'Aukarkeia and its opposites'
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1
Lorand, Ruth. "Beauty and Its Opposites." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 52, no. 4 (1994): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/432027.
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Govier, Trudy. "Hope and Its Opposites." Journal of Social Philosophy 42, no. 3 (September 2011): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9833.2011.01532.x.
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LORAND, RUTH. "Beauty and Its Opposites." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 52, no. 4 (September 1, 1994): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540_6245.jaac52.4.0399.
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LANCE, MARK, and TODD MAY. "Beyond Foundationalism and Its Opposites." American Behavioral Scientist 38, no. 7 (June 1995): 976–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764295038007004.
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Mohammad, Saif M., Bonnie J. Dorr, Graeme Hirst, and Peter D. Turney. "Computing Lexical Contrast." Computational Linguistics 39, no. 3 (September 2013): 555–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00143.
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Knowing the degree of semantic contrast between words has widespread application in natural language processing, including machine translation, information retrieval, and dialogue systems. Manually created lexicons focus on opposites, such as hot and cold. Opposites are of many kinds such as antipodals, complementaries, and gradable. Existing lexicons often do not classify opposites into the different kinds, however. They also do not explicitly list word pairs that are not opposites but yet have some degree of contrast in meaning, such as warm and cold or tropical and freezing. We propose an automatic method to identify contrasting word pairs that is based on the hypothesis that if a pair of words, A and B, are contrasting, then there is a pair of opposites, C and D, such that A and C are strongly related and B and D are strongly related. (For example, there exists the pair of opposites hot and cold such that tropical is related to hot, and freezing is related to cold.) We will call this the contrast hypothesis. We begin with a large crowdsourcing experiment to determine the amount of human agreement on the concept of oppositeness and its different kinds. In the process, we flesh out key features of different kinds of opposites. We then present an automatic and empirical measure of lexical contrast that relies on the contrast hypothesis, corpus statistics, and the structure of a Roget-like thesaurus. We show how, using four different data sets, we evaluated our approach on two different tasks, solving “most contrasting word” questions and distinguishing synonyms from opposites. The results are analyzed across four parts of speech and across five different kinds of opposites. We show that the proposed measure of lexical contrast obtains high precision and large coverage, outperforming existing methods.
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Mahdihassan, S. "Comparing Yin-Yang, the Chinese Symbol of Creation, with Ouroboros of Greek Alchemy." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 17, no. 03n04 (January 1989): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x89000164.
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The universe was early divided into Earth below and Heaven above. These, two as one, gave the idea of opposites but forming a unity. Each opposite was assumed to be powerful and so was their final unity. For creation of the universe they projected reproduction to conceive creation. Now reproduction results in the union of two opposites as male and female. Correspondingly, the Chinese believed Light and Darkness, as the ideal opposites, when united, yielded creative energy. The two opposites were further conceived as matter and energy which became dual-natured but as one. The two opposites were yin-yang and their unity was called Chhi, Yin-Yang was treated separately in Chinese cosmology which consisted of five cosmic elements. Since Chinese alchemy did reach Alexandria probably the symbol Yin-Yang, as dual-natured, responsible for creation, was transformed into a symbol called Ouroboros, It is a snake and as such a symbol of soul. Its head and anterior portion is red, being the colour of blood as soul; its tail and posterior half is dark, representing body. Ouroboros here is depicted white and black, as soul and body, the two as "one which is all". It is cosmic soul, the source of all creation. Ouroboros is normally depicted with its anterior half as black but it should be the reverse as shown here. With the name Chemeia taken to Kim-Iya, the last word would take Ouroboros to Yin-Yang.
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Weaver, Adam. "Seemingly Distant yet Deeply Connected: Tourism and Its Opposites." American Quarterly 68, no. 3 (2016): 793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.2016.0063.
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Mahdihassan, S. "A Comparative Study of Chinese Cosmology Cum-Humorology with Eight Elements." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 18, no. 03n04 (January 1990): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x9000023x.
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As agriculturist, man recognised Earth, Heat and Water as essential to plant life and projected them as cosmic elements. Pastoral man observed animals multiply due to reproduction. He realized that reproduction resulted the union of opposites as male and female. Projecting reproduction, he conceived creation, which then resulted as the union of the cosmic pair of opposites, Heaven and Earth. The Chinese conceived of creation as starting with creative energy in its latent form, as Thai-Chi, meaning the absolute existence. Later, it assumed its dynamic form called Chhi. It was dual-natured with the opposites called Yang (light) and Yin (darkness). The reproductive power was projected as creative energy called Chhi and male and female opposites were projected as the universal pair of opposites as Yang and Yin. Creative energy produced the cosmic elements which in turn produced all creation. The cosmic elements of Chinese cosmology were Wood, Fire, Water, Earth and Metal. They also included the factors of humorology when the following elements had, as contents, items belonging to humorology, Wood-contained Air, Earth....Moisture; Metal.....Dryness. By assigning dual-sense to three cosmic elements, Chinese humorology came into existence but has incorporated it in its cosmology. It is easy to equate Air = Vayu of Tridosha doctrine of India, Moisture = Kapha, Dryness = Pitta. Then with five elements of cosmology including three with dual-sense, as belonging to humorology, we have eight elements in all as cosmology-cum-humorology. It its obvious that Air, so important in the cosmologies of India and Greece, is no where explicit in Chinese cosmology. This fact emphasizes the content of Wood which is Air. Probably these eight elements have been finally expressed as Pa-Kua, 8-designs already reproduced in the article on Venus and origin of 8-designs (1987).
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Silva, Fernando. "Novalis and the problem of the original action of the I." Revista de Filosofía (Madrid) 44, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/resf.58691.
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Between 1795 and 1796 Novalis produces a vast group of fragments on Fichte’s philosophy, the posthumously entitled “Fichte-Studien”. Among the topics therein approached, one of the most important is that of the original action of the I (Urhandlung), and the possible or impossible union of the opposites which model human life and thought, feeling and reflection. The aim of this article is to inquire Novalis’ view of this problem of paramount importance for a philosophy of the I; namely, to investigate the contours of Novalis’ circular conception of the problem, and its differences regarding Fichte; to expound the dilemma of the necessity and yet impossibility of a union between opposites; and to show how the young philosopher considers this problem both in its real and in its ideal prism, thereby proposing, as a solution, a union in disunion, an (im-)possible union between opposites, which Novalis affirms as a new conception of the circular study of the I and as the foundation for a new philosophizing.
10
Churchman, C. West. "Poverty and development." Human Systems Management 17, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-1998-17103.
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Yelle, Robert. "THE REBIRTH OF MYTH?: NIETZSCHE'S ETERNAL RECURRENCE AND ITS ROMANTIC ANTECEDENTS." Numen 47, no. 2 (2000): 175–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852700511496.
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AbstractThere is increasing evidence of the influence of various Romantic thinkers on Nietzsche's early philosophy, especially on The Birth of Tragedy, with its announcement or prediction of a rebirth of myth. The prophetic Thus Spoke Zarathustra, which Nietzsche introduced with the words "tragedy begins," expresses his later philosophy, particularly his central doctrine of the Eternal Recurrence, in symbols, parables, and riddles, suggesting an attempt at mythopoeia. However, the critical, ironic, and parodying elements in Nietzsche's later philosophy have led to its characterization as "antimyth." This essay demonstrates that Nietzsche's idea and symbolism of the Eternal Recurrence as a temporal cycle of opposites represented by various forms of the circle, especially the ouroborus or serpent biting its own tail, and associated with Zoroaster, Heraclitus, and Dionysus, was influenced by the tradition of Romantic mythology. Before the publication of The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche encountered the writings of Johann Jakob Bachofen and Friedrich Creuzer, where the cycle of opposites is identified as a specifically mythic idea, which developed later into a philosophy, as metonymically represented in the relationship between the myth-maker Zoroaster and the philosopher Heraclitus. In The Birth of Tragedy, the cycle of opposites became for Nietzsche a symbol of the unity of myth and philosophy, and the rebirth of the former from the self-overcoming of the latter. This symbol continued to serve Nietzsche throughout his career as a model for his own development as a philosopher. The Eternal Recurrence appears to have been his own attempt to unite myth and philosophy, through the transformation of an originally Romantic mythological idea into its opposite, and the adoption of a symbolic and "mythic" style of expression.
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Murzin, Yuriy. "Enantiosemy: Unity or Struggle of Opposites?" Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2018-3-59-63.
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The phenomenon of enantiosemy is due to the semantic evolution of the word has resulted in the formation of an opposite meaning to the main meaning of the same. Are key elements of this process, the dualism of human thinking, the asymmetry of the linguistic sign, the meaning diffuse the root of the etymon and the inversion of the relation subject-object, among others. Sometimes, as a result of the diachronic variation of the nuclear meaning the word lose in a certain period of time its original meaning which recur with time in some phrases or syntactical constructions which form the word.The lexical-semantic variants of a word count with nuclear common semes. Are opposed to them generally non-nuclear semes. The meaning of the enantiosemic word only you can reveal it from the context. The opposite meanings present a case of polysemy and form a single whole. The concepts that these words are complemented to designate objects, processes or phenomena, simultaneous or consecutive inextricably linked to each other.In the present work, we analyze cases of nominative, grammatical and conversive enantiosemy of some nouns, pronouns, adverbs and verbs. The study was carried out on the basis of lexicographical, literary and journalistic examples.
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Castro Hidalgo, María De los Ángeles. "Confronting opposites optimistically with Dylan Thomas." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 25, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v25i1.20522.
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La oscuridad es una de las características de la poesía de Dylan Thomas. Para 1934, sus versos ya se habían tornado "impenetrables para el lector común" (Ferris 1977:. 105). La oscuridad se abre paso en su mundo poético siguiendo un "modelo parabólico que alcanza su punto de máxima opacidad entre 1936 y 1938" (Moynihan 1966: 63). El siguiente análisis ejemplifica la difícil experiencia de escritores y lectores a través de la oscuridad por medio de opuestos como vida y muerte, justicia e injusticia, apatía y amor. Asumir el reto de esta experiencia es provechoso. La oscuridad en el caso de Thomas se vuelve "un signo formal de lucha, y la lucha era, a su vez, una metáfora de la vida" (Moynihan 1966: 53). Así pues, la coexistencia y confrontación de los opuestos desplegados en los tres poemas elegidos para este artículo pueden guiar al lector indudablemente a ver la vida, en su totalidad, desde un punto de vista más optimista. Obscurity is one well-known characteristic of Dylan Thornass poetry. By 1934, his verse had already become "impenetrable to the ordinary reader" (Ferris 1977: 105). Obscurity made its way into his poetic world following a "parabolic pattern with the height of the opacity occurring du-rng the years 1936-1938" (Moynihan 1966: 63). And the following analysis exemplifies the writer's and the reader's struggling experience through obscurity between constrasting phenomena such as life and death, justice and injustice, apathy and love. But undertaking this challenge is promising. Obscurity in Thomas' case became "a formal sign of struggle, and struggle was, in turn, a metaphor for life" (Moynihan 1966: 53). Thus, the coexistence and confrontation of opposites as displayed by him in the three poems chosen for this article can certainly lead the reader to view life, as a whole, from a more optimistic angle.
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Rosenak, Avinoam, and Sharon Leshem Zinger. "Narrativism and the Unity of Opposites: Theory, Practice, and Exegesis: A Study of Three Stories from the Talmud." Religions 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2019): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10060367.
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In this article, we pursue a double mission: First, we will demonstrate the unique nature of dynamic group facilitation as it emerges from the concept of the unity of opposites and its relation to situations of conflict, as well as the pedagogical challenges that teachers face in the classroom. This approach underlines the value of a more dialogical and dynamic understanding of the intricate networks of relationships that take place between students and with a teacher at any given moment in a classroom situation. Second, we will examine three Talmudic midrashim that focus on conflict and reconciliation through the lens of facilitation, while casting light on the theology behind the facilitation method and its hermeneutic power. Again, this approach to the interpretation of these texts allows them to emerge as valuable not only to the learning process, but also to the dynamics of interaction that saturate the learning situation. To this end, we will highlight the links and differences between two styles of facilitation—the narrative and the unity of opposites. These links and differences will help us illuminate the similarities and differences between the facilitation processes they employ. Because (1) the notion of exegesis is strongly embedded in narrative theory; (2) theology has deep roots in the concept of the unity of opposites; and (3) both styles address conflict and its resolution, in the second part of this article, we take the insights of the narrative and unity of opposites approaches and juxtapose them as hermeneutic tools for reading three related Talmudic midrashim that focus on conflict and reconciliation. In this way, we hope to exemplify how the different approaches can be applied to the design of the different facilitation styles, both in conflict dialogue groups and as a lens through which we can read these seminal tales that have shaped consciousness, identity, and the attitude towards the culture of debate in Judaism.
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Dourley, John P. "Jacob Boehme and Paul Tillich on Trinity and God: Similarities and Differences." Religious Studies 31, no. 4 (December 1995): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500023854.
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Paul Tillich borrows central motifs in his trinitarian theology from Jacob Boehme, the seventeenth-century German mystic. Tillich draws a picture of divine life as embroiled in a conflict of opposites between the abyss and the light of the Logos. Boehme also depicted divine life as engaged in inner turmoil. But, unlike Tillich, Boehme's experience and imagery suggest that the eternal divine self-contradiction could only be solved in human consciousness and history. The paper suggests that trinitarian thinkers such as Tillich cannot give to creation and its processes the same seriousness as does Boehme who implicates humanity in the redemption of divinity through the task imposed on it as the sole locus in which the divine opposites can be differentiated and consciously integrated.
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Farah, Ilijas, and Ilan Hirshberg. "Simple nuclear C*-algebras not isomorphic to their opposites." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 24 (May 30, 2017): 6244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619936114.
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We show that it is consistent with Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC) that there is a simple nuclear nonseparable C∗-algebra, which is not isomorphic to its opposite algebra. We can furthermore guarantee that this example is an inductive limit of unital copies of the Cuntz algebra O2 or of the canonical anticommutation relations (CAR) algebra.
17
Mazzara, Giuseppe. "Plato and Antisthenes in the Phaedo: A Reflexive Reading. Part One." Peitho. Examina Antiqua 10, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 13–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pea.2019.1.1.
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The purpose of this study is not so much to show the presence of Antisthenes in the dialogue, but rather to examine what Plato alludes to. The controversy over ideas between the two Socratics is historically very well-attested, as can already be seen in the Cratylus. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that this controversy must have affected Plato when he was writing a dialogue in which the importance of ideas and his new logic is undeniable. Hence, this paper will investigate the following question: what impact could Antisthenes’ denominative and definitory logic have on the equally denominative and definitory logic presented in the Phaedo given that the latter work in all probability preceded the Sathōn? In light of what is said in the dialogue, the answer focuses primarily on what would not be said. Thus, this study has been divided into two parts: Part one shows how the so-called “second navigation” emerges as an objection to the insufficiency of the responses given by the physiologists. Tellingly, certain “common opinions” are regarded as perplexing and individuals holding them are referred to with the indeterminate tis, which – as is argued – must have included Antisthenes. Indeed, Tht. 108c7–8 reports the latter to have made common opinions a cornerstone of his denominative logic. Part two, on the other hand, is devoted to examining the so-called “final argument.” Here, Antisthenes’ presence seems somewhat more nuanced given his incomplete knowledge of the new logic of irreversible opposites which was worked out by Plato for the purpose of demonstrating the immortality and indestructibility of the soul. On the other hand, Antisthenes is likely to have prompted Plato to specify the relationship between ideas and things in the definitory logic, since the proponent of the theory of oikeios logos refused to distinguish between the substance and its attributes, the differences and its opposites as well as the opposites of opposites.
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Huang, Philip C. C. "In Search of a Long-Term Development Path for China: Starting from Differences between Assigning Responsibility and Contracting." Rural China 16, no. 2 (October 7, 2019): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-01602001.
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The “third sphere” born of the interacting of a market economy with a centralized state, and of a system of market contracting 合同 with administrative “assigning responsibility” 发包/承包, has become a key characteristic of the new political-economic system of Reform China. It has imported the private enterprise market economy of the modern West, but has also retained the (revolutionary) tradition of a socialist party-state and its ownership of the principal means of production. Its administrative system resembles more and more the modern West’s (Weberian) bureaucratic system, but it has also retained the traditional imperial Chinese “centralized minimalism” and “parcelized despotism” characteristics. It cannot be grasped by the either/or dualistic opposites mode of thinking, but can only be understood in terms of the combining and interacting of dualistic opposites. The combination may be understood as one concrete and substantive meaning of the officialized term of a “socialist market economy.”
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Dynel, Marta. "On untruthfulness, its adversaries and strange bedfellows." New Theoretical Insights into Untruthfulness 23, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.23.1.01dyn.
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This introductory paper aims to demystify the concept of untruthfulness. Drawing on the scholarship on deception, the author reports on a distinction between the (objective) truth and (subjective) truthfulness, as well as their respective opposites: falsehood and untruthfulness. An attempt is made to discriminate between truthfulness and sincerity, to notions which capture similar phenomena but have originated in distinct scholarly traditions. Further, the author depicts untruthfulness as an internally diversified construct and teases out its main subtypes. Some light is shed on overt untruthfulness and covert untruthfulness, as approached in philosophical, cognitive and pragmatic literature. The paper closes with a description of the scope of the present Special Issue entitled “New theoretical insights into untruthfulness”.
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Kovyazina, Yelena. "Complex Metaphor and/or Metonymy Structures as Verbal Representatives of Futurological Opposite Concepts." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2(58) (July 3, 2022): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2022-58-2-82-94.
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The article touches upon the problem of participation of metaphor and/or metonymy-based complex structures in verbal representation of futurological opposite concepts. The study is based on the material of the works by A. Toffler, A. Peccei and K. Schwab. The opposites are defined as concepts with antagonistic
semantic components identified in the structures of their meanings. Definition analysis shows the presence of opposite semantic components in the definitions of the opposite concepts «man / nature», «power / powershift» and «blocking /
reset» which enables us to perceive their nature as antagonistic.
The study findings demonstrate that such complex structures as metaphtonymy, metonymy chains and extended metaphors take part in verbalization of
the opposites. For instance, the concept «power» is verbalized through metonymic chain which forms the image of the power of the past. The concept «powershift» acquires verbal representation via metaphtonymies which objectify the shifting and transforming power of the future. In the opposition of «man / nature»
the concept «nature» is verbalized via metaphtonymy as an engineer, and the con-
cept «man» as the destroyer of the old and the designer of a new world.
Extended metaphors embody the concept «blocking» as narrow focused
thinking and its opposite «reset» as interdependence. The opposite concept containing semantic component «statics» representing the past and the one with the «dynamics» refers to the future as futurology postulates the primacy of change
and transformation for the progression of the future. One of the opposites tends to have more conceptualizations through complex structures than the other, and
this very member refers to the future. In spite of the fact that all the complex structures take part in the embodiment of opposites, metaphtonymy proves to be the most productive and fruitful.
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Malov, Yuri S., and Igor M. Borisov. "Norm and human health." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma70958.
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The concept of norms is common to biology and medicine. It represents the essence of any phenomenon. In medicine, human health is expressed through the category of norm. The basis of the construction of the norm (normology) should be based on the principle of correspondence of morphofunctional properties of the organism to the environment, and not their nature. And then indicators that reflect the stability of a living non-equilibrium system or the state of an adapted organism will characterize (normal) human health. The norm is always stable, otherwise it will not be the norm. The science of human health developed through analysis the decomposition of a complex whole into simple parts. In this case, the object disappeared as a whole, as a system with all its inherent features. The norm was derived from the fitness, balance of the body with the environment. Recently, it has become possible to consider a person as a system that is determined by the relationship of the whole and its parts (the golden ratio). In biology, the golden ratio manifests itself in many ways, from the structure of polypeptides to the human body. The study of a living organism as a system allowed us to establish the harmonic essence of its structure. The idea of the harmony of the world of systems is connected with the relations of "opposites" within the object. The "golden opposites" of healthy people are a kind of norm reference. What brings "opposites" to unity is harmony. Harmony is closely related to the golden ratio. Golden harmony is the basis of human health. Mathematical expression of harmony, symmetry a method of assessing (norm) human health. Deviations from the "golden" relations can be used in medicine as indicators (criteria) for the diagnosis of pathological disorders.
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Goldin, Owen. "The Pythagorean Table of Opposites, Symbolic Classification, and Aristotle." Science in Context 28, no. 2 (May 21, 2015): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889715000046.
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ArgumentAt Metaphysics A 5 986a22-b2, Aristotle refers to a Pythagorean table, with two columns of paired opposites. I argue that 1) although Burkert and Zhmud have argued otherwise, there is sufficient textual evidence to indicate that the table, or one much like it, is indeed of Pythagorean origin; 2) research in structural anthropology indicates that the tables are a formalization of arrays of “symbolic classification” which express a pre-scientific world view with social and ethical implications, according to which the presence of a principle on one column of the table will carry with it another principle within the same column; 3) a close analysis of Aristotle's arguments shows that he thought that the table expresses real causal relationships; and 4) Aristotle faults the table of opposites with positing its principles as having universal application and with not distinguishing between those principles that are causally prior and those that are posterior. Aristotle's account of scientific explanation and his own explanations that he developed in accordance with this account are in part the result of his critical encounter with this prescientific Pythagorean table.
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Vieira, Celso. "Um modelo para a mudança em Heráclito." CODEX – Revista de Estudos Clássicos 2, no. 2 (December 5, 2010): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.25187/codex.v2i2.2814.
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<div class="page" title="Page 118"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Da união representada em B60 por um mesmo caminho que vai para cima e para baixo retira-se um modelo para a mudança em Heráclito. Seus componentes seriam dois opostos, A e B, e um mesmo substrato que os une, AB ou BA. Tratar-se-ia portanto de uma mudança recíproca (de A para B e de B para A) que serviria de prova para a união dos opostos (A e B). As condições para seu funcionamento dependem da interação entre seus componentes. A união no substrato é condição de existência para os opostos. No entanto ela não pode unificá-los em um todo homogêneo pois impossibilitaria a mudança da qual depende. A aplicação desse modelo aos casos particulares apresentados em outros fragmentos permite compreender melhor a interação entre os tipos de mudança, sucessiva ou simultânea, e os tipos de opostos, com existência real ou aparente. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><span>The unity of the way up and down presented in B60 would be a model of change in Heraclitus. Its components are two opposites, A and B, and an unifying substratum AB or BA. They would represent a reciprocal change (from A to B, then from B to A) serving as a proof of the opposites' union. The conditions of such a change would rest on the interaction between the components. The opposites' existence depends on their unifying substratum, but their unification cannot result in an homogeneous whole, for it would make the change impossible. The application of such a model to particular cases presented over the fragments allow a better comprehension of the types of change and the types of opposites presented in Heraclitus' fragments. </span></p><p><span><strong>Keywords:</strong> Heraclitus, change, opposites, union, ontology </span></p></div></div></div><p><span><br /></span></p></div></div></div>
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Innerarity, Daniel. "Tras la postmodernidad." Anuario Filosófico 27, no. 3 (October 4, 2018): 949–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/009.27.29842.
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If we understand modernity as the construction of a distinction –i.e. subjectivity vs. objectivity– postmodernity can be considered the abolition of that distinction, after the experience of its apories. In this paper the interest points towards a non disjunctive direction, towards a kind of thought that may embrace both ambigüity and the relative indiscernibility of the opposites.
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Mazzara, Giuseppe. "Plato and Antisthenes in the Phaedo: A Reflexive Reading. Part Two." Peitho. Examina Antiqua 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 33–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pea.2020.1.2.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is not so much to show the presence of Antisthenes in the dialogue, but rather to examine that to which Plato alludes. The controversy over ideas between the two Socratics is historically very well-attested, as can already be seen in the Cratylus. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that this controversy must have affected Plato when he was writing the Phaedo: a dialogue in which the importance of ideas and his new logic is undeniable. Hence, this paper will investigate the following question: what impact could Antisthenes’ denominative and definitory logic have on the equally denominative and definitory logic presented in the Phaedo, given that the latter work in all probability preceded the Sathōn? In light of what is said in the dialogue, the answer focuses primarily on what would not be said. Thus, this study is divided into two parts: Part one shows how the so-called “second navigation” emerges as an objection to the insufficiency of the responses given by the physiologists. Tellingly, certain “common opinions” are regarded as perplexing and individuals holding them are referred to with the indeterminate tis, which – as is argued – must have included Antisthenes. Indeed, Tht. 108c7–8 reports the latter to have made common opinions a cornerstone of his denominative logic. Part two, on the other hand, is devoted to examining the so-called “final argument.” Here, Antisthenes’ presence seems somewhat more nuanced, given his incomplete knowledge of the new logic of irreversible opposites which was worked out by Plato for the purpose of demonstrating the immortality and indestructibility of the soul. On the other hand, Antisthenes is likely to have prompted Plato to specify the relationship between ideas and things in the definitory logic, since the proponent of the theory of oikeios logos refused to distinguish between the substance and its attributes, the differences and their opposites, and the opposites of opposites.
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Sukhova, N. I. "The Legal Regulation in the Context of the Paired Operation of the Law and Opposition to its Implementation." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 8 (September 4, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.129.8.011-020.
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Legal reality examination reveals contradictions and uncertainties that make the researcher think about the correctness of the tasks and tools of doctrinal cognition. In modern science, a wide range of means of cognition have been developed, which makes it possible to overcome such situations and achieve the expected outcomes. One of the jurisprudence methodological resources includes the logical form of paired categories. This method is used to reveal the interaction between non-polar elements in any phenomenon, to form the most complete model of the process or mechanism functioning, etc. In the paper, the author proposes to examine the process of legal regulation through the linkage of the concepts "action of the law — opposition to the implementation of the law." The phenomena under consideration possess not only the distinctive properties, but also the properties that conciliate them. This made it possible to consider the interaction between the operation of the law and the counteraction to it within the framework of legal regulation. On the basis of the algorithm of categories pairing, the study concludes that the action of the law and the opposition to it are subordinate to the law of the unity and struggle of opposites. The development of the unity of the opposites under consideration is taking place in the course of legal regulation representing a contradiction expressed in two mutually exclusive statements: "legal regulation is determined by the operation of the law," "legal regulation is determined by opposition to the law."
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Zelenkov, Mikhail Yuryevich, Sergey Zinkovsky, Alexei Valerivitch Altoukhov, Olga Mukhametshevna Dudina, and Alexander Nikolaev. "The duplex structure of modern political extremism." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202171952p.649-656.
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The article focuses on the identification of common grounds in the system of political extremism and making a distinction between the goals pursued by its left- and right-wing directions. The main results: detection of the wide and narrow approaches to the interpretation of the definition of political extremism, synthesis of its universal features, authorial understanding of the category of political extremism, and identification of the unity and struggle of opposites in the essence of political extremism.
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Coelho Sanches, Aline, and Amanda Basso Morelli. "A work of architecture and its critical reception: Casa de Vidro (1952-2014)." TERRITORIO, no. 98 (March 2022): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2021-098019.
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This article proposes a reflection on the critical reception of the Casa de Vidro, a Lina Bo Bardi's work, which was where she and Pietro Maria Bardi lived, and which is today home to the Bardi Institute. The contents use methods of historical research, focused on secondary sources, cross-referencing them with unpublished primary sources. It maps, describes, and analyses the critical reception of the project between 1952 and 2014, identifying the periods of greatest interest in the project, and the main values mobilized then. The text concludes with the control exercised by the couple over part of that critical reception, as well as the importance given to the aspects of hybridization and conciliation of opposites as of the 1990s.
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Steenburg, David. "A Response to John D. Eigenauer." Harvard Theological Review 86, no. 4 (October 1993): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000030674.
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John D. Eigenauer's article elucidates chaos theory and its implications well. Four problems, however, lead to a basic misunderstanding of my original article. First, he tends to construe my use of “random” in its strongest sense. Second, he does so because he sees my discussion as simply extending a nebulous and metaphoric integration of chaos and order to a variety of dialectical opposites. Third, this interpretation misses the crux of my argument for the reconciliation of reductionism and humanism. Finally, he interprets my theological conclusion as an argument for creation that “commands” worship.
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Nincic, Miroslav. "The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Politics of Opposites." World Politics 40, no. 4 (July 1988): 452–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010314.
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The notion that the attitudes of the American public vis-a-vis the Soviet Union are driven essentially by emotion, and that they are more extreme and volatile than those of the government itself, is widely believed but may not be valid. While the public typically desires a combination of tough and conciliatory policies, it also tends to express, at any given moment, particular concern about whichever of the two it feels is most slighted in U.S. policy. Thus, the public will tend to seek conciliatory behavior from hawkish administrations while preferring a tough stance from administrations it deems dovish. By so doing, the public is likely to have a moderating effect on official behavior toward Moscow. The proposition is tested with reference to shifts in public approval of presidential Soviet policy, and certain implications are suggested for the manner in which political leadership perceives of its mandate.
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Królikiewicz, Natalia. "Художественный концепт „венчание” в повести И.А. Бунина „Деревня”." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia, no. 41 (June 20, 2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2016.41.12.
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To understand the semantic content of the creative concept of ‘’the sacrament of matrimony’’ in Ivan Bunin’s novel The Village, it is necessary to focus on revealing the semantic components of ‘’culture coagulate’’ (a term by J. Stepanov) and its artistic realization on various levels of the text. This analysis allows the author to indicate that opposites (such as death and birth, wedding and funeral, tragedy and farce) are united in a way that is typical for Bunin.
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Kroes, Rob. "Present-Day Mass Tourism: its Imaginaries and Nightmare Scenarios." Society 57, no. 4 (July 19, 2020): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12115-020-00499-y.
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Abstract Present-day mass tourism uncannily resembles an auto-immune disease. Yet, self-destructive as it may be, it is also self-regenerating, changing its appearance and purpose. They are two modes that stand in contrast to each other. We can see them as opposites that delimit a conceptual dimension ordering varieties of present-day mass tourism. The first pole calls forth tourism as a force leaving ruin and destruction in its wake or at best a sense of nostalgia for what has been lost, the other sees tourism as a force endlessly resuscitating and re-inventing itself. This paper article highlights both sides of the story. These times of the Covid-19 pandemic, with large swathes of public life emptied by social lock-down, remind us of a second, cross-cutting conceptual dimension, ranging from public space brimming with human life to its post-apocalyptic opposite eerily empty and silent. The final part of my argument will touch on imagined evocations of precisely such dystopian landscapes.
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Van Wyk, Rene, and Mandla Adonis. "The Prediction Of Flexibility And Its Relationship With Work Variables." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 29, no. 6 (October 29, 2013): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v29i6.8202.
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The adaption of flexible practices is a necessity for businesses to be able to survive in a global competitive environment in support of entrepreneurial and market intelligence. This study explores the prediction of formal flexible practices compared with inflexible authoritarian business practices in a South African sample of 333 managers and supervisors. A Pearson Product-Moment Correlation between flexible and inflexible practices with corporate entrepreneurship, market orientation and job satisfaction revealed almost direct opposites of the coin. Extrinsic job satisfaction, management support and risk acceptance explained most of the variance in the prediction of both formal flexibility and inflexible authoritarianism by means of Hierarchical Multiple Regression. Management should be vigilant of the opposing relationships of flexible and inflexible work practices in business. Organizations should explore methods to adapt formal flexible practices supported by entrepreneurial and marketing orientations, as well as extrinsic job satisfaction. Management must particularly guard against inflexible authoritarianism and its adverse effects.
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Jaulin, Annick. "La substance chez Aristote: forme, matière et privation." Chôra 18 (2020): 137–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chora2020/202118/197.
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In Aristotle, substance, being specified in Z17 as cause and principle, is to be understood according to the analogical theory of principles and causes, namely form, matter and privation. These three causes involve potentiality and actuality, since form, privation, and the compound substance are in actuality, while matter is in potentiality. ≪What a substance is≫ depends on the connection between these three principles. In order to grasp the meaning of this connection, one has to put the analogical theory of principles back in its context, where previous theories on contraries (Plato’s theory included) are amended.The amendment of previous theories of principles relies on positing a third term, matter, between both opposites, i.e. form and privation. The implied distinction between matter and privation allows an understanding of generation which makes it compatible with substance. While generation removes privation, substance as form gives shape to matter, final matter and shape being identical to one another. Predication of matter by form supplies a relevant pattern for considering the relationship between matter, form and privation. At the same time, predication of matter by form provides both a renovated theory of opposites and a new theory of form as a cause, i.e. a theory of form as actuality.
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Veraksa, N. E. "Dialectical Thinking: Logics and Psychology." Cultural-Historical Psychology 15, no. 3 (2019): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2019150301.
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The article is devoted to the relation of logic and psychology of dialectical thinking. It provides three lines of understanding of dialectical thinking: dialectical thinking as a form of developing content, based on the resolution of oppositions; dialectical thinking as postformal stage of intelligence; dialectical thinking as a form of operating relationships of the opposites. Each approach has its own applications to the organization of educational practice. The first approach is presented by the works of E.V. Il'enkov, B.M. Kedrov, P.V. Kopnin and other authors. On a meaningful understanding of dialectics V.V. Davydov developed his methodology of developmental learning. The second approach in the study of dialectical thinking was largely shaped by J.Piaget’s operational concept of the intellect. K. Riegel argued that the development of thinking cannot stop at the stage of formal operations. Later on, the subject develops a more complex form of cognition — dialectical thinking. Representatives of the postformal understanding of dialectical thinking apply it in trainings for the development of professional thinking in adult subjects as well as in psychotherapy. In Russian psychology it has been shown that dialectical thinking acts as the individual’s independent ability to operate with opposites that can be developed starting from preschool age.
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McKenzie, John S. "‘You Don't Know How Lucky you are to be Here!’: Reflections on Covert Practices in an Overt Participant Observation Study." Sociological Research Online 14, no. 2 (March 2009): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1925.
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There has been a tendency in sociology to see covert and overt roles of social researchers in participant observation studies as opposites. This is both in terms of the researcher role and the surrounding ethics, with the overt researcher role being seen as fundamentally more ethical than the covert participant observer. However, Calvey (2008) alleged that covert practices often remain unreported in overt accounts. The purpose of this paper is therefore to address this issue through reflections on my own research experience. Drawing on my research with the contemporary spiritual milieu in Scotland, I will argue that the covert and overt roles are far from opposites and should be seen as part of a continuum. The moral high ground attributed to overt research is often questionable and most overt studies will employ covert practices. It will therefore be argued that decisions regarding the role of the participant observer should be grounded in the intellectual contemplation of specific research situations, including ethical considerations, rather than condemning sound social enquiry on the misguided basis that overt research is always superior to covert studies because of its ethical standards. In conclusion it will be argued that all researchers have a responsibility to reflect honestly upon their research experience as part of wider reflexive turn in social research.
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Pudovochkin, Y. E., and M. M. Babayev. "The Need to Update the Research Methodology in Criminal Law Science." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 14–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/2686-9241.2020.4.14-43.
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Introduction. The current state of criminal-political theory requires not only a substantive, but also a methodological renewal. This is both through the active creation of new methods and research directions, and also by utilization of already well established methodological principles. One of these principles, is the principle of unity and the struggle of opposites, which taken together constitute the core of dialectical methodology. This to some extent discredited in the history of Russian science, but its potential has not been fully revealed. Deprived of ideological flair, the study of criminal policy from the point of view of analysing its constituent contradictions is a new and promising area of research in the sphere of domestic legal science. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out using the tradition of dialectical understanding of the content and essence of any social phenomenon. This is by a methodology where its state at each specific moment of time is determined by the content and ratio of the opposites that form this phenomenon. From these positions, the current practice of the implementation of criminal policy and its assessment in modern literature are the subject of research. Results. In the analysis of the system of contradictions in criminal policy, it is promising to single for future independent research, two areas. The first is contradictions in the development and contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy. The second is the representation of the relationship between the opposite characteristics of the functioning of criminal policy at a given moment in time. This develops within a certain interval of policy development and manifests itself as a type of tendency. They can both be presented in the form of several groups that reveal the dialectic of the ideal and the material, the structure and functions of the system, the forthcomingly due and the current existing. Discussion and Conclusion. It is fundamentally important to distinguish between contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy and the subjective assessment of criminal policy itself as contradictory. If the subjective assessment is largely dictated by the ideological position of the observer, then the objective contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy are characterised by the eternal coexistence of opposites and their indestructibility. This presupposes their resolution in the context of the multi-vector development of society on a democratic basis by reaching agreement, and in some cases a compromise. The resolution of contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy should be subordinated not so much to the goal of optimising lawmaking or law enforcement activities, but rather to the goal of minimising crime and protecting constitutional values from criminal threats.
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Glaz, Adam. "Limiting the Arbitrary: Linguistic Naturalism and its Opposites in Plato's Cratylus and Modern Theories of Language (review)." Language 78, no. 3 (2002): 601–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2002.0157.
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Kaplan, Kyle C. "Waiting for Someone to Argue With." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 135, no. 5 (October 2020): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2020.135.5.1009.
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While thumbing through Susan Sontag's copy of Theodor W. Adorno'sminima moralia, I found the stirrings of an argument. Sontag responded to Adorno's twenty-fourth fragment, “Tough Baby,” by writing “machismo ↓” next to the first line. Her annotations continue on the following page alongside Adorno's concluding remarks:In the end tough guys are truly effeminate ones, who need the weaklings as their victims in order not to admit that they are like them.Totalitarianism and homosexuality belong together.In its downfall the subject negates everything which is not of its own kind. The opposites of the strong man and the compliant youth merge inan order which asserts unalloyed the male principle of domination.In making all without expectation, even supposed subjects, its objects, this principle becomes totally passive, virtually feminine. (46)
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Nasrowi, Bagas Mukti. "أنواع وقياس المعنى." Studi Arab 9, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/sa.v9i2.1302.
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Although the scholars differ in the enumeration of the types of meaning, we see that the five types of the most important are: the basic meaning, the additional meaning, the stylistic meaning, the psychological meaning and the meaning of inspiration. Linguists and psychologists used the measure of meaning to achieve several purposes: measuring the basic meaning of contrasting words, measuring differences and differences in internal psychological meanings in individuals, measuring physiological responses, and measuring the meanings of events. It is also a measure of meaning: participation is what united its image and its meaning is different. Contradiction is the signification of the word on two equally opposites. The synonym is the single word that indicates one thing as one.
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Gamidova, A. "The Problem of the Assimilation of the Oppositions in "The White Goddess", the Concept of Robert Graves." Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка. Філологічні науки, no. 2(88) (September 5, 2018): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/philology.2(88).2018.50-54.
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Robert Graves, who in his literary and artistic work combined historical legitimacy, mythology and poetic intuition, sought to create a religious concept which is capable of responding to the moral and spiritual expectations of the modern man, and this expectation found its ideal embodiment in his conceptual idea of the Great Goddess. Like other sensitive followers of the Great Goddess, Robert Graves once saw the awakening of the universal spirit. Many poets, such as Robert Graves, William Butler Yates, Aleister Crowley, Ezra Pound, presented themselves as apostles of the Great God, although they could not pass through the abyss of the phenomenal world, drowned in the waters of their own reflections and spirituality, and became instruments of the Great Goddess. In the Graves' concept, the supposed Great Goddess represents the Divine Child as the fruit of a ''mysterious marriage'' in unity with the other half of this child as the unity of opposites, and the new God, symbolized by the Black Goddess (black and white, expresses intelligence),it will create a new state of consciousness. The Black Goddess must assimilate opposites in the human psyche, in other words, a harmonious substitution will take place. Although Robert Graves came up with an important concept related to the new religion, new consciousness, new world order, he is not optimistic about the development of humanity and the transition to a new religion.
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Plantin, Christian. "Types, typologies, arguments." Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, no. 65 (January 1, 2017): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2017.2011.
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The concept of arguments schemes is fundamental for argumentation studies; but its implementation is not obvious. The first section of this contribution briefly starts from the concepts of argument scheme, typology of arguments schemes, and the foundational catalogue of 28 topoi from Aristotle's Rhetoric. The application of the "topical method" is first based on the knowledge of typologies of arguments, and then on the precise features defining an argument type. The practical question that remains is how to connect an argumentative passage to an argument type. The second part of this article presents a case based on the topos from opposites.
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Park, Jae-Eun. "Schleiermacher’s Perspective on Redemption." Journal of Reformed Theology 9, no. 3 (2015): 270–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697312-00903001.
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This article analyzes the philosophical background of Schleiermacher’s doctrine of redemption. The two philosophical strands of dialectic Neoplatonism and Romanticism form the basis of Schleiermacher’s soteriology, in which Christ’s redemption is seen not just as an act to liberate from sin, but the fulfillment of the coincidentia oppositorum (the coincidence of opposites) between the finite (individual) and the Infinite (the whole) within the dynamic dialectical interrelationship between them. By participating in Christ’s perfect God-consciousness through receptivity to “absolute dependence,” the individual experiences redemption. In its philosophical context, Schleiermacher’s soteriology may be labeled as Christ-Centered Dialectic-Neoplatonic-Romantic-Soteriology.
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Velcheva, Albena. "The Unity and the Struggle of Didactics and Autodidactics." Педагогически форум 8, no. 2 (2020): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/pf.2020.012.
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The article describes the development of didactics and auto-didactics using the diachronic approach. The relation between didactics, as a major and traditional part of pedagogical science, and autodidactics, as its variety and alternative, is presented in the context of the law of unity and struggle of opposites, which is the "core" of dialectics. The validity of the general laws of dialectics and their relation to pedagogical science is argued. From a philosophical and pedagogical point of view, the basic principles are formulated, arising from the interdependence and contradiction in the didactics autodidactics system as factors for the sustainable development of education.
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S. V., Mamatha. "Stickiness: An Unspoken Chapter in the Gig World." NHRD Network Journal 13, no. 2 (April 2020): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631454120925700.
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Gig economy is very attractive due to its alluring factors of flexibility, control work–life balance and entrepreneurial activities, but is it enough to bring them back to the same platform companies. Stickiness and gig economy are opposites as stickiness defies the core principle of gig economy, which is temporariness. But stickiness needs focus as more gig workers are dependent on it as a steady source of primary income. Companies also look at them for getting highly skilled workers at lower costs. This article delves into the factors which bring repeat business from the same gig worker to the platform company.
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Das, Biswarup. "The Voyage to the Self: the Coexistence of the Opposites in Hesse’s Abraxas." Journal of English Language and Literature 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 1170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v12i2.421.
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Man’s life has always been looked upon as a journey. Like any other journey, life has its own destination too. The destination is contingent on the direction the voyage is made. In case of the majority, the direction is outward – from the ‘self.’ That is why the common lot never become individuals. Rather they are reduced with time to a part of the system which is euphemistically called ‘human society.’ A few, however, make the movement in the opposite direction – to the ‘self.’ The journey of such a person is never easy. He needs to pass through various phases of life. Having done that, he gains ‘wholeness’ of existence, that is, his ‘self.’ In that self coexists the contrary inclinations – good and evil, moral and immoral, conscious and unconscious. Hermann Hesse’s timeless classic ‘Demian’ bears the same motif. The protagonist, Sinclair, is able to explore his self only when he has experienced the opposite forces of life. Sinclair’s friend Demian who throughout the journey remains his guide, becomes a part of his consciousness like God in the end.
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Bilgen, Isa. "Securitas libertatis – Dialektik von Freiheit und Sicherheit im Zeichen der Pandemie." Rechtsphilosophie 7, no. 4 (2021): 371–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2364-1355-2021-4-371.
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The question of the relationship between freedom and security is characteristic of the discourse in times of crisis. In the coronavirus pandemic, too, society is faced with the challenge of how a democratic order can overcome the security crisis while preserving its fundamental principles, such as individual freedom as a highest value. This article explores this question. Following Axel Honneth, it is based on a social concept of freedom, which understands a social coexistence of people in security as essential for freedom in general. Freedom and security are interpreted dialectically and are accordingly not regarded as bipolar opposites, but as a unity. Considering deontological and consequentialist approaches, the text simultaneously assumes a primacy of social freedom. This is due to its dialectical nature. Because of its social character, freedom also implies mutual responsibility between individuals.
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Condren, Conal. "Mapping the contours of humour: reflections on recent introductory studies." European Journal of Humour Research 9, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr.2021.9.3.664.
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Introductions to fields of studies are almost a sub-genre in their own right, but are often resistant to direct comparison. The essay discusses four recent introductions to humour published by university presses, and what more broadly they may signify about disciplinary advertisement and consolidation. It emphasises a range of difficulties endemic to the study of humour arising from its interdisciplinarity, recent establishment, the variable range of humour and its putative universality; in which context it pays attention to Austinian performatives, puns and their translation, and to the shared propensity in these introductions to mythologise the history of humour theory. Most critical attention is paid to the studies that form almost polar opposites: Nilsen & Nilsen, The Language of Humour and Attardo, The Linguistics of Humour.
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Rogacz, Dawid. "Minglitan: Chinese Translation and Commentary of Aristotle’s Categories from the 17th Century." Peitho. Examina Antiqua 7, no. 1 (March 17, 2016): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pea.2016.1.15.
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This article puts forth the first Polish translation of fragments of Minglitan, „Investigation into the Meaning of Names”, that is Chinese translation and commentary of Aristotle’s Categories prepared by Chinese scholar, Li Zhizao and Portuguese Jesuit, Francisco Furtado, and published in 1631. Five pieces have been select for the translation: Li Tianjing’s preface to Minglitan; a groundbreaking essay on sources of philosophy, containing the very first Chinese transliteration of the term φιλοσοφία; chapter on the category of substance; of quantity; and chapter on opposites. The translation has been furnished with footnotes elaborating on Chinese terms employed in the Minglitan, and has been preceded by an introduction that delineates historical context of Minglitan, its content and structure, along with a brief sketch of its main linguistic determinants.
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Poškaitė, Loreta. "The Practical and Humanistic Implications of Being a Sage (shengren) in Daoism." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 6, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2005.0.3972.
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Centre of Oriental Studies, Vilnius University
The paper concentrates on the practical and humanistic aspects of the ideal of a sage (shengren) in Daoism, which reveal its paradoxicality or bi-directionality. The analysis is based of some stories from Zhuangzi, ideas from Laozi and teaching of Quanzhen school masters of the 20th century China. It is argued that the peculiarity of this ideal in Daoism stems from the idea of “mutual entailing of opposites” and the principle of reversibility (fan) as presented in Laozi and Zhuangzi and developed later into the practical view “to return into ordinary life after transcending divine life”, which is still living in the 20th century Daoism. Some reasons for its development and rebirth are indicated.