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1
Murdoch, Heather Rosemary. "Repetitive behaviours in children with sensory impairments and multiple disabilities : a developmental approach." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366173.
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Leonard, Virginia Kathlene. "Universal Access to Information Technology for Older Adults with Visual Impairments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7178.
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This dissertation considers the interactions of users who have been diagnosed with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in adults 65 years and older. The investigation focused on the quantification of behaviors and strategies used by this growing subset of computer users. Participants diagnosed with AMD and age-matched controls without any ocular disease completed a series of visual search, icon selection and manipulation tasks with desktop or handheld PCs. Participants searched, selected and manipulated familiar playing card icons under varied icon set sizes, inter-icon spacing, icon sizes and auditory feedback. A comprehensive account of the interaction was made using a collection of efficiency, accuracy and information processing metrics. While all participants demonstrated a high rate for successful task completion, analyses revealed participants' overall task efficacy to be coupled with features of the interface and also strongly linked with measures of ocular health and personal factors. The outcomes of this study contribute to a growing body of work which informs a framework of performance thresholds for critical graphical user interface interactions based on visual profile, interface features and supplemental non-visual cues, including the following: The impact of auditory feedback on task interaction and information processing for visually impaired versus visually healthy older adults; The observed of use of the mouse pointer or stylus as means to direct attention during visual search and the implications of manual dexterity on visual search; The presence of speed accuracy trade-offs in handheld PC interaction performance for individuals based on their contrast sensitivity and near visual acuity; The shifting impact of increased icon spacing on visual search and movement times, versus its role in the accuracy of icon release; The utility for non-clinically acquired summaries of visual health to effectively predict performance decrements in handheld or desktop interaction; Emergent differences between handheld and desktop interaction and the most influential visual factors informing performance on each; and Empirical evidence that older adults, even with visual impairments can interact with small handheld displays, in spite of the size images.
3
Oren, Michael Anthony. "Design and evaluation of auditory spatial cues for decision making within a game environment for persons with visual impairments." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Wehner, Daniel T. "Phonological and semantic influences on auditory word perception in children with and without reading impairments using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39575.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-135).
Children with dyslexia struggle with learning to read despite adequate intelligence, motivation, and schooling. Over the years, there has been a growing consensus about the role of phonological processing in reading disability. Poor readers typically do worse than their normal reading peers on tasks that require phonological processing which has been linked, directly or indirectly, to their speech perception abilities. The work in this thesis combined behavioral, MEG, and EEG methods to examine how normal and reading-impaired children, 7-13 years of age, perceive speech under varying degrees of phonological contrast (1 vs. 3 phonetic features). In a series of auditory word perception experiments, good and poor readers were found to do worse in accuracy and/or reaction times in phonologically similar (i.e., 1-feature contrast) than phonologically dissimilar (i.e., 2 or 3-feature contrast) conditions. Despite the similar behavioral performance and EEG responses for the two groups, a region of interest (ROI) based MEG approach revealed differences in the brain activation of the two groups in superior temporal regions at 140 to 300 ms.
(cont.) In the auditory word discrimination task, differences in activation were found in good readers but not poor readers, as a function of the degree of phonological contrast, reflecting poor readers' lack of sensitivity to the phonological characteristics of the word stimuli. In the sentence plausibility judgment task, the impaired phonological processing abilities of the poor readers may have led them to rely more on top-down sentence context to perceptually disambiguate phonologically confusing terminal words, thereby deceiving them into accepting the phonologically similar incongruent sentences as being congruent. This may account for the poor reader group's reduced brain activation in the phonologically demanding condition in the sentence task. The results of the experiments are consistent with a phonological view of reading disability according to which children with reading impairments have poorly defined phonological representations.
by Daniel T. Wehner.
Ph.D.
5
White, Louise Jane. "Auditory temporal integration." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282968.
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Eley, Cynthia S. "Unilateral hearing impairment and the effects of FM auditory trainers on auditory discrimination." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539806.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using an FM auditory trainer on the speech intelligibility with unilateral hearing loss. Half lists of the NU-6 was administered to 20 normal hearing adults under the following conditions: binaurally (quiet and noise), one ear occluded without and FM auditory trainer (quiet and noise), and one ear occluded with an FM auditory trainer (quiet and noise). The occlusion of the right and left ears was performed in order to control for the dominance of the right ear in speech discrimination under noise.The results indicated a significant improvement in speech discrimination when an FM auditory trainer is used with the unilaterally hearing impaired.Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology
7
Oxenham, Andrew John. "Psychophysical consequences of peripheral auditory nonlinearity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388481.
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Walker, Lori. "Tacrolimus is not Neuroprotective Against Bilirubin Induced Auditory Impairment." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1736.
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In newborns, unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is not readily excreted, and when bilirubin levels exceed the serum albumin binding capacity, pathological levels of UCB exist. Hyperbilirubinemia may lead to auditory damage and ultimately cause a hearing disorder called auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony, characterized by absent or abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) with evidence of normal inner ear function assessed by either otoacoustic emissions or cochlear microphonic responses. Phototherapy and double volume exchange transfusion are used as treatment methods for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Spontaneously jaundiced Gunn rat pups given sulfadimethoxine to displace bilirubin from serum albumin develop bilirubin encephalopathy and have abnormal BAEPs comparable to human neonates. BAEPs are a noninvasive electrophysiological measure of neural function of the auditory system. High levels of calcineurin activity are believed to be involved in the mechanism of this bilirubin induced auditory neuropathy. FK506, a calcineurin inhibitor, was administered 3 hours prior to sulfa in concentrations of 0.1mg/kg, 1.0mg/kg, and 10.0mg/kg body weight. Due to the observation that all animals had abnormal BAEPs after treatment with FK506 and sulfa, it can be concluded that none of the treatment doses protected against bilirubin induced auditory impairment.
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Tuomainen, O. T. "Auditory and speech processing in specific language impairment (SLI) and dyslexia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19058/.
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This thesis investigates auditory and speech processing in Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and dyslexia. One influential theory of SLI and dyslexia postulates that both SLI and dyslexia stem from similar underlying sensory deficit that impacts speech perception and phonological development leading to oral language and literacy deficits. Previous studies, however, have shown that these underlying sensory deficits exist in only a subgroup of language impaired individuals, and the exact nature of these deficits is still largely unknown. The present thesis investigates three aspects of auditory-phonetic interface: 1) The weighting of acoustic cues to phonetic voicing contrast 2) the preattentive and attentive discrimination of speech and non-linguistic stimuli and 3) the formation of auditory memory traces for speech and non-linguistic stimuli in young adults with SLI and dyslexia. This thesis focuses on looking at both individial and group-level data of auditory and speech processing and their relationship with higher-level language measures. The groups of people with SLI and dyslexia who participated were aged between 14 and 25 and their performance was compared to a group of controls matched on chronological age, IQ, gender and handedness. Investigations revealed a complex pattern of behaviour. The results showed that individuals with SLI or dyslexia are not poor at discriminating sounds (whether speech or non-speech). However, in all experiments, there was more variation and more outliers in the SLI group indicating that auditory deficits may occur in a small subgroup of the SLI population. Moreover, investigations of the exact nature of the input-processing deficit revealed that some individuals with SLI have less categorical representations for speech sounds and that they weight the acoustic cues to phonemic identity differently from controls and dyslexics.
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Chew, Yee Chieh. "Assessing the use of auditory graphs for middle school mathematics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53083.
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This dissertation addresses issues related to teaching and learning middle-school mathematical graphing concepts and provides an in-depth analysis on the impact of introducing a new assistive technology in a visually impaired classroom. The motivation, design, implementation, and deployment of the Graph and Number line Input and Exploration (GNIE) software, an auditory graphing tool that enables students with visual impairment to navigate and interact with a coordinate plane or number line graph is presented.
Results include a discussion about how a computer-based auditory graphing software can be a beneficial supplement to aiding teachers and students with vision impairment with middle-school based graphing principles. This work also demonstrates that auditory graphing software support collaboration between students of different levels of vision loss and that bone-conduction headphones can be used with software to perform concurrent think aloud protocols without degradation of qualitative data.
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Robson, Holly. "Investigating the comprehension impairment in Wernicke's aphasia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-the-comprehension-impairment-in-wernickesaphasia(ed866bcc-714f-496a-bf1b-1f5681850bb1).html.
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Wernicke’s aphasia (WA), an acquired impairment of language comprehension and word repetition, results from a cerebrovascular accident to the left temporoparietal junction. The disorder has been important to the development of neurobiological models of language, however neuropsychological investigations into the nature of the comprehension impairment have been limited. This thesis presents a series of four experiments, investigating the comprehension impairment in WA. Chapter 3, a behavioural neuropsychological study, investigates existing hypotheses of the comprehension impairment in WA: a phonological breakdown, a semantic breakdown, a dual phonological-semantic breakdown. A case series comparison methodology is utilised. Participants with WA are compared to participants from two other clinical, comprehension impaired groups: semantic dementia and semantic aphasia. Semantic dementia and semantic aphasia provide neuropsychological models of semantic breakdown, affecting semantic representations and semantic control respectively. Individuals with WA showed disrupted non-verbal semantic analysis of a similar magnitude to that in semantic dementia and semantic aphasia and of a qualitatively similar nature to that in semantic aphasia. A significantly greater impairment on assessments which required acoustic-phonological analysis was found for individuals with WA compared to semantic aphasia. Overall a dual breakdown in acoustic-phonological and semantic control best accounted for the comprehension impairment in WA. In Chapter 4, direct evidence was sought for a link between acoustic-phonological non-word analysis and auditory comprehension in WA. A novel test of non-word discrimination was created which was perceptually graded so as to provide a sensitive measure in severely impaired participants. Individuals with WA were significantly impaired at non-word discrimination compared to age and hearing matched control participants who performed at ceiling. The degree of non-word discrimination/acoustic-phonological analysis impairment correlated with auditory comprehension in WA. Chapter 5 investigated the extent to which the established acoustic-phonological impairment in WA was grounded in a more fundamental deficit in non-verbal auditory analysis. The capacity to detect structural changes in non-verbal auditory stimuli was measured. Participants with WA had an impaired capacity to detect differences in all but the most structurally simple auditory stimuli, compared to control participants. The degree of this impairment correlated with the degree of auditory comprehension impairment in the WA group. Chapter 6 revisits the semantic impairment observed in WA. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the residual neural networks recruited by individuals with WA, when performing a semantic animate-inanimate judgment task. Large portions of the inferior and anterior temporal lobes bilaterally were activated, regions remote from the lesion in WA. Age matched control participants recruited similar regions; however the activation in WA participants was significantly stronger. This indicated greater reliance on the residual semantic network in WA in response to damage to posterior temporoparietal semantic regions. The results from this series of studies indicated that the primary deficit in WA is one of impaired acoustic analysis and co-morbid damage to a phonological system. Additional disruption occurs to the semantic control network, which regulates the task directed use of semantic representations. A combination of all three factors accounts for the comprehension impairment in WA and it is the relative contributions of each factor that accounts for behavioural variation between individuals.
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Yang, Feng Frank, and 杨峰. "Central auditory impairment in children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47231841.
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Auditory impairment in patients with craniofacial clefts has been well studied for
decades. However, most previous research has only focused on middle ear disorders
and related auditory consequences in this group. Studies of higher level auditory
status and central auditory processing abilities of this group—particularly in
children—have been unsystematic and have significant limitations, while the
potentially negative impact of central auditory impairment on children should not be
ignored. One important area which needs further research is the status of the central
auditory nervous system (CANS) in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP). In order to objectively investigate possible central auditory
impairment in children with NSCLP, the present research programme was initiated.
Firstly, two major studies aimed to provide anatomical structural analysis and
functional evaluation of the auditory structures of CANS in a group of infants with
NSCLP, and compare the results to those of normal controls (Studies 1 and 2).
Secondly, a pilot study (Study 3) was conducted to provide preliminary data and
suggest methodology to support a major, future research programme to
comprehensively investigate central auditory processing abilities in children with
NSCLP.
A multi-disciplinary approach that included brain magnetic resonance image
(MRI) scanning, auditory evoked potentials (AEP) recording, and a central
behavioural auditory test battery assessment protocol, was applied in the present
research programme. Based on the results of the studies and data analysis, it was
concluded that: (1) Structural abnormalities of CANS in infants with NSCLP may be
primarily located in the left cerebral hemisphere and cortical abnormalities were more
marked compared with those in other subcortical locations. The development and
maturation of the auditory cortex in infants with NSCLP may be abnormal, compared
with that in normal children; (2) Infants with NSCLP might have normal auditory
sensory function at brain stem and subcortical levels, yet this group may have
significant impaired auditory discriminatory function at cortical level; (3) Children with NSCLP may show normal auditory processing abilities in a quiet listening
environment. However, they may be more vulnerable to background noise and have
impaired auditory processing abilities in areas such as monaural low redundancy and
temporal resolution ability.
In summary, combining the results of MRI, AEP and behavioural measurements
in the present research programme, it is suggested that children with NSCLP are at
potential risk of both structural abnormalities and functional disorders of the CANS,
particularly at auditory cortical level. In addition, this group might also be at risk of
auditory processing impairments to some degree, particularly in noisy environments.
The present research programme has made a contribution to our understanding of the
central auditory status of children with NSCLP, which was not systematically
investigated in previous studies, and provided information on which to base further
research. The research findings should draw the attention of researchers and clinicians
to improving auditory assessment and intervention for patients with craniofacial cleft
disorders. Further efforts in this field in the long-term may help to develop a more
sophisticated audiological evaluation and intervention approach for this population.published_or_final_version
Speech and Hearing Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Challis, Ben P. "Design principles for tactile communication within the human-computer interface." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341117.
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Buck, Lauren Michelle Jenny. "The zebrafish as an in vivo model of drug-induced auditory and vestibular impairment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3698/.
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A variety of marketed drugs are known to cause damage to the hearing and/or balance systems in humans (ototoxicity). The absence of standard testing protocols to identify ototoxic effects at the pre-clinical stage is one major reason for the incidence of these adverse effects in the clinic. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been proposed as a suitable model organism to determine the ototoxicity of compounds early on. Free-swimming zebrafish larvae possess rudimentary hearing and balance systems that consist of inner ear and lateral line structures, with specialised hair cells similar to those of the human inner ear. The studies described in this thesis examine the pathological and functional consequences of hair cell loss in the lateral line and otic vesicle of larval zebrafish, following exposure to a range of reported human ototoxins. The aim of these studies was to assess the validity and translational capability of the larval zebrafish as a microplate-scale in vivo model of mammalian inner ear hair cell responses to ototoxin exposure. Histological analyses of hair cell damage were performed using the vital dyes DASPEI and FM1-43FX, in addition to Tg(pou4f3::mGFP)s356t and i193 transgenic lines, which mark hair cells. Results of the histological investigations showed hair cell damage to occur in a concentration-dependent manner after exposure to representatives from a range of drug classes. These classes include the aminoglycoside antibiotics, salicylates and platinum-based chemotherapeutics. Injection of ototoxins into the ear was also sufficient to induce hair cell damage to specific sensory maculae. The functional impact of hair cell damage was investigated using startle, rheotaxis and seeker response assays, which harnessed the natural behavioural responses of the larvae. A novel semi-automated startle assay was developed and optimised to study the effects of hair cell damage on the acoustically-evoked high-speed escape response. Functional assessment revealed the significant attenuation of startle, rheotaxis and underwater motion detection following exposure to compounds that had previously induced hair cell damage. Additional investigations into the mechanisms underlying hair cell damage for one ototoxin, cisplatin, are also described. Chemical manipulation of one component of the proposed mammalian pathway of damage was able to significantly protect hair cells in the zebrafish, suggesting conservation of damage mechanisms between zebrafish and higher vertebrates. Collectively, the data described in this thesis provide evidence to support the use of zebrafish as an in vivo model of ototoxicity.
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Ferraguto, Celeste. "BKCa channels as therapeutic targets in neurodevelopmental disorders : focus on acoustic dysfunction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0134.
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Les troubles du neurodéveloppement (TNDs) se caractérisent par un vaste éventail de phénotypes pathologiques qui englobent diverses anomalies aussi bien physiques, cérébrales que comportementales. Parmi celles-ci, les altérations de la perception auditive sont fréquemment observées dans plusieurs TNDs. L’existence de cette symptomatologie commune suggère que des mécanismes sous-jacents comparables seraient à l’origine des TNDs, et donc que des stratégies thérapeutiques similaires pourraient permettre de palier les déficits observés. Malgré des efforts considérables, des composés pharmacologiques efficaces pour le traitement de la plupart des TNDs font toujours défaut, rendant plus que jamais nécessaire le développement de nouveaux médicaments ou l’identification de nouvelles indications thérapeutiques pour des médicaments existants (repositionnement). Le dysfonctionnement des canaux potassiques de grande conductance activés par le calcium (canaux BKCa) a émergé comme un mécanisme pathologique clé potentiellement impliqué dans plusieurs TNDs. Ces canaux ubiquitaires modulent l'activité des cellules excitables, incluant les neurones, les cellules musculaires lisses et cardiaques, ainsi que les cellules ciliées de la cochlée, leur conférant un rôle prépondérant dans les fonctions synaptiques, cardiovasculaires et auditives. Une réduction de l’expression et de la fonctionnalité des canaux BKCa est notamment observée chez les patients atteints de deux TNDs majeurs, à savoir les syndromes de l'X fragile (SXF) et de Williams-Beuren (SWB), suggérant que des composés activant ces canaux pourraient constituer des traitements prometteurs pour ces deux syndromes d’origine génétique. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse a consisté à caractériser, à l’échelle préclinique, le potentiel thérapeutique du Chlorzoxazone, un activateur des canaux BKCa, pour traiter les phénotypes pathologiques associés aux SXF et SWB. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé les lignées de souris mutantes Fmr1-KO et CD qui reproduisent la plupart des symptômes observés chez les patients respectivement SXF et SWB, y compris les altérations des canaux BKCa. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous avons combiné des paradigmes comportementaux, notamment des tests moteurs, émotionnels et sociaux, avec l'analyse de marqueurs de plasticité neuronale, tels que l’analyse des dendrites, les niveaux de neurotrophines et l'expression du facteur de transciption c-fos dans des régions cérébrales spécifiques. Chez les souris CD, nous avons également caractérisé les phénotypes cardiovasculaires typiques du SWB, à savoir l'hypertrophie cardiaque et la sténose aortique. Nos résultats montrent que le Chlorzoxazone, administré de manière aiguë ou chronique, permet de traiter efficacement les divers phénotypes pathologiques présents chez les mutants Fmr1-KO et CD. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes concentrés sur les altérations auditives observées chez les deux modèles de souris et nous avons révélé l'efficacité globale du Chlorzoxazone à rétablir ces anomalies aux niveaux électrophysiologique (émissions otoacoustiques), structurel (intégrité des cellules ciliées de la cochlée et des synapses à ruban) et comportemental (réflexe du sursaut acoustique). Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats identifient les canaux BKCa comme une cible thérapeutique prometteuse pour le traitement du SXF et du SWB, ainsi que des dysfonctionnements auditifs associés. De plus, ils plaident en faveur du repositionnement du Chlorzoxazone, un médicament déjà sur le marché pour le traitement des pathologies musculaires, à des fins cliniques dans le contexte des TNDs. En conclusion, cette thèse constitue une base préclinique solide pour de futurs essais cliniques chez les patients atteints du SXF et du SWB et démontre l’intérêt de conduire davantage de recherches précliniques sur le rôle des canaux BKCa dans les dysfonctionnements auditifs et comportementauxNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are typically characterized by a range of pathological phenotypes, encompassing a variety of physical, brain, and behavioral abnormalities. Among these, impaired auditory perception and hearing alterations are commonly observed across multiple NDDs. Given the presence of shared symptomatology, increasing interest is devoted to the identification of potential common underlying mechanisms and, therefore, shared therapeutic strategies. Despite extensive efforts, effective pharmacological interventions for most NDDs are still lacking, prompting research on novel drugs, as well as on repurposed treatments. Dysfunction in big conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) ion channels has emerged as a potential key pathological mechanism involved in multiple NDDs: these ubiquitous channels play a pivotal role in modulating the activity of excitable cells, including neurons, vascular smooth muscle, and cardiac cells, as well as cochlear hair cells, thus being strongly implicated in synaptic, cardio-vascular and auditory functions. Notably, reduced expression and functionality of BKCa channels have been documented in patients with two major NDDs, i.e., fragile X and Williams-Beuren syndromes (FXS and WBS), suggesting that compounds activating these channels could offer promising treatments for these two genetic syndromes. This thesis aimed to provide preclinical evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of Chlorzoxazone, an FDA-approved BKCa channel opener, for treating the pathological phenotypes of FXS and WBS. To this end, we employed the Fmr1-KO and the CD mouse lines, representing the main preclinical models of FXS and WBS, respectively, which recapitulate most symptoms displayed by patients, including BKCa channel expression and functional deficits. In the first part of the thesis, we demonstrated that Chlorzoxazone, administered either acutely or chronically, effectively treated various behavioral, brain, and physical phenotypes exhibited by Fmr1-KO and CD mutants. To this aim, we combined behavioral assessments of both mutant mouse lines, encompassing motor, emotional, and social tests, with the analysis of markers of neuronal plasticity and functionality, e.g., dendritic abnormalities, neurotrophin levels, and fos expression in specific brain regions. Additionally, in the CD mouse model, we characterized cardiovascular phenotypes typical of WBS, i.e., cardiac hypertrophy and aortic stenosis. In the second part, we focused on the auditory alterations displayed by the two mouse models and we showed the overall efficacy of Chlorzoxazone in rescuing these abnormalities at electrophysiological, structural, and behavioral levels. This involved assessing auditory brainstem responses and distortion product otoacoustic emissions, alongside the immuno-histochemical evaluation of cochlear hair cells and ribbon synapses, and behavioral analysis of the acoustic startle response. Overall, our findings support BKCa channels as promising therapeutic targets for FXS and WBS, as well as for associated auditory dysfunctions. Furthermore, they advocate for repurposing Chlorzoxazone, already on the market for muscular pathologies, for clinical use in the context of NDDs. In conclusion, this thesis provides a preclinical foundation for future clinical trials in FXS and WBS and encourages further preclinical research into the role of BKCa channels in auditory and behavioral dysfunction
16
Marler, Jeffrey Allen. "Precortical and cortical contributions to backward masking in children with language-learning impairment /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004332.
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Walker, Jennifer. "The Maturation of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Children with Normal Hearing and Hearing Impairment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2195.
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Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are a non-invasive tool that can provide objective information on the functioning of the auditory pathways. As a result, there is increasing use of these measurements to support the early implantation of cochlear implants in children. However, the maturation of CAEPs in children who have received cochlear implants is still not well understood. This study investigated five children who received cochlear implants prior to 3.5 years of age and compared their CAEP waveforms to five normal-hearing children who were matched for age and five normal-hearing children who were matched for time-in-sound. In addition, a case study was completed, comparing an age-matched child who received hearing aids prior to 3.5 years of age to one of the children with cochlear implants. The latencies and amplitudes of the positive and negative peaks (P1, N1, P2, and N2) of the CAEP waveforms were measured and analysed using statistical techniques, including one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Our hypothesis was that children who received cochlear implants prior to 3.5 years of age would have CAEPs similar to their age-matched peers with normal hearing. Additionally, it was expected that the two matched children with hearing instruments would have CAEP waveforms that are similar. The measurements recorded demonstrated no conclusive results between the children with cochlear implants and either of the normal hearing groups. In the case study, the latencies and amplitudes of the child with a cochlear implant were similar to those of the child with hearing aids, supporting the second hypothesis. This study highlights the need for further research on a larger scale in order to more clearly determine the manner in which CAEP waveforms mature in children with cochlear implants.
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King, Andrew Jonathan. "Spatial hearing and temporal processing in old and hearing-impaired individuals." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/spatial-hearing-and-temporal-processing-in-old-and-hearingimpaired-individuals(156ec05b-e6e8-466d-9025-d2d176f435d4).html.
Full textAbstract:
Small timing differences occur when sounds reach one ear before the other, creating interaural phase differences (IPDs). The phase-locked activity in the auditory nerve can, at low frequencies, preserve IPDs. IPDs are used for localising and separating sounds from different directions. Chapters 3, 5, and 6 report three studies of the independent effects of age and sensorineural hearing loss on the temporal processing of sound that aids spatial hearing. Chapters 2 and 4 describe two supporting methodological studies. Chapter 2 compared the duration of training required for stable IPD-discrimination thresholds for two stimulus presentation procedures. The procedure requiring the least training was adopted for subsequent studies. Age and hearing loss are related and both may affect sensitivity to IPDs. Chapter 3 demonstrated that hearing loss, regardless of listener age, is related to poorer sensitivity to IPDs in the temporal fine structure (TFS), but not in the temporal envelope. Chapter 3 also showed that age, independent of hearing loss, is related to poorer envelope-IPD sensitivity at low modulation rates, and somewhat poorer TFS-IPD sensitivity. In Chapter 5, listener age and IPD sensitivity were both compared to subcortical neural phase locking measured through the frequency-following response (FFR). Phase coherence in the envelope-FFR at 145 Hz modulation and in the TFS-FFR deteriorated with age, suggesting less precise phase locking in old age. However, age-related changes to IPD sensitivity were not strongly related to age-related changes in FFR phase coherence. IPD sensitivity declines may be predominantly caused by deterioration of binaural processing independent of subcortical phase locking. Chapter 4 showed that electrodes at the mastoids recorded TFS-FFR generated earlier in the auditory pathway than electrodes from the nape of the neck to forehead, which recorded FFR generated later in the brainstem. However, these electrode montages did not reveal different age- or hearing-loss-related FFR deficits in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 determined whether hearing loss affected the ability to use TFS IPDs to achieve better speech perception. On average, old hearing-impaired listeners gained a small, but significant, benefit from a lateral separation of the speech sources. Replacing the TFS with binaurally in-phase sine waves (removing the TFS IPDs) significantly reduced the benefit of lateral separation. How much a listener benefitted from intact TFS IPDs in speech perception was strongly related to the extent of their hearing loss at low frequencies and their monaural processing of TFS, but not to their ability to discriminate IPDs. In general, this thesis shows that low-frequency hearing loss is associated with poor sensitivity to TFS IPDs and the ability to benefit from them when sounds are laterally separated. The thesis also shows that old age can reduce sensitivity to IPDs and weaken subcortical temporal coding. Although only partly related, these effects are likely to cause problems for old individuals in challenging listening environments.
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Apthorp, Harriet Rose. "An Investigation into the Site of Iatrogenic Auditory Impairment in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: A Pilot Study." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Communication Disorders, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10812.
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During vestibular schwannoma surgery a large proportion of patients will lose their hearing. While there have been several papers investigating the mechanism behind this loss of auditory function, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms remain relatively elusive.
The present study aimed to document the patterns of electrophysiological auditory responses during retrosigmoid vestibular schwannoma surgery. In particular, we aimed to determine whether the site of auditory impairment in individual cases was predominantly cochlea or neural.
Auditory function was monitored intraoperatively in two patients who underwent unilateral vestibular schwannoma surgery via the retrosigmoid approach at St George’s Hospital in Christchurch, and Dunedin Public Hospital. A combination of electrocochleography and direct eighth nerve monitoring techniques were used to monitor the auditory evoked potentials from the cochlea and cochlear nerve during the course of the surgery. Auditory brainstem response recordings were obtained from the second participant due to the technical difficulties in the primary electrophysiological techniques.
Technical difficulties faced during the surgical procedure prevented the recording of both electrocochleography and direct eighth nerve monitoring potentials from each of the participants. As a consequence of this, we were unable to draw any conclusions about the site of iatrogenic injury in each surgery. Despite the insufficient recordings of auditory function, the technical and practical knowledge acquired during the course of this pilot study has established a foundation upon which the continuing research may build.
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Morita, Takeshi. "Enhanced activation of the auditory cortex in patients with inner-ear hearing impairment : An MEG study." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148740.
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Jansson-Verkasalo, E. (Eira). "Auditory event-related potentials as indices of language impairment in children born preterm and with Asperger syndrome." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514272447.
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Abstract
The main objective of the present follow-up study was to investigate auditory processing by using auditory event related potentials (ERPs), and language development to determine whether a correlation exists between auditory ERPs and language development.
Auditory processing was investigated in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm children and matched controls at mean ages of 4 and 6 years to determine whether there are differences in ERPs between VLBW preterm children and controls. Language development was measured at the mean ages of 2, 4 and 6 years to investigate the developmental course of language learning and to determine whether a relationship exists between ERPs, especially mismatch negativity (MMN), and language development. Auditory ERPs were also measured in children with AS (mean age 9;1 years) and matched controls to assess whether differences can be found between these two groups of children. Language development in children with AS was not investigated for this study.
VLBW preterm children exhibited difficulties in the auditory processing at the level of obligatory ERPs, MMN, late MMN (lMMN) and behavioural tests. Both language comprehension and production were deficient in the preterm group compared to their controls. Lexical development was the most prominent phenomenon differentiating preterm children from their controls. MMN and lMMN amplitudes were attenuated most in children with naming difficulty at the ages of 4 and 6 years. Weak or totally missing MMN at the age of 4 years was mainly found in children with naming difficulties.
Children with AS also displayed abnormalities in auditory processing, as indexed by delayed MMN latency. MMN was most delayed in the right hemisphere and specifically for tones.
In conclusion: VLBW preterm children and children with AS exhibited difficulties in auditory processing. MMN correlated well with language development in preterm children. Therefore, auditory ERPs, especially MMN, should be used in combination with language measures to identify the children at a risk for deficient auditory processing and language delays.
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Libardi, Ana Lívia. "Avaliação do site \'curso de sistema de frequência modulada para professores\'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-01112012-190309/.
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Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o site Curso de Sistema de Frequência Modulada para Professores, como instrumento de capacitação de professores que tenham em sala de aula alunos com deficiência auditiva usuários de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual (AASI) e/ou Implante Coclear (IC) acoplados ao Sistema de Frequência Modulada (FM). O site foi avaliado por professores da Rede Estadual e Privada da cidade de Bauru e também por professores do Colégio do Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI), quanto aos aspectos de qualidade técnica e de conteúdo. Participaram, no total, 65 professores com idade média de 40 anos e todos com curso superior em sua formação. Os professores após navegarem no site preencheram anonimamente um questionário online disponível no site com questões sobre dados demográficos, conhecimento do professor sobre o seu aluno, formação complementar e uso da internet. Também responderam às questões sobre a qualidade técnica do site por meio do questionário Emory, que compreende as subescalas precisão, autores, atualizações, público, navegação, links e estrutura e conteúdo do site. Os professores não manifestaram dificuldades para responder ao questionário, tendo como média de preenchimento do questionário 33 minutos e 14 segundos. Os mesmos também demonstraram não ter experiência com as questões da deficiência auditiva de um modo geral (perda auditiva, localização, grau da perda, acústica em sala, uso do sistema de FM, dentre outras). Foi possível verificar que 53,84% dos professores utilizam a internet frequentemente. O site obteve como pontuação geral 87,64% no questionário Emory, considerado como sendo adequado. No estudo das subescalas isoladamente foi verificado que os aspectos \"conteúdo\", \"autores\", \"atualizações\", \"público\" e \"links\" relacionados ao questionário Emory tiveram pontuação como sendo excelente (acima de 90%). As subescalas \"navegação\" e \"estrutura\" foram classificadas como sendo adequadas (pontuação 76,53% e 78,84%, respectivamente). O aspecto \"precisão\" do site obteve a pontuação de 68,2%, revelando necessidade de revisão. Os professores avaliaram o seu conhecimento prévio antes de navegar no conteúdo do site como sendo ruim e satisfeito e após navegarem no site eles avaliaram que o site ajudou muito e também estavam muito satisfeitos com o conteúdo. O site foi considerado pelos participantes como sendo uma ferramenta importante para ajudá-los no dia a dia com o aluno com a deficiência auditiva.This study aimed to evaluate the site \"Course Frequency Modulation System for Teachers \", as a tool for teachers who have students in the classroom for hearing -impaired users Individual hearing aids (HA) and cochlear implants (CI) coupled to the Frequency Modulation (FM) System. The site was evaluated by teachers of state and private systems of Bauru city and also by teachers of the Colégio do Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI), on the aspects of technical quality and content. A total of 65 teachers, whose average age was 40 years old and all of them were college graduated, participated in the evaluation. After navigating the site, anonymously filled an online questionnaire about demographic data, teacher´s knowledge about his/her student, complementary training and internet usage. They also answered the questions about technical quality of the site through the questionnaire Emory, which includes the subscales accuracy, authors, updates, public, navigation, links and the site structure and content. The teachers did not have problems to answer the questionnaire, and the average time of filling it was 33 minutes and 14 seconds. They also demonstrated to have no experience with hearing impairment questions in general (hearing loss, location, hearing loss degree, classroom acoustics, usage of FM System, and others). It was possible to verify that 53,84% of teachers use the internet frequently. The site obtained as 87,64% general score on the questionnaire Emory, considered to be appropriate. Analyzing the subscales separately, the aspect \"content\", \"author\", \"update\", \"public\" and \"links\" related to the questionnaire Emory scored as excellent (above 90%). The subscales \"navigation\" and \"structure\" were classified appropriate (score 76.53% and 78.84%, respectively). The aspect of \"accuracy\" of the site received a score of 68.2%, revealing a need for review. Before navigating the site content, teachers rated their previous knowledge as \"poor\" and \"satisfied\"; after navigating the site, they assessed the site \"helped a lot\" and \"helped\", and they were very satisfied about the content. The site was considered by the participants as an important tool to help them in day-to-day to work with hearing-impaired students.
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Sabisch, Beate. "Mechanisms of auditory sentence comprehension in children with specific language impairment and children with developmental dyslexia : a neurophysiological investigation /." Leipzig : MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016510223&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Rönnberg, Niklas. "Assessing cognitive spare capacity as a measure of listening effort using the Auditory Inference Span Test." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för neurovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-109682.
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Hearing loss has a negative effect on the daily life of 10-15% of the world’s population. One of the most common ways to treat a hearing loss is to fit hearing aids which increases audibility by providing amplification. Hearing aids thus improve speech reception in quiet, but listening in noise is nevertheless often difficult and stressful. Individual differences in cognitive capacity have been shown to be linked to differences in speech recognition performance in noise. An individual’s cognitive capacity is limited and is gradually consumed by increasing demands when listening in noise. Thus, fewer cognitive resources are left to interpret and process the information conveyed by the speech. Listening effort can therefore be explained by the amount of cognitive resources occupied with speech recognition. A well fitted hearing aid improves speech reception and leads to less listening effort, therefore an objective measure of listening effort would be a useful tool in the hearing aid fitting process. In this thesis the Auditory Inference Span Test (AIST) was developed to assess listening effort by measuring an individual’s cognitive spare capacity, the remaining cognitive resources available to interpret and encode linguistic content of incoming speech input while speech understanding takes place. The AIST is a dual-task hearing-innoise test, combining auditory and memory processing, and requires executive processing of speech at different memory load levels. The AIST was administered to young adults with normal hearing and older adults with hearing impairment. The aims were 1) to develop the AIST; 2) to investigate how different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) affect memory performance for perceived speech; 3) to explore if this performance would interact with cognitive capacity; 4) to test if different background noise types would interact differently with memory performance for young adults with normal hearing; and 5) to examine if these relationships would generalize to older adults with hearing impairment. The AIST is a new test of cognitive spare capacity which uses existing speech material that is available in several countries, and manipulates simultaneously cognitive load and SNR. Thus, the design of AIST pinpoints potential interactions between auditory and cognitive factors. The main finding of this thesis was the interaction between noise type and SNR showing that decreased SNR reduced cognitive spare capacity more in speech-like noise compared to speech-shaped noise, even though speech intelligibility levels were similar between noise types. This finding applied to young adults with normal hearing but there was a similar effect for older adults with hearing impairment with the addition of background noise compared to no background noise. Task demands, MLLs, interacted with cognitive capacity, thus, individuals with less cognitive capacity were more sensitive to increased cognitive load. However, MLLs did not interact with noise type or with SNR, which shows that different memory load levels were not affected differently in different noise types or in different SNRs. This suggests that different cognitive mechanisms come into play for storage and processing of speech information in AIST and for listening to speech in noise. Thus, the results suggested that a test of cognitive spare capacity seems to be a useful way to assess listening effort, even though the AIST, in the design used in this thesis, might be too cognitively demanding to provide reliable results for all individuals.
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Saremi, Amin G. "Effects of Specific Cochlear Pathologies on the Auditory Functions : Modelling, Simulations and Clinical Implications." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för neurovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105810.
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A hearing impairment is primarily diagnosed by measuring the hearing thresholds at a range of auditory frequencies (air-conduction audiometry). Although this clinical procedure is simple, affordable, reliable and fast, it does not offer differential information about origins of the hearing impairment. The main goal of this thesis is to quantitatively link specific cochlear pathologies to certain changes in the spectral and temporal characteristics of the auditory system. This can help better understand the underlying mechanisms associated with sensorineural hearing impairments, beyond what is shown in the audiogram. Here, an electromechanical signal-transmission model is devised in MATLAB where the parameters of the model convey biological interpretations of mammalian cochlear structures. The model is exploited to simulate the cell-level cochlear pathologies associated with two common types of sensorineural hearing impairments, 1: presbyacusis (age-related hearing impairment) and, 2: noise-induced hearing impairment. Furthermore, a clinical study, consisting of different psychoacoustic and physiological tests, was performed to trace and validate the model predictions in human. The results of the clinical tests were collated and compared with the model predictions, showing a reasonable agreement. In summary, the present model provides a biophysical foundation for simulating the effect of specific cellular lesions, due to different inner-ear diseases and external insults, on the entire cochlear mechanism and thereby on the whole auditory system. This is a multidisciplinary work in the sense that it connects the ‘biological processes’ with ‘acoustic modelling’ and ‘clinical audiology’ in a translational context.
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Mengler, Elise Dione. "Neurophysiologically mediated auditory processing insensitivity in children with specific language impairment : behavioural discrimination and the mismatch and late discriminative negativities." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0154.
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[Truncated abstract] Some children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) show poor performance on behavioural tasks designed to measure rapid auditory processing, such as the Repetition Test developed by Tallal and colleagues. Stemming from concerns about whether this task reflects higher-order, cognitive variables, this thesis sought to determine whether the performance deficits SLI children show were evident at the neurophysiological level, with minimal cognitive influences, such as attention, using paradigms designed to elicit the mismatch negativity (MMN) and late discriminative negativity (LDN). In the first two studies, a MMN paradigm, equivalent to the Repetition Test, was trialled with a group of 8 adults. In this paired paradigm, the second tone of a pair of pure tones ascending in frequency ('low'-'high') was occasionally replaced with a 'low' tone. The aim was to determine a 'long' and 'short' intra-pair interval (IPI) with which MMN was generated utilizing this paradigm and that were congruent with the Repetition Test findings (i.e., a long IPI at which SLI were able to perform the task, and a short IPI at which SLI children's performance was selectively impaired). In Study One, MMN to a within-pair frequency change was generated with the 30 ms IPI, but not the 700 ms IPI. The grouping parameters of the temporal window of integration (TWI) and temporal distinctiveness were considered less than optimal for the grouping of the pairs presented at 700 ms IPI for the pre-attentive system to register the within-pair frequency change. ... The frequency difference limens (DLs) of the SLI group were significantly higher than a group of 18 normally developing age- and intelligence-matched peers, but there was no significant difference between the groups in their performance on a control intensity discrimination task. The iii SLI group also showed poorer reading skills, yet frequency discrimination was related to oral language ability only. In the final study, MMN was measured to examine the pre-attentive neurophysiological basis of the SLI group's frequency discrimination deficit. Two frequency deviants that were just above each group's 75% DL on the frequency discrimination task were employed in a simple frequency change paradigm: 40 Hz difference for the control group, and 80 Hz difference for the SLI group. MMN and LDN were elicited in the group of 15 normally developing children to their 40 Hz suprathreshold frequency difference and to the 80 Hz difference. A significant MMN was not observed in the group of 13 SLI children to the 40 Hz difference, which was below their threshold level. However, despite discrimination at the behavioural level, MMN did not reach significance in the SLI group to their 80 Hz suprathreshold frequency difference, yet LDN was observed. MMN was larger in both groups for the 80 Hz difference. Furthermore, MMN and LDN amplitude to the suprathreshold deviants were predictive of both frequency and intensity DLs. These results suggested that SLI children have a pre-attentive neurophysiologically mediated insensitivity to small frequency differences, and that MMN (and LDN) to suprathreshold frequency deviants is a sensitive indicator of group discrimination differences and brain-behaviour relationships in children with and without SLI.
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Norrelgen, Fritjof. "Development of working memory, speech perception and auditory temporal resolution in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and language impairment /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-380-5.
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Romanos, Jihane. "\"Estudo de mutações do gene OTOF em pacientes com deficiência auditiva e sua relação com a neuropatia auditiva\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-19092007-114456/.
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A herança autossômica recessiva pode ser responsável por aproximadamente 77% dos casos de surdez hereditária. Em 1996, Chaib e col. mapearam o loco responsável por surdez profunda neurossensorial de herança recessiva na região cromossômica 2p22-23 (DFNB9). Em 1999, Yasunaga e col. identificaram esse gene como o que codifica a proteína OTOFerlina (OTOF) nessa região. Até hoje, já foram descritas 31 mutações patogênicas diferentes no gene OTOF em populações de várias origens, com destaque a mutação Q829X que foi encontrada em ~3% dos casos de surdez na Espanha (Migliosi e col., 2002; Rodríguez-Ballesteros e col., 2003). Alguns pacientes com mutações no gene OTOF apresentavam neuropatia auditiva, um tipo de deficiência auditiva neurossensorial caracterizada pela ausência ou anomalia das ondas no exame dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos do Tronco Encefálico ou BERA com a presença das emissões otoacústicas e/ou microfonismo coclear. O objetivo desse projeto foi investigar a contribuição relativa das mutações no gene OTOF ao casos de neuropatia auditiva e de outros tipos surdez em famílias brasileiras. Uma amostra de 343 propósitos portadores de deficiência auditiva foi submetida ao estudo da mutação Q829X. Não foi identificada em nenhum caso. Dessa casuística foram selecionados 48 propósitos de famílias com consangüinidade ou com 2 ou mais afetados na irmandade e quatro pacientes com neuropatia auditiva e com consangüinidade parental ou com dois ou mais afetados na irmandade. Além disso, foram também selecionados 7 casos isolados com neuropatia auditiva e 5 casos de portadores de alterações no tronco encefálico. Essa amostra totalizou 64 propósitos. Propósitos dessas 64 famílias foram genotipados em relação a cinco marcadores de microssatélites ligados ao gene OTOF. A análise dos haplótipos excluiu ligação ao gene OTOF em 34 casos, 19 não eram conclusivos e 11 indicaram possibilidade de ligação ao gene OTOF (incluindo uma família com pais consangüíneos e neuropatia auditiva e três propósitos com neuropatia auditiva). Simultaneamente, os 64 propósitos foram triados para mutações em oito exons do gene OTOF, nos quais mutações já haviam sido descritas, por meio de SSCP seguido de seqüenciamento. Os 11 casos com resultados compatíveis com ligação ao gene OTOF (4 com neuropatia auditiva) e os sete casos de neuropatia auditiva foram selecionados para o seqüenciamento de todos os exons (total de 18 propósitos). Identificamos no total 58 alterações diferentes. Onze variantes eram potencialmentes patogênicas, encontradas em sete dos propósitos, todos pertencentes ao grupo dos 18 selecionados. Quatro casos eram heterozigotos compostos [98G>A (R33Q) e 2401G>T e 2402A>T (E801L)]; [1841G>A (G614E) e 3239G>C (R1080P)], [3751T>G (C1251G) e 5431A>T (K1811X)] e [2348delG (G783fs) e 5800-5801insC (L1934fs)], dois eram heterozigotos [1552-1567del16 (R518fs); 2905- 2923del19ins11 (A969fs)] sem que uma segunda mutação fosse detectada e um apresentava a mutação em homozigose [3400C>T (R1134X)]. Desses sete propósitos com mutações patogênicas, somente um paciente com mutação em heterozigose não apresentava neuropatia auditiva. Dentre os 11 casos com neuropatia auditiva, seis tinham pelo menos uma mutação no gene OTOF que poderia ser a causa de surdez. Esse achado reforça a associação entre o fenótipo da neuropatia auditiva e mutações no gene OTOF. A variante Q829X não foi encontrada nenhuma vez em nossa amostra, portanto, não deve ser causa importante de surdez na nossa população. Porém, nosso estudo mostra que mutações no gene OTOF são causas freqüentes de neuropatia auditiva no Brasil (mais de 50% dos casos). Nossos resultados reforçam a hipótese que pacientes com neuropatia auditiva devem ser selecionados para pesquisa de mutações no gene OTOF e que talvez mais de 50% dos casos de neuropatia auditiva tenham causa genética.77% of nonsyndromic prelingual deafness have an autosomal recessive inheritance. In 1996, Chaib et al. mapped a locus associated with sensorineural nonsyndromic recessive deafness to chromosome region 2p22-23 (DFNB9) by linkage studies. In 1999, Yasunaga et al. identified the OTOF gene encoding OTOFerlin, in this region. To date, there are 31 different pathogenic mutations described in the OTOF gene, from populations of variable origins. A Q829X mutation was found at a frequency of ~3% of deafness in Spain (Migliosi e col., 2002; Rodríguez-Ballesteros e col., 2003). Some affected individuals with mutations in the OTOF gene were reported to present auditory neuropathy, a type of deafness characterized by an absent or severely abnormal auditory brainstem response, with preservation of otoacoustic emissions and/or cochlear microphonics. The main purpose of this project was to investigate the relative contribution of OTOF mutations to auditory neuropathy and other type of deafness, amongst Brazilian families. We enrolled 343 Brazilian unrelated subjects with nonsyndromic hearing loss. A specific test for the Q829X mutation was performed first. We failed to find any subjects carrying this mutation. From this group, we selected 48 probands from families with consanguinity or with two or more affected sibs and four probands with diagnosis of auditory neuropathy and from consanguineous unions or with two or more affected sibs. In addition, we selected 7 isolated subjects with auditory neuropathy and 5 cases with diagnosis of brainstem alteration. This gave a total of 64 probands. Subjects from the 64 families were genotyped for five microsatellites markers, linked to the OTOF gene. The analysis of the haplotype excluded linkage to the OTOF gene in 34 families, it was inconclusive in 19 families and it showed compatibility with linkage in the remaining 11 families (including one with consanguineous parents and auditory neuropathy and three with diagnosis of auditory neuropathy). Simultaneously, the 64 subjects were screened for mutations in 8 exons previously identified to other mutations using the SSCP technique. In positive cases, DNA sequencing was carried out. In the 11 subjects consistent with putative linkage to OTOF gene and the 7 isolated cases of auditory neuropathy, an exon by exon screening for mutations in the OTOF gene was performed using DNA sequencing (Total of 18 subjects). We found a total of 58 different variants. Eleven were possibly causative mutations and were found in seven of the 18 subjects. Amongst them, four cases were compound heterozygotes R33Q with E801L, G614E with E1080P, 2348delG with 5800-5801insC and K1811X with C1251G, two cases were heterozygotes [1552- 1567del16 and 2905-2923del19in11] without a second mutation and one presented a mutation in homozygous form [3400C>T (R1134X)]. Among these seven probands, only one patient with a heterozygote mutation did not have a diagnosis of auditory neuropathy. In the 11 cases of auditory neuropathy, six had at least one mutation in the OTOF gene that is the probable cause of their deafness. These findings support the association between auditory neuropathy and mutations in the OTOF gene. While we failed to confirm the high frequency of Q829X mutation found in Spain, our study shows that mutations in the OTOF gene are frequent causes of auditory neuropathy in Brazil (more than 50%). Our results reinforced that patients with auditory neuropathy must be selected for mutation detection in the OTOF gene and that more than 50% of cases of auditory neuropathy have a defined genetic etiology.
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Stothart, George. "Deficits and compensation in healthy ageing, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease : a mismatch negativity study of visual, auditory and audiovisual processing." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616567.
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An increasing ageing population presents the challenge of understanding how healthy ageing and dementia affect brain function. Improved understanding of healthy ageing can provide a baseline against which to examine Mild. - Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which there is a great need for better characterisation and early diagnostic tools. Examining sensory processing can reveal how the ageing brain copes and reacts to changes in peripheral sensory deficits and can inform theories of cognitive ageing. Additionally sensory processing has largely been neglected in the examination of MCI and AD, and may provide further understanding of the early stages of the disease processes, unaffected by the educational and cultural confounds that can often hamper measures of higher level processing. This thesis explored sensory processing in healthy ageing, MCI and AD with two distinct aims: 1) to test and further inform cognitive theories of healthy ageing and 2) to identify changes in sensory processing due to MCI and AD that may be further developed as diagnostic markers. Electroencephalography was used to measure sensory processing across four paradigms designed to examine visual, auditory and audiovisual processing. Early sensory evoked potentials and the mismatch negativity response were measured in healthy younger and older adults, MC! patients and AD patients. -The results indicated that older adults experience modality specific changes in sensory processing, with patterns of a frontal lobe inhibitory deficit emerging in auditory processing, and cortical compensation to reduced peripheral input in visual processing. AD patients showed deficits in sensory association area processing that manifested as reduced audiovisual binding and reduced visual evoked potentials. MC! patients showed high intra and inter individual variability in visual processing and a broad attentional deficit in evoked potentials across both auditory and visual modalities. This thesis demonstrates that the healthily ageing brain adapts to changes in peripheral sensory processing in an adaptive, compensatory manner that is specific to the sensory modality examined. Both MCI and AD show specific changes in sensory processing that with future improvements in individual subject analyses provide considerable potential for improved early classification and diagnosis.
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Gonçalves, Maria Inês Ferreira. "Matérias relevantes de auditoria : o caso do Goodwill." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19003.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisA partir de 2016, no seguimento das mudanças propostas pelo International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) ao modelo de relatório de auditoria, passou a ser exigido aos auditores de entidades de interesse público a comunicação das matérias relevantes de auditoria, em inglês, Key Audit Matters (KAM). Neste contexto, tendo em consideração que o goodwill é uma das áreas de maior frequência na comunicação de KAM e dado o seu peso significativo nas Demonstrações Financeiras (DFs) das entidades, o principal objetivo do presente estudo prende-se com a análise dos fatores que influenciam a decisão do auditor de comunicar a imparidade do goodwill como KAM, em entidades cujo peso relativo deste ativo intangível é significativo. Com este propósito utiliza-se uma amostra de 92 observações de entidades cotadas nos índices bolsistas da Alemanha - DAX 30 -, Bélgica - BEL 20 -, Espanha -IBEX 35-, França - CAC 40 -, Holanda ? AEX - e Portugal - PSI 20 -, no final do ano fiscal de 2017. Em linha com as hipóteses formuladas, os resultados mostram que perante entidades com elevados níveis de rendibilidade ou com fortes mecanismos de corporate governance, o auditor tem menor tendência para comunicar a imparidade do goodwill como KAM. Em sentido oposto, os resultados sugerem ainda que, é em entidades de maior dimensão ou com maior peso relativo do goodwill nas suas DFs, que o auditor tem maior tendência para identificar a imparidade do goodwill como KAM.
Since the year 2016, following the changes proposed to the audit report by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), it became mandatory for auditors of public interest entities to disclose Key Audit Matters (KAM). Given this context, and considering that goodwill is one of the fields in which the disclosure of KAM is more frequent, and given its importance in financial statements, the main goal of this study is to analyse the factors that influence the auditor?s decision to communicate the goodwill impairment as KAM, in firms in which the relative importance of this intangible asset is significant. To this end, a sample of 92 entities listed in the stock market indices of Germany - DAX 30 -, Belgium - BEL 20 -, Spain - IBEX 35 -, France - CAC 40 -, Netherlands - AEX- and Portugal - PSI 20 - at the 2017 fiscal year-end, is used. According to the formulated hypotheses, the results show that in high profitability firms or in those with strong corporate governance mechanisms, the auditor is less likely to disclose goodwill impairment as KAM. On the other hand, the results suggest that in firms of a larger size or with more relative importance of goodwill in their financial statements, the auditor is more likely to disclose goodwill impairment as KAM.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Ristic, Peric Tatijana. "The influence of the auditor-CFO relationship on the audit of goodwill impairment tests and possible write downs : A study of four Swedish listed companies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226787.
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The objective of IAS 36 is to guide a company on how to apply procedures to ensure that its assets are carried at no more than their recoverable amount. The standard IAS 36 is however obscure and full of gaps to be filled with assumptions made by the CFO. Considering the obscurity of IAS 36, the audit of goodwill impairment tests and possible write downs can have different outcomes depending on the relationship between the auditor and CFO. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating how the auditor-CFO relationship influences the audit of goodwill impairment tests and possible write downs. The primary data consist of eight semi-structured interviews with four auditor-CFO pairs, in four Swedish listed companies. The auditor- CFO relationship and related negotiations are found to highly influence the audit of goodwill impairment tests and possible write downs. The findings indicate that the respondents view the auditor-CFO relationship as being proactive. Depending on what role the auditor is ascribed in the relationship by the CFO, the goodwill impairment tests and possible write downs have a different outcome, where optimistic values of the impairment tests are either upheld by implementation of relevant strategies or write downs are conducted.
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Liliegren, Julie, and Frida Persson. "Family-centered intervention : Auditory Verbal Therapy - empowering caregivers of children with cochlear implants." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för neurovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-246545.
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The aims of this study were to examine a) whether the family-centered intervention method Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) has had an effect on the levels of empowerment of caregivers of children with CI; and b) whether the parents feeling most empowered have a continual habit of reading frequently with their child and have children who achieve higher scores on lexical-semantic tasks; c) whether the empowerment questionnaire “Att vara förälder” (“Being a parent”) is an appropriate assessment tool to evaluate intervention intending to empower the caregivers of children with hearing impairment. Vocabulary was used as a way to gauge the effectiveness of the method. Perceived empowerment of 23 parents was assessed with “Att vara förälder” (“Being a parent”) along with an informal conversation about the questionnaire. In addition, lexical-semantic ability of 11 children (age 5;1-11;8) was assessed with the BNT and the Semantic Feature Test for evaluation if the level of empowerment would affect vocabulary level. Overall the caregivers reported high levels of empowerment. Duration of intervention (range 6 months – 2 years or more) and levels of empowerment corresponded significantly positive. Further, a more active parent scored higher on empowerment than did the parent less active in intervention, as indicated by the self-reports. Qualitative data from the conversation revealed that many of the parents felt that the AVT intervention had helped them to feel more empowered. The results for lexical-semantic ability showed a large variability in the group, not significantly correlated to parents’ level of empowerment. The children older than eight years performed at stanine 5 and over on the BNT. The younger children did not score above stanine 4. In conclusion, the present study represents a first step towards applying empowerment as an instrument for the evaluation of family-centered intervention. Based on our results we argue that all children receiving a CI and their families would benefit from being provided with the possibility for prolonged intervention periods.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka a) om den familjebaserade interventionsmetoden Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) har haft effekt på känslan av empowerment hos föräldrar till barn med CI; och b) om de föräldrar med högst känsla av empowerment har som vana att ofta läsa för sina barn och har barn som presterar högt på testning av ordförråd; c) om enkäten ”Att vara förälder” är ett användbart verktyg för att utvärdera intervention som har som mål att öka känslan av empowerment hos vårdnadshavare till barn med hörselnedsättning. Bedömning av ordförråd användes som ett sätt att undersöka metodens effektivitet. 23 föräldrar fyllde i en empowerment-enkät ”Att vara förälder” och deltog sedan i ett informellt samtal med författarna till studien. Vidare bedömdes lexikal-semantisk förmåga hos 11 barn (ålder 5;1-11;8) med BNT och Särdragstestet med syfte att undersöka om nivån av empowerment påverkar ordförråd. Överlag hade vårdgivarna en hög känsla av empowerment. Interventions-längd (mellan 6 månader – 2 år eller mer) korrelerade signifikant positivt med empowerment. Därutöver framkom att den i interventionen mer aktiva föräldern erhöll ett högre resultat avseende empowerment, jämfört med den föräldern som varit mindre aktiv, enligt självskattningsdata. Kvalitativa data från det informella samtalet tydliggjorde att föräldrarna upplever att interventionen med AVT har förstärkt deras känsla av empowerment. Resultaten varierade stort vad gällde lexikal-semantisk förmåga, vilket inte korrelerade statistiskt med föräldrarnas nivå av empowerment. Barnen äldre än åtta år presterade stanine 5 eller över. De yngre barnen presterade inte över stanine 4. Sammanfattningsvis representerar denna studie ett första steg i ledet att implementera empowerment som ett utvärderingsinstrument i familjebaserad intervention. Baserat på resultaten i vår studie dras slutsatsen att alla barn som får CI skulle, tillsammans med sina familjer, gagnas av att få möjligheten till en långvarig familjebaserad interventionsinsats.
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Välimaa, T. (Taina). "Speech perception and auditory performance in hearing-impaired adults with a multichannel cochlear implant." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268172.
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Abstract This work was aimed at studying speech perception and auditory performance in the everyday lives of Finnish-speaking postlingually severely or profoundly hearing-impaired adults before and after receiving a multichannel cochlear implant. The association between the formal speech perception results and auditory performance in everyday life was also determined, and an effort was made to define how well a smaller sample represents the nationwide results. The patient series comprised a nationwide retrospective survey (N = 67), in which data on hearing level and word recognition were requested from the hospitals, and a prospective sample from the city of Oulu (N = 20), in whom hearing level, sentence, word and phoneme recognition and phoneme confusions were examined using standardised audiometric measures and formal speech perception tests in a study with a prospective repeated measure design. Categories of auditory performance in everyday life were assessed in both samples. The median sound field hearing level at frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz for the subjects in the nationwide survey one year after the switch-on of the implant was comparable to the level of mild hearing impairment. All the subjects achieved at least some open-set word recognition auditorily only (mean 71%, 95% CI 61-81%). The results in the Oulu sample were in line with the nationwide survey. A majority of the subjects (31/40) was able to understand conversation without speechreading one year after switch-on. Sentence recognition by the subjects in the Oulu sample improved most during the initial six months after the switch-on of the implant, whereas word and phoneme recognition improved steadily during the two-year follow-up period. Estimated average sentence recognition after two years was 89% (95% CI 71 to 106%), word recognition 73% (95% CI 58 to 87%), syllable recognition 53% (95% CI 42 to 63%), vowel recognition 80% (95% CI 68 to 92%) and consonant recognition 67% (95% CI 57 to 76%). Confusion of phonemes took place more in the direction a spectral energy distribution at higher frequencies. The association between auditory performance in everyday life and the formal speech perception tests was high (rs > 0.81, p < 0.0001). Systematic prospective assessment of speech perception with tests of differing difficulty is recommended for the follow-up of adult cochlear implant usersTiivistelmä Tämän työn tarkoituksena oli tutkia suomenkielisten, kielen oppimisen jälkeen vaikean tai erittäin vaikean kuulovian saaneiden aikuisten kuulon tasoa, puheen vastaanottoa ja kuulon toiminnallista tasoa monikanavaisen sisäkorvaistutteen avulla. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin myös, miten puheen vastaanottoa mittaavat testit kuvaavat selviytymistä arkipäivän elämässä sisäkorvaistutteen mahdollistaman kuulon avulla. Tarkoituksena oli myös määrittää, millä tavalla pieni otos edustaa kansallisia tuloksia. Tutkimuksessa on retrospektiivinen kansallinen otos (N=67) ja prospektiivinen Oulun otos (N=20). Kansallisessa otoksessa tiedot kuulon tasosta ja sanojen tunnistuskyvystä kerättiin yliopistosairaaloista koehenkilöiden sairauskertomuksista. Oulun otoksessa kuulon tasoa, sekä lauseiden, sanojen ja äänteiden tunnistuskykyä ja äänteiden sekoittuvuuksia tutkittiin audiometrian ja puheenvastaanottoa mittaavien testien avulla kahden vuoden seurannan aikana. Kuulon toiminnallista tasoa arvioitiin kuulon toiminnallisen tason luokituksella molemmissa otoksissa. Kansallisen otoksen koehenkilöiden kuulokynnysten mediaani äänikentässä sisäkorvaistutteella taajuuksilla 0,5, 1, 2 ja 4 kHz oli verrattavissa lievän kuulovian tasoon vuosi sisäkorvaistutteen käyttöönoton jälkeen. Kaikki koehenkilöt kykenivät tunnistamaan vähintään joitain sanoja pelkästään kuulonvaraisesti (keskiarvo 71 %, 95 %:n luottamusväli 61-81 %). Oulun otoksen ja kansallisen otoksen tulokset olivat yhteneväiset. Vuosi sisäkorvaistutteen käyttöönoton jälkeen suurin osa (31/40) koehenkilöistä pystyi keskustelemaan ilman huulioluvun tukea hiljaisessa ympäristössä. Oulun otoksen koehenkilöiden lauseiden tunnistuskyky parani eniten ensimmäisten kuuden kuukauden aikana. Sanojen ja äänteiden tunnistuskyky parani koko kahden vuoden seurannan ajan. Kaksi vuotta sisäkorvaistutteen käyttöönoton jälkeen, estimoitu keskimääräinen lauseiden tunnistusprosentti oli 89 % (95 %:n luottamusväli 71-106 %), sanojen tunnistusprosentti oli 73 % (95 %:n luottamusväli 58-87 %), tavujen tunnistusprosentti oli 53 % (95 %:n luottamusväli 42-63 %), vokaalien tunnistusprosentti oli 80 % (95 %:n luottamusväli 68-92 %) ja konsonanttien tunnistusprosentti oli 67 % (95 %:n luottamusväli 57-76 %). Koehenkilöt sekoittivat vokaaleja ja konsonantteja useimmiten spektraaliselta energialtaan läheisimpään suuremmille taajuuksille sijoittuvaan äänteeseen. Kuulon toiminnallisen tason luokituksen ja puheen vastaanottoa mittaavien testien välinen korrelaatio oli korkea (rs > 0.81, p < 0.0001). Sisäkorvaistutteen saavien aikuisten kuulon tason ja puheen vastaanottokyvyn systemaattinen seuranta vaikeudeltaan eritasoisten testien avulla on tärkeää monipuolisen kuntoutuksen suunnittelun tueksi
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Planchou, Clément. "Traitement auditifs non verbaux et troubles du développement du langage oral : perception et production musicales." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30034.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer si le déficit auditif des enfants dysphasiques est spécifique au domaine verbal et d’étudier les liens qu’entretiennent les habiletés verbales et musicales chez ces enfants. Nous avons testé 18 dysphasiques et des enfants au développement du langage typique (DLT) âgés de 7 à 12 ans. Dans la première étude, nous avons étudié leurs capacités de détection des syllabes dans des phrases chantées et parlées. Nos résultats ont confirmé les déficits de détection des syllabes chez les dysphasiques. Nous n’avons toutefois pas observé d’effet facilitateur du chant sur la détection des syllabes. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons exploré leur perception musicale à l’aide de la MBEMA (Peretz et al., 2013). Une part importante de ces enfants a montré des troubles de perception mélodique et rythmique. Une corrélation positive a été retrouvée entre les scores aux tests de perception rythmique et de conscience phonologique, étayant les liens entre le traitement temporel et la perception verbale chez les dysphasiques. Dans la troisième étude, nous avons exploré leurs capacités de chant avec une épreuve de reproduction de notes et de mélodies. Les dysphasiques montraient des troubles importants dans ces deux conditions. Des troubles de production et de perception musicale ont été mis en évidence chez la plupart des dysphasiques et les capacités de conscience phonologique semblaient liées au traitement temporel en musique. Ces résultats en faveur d’un déficit auditif plus global chez la plupart des dysphasiques suggèrent l’importance d’évaluer les capacités auditives non verbales dans la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique de ces enfantsThe aim of this thesis is to determine whether the auditory deficit of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is specific to verbal stimuli, and to examine the relation between language and musical abilities in these children. We tested 18 children with SLI and groups of children with Typical Language Development (TLD) aged from 7 to 12 years. In the first study, we examined syllable detection in sung and spoken sentences. Results confirmed the detection syllable deficit in children with SLI. However, we did not observe a facilitation effect of sung over spoken stimuli. In the second study, we explored musical perception abilities in the same children with the MBEMA (Peretz et al. 2013). Our results showed that a large proportion of the children with SLI present deficits in melodic and rhythmic perception. A positive correlation was found between scores in Rhythm and phonological awareness tasks, documenting a link between language and temporal processing in children with SLI. In the third study, we assessed singing abilities in children with SLI: we created a singing reproduction task and tested the pitch matching condition and the melodic reproduction condition. The SLI showed deficits for both conditions. These results suggested deficits in music perception and production in children with SLI for most of them and that development of phonological awareness abilities seems related to the auditory temporal processing in music. The findings seem to support the existence a more general auditory dysfunction in a majority of children with SLI emphasizing the relevance of systematically assessing nonverbal abilities for the diagnostic and rehabilitation of SLI
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Delgado, Sallent Cristina 1994. "Neural substrates of psychotic-like states and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of schizophrenia and subsequent rescue by antipsychotic drugs." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672990.
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Disruption of communication in brain circuits involving the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC) has been suggested to be a hallmark characteristic of schizophrenia. Therefore, a better understanding of the prefrontal-hippocampal neural basis of schizophrenia’s symptoms is essential for the development of new treatments. In the present thesis, we investigated the alterations of prefrontal-hippocampal circuits in the phencyclidine, acute and subchronic (sPCP), mouse model of schizophrenia and how some of these alterations can be recovered by antipsychotic drugs. We recorded neural activity in the PFC and HPC of C57BL/6J mice. Acute administration of PCP produces hypersynchronization and disrupted communication of PFC-HPC pathways that are recovered by atypical antipsychotic drugs. Furthermore, the sPCP-treated mice showed brain state alterations in gamma oscillations and theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling. Notably, auditory perception, working memory and long-term memory were profoundly impaired in sPCP-treated mice and were accompanied by disrupted prefrontal-hippocampal functional connectivity. Finally, the subchronic risperidone treatment was able to recover memory deficits, but was unable to restore the basal circuit dynamics.Una de las características distintivas la esquizofrenia, es la perturbación de la comunicación de los circuitos cerebrales que incluyen la corteza prefrontal (CPF) y el hipocampo (HPC). Por lo tanto, un mejor entendimiento de las bases neurales de los circuitos prefronto-hipocampales durante los síntomas de la esquizofrenia es esencial para el desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos. En esta tesis, hemos investigado las alteraciones en los circuitos prefrontal-hipocampales en un modelo de esquizofrenia en ratones basado en el tratamiento de fenciclidina, agudo o subcrónico (sPCP), y cómo estas alteraciones pueden ser recuperadas por antipsicóticos Para poder llevar esto a cabo, hemos registrado actividad neural simultáneamente en la CPF y HPC de ratones C57BL/6J. La administración aguda de PCP produce híper sincronización y perturba la comunicación de los circuitos prefronto-hippocampales. Estas alteraciones pueden ser recuperadas por antipsicóticos atípicos. Además, los ratones tratados con sPCP muestran alteraciones de circuito en las oscilaciones gamma y en el acoplamiento cross-frecuencia theta-gamma. Particularmente, el tratamiento sPCP perjudica la percepción auditiva, la memoria de trabajo y la memoria a largo plazo. Todas estas alteraciones van acompañadas de alteraciones en la conectividad funcional de los circuitos prefronto-hipocampales. Finalmente, el tratamiento subcrónico de risperidona es capaz de recuperar los déficits de memoria, pero es incapaz de restaurar las dinámicas prefronto-hipocampales basales.
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Queiroz, Marta Aparecida Martins. "A divulga????o da perda por impairment nas empresas brasileiras de capital aberto." FECAP - Faculdade Escola de Com??rcio ??lvares Penteado, 2011. http://132.0.0.61:8080/tede/handle/tede/482.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-25The current global scenario whose foundations are based on the economic globalization process has resulted in the need for companies to prepare their financial statements based on uniform standards to enable standardized accounting reports with the necessary homogeneity, thus providing the most efficient way the users needs for accounting information who have been facing several difficulties during the analysis of these reports, due to the diversity of models and information submitted. This situation got worse because of the increase of importance the accounting information has taken nowadays, as it has became a key source for decision taking in regard to the economic performance of companies. In this context, it was introduced in Brazil the process of convergence to international standards of accounting which has helped to end the asymmetry of accounting information. With Brazil's adherence to the convergence to these standards, one of the procedures is the realization of the impairment test, by means of CPC-01, issued by the Accounting Pronouncements Committee and approved by the Securities Commission with Resolution No. 527, which deals with the loss of the recoverability of assets. This rule provides that when an asset or group of assets is recorded by a value greater than the benefits it can provide, it should be recognized a value of loss in the income, denominating assets impairment loss. In this context the aim of this research is to analyze the compliance of impairment required by the CPC-01 and the position of the independent auditors in their assessments, in the absence of all or part of these requirements regarding the disclosure of the impairment loss on assets. From this on we build up the methodological procedures. First, we defined what are the requirements of the rule, founded upon the theoretical constructs of the research. We adopted a qualitative research. On that basis, we analyzed a sample composed of fifty-five companies which were listed in the IBOVESPA index over in the first quarter of 2010. Of these twelve showed impairment and measured. The Data collection took place by means of obtaining the financial statements of the years 2008 and 2009 published on websites of CVM, BOVESPA and also sites of the twelve companies which made the disclosure. The results show that six companies failed to comply with the requirements of disclosure asked by the CPC-01. In the reports of the independent auditors there are not reservations about this, because the auditors only point a Financial Statement if the omission is relevant to these criteria and varies according to the volume of a company's operations, concluding that there is still asymmetry in the accounting information despite efforts to standardize accounting. The results indicate that the compliance with the requirements for disclosure for the impairment loss laid in the CPC-01 occurred in a partial way in the majority of the companies surveyed.
O atual cen??rio mundial cujas bases se assentam no processo de globaliza????o econ??mica, resultou na necessidade de que as empresas elaborem suas Demonstra????es Cont??beis com base em normas uniformes, de modo a permitir relat??rios cont??beis padronizados e com a necess??ria homogeneidade, suprindo de forma mais eficiente ??s necessidades dos usu??rios da informa????o cont??bil, os quais t??m enfrentado diversas dificuldades durante a an??lise dos referidos relat??rios, em virtude da diversidade de modelos e informa????es apresentadas pelos mesmos. Tal situa????o agravou-se diante da import??ncia que a informa????o cont??bil passou a ter na atualidade, quando se tornou uma fonte fundamental para a tomada das decis??es referentes ao desempenho econ??mico das empresas. Nesse contexto, foi introduzido no Brasil o processo de converg??ncia aos padr??es internacionais de contabilidade, que tem contribu??do para acabar com a assimetria da informa????o cont??bil. Com a ades??o do Brasil ao processo de converg??ncia a estas normas, um dos procedimentos demandados ?? a realiza????o do impairment test, por meio do pronunciamento t??cnico CPC-01, emitido pelo Comit?? de Pronunciamentos Cont??beis e aprovado pela Comiss??o de Valores Mobili??rios com a Delibera????o n?? 527, que trata da perda de recuperabilidade dos ativos. Esta norma determina que quando um ativo, ou grupo de ativos est?? registrado por um valor maior que os benef??cios que ele pode proporcionar, devem-se reconhecer um valor de perda no resultado do exerc??cio, denominado perda por recuperabilidade dos ativos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo dessa pesquisa ?? analisar o cumprimento das normas de impairment exigidas pelo CPC-01 e a posi????o dos auditores independentes em seus pareceres, diante da aus??ncia, parcial ou total, do cumprimento dessas exig??ncias referentes ?? divulga????o da perda por recuperabilidade dos ativos. A partir disso, constru??ram-se os procedimentos metodol??gicos. Primeiramente, definiram-se quais as exig??ncias da norma, alicer??adas nos constructos te??ricos da pesquisa. Adotou-se a pesquisa qualitativa. Com essa base, analisou-se a amostra composta por cinquenta e cinco empresas que estavam listadas no ??ndice IBOVESPA no primeiro quadrimestre de 2010. Dessas, doze evidenciaram e mensuraram impairment. A coleta dos dados deu-se por meio de obten????o das Demonstra????es Cont??beis dos anos de 2008 e 2009 publicadas em sites da CVM, BM&FBOVESPA e tamb??m sites das doze empresas que realizaram a evidencia????o. Os resultados apontam que seis empresas n??o cumpriram com os requisitos de evidencia????o solicitados pelo CPC-01. Nos relat??rios dos auditores independentes n??o se encontram ressalvas sobre este assunto, pois os auditores somente ressalvam uma Demonstra????o Financeira se a omiss??o for relevante e estes crit??rios de relev??ncia variam de acordo com o volume de opera????es de uma empresa, concluindo-se que ainda h?? assimetria da informa????o cont??bil apesar dos esfor??os de padroniza????o cont??bil. Os resultados apontam que o atendimento ??s exig??ncias de divulga????o da perda por impairment dispostas no CPC-01 ocorreu de forma parcial na maioria das empresas pesquisadas.
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Santos, Elisandra dos. "Estudo das habilidades auditivas em crianças portadoras de deficiencia visual." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310942.
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Orientadores: Maria Francisca Colella dos Santos, Angelica Maria Bicudo ZeferinoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar o processamento auditivo de escolares portadores de deficiência visual (baixa visão e cegueira), além de caracterizá-los quanto aos aspectos sociais. Métodos: Avaliação de 30 crianças, sendo 15 do Grupo I, constituído por crianças portadoras de deficiência visual e 15 do Grupo II formado por crianças com visão normal, sem queixas auditivas e/ou escolares. Realizamos meatoscopia, audiometria tonal liminar, logoaudiometria e imitânciometria; além dos testes de Localização Sonora em Cinco Direções, Memória Seqüencial para Sons Verbais e Não Verbais, Fala com Ruído, Dicótico de Dígitos, Padrão de Duração e Randon Gap Detection Test. Resultados: Em relação à avaliação audiológica básica, no Grupo I, 3 (20%) escolares tiveram resultados alterados, enquanto 12 (80%) estavam dentro da normalidade. Já no Grupo II, todos os participantes apresentaram resultados normais. Na bateria de testes do Processamento Auditivo, o Grupo I apresentou 10 (66,6%) escolares com alteração e 4 (26,6%) dentro da normalidade , enquanto o Grupo II mostrou 6 (40%) escolares com resultados alterados e 9 (60%) normais. Conclusão: O Grupo I mostrou-se com desempenho desfavorável em relação ao Grupo II tanto na avaliação audiológica básica, como na bateria de testes do Processamento Auditivo. Quanto aos aspectos sociais, o Grupo I apresentou pior situação sócio-econômica quando comparado ao Grupo II, além haver uma tendência em ter maior número de pessoas na família e um significativo número de mães que são responsáveis apenas pelo trabalho doméstico e o cuidado com os filhos
Abstract: Objective: Analyze the auditory processing in children with visual impairment (low vision and blindness), in addition to characterize them according to social aspects. Methods: Thirty children were evaluated: 15 comprised Group I ¿ children with visual impairment; and 15 comprised Group II ¿ children with normal vision, without hearing and/or school complaints. The children underwent meatoscopy, pure tone audiometry, logoaudiometry and imitanciometry, as well as tests of sound localization from five directions, verbal and non-verbal sequential memory, speech in noise, dichotic digits, standard gap duration and Randon gap detection test. Results: Respecting the basic auditory evaluation, three (20%) students in Group I presented results altered, while twelve (80%) presented normal results. On the other hand, all participants in Group II presented normal results. Concerning the set of auditory processing tests, ten (66,6%) students in Group I presented alterations and four (26,6%) presented normal results; while six (40%) students in Group II showed results altered and nine (60%) presented normal results. Conclusion: The Group I performance was unfavorable in comparison to the Group II, either in the basic auditory evaluation or in the set of auditory processing tests. However, we could conclude that students with visual impairment do not present better hearing abilities when compared to students with normal eyesight
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
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Assensio, Cibele Barbalho. "Comunidade surda: notas etnográficas sobre categorias, lideranças e tensões." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-01032016-145531/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é empreender uma análise de um campo discursivo das práticas que conferem à surdez o estatuto de particularidade linguística e cultural. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa etnográfica em espaços caracterizados pela presença de sistemas de comunicação gestuais-visuais normatizados sob a forma da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS). Atentou-se também a aspectos históricos relativos à surdez e a formas disciplinares constitutivas da LIBRAS. Acompanhar o percurso de líderes surdos em espaços variados foi fundamental para revelar uma normatividade na qual a surdez é afirmada e performatizada em termos de língua e cultura. Ao mesmo tempo são constituídas tensões, disputas e lutas em torno dessa normatividade. Categorias identitárias, tais como cultura surda e comunidade surda, são constantemente mobilizadas por profissionais que atuam em defesa da libras e são referidas sobretudo a sujeitos classificados como surdos . Constatou-se, enfim, que líderes surdos ocupam posição de destaque ao atuarem como porta-vozes da coletividade linguística falante de libras.The objective of this work is to analyze a discursive field of practices that grants deafness a status of linguistic and cultural particularity. For this purpose, ethnographic research was conducted in spaces characterized by the presence of gestural-visual communication systems normalized in the form of the Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). Research on historical aspects regarding deafness and integral disciplinary forms of LIBRAS was also undertaken. Following the course of deaf leaders in varied spaces was crucial in revealing a normativity in which deafness is affirmed and performed in terms of language and culture. At the same time, tensions, disputes and struggles are formed around this normativity. Identifying categories, such as deaf culture and deaf community, are constantly mobilized by professionals that act in defense of LIBRAS and are referenced primarily in terms of subjects classified as deaf. Ultimately, it was determined that deaf leaders occupy a prominent position in acting as spokespeople for the linguistic collective of LIBRAS speakers.
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Donini, Talita Sunaitis. "A Utilização do potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável no processo de indicação de aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual em crianças com deficiência auditiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12092.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-22The implementation of Universal Newborn hearing screening aims at earlier diagnosis and intervention for hearing impaired children. The use of hearing aids is one of the most important elements of the intervention process focused on the development of oral language. Brainstem evoked auditory response - ABR using click or frequency specific tone bursts have limitations in terms of presenting the stimulus in free field. The use of Auditory Steady State Response- ASSR in early diagnosis and hearing aid evaluation has been referred in the literature and appears to be promising for obtaining minimal levels of response for children that are not able to give behavioral auditory responses, particularly aided responses in free field. The goal of the study was to discuss the responses of hearing impaired children obtained with ASSR in free field, within the different audiological procedures for verification and validation of the prescribed eletroacoustic characteristics of the hearing aids. Results on the ASSR of six children with severe hearing loss were analyzed . These children were enrolled at the Educational Audiology Program of at The Center for Hearing in Children at DERDIC- PUCSP, and were regular hearing aid users. All subjects had: pure tone audiometry and ASSR with phones and in free field aided and unaided. Correlations were obtained between different conditions in order to discuss the possible contributions of the ASSR in the evaluation of hearing aids benefit. There was a strong correlation between the response levels obtained in the aided free field audiometry and aided free field ASSR. The correlation was weaker under the earphone condition probably due to the degree of hearing loss of the subjects that participated in the study. There seems to be a good potential for the use of free field aided responses using SSR in clinical conditions as an additional information on hearing aid benefit
A implantação dos programas de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal têm o objetivo de promover ao diagnóstico da deficiência e a intervenção terapêutica fonoaudiológica o mais cedo possível. A seleção e adaptação de aparelhos de amplificação sonora (AASI) constituem parte importante do processo de intervenção dentro de uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento da linguagem oral. Os dados obtidos por meio dos registros do potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico com utilização dos estímulos clique e freqüência específica possuem algumas limitações na obtenção do registro. Desta forma, destaca-se o uso do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Estado Estável (PEAEEst) como um procedimento que possibilita obter limiares eletrofisiológicos em diferentes freqüências, de forma simultânea, o que reduz o tempo de teste e provê informações essenciais para a seleção e adaptação de AASI. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi discutir a utilização do registro do potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável em campo livre no processo de indicação de aparelhos de amplificação sonora para crianças com deficiência auditiva, como parte do conjunto dos procedimentos de verificação e validação das características prescritas.. Foram analisados os registros do PEAEEst de crianças e adolescentes usuárias de AASI atendidas pelo Serviço de Audiologia Educacional e pelo Centro Audição na Criança - DERDIC, portadores de deficiência auditiva de grau severo. Foram avaliados os resultados da audiometria tonal e potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável obtidos com fones e em campo livre com uso de amplificação. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente a fim de discutir as contribuições do uso do PEAEEst no processo de indicação de AASI de sujeitos com deficiência auditiva. Observamos que há correlação entre os achados da audiometria tonal em campo livre e o PEAEEst obtido em campo livre com AASI. Na comparação entre os registros obtidos na audiometria tonal e PEAEEst realizados com fones observamos menor correlação. Algumas características como grau e configuração da perda auditiva pareceram interferir no registro do potencial. A utilização clínica deste procedimento pode promover informações importantes sobre as respostas da criança com uso dos aparelhos de maneira objetiva
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Carlin, Josefin, and Sofia Andersson. "REVISORERS GRANSKNING AV GOODWILL." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11286.
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Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Efter införandet av IFRS standarder i Sverige har andelen redovisad goodwill ökat allt mer bland börsbolagen. Detta har resulterat i att allt fler investerare fäster större vikt vid goodwill och där en nedskrivning förmedlar väsentlig ny information till marknaden. Ett problem är dock att en nedskrivningsprövning innehåller flertalet komplexa bedömningar såsom identifiering av kassagenererande enheter och tillämpning av diskonteringsränta. Om företagen inte har den expertis som krävs kan det leda till orimliga värderingar. Det finns både interna och externa indikationer på när goodwillvärdet försvagas och då klientföretagen har en djupare intern information försvåras revisorns möjligheter vid granskning, vilket kan anses vara en stor börda för revisorn. Att goodwill ökat i omfattning och allt större fokus riktas mot posten, leder till att även granskningen av goodwill bör öka i betydelse för revisorer. Deras roll är att inge förtroende åt klientföretagens finansiella rapporter och motsvara samhällets normer och etiska synsätt. Därmed tilltar intresset att veta hur revisorer praktiskt går tillväga då de granskar en goodwillpost upprättad enligt IFRS regler. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva revisorns arbetsgång vid en granskning av goodwill upprättad enligt IFRS samt diskutera hur revisorns arbete påverkas av omständigheter i dess närhet. Målet är att studien ska kunna bidra till att intressenter av finansiella rapporter kan få en bättre förståelse för hur revisorn granskar goodwillposter. Metod: För att uppfylla studiens syfte valde vi att tillämpa en kvalitativ metod för att få en så djup förståelse för revisorers tillvägagångssätt som möjligt. Vi började med att undersöka vilka revisorer som granskat börsbolag med stora goodwillposter i förhållande till eget kapital. På detta sätt kunde vi avgöra vilka revisorer och revisionsbyråer som har stor erfarenhet av väsentliga goodwillposter. Sedan har intervjuer genomförts där revisorerna fått återge sitt tillvägagångssätt vid granskning av goodwill och dennes personliga uppfattningar kring ämnet. Slutsats: Theory of Practice har fungerat i syfte att hjälpa oss analysera den individuella revisorns praktiska tillvägagångssätt på ett djupare plan. Goodwillgranskning kan anses vara en problematisk situation där revisorn ständigt behöver utveckla sin kunskap för att kunna upprätthålla den viktiga roll revisorn har i företagsvärlden och samhället i stort. Studien visar att revisorerna högst motsägelsefullt tenderar att uppfatta goodwill som en komplex redovisningspost, samtidigt anser de att den inte är särskilt svår att hantera. Studien visade även att trots splittrade personliga åsikter om IFRS regler så agerar revisorerna på ett relativt enhetligt sätt då en goodwillpost granskas. Revisorns agerande påverkas av sina kollegors förväntningar men även klientföretagets förtroende. Den främsta förklaringen till dessa slutsatser är att revisionsbyråerna skapat kontroll över revisorernas tillvägagångssätt genom en uppbyggd organisationsstruktur med flera kunskapsintensiva stödfunktioner. Genom att bidra revisorerna med dessa resurser kan byråerna styra utvecklingen av ett gemensamt synsätt på hur ett problem ska lösas. Revisorerna ser stödfunktionerna som en kunskapskälla vilket inger en känsla av trygghet. Denna effektiva strategi leder till att kunskap sprids och underlättar revisorns granskningsarbete. Nyckelord: goodwill, IFRS, nedskrivning, revision, revisor, granskning, Theory of practice.Abstract Background: Following the introduction of IFRS standards in Sweden, the amount of goodwill has soared among listed companies. This makes investors pay more attention to goodwill and impairment gives substantial new information to the market. One problem is that impairment test contains several intricate assessments, such as the identification of cash generating units and the application of discount rate. If the companies don’t have the required expertise, it may lead to unreasonable valuations. There are both internal and external indications of goodwill impairment, where clients have access to more internal information than the auditor. This can be considered as a great burden for the auditor to overcome. Since goodwill, as an asset, has become more important this implies that review of goodwill should increase in importance for auditors. Their role is to increase trust in financial reporting and meet societal norms and ethics. Thereby, there is an increasing interest to understand how auditors review goodwill according to IFRS. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the auditor´s review procedures related to goodwill according to IFRS and to discuss how the auditor´s work is influenced by the circumstances in its vicinity. The objective of the study is to contribute with an increased understanding among stakeholders about the auditor´s review of goodwill. Method: In order to fulfill the purpose of this study, we chose a qualitative method to get as deep understanding of an auditors' approach as possible. We began by examining the auditors who audited the listed companies with large goodwill relative to shareholders’ equity. In this way, we could determine which auditors and audit firms that have best experience of goodwill items. After narrowing down the list we ask auditors to reproduce their approach and personal views of goodwill auditing through interviews. Conclusion: Theory of Practice has worked in order to help us analyze the individual auditor's practical approach on a deeper level. Goodwill review can be considered a problematic situation where the auditor continuously improve their knowledge in order to maintain the important task of the auditor have in the corporate world and society in general. Contradictory the study shows that auditors tend to recognize goodwill as a complex accounting item, but at the same time they do not consider that it is particularly difficult to manage. The study also shows that despite the fragmented personal views on IFRS rules the auditors acting in a relatively uniform manner as goodwill are reviewed. Auditor's behavior is influenced by their colleagues' expectations as well as the client company’s confidence in them. But the main explanation for these findings is that audit firms create control over the auditors approach through organization structure with a number of knowledge-intensive support functions. By contributing resources to the auditors, the audit firms are able to develop a common approach to how a problem should be solved. The auditors find the support functions as a knowledge source which inspires a sense of security. This determinacy leading to that knowledge distributes and facilitates the auditor's review. Keyword: goodwill, IFRS, impairment, accounting, audit, auditor, Theory of Practice
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Valdes, Elise Gabriela. "The Effects of Cognitive Training among Individuals with Neurodegenerative Diseases." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6422.
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With the growing older adult population, neurodegenerative diseases common in old age such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Parkinson’s disease (PD) are becoming increasingly germane areas of research. Pharmacological treatments have thus far been unsuccessful in treating cognitive decline associated with these neurodegenerative disorders. Alternative interventions, such as cognitive training programs, have shown promise. The current dissertation contains three papers examining cognitive interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. The first paper examined the longitudinal effects of cognitive speed of processing training (SPT) among those with PD. Results showed that training gains seen at initial post-test were maintained three months later. The second paper examined the effects of SPT among those with psychometrically-defined MCI and found small to medium effect sizes for improvements in everyday functional performance among those trained. The third paper examined the effects of auditory cognitive training among cognitively healthy older adults and those with psychometrically-defined MCI and found that effects may differ between those with and with MCI. Overall, these papers show that training effects can be maintained longitudinally and may potentially transfer to everyday functioning in those with neurodegenerative diseases. However, not all cognitive training programs show benefits in all areas, and individuals with differing cognitive statuses may benefit differentially from cognitive training. Future research should further explore the longitudinal effects of these training programs as well as the possibility of transfer to untrained abilities.
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Hoshii, Lia Auer. "Estudo do potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência em um grupo de crianças deficientes auditivas usuárias de aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual: estudo de caso." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12285.
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Previous issue date: 2010-07-30Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Introduction: Recent scientific studies use Long-Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials in order to measure the developmental status and plasticity limits of central auditory pathways. Goal: To study Long-Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials outcomes in hearing impaired children wearing hearing aids and personal sound amplification devices. Method: Case studies of five subjects, male and female, diagnosed with mild to profound neurosensory hearing loss, ages ranging from seven to 19 years old. The subjects were submitted to Long-Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials and Cognitive Potential (P300). The latency of components P1, N1, N2, P2 and P300 were analyzed. Prior evaluations consisting of inspecting the external acoustic meatus, tympanometry and pure tone audiometry were performed. Four of the subjects performed the Long-Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials only once. One subject performed the test twice, since he was discharged from speech therapy and stopped using the hearing aids for five months. Results: It was possible to measure the components P1, N1, P2, N2 and P300 for all subjects. Subject 1 presented delayed latency for components P1, N1 and P2 on the right ear, and no response for P1 and N1 on the left ear. Subject 2 presented no response for component P1 bilaterally. Subject 3 presented delayed latency for components P2 and N2 on the right ear and no response for P1 on the left ear. Subject 4 presented delayed latency for N2 and P300 on the right ear. Subject 5 presented delayed latency for components N1 and N2 bilaterally, for P2 on the left ear and no response for P1 on the right ear. The second test collected showed a delay in almost all components of the Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials, except for N1 and P2 on the right ear. Conclusions: It is possible to perform Long-Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials in hearing impaired children who wear hearing aids and personal sound amplification devices from the age of 8 years. Degree of hearing loss, lack of systematic use of personal sound amplification devices, and long term sound deprivation can affect the results of Long-latency Auditory Evoked Potentials., and consequently the neural plasticity process
Introdução: Estudos recentes na área da audição utilizam o registro dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos como forma objetiva de mensurar o status do desenvolvimento e os limites da plasticidade das vias auditivas centrais, por meio dos Potenciais Auditivos de Longa Latência. Objetivo: Estudar os resultados dos Potencias Evocados Auditivos de Longa Latência em crianças deficientes auditivas usuárias de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual. Método: Consiste no estudo de caso de cinco sujeitos os quais apresentavam deficiência auditiva neurossensorial de grau leve a profundo, do sexo masculino e feminino, na faixa etária de sete a 19 anos. Os sujeitos deste estudo foram submetidos ao registro do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência e Potencial Cognitivo, denominado P300. Foram analisadas as latências dos componentes P1, N1, N2, P2 e P300. Previamente ao registro dos potencias evocados de longa latência foram realizadas a inspeção do meato acústico externo, timpanometria e audiometria tonal. Resultados: Foi possível registrar os componentes P1, N1, P2, N2 e P300 em todos os sujeitos. Dessa forma, o sujeito 1 apresentou latência aumentada para componentes P1, N1, P2 à direita e P1 e N1 ausentes à esquerda. O sujeito 2 apresentou apenas o componente P1 ausente bilateralmente. O caso 3 apresentou aumento das latências dos componentes P2 e N2 à direita e ausência do P1 à esquerda. No sujeito 4 foi registrado aumento das latências N2 e P300 à direita. E para o sujeito 5 aumento das latências dos componentes N1 e N2 bilateralmente, P2 à esquerda e ausência do P1 à direita. Em seu segundo exame, foi registrado um aumento em quase todos os componente do PEALL, com exceção N1 e P2 à direita. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a perda auditiva teve relação com os resultados do componente P1 registrado nos sujeitos deste estudo. Parecendo assim, que quanto maior o grau da perda auditiva, maior é a latência deste componente. Já os outros componentes N1, P2, N2, parecem ter relação com a quantidade de estimulação que o sujeito recebe, ou seja, quanto à sistematicidade de estimulação auditiva. Quanto menos o sujeito usou AASI, mais alterado se deu o registro destes potenciais. Conclusões: Concluiu-se que é possível a realização do registro dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Longa Latência em crianças deficientes auditivas usuárias de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual a partir dos oito anos de idade. Fatores como grau da perda auditiva, a não sistematicidade na utilização do aparelho de amplificação sonora individual e um longo tempo de privação auditiva parecem afetar os resultados dos Potencias Evocados Auditivos de Longa Latência, o que nos sugere um efeito na plasticidade das vias auditivas centrais
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Nascimento, Leandra Tabanez do. "Programa computacional de ensino de habilidades auditivas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2834.
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Previous issue date: 2007-09-19There is a great need to guarantee more access of the hearing impaired to hearing rehabilitation, specially their participation in auditory training programs (teaching of hearing behavior). Teaching computer programs which can be utilized by professionals, to guide and support the rehabilitation, and by the hearing impaired themselves and their family members, to perform home activities, are an alternative. This study aimed at applying and assessing a teaching program for the hearing recognition of words and sentences in the speech-to-noise ratio (SNR) of +10 dB. Four children with profound neurosensorial hearing impairment and one child presented mild to profound neurosensorial hearing impairment with neuropathy/auditory dyssynchrony, in the age range 7-9 yrs, able to read and write, all with pre-lingual hearing impairment and users of cochlear implant with full insertion of electrodes, presenting some ability in open-set speech recognition, were selected. The teaching procedure utilized the task known as matching to sample, that is, during the teaching tasks, a dictated word or sentence was presented as a model stimulus, and three written words or sentences were presented, as a comparison stimulus. The recognition of a set of 45 words and 45 sentences in the +10 dB SNR was taught, and to present the tasks, a modification of software Mestre and a notebook were used. The hearing recognition of dissyllabic words and sentences in silence and in the +10 dB SNR was assessed before and after the teaching. Four out of the five participants presented an increase in the indexes of words and phonemes recognition in silence and all participants presented an increase in the indexes of words and phonemes recognition, in the +10 dB SNR and in the indexes of sentence recognition, in silence and in the +10 dB SNR, after participating in the teaching program. Based on matching to sample, this program favored the emergence of the hearing behavior to recognize words and sentences, in the +10 dB SNR, in those participating in the program. The teaching program showed to be effective for the teaching of hearing abilities to children presented with pre-lingual hearing impairment, users of cochlear implant.
Há uma grande necessidade de garantir maior acessibilidade dos deficientes auditivos à reabilitação auditiva, principalmente a participação em programas de treinamento auditivo onde ocorre o ensino do comportamento de ouvir. Uma alternativa são os programas computacionais de ensino, que podem ser utilizados tanto pelos profissionais, para nortear e apoiar a reabilitação, como pelos próprios deficientes auditivos e familiares, para realização de atividades em casa. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver, aplicar e avaliar um programa de ensino do reconhecimento auditivo de palavras e sentenças na relação S/R +10 dB. Foram selecionadas quatro crianças com deficiência auditiva sensorioneural profunda e uma criança com deficiência auditiva sensorioneural de leve a profunda com neuropatia/dessincronia do nervo auditivo, na faixa etária de 7 a 9 anos, todas com deficiência auditiva pré-lingual, usuárias de implante coclear com inserção total dos eletrodos, apresentavam alguma habilidade de reconhecimento de fala em conjunto aberto e estavam alfabetizadas. O procedimento de ensino utilizou a tarefa conhecida como escolha de acordo com o modelo, ou seja, durante as tarefas de ensino, uma palavra ou sentença ditada, foi apresentada como estímulo modelo e três palavras ou sentenças escritas, como estímulo comparação. Foi ensinado o reconhecimento de um conjunto de 45 palavras e 45 sentenças na relação S/R +10 dB. Para a apresentação das tarefas foi utilizado uma modificação do software Mestre e um notebook. O reconhecimento auditivo de palavras dissílabas e sentenças no silêncio e na relação S/R +10 dB foi avaliado antes e após o ensino. Quatro, dos cinco participantes, apresentaram um aumento nos índices de reconhecimento de palavras e fonemas no silêncio e todos os participantes apresentaram um aumento nos índices de reconhecimento de palavras e fonemas, na relação S/R +10 dB e nos índices de reconhecimento de sentenças, no silêncio e na relação S/R +10 dB, após a participação no programa de ensino. O procedimento de ensino, baseado na tarefa de escolha de acordo com o modelo, favoreceu a emergência do comportamento de reconhecimento auditivo de palavras e sentenças, na relação S/R +10 dB, nos participantes do programa. O programa de ensino mostrou-se eficaz, para o ensino de habilidades auditivas, para crianças com deficiência auditiva pré-lingual, usuárias de implante coclear.
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Bordeau, Camille. "Développement d’un dispositif de substitution sensorielle vision-vers-audition : étude des performances de localisation et comparaison de schémas d’encodage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/32b91892-b42f-4d42-bf10-0ad744828698.
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Les dispositifs de substitution sensorielle vision-vers-audition convertissent des informations visuelles en un paysage sonore dans le but de permettre de percevoir l’environnement à travers la modalité auditive lorsque la modalité visuelle est altérée. Ils constituent une solution prometteuse pour améliorer l’autonomie des personnes déficientes visuelles lors de leurs déplacements pédestres. Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif principal de déterminer et d’évaluer un schéma d’encodage pour la substitution sensorielle permettant la perception spatiale 3-dimensionnelle en proposant des protocoles de familiarisation et d’évaluation dans des environnements virtuels plus ou moins complexes. Le premier objectif était de déterminer si la reproduction d’indices acoustiques pour la perception spatiale auditive était plus efficace que l’utilisation d’autres indices acoustiques impliqués dans des interactions audio-visuelles. La première étude a mis en évidence que la modulation de la hauteur tonale dans le schéma d’encodage permettait de compenser en partie les limites perceptives de la spatialisation pour la dimension de l’élévation. La deuxième étude a mis en évidence que la modification de l’enveloppe sonore pouvait permettre de compenser la perception compressée de la distance. Le deuxième objectif de ce travail de thèse était de déterminer dans quelle mesure le schéma d’encodage utilisé préservait les capacités de perception spatiale dans un environnement complexe composé de plusieurs objets. La troisième étude a mis en évidence que les capacités de ségrégation d'une scène visuelle complexe à travers le paysage sonore associé dépendaient de la signature spectrale spécifique des objets la composant lorsque la modulation de la hauteur tonale est utilisée comme indice acoustique dans le schéma d'encodage. Les travaux de cette thèse ont des implications pratiques pour l’amélioration des dispositifs de substitution concernant, d’une part, la possibilité de compenser les limites perceptives spatiales avec des indices acoustiques non-spatiaux dans le schéma d’encodage, et d’une autre part, la nécessité de réduire le flux d’informations auditives pour préserver les capacités de ségrégation du paysage sonore. Les protocoles de familiarisation et d’évaluation en environnement virtuel ayant été développés de sorte à être adaptés à la population déficiente visuelle, les travaux de cette thèse soulignent le potentiel des environnements virtuels pour évaluer précisément les capacités d’utilisation de dispositifs de substitution dans un contexte contrôlé et sécuriséVisual-to-auditory sensory substitution devices convert visual information into soundscapes for the purpose of allowing the perception of the environment with the auditory modality when the visual modality is impaired. They constitute a promising solution for improving the autonomy of visually impaired people when traveling on foot. The main objective of this thesis work was to determine an encoding scheme for sensory substitution allowing 3-dimensional spatial perception by proposing familiarization and evaluation protocols in virtual environments with different complexities. The first aim was to determine whether the reproduction of acoustic cues for auditory spatial perception was more effective than the use of acoustic cues involved in audio-visual interactions. The first study demonstrated that the modulation of pitch in the encoding scheme could partly compensate for the perceptual limits of spatialization for the dimension of elevation. The second study showed that the modification of the sound envelope could partly compensate for the compressed perception of distance. The second objective was to determine to what extent the determined encoding scheme preserved spatial perception abilities in a complex environment where several objects were present. The third study demonstrated that the segregation capabilities of a complex visual scene through the soundscape depend on the specific spectral signature of the objects composing it when pitch modulation is used as an acoustic cue in the encoding scheme. The work of this thesis has practical implications for the improvement of substitution devices concerning, on the one hand, the possibility of compensating spatial perceptual limits with non-spatial acoustic cues in the encoding scheme, and on the other hand, the need to reduce the amount of auditory information to preserve the segregation abilities of the soundscape. The familiarization and evaluation protocols in a virtual environment having been developed to be adapted to the visually impaired population, the work of this thesis highlights the potential of virtual environments to precisely evaluate the abilities to use sensory substitution devices in a secure context
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Fortes, Paula Couto. "Satisfação de pais de crianças deficientes auditivas quanto ao desenvolvimento auditivo e de linguagem: construindo indicadores de qualidade em um serviço de saúde auditiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12226.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-19Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Introduction: Parental satisfaction with auditory and language development of their hearing impaired children can be an important factor in constructing quality indicators of intervention process. Goals: To describe and discuss parental satisfaction with auditory and language development of their hearing impaired children during the periodical follow up process within a high complexity service within the public health system, aiming at raising aspects related to quality indicators. Method: Twenty hearing impaired children less than three years of age, their parents and therapists participated in the study. All children were diagnosed and received their hearing aids at the Center for hearing in children CeAC, in the city of São Paulo. Data were collect using: children s files, an interview guide for parents, Questionnaire for satisfaction, and a parental involvement scale used by clinicians to assess the family. Results: Most parents were satisfied with auditory skills development, but not satisfied with language development. Hearing aids were the most recalled factor related to child s development. Length of time in intervention had a negative moderate relation with parental satisfaction with language development. Regarding the clinicians, the majority was satisfied with auditory skills of the children but was also not satisfied with language development. Hearing aids, intervention and family were the most recalled factor related to child s progress. Conclusion: Results indicate that there is a need to work with parents within the therapeutic process, regarding their hopes, needs and expectations regarding auditory and language development of their hearing impaired children
Introdução: A literatura tem apontado que a satisfação de pais de crianças deficientes auditivas em relação ao desenvolvimento auditivo e de linguagem pode ser fundamental para a construção dos indicadores de qualidade quanto aos objetivos da intervenção terapêutica. Objetivo: Descrever e discutir a satisfação de pais e/ ou responsáveis por crianças com deficiência auditiva quanto ao desenvolvimento auditivo e de linguagem no processo de acompanhamento de um serviço de saúde auditiva de alta complexidade e de buscar instrumentos para avaliar a satisfação com serviços de saúde voltados para crianças com deficiência auditiva. Método: Participaram do estudo 20 crianças deficientes auditivas abaixo de três anos, seus pais e/ou responsáveis e suas terapeutas, diagnosticadas e que receberam a concessão do AASI no Centro Audição da Criança (CeAC), na cidade de São Paulo/SP. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Prontuários dos sujeitos; Roteiro de entrevista para pais; Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil ; Questionário de satisfação e avaliação da família pelas terapeutas das crianças deficientes auditivas e Escala de Envolvimento Familiar. Resultados: A maioria dos pais está satisfeita com o desenvolvimento de habilidades auditivas das crianças, porém, também a maioria está insatisfeita com o desenvolvimento de linguagem. O AASI foi o fator mais mencionado como contribuinte ou não para o desenvolvimento de audição e de linguagem das crianças. O tempo de terapia teve relação significativa com a insatisfação dos pais. Em relação às terapeutas a maioria apresentou satisfação em relação à audição das crianças; porém, também a maioria referiu insatisfação quanto ao desenvolvimento de linguagem. Os fatores AASI, terapia e família foram considerados principais por elas para o desenvolvimento auditivo e de linguagem. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que existe a necessidade de envolver os familiares no processo terapêutico, trabalhando seus desejos, suas necessidades e expectativas quanto ao desenvolvimento auditivo e de linguagem das crianças deficientes auditivas
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Ekwall, Axel, and Linnea Holm. "The relation between human-to-human interaction and human-to-tablet interaction in a neurocognitive test." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239868.
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Our lives become longer with new advancements in medicine and technology. As a result, cognition and memory impairments will become a growing concern[23]. To be able to treat cognitive decline, dementia and related diseases, the need for early detection of memory deficiencies increases. This study aimed to validate the use of a new digital interaction version of a common memory test, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), compared with norm from the traditional human-to-human interaction version of the same test. This was performed through userstudies with both test versions in a counterbalanced order. The results consisted of quantitative results from the tests together with qualitative data from interviews with the participants in connection to each test occasion. The results showed a slight difference in some aspects of the quantitative test results, but at the same time, no significant difference for most of the measured results. Further, the interviews demonstrated that the differences in interaction and experience between the versions of the tests could be the reason for some of the differences in the quantitative result. The conclusion from this study was that there are many difficult problems to solve for speech interfaces in neurocognitive tests like the RAVLT. In line with previous research [22], the results highlight the importance of a natural speech interaction that conforms with the basic principles of human conversation, to create a stress-free experience and test results that can be reliable and comparable.
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Åhman, Evelina, and Felicia Eklund. "Företagsförvärvad goodwill : Hur revisorer förhåller sig till nedskrivningsprövning enligt IFRS." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19661.
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Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för hur revisorer reviderar goodwillposten gällande företagsförvärvad goodwill i svenska noterade bolag och hur revisorer förhåller sig till nedskrivningsprövning enligt IFRS. Studiens syfte är även att undersöka vad revisorer anser om de tre faktorerna neutralitet, väsentlighet samt revidering som grund för framtida beslutsfattanden och hur dessa tre faktorer påverkar revideringen. Den metod som använts är en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en kombination av en induktiv och deduktiv ansats. Den empiriska undersökningen har gjorts utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer och dessa utfördes övervägande med auktoriserade revisorer. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats och återkopplats till tidigare forskning för att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor. Studien visar att goodwill är ett omdiskuterat ämne på grund av att posten är svår att värdera samt att det är svårt att separera övriga immateriella tillgångar från goodwill. Studien visar även att revisionsbevis är en viktig del i revisionsprocessen. Gällande nedskrivningsprövning enligt IFRS visar studien att regelverket är komplicerat och att det därmed kräver kompetens och förståelse. Med detta konstateras att tydligare regelverk och riktlinjer skulle vara fördelaktigt. Resultaten från studien visar att revisorerna anser ej att agera neutralt i sin bedömning är ett problem och att detta anses vara en förutsättning för att utöva yrket. Gällande goodwillpostens väsentlighet visar studien att postens storlek är avgörande samt att det ej finns någon fastställd modell vid bedömning av väsentlighetstal. Studien visar även att revidering av goodwillposten bidrar med kvalité och tillförlitlighet till årsredovisningarna. Reviderade årsredovisningar är därmed viktigt för investerarnas framtida beslutsfattanden. Ett förslag till vidare forskning är att utföra en liknande studie med ett större urval samt komplettera denna med företagens synvinkel av hur de arbetar med nedskrivningsprövning enligt IFRS.The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how auditors should audit existing goodwill in Swedish listed companies and how the auditors relate to impairment test under IFRS. The study's purpose is also to investigate what auditors consider about the three factors - neutrality, substantial and auditing as a basis for future decision-shaping process and how these factors influence the auditing. The method used is a qualitative research method with a combination of inductive and deductive approach. The empirical investigation was made based on semi-structured interviews and these were conducted predominantly with certified public auditors. The empirical data have been compared to previous research in order to answer the research questions. The study shows that goodwill is a debated topic due to the record is difficult to value and that it is difficult to separate other intangible assets from goodwill. The study also shows that the statement of qualifications is an important part of the audit process. Applicable impairment according to IFRS study shows that the regulatory framework is complicated and that it therefore requires expertise and understanding. This shows that clearer rules and guidelines would be beneficial. The results of the study show that the auditors do not think that acting neutral in their assessment is a problem and that this is considered a prerequisite for the exercise of the profession. Existing goodwill substantial study shows that the record size is crucial, and not see any fixed model when assessing materiality speech. The study also shows that the auditing of goodwill contributes to quality and reliability to the financial statements. Audited financial statements are thus important for investors ' future decision shaping process. A suggestion to further research is to conduct a similar study with a larger sample and supplement this with enterprise point of view of how they work with impairment testing under IFRS.
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HSIANG, KUO JUEI, and 郭瑞香. "The Auditory and Communication Behavior of Students with Hearing Impairments." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04495207168990466731.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
特殊教育學系碩士班
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The purpose of the current study was to develop the Auditory Behavior and Communication Behavior questionnaire to assess parental perceptions of their hearing impaired children's auditory and communication behavior. The 58-item questionnaire was intended to assess auditory communication, environmental awareness, and communication skills. Parents of 285 students with hearing impairments graded 1 to 6 with varying degrees of hearing loss (mild-profound) completed the questionnaire. In addition, parents of 1688 students with normal hearing graded 1 to 6 also completed the questionnaire to provide normalization data for comparing with hearing impaired students’ performance. The internal consistency reliability indicated by Cronbach's alpha ranged from .85 to .96. The test-retest reliability coefficient ranged from .96 to .99. In addition, the association between subscales and whole questionnaire was found to be highly related. Moreover , the scores obtained from the questionnaire also evidenced to be able to discriminate between students with hearing impairments and students with normal hearing. Finally, the results indicated that hearing impaired students’ auditory and communication behavior were not affected by the factors of hearing loss level, the age that hearing loss was identified, grade level, SES, early intervention experience, and assistive listening device used.
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LIN, CHENG-HUANG, and 林政煌. "Auditor Tenure,Assets Impairment and Earnings Management." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75562788890239920557.
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碩士輔仁大學
會計學系碩士班
104
The goal of this study is aimed at exploring the effect of Auditor Tenure on theassets impairment induced by earnings management.The sample of this studyconsists of firms listed on the Taiwan Security Exchange Corporation and Gretai Securities Market in Taiwan during 2005-2014. Following Chi et al.(2009), this study uses auditor tenure to conduct the empirical test. The empirical results are as follows: 1. Some part of assets impairment is indeedinduced by earnings management, including taking a big bath, income smoothing, IPO and management change. 2. The auditor with longer tenure can constrains the assets impairments induced by taking a big bathor management change. 3. This study also conducts a number of sensitivity tests and gains similarempirical results.
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Hou, Chiu-Ju, and 侯秋如. "Auditors’ Industry Specialization, Assets Impairment and Audit Fees." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85358463835096397462.
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碩士輔仁大學
會計學系碩士班
97
This study is focused on exploring the influence of auditors’ industry specialization and their clients’ assets impairment on audit fees. The sample is composed of listed firms with disclosure of the audit fees under the certain conditions required by The Executive Yuan's Financial Supervisory Commission Securities and Futures Bureau from 2002 to 2007. This study predicts that auditors with industry expertise are more competent and can conduct high quality audits, which let they can charge higher audit fees from their clients. Besides, auditors need to devote much effort and more time to implement assets impairment checks and result in charging higher audit fees from their clients. Following Krishnan (2003), this study uses sales-based market shares to proxy auditor’s industry specialization. The empirical results provide solid supports to the predictions of this study.