Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Auditory hallucinations'
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Novic, Melissa. "Metacognitions in auditory hallucinations." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for samfunnsvitenskap og teknologiledelse, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11737.
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Introduction: Auditory hallucinations are a commonly experienced phenomenon. Theories have been devised in order to help explain how and why this phenomenon occurs, some attributing its occurrence to stressful life events, other explaining it as originating from misattributed thoughts. This study tested the relation between patients who experience auditory hallucinations and their pattern of metacognitions and thought strategies. Method: 12 participants suffering from auditory hallucinations from different parts of Norway were assessed by following instruments: categories of worry (AnTI), metacognitions (MCQ-30), strategies for thought control (TCQ), beliefs about auditory hallucinations (BAVQ-R) and metacognitions with regard to auditory hallucinations (MCQ-VH). Results: Results revealed that participants scored high on positive and negative meta-beliefs in regard to auditory hallucinations. There was further an association between measure of meta-worry as indicated by AnTI and interpretation of voices as indicated by BAVQ-R Earlier research on coping with voices had proposed that distraction was used by voice hearers who cope poorly. Correlational analyses found no relation between beliefs about malevolence and omnipotence of voices and distraction, although participants used distraction as a thought control strategy in order to cope with their voices. Conclusion: This study indicates that metacognitions might be an important factor in perpetuating auditory hallucinations and the discomfort this experience entails. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Ven, Vincent Gordon van de. "Connectivity and auditory verbal hallucinations." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2006. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6557.
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Mcguire, Philip Kevin. "Functional neuroimaging of auditory hallucinations." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286719.
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Morris, Eric. "Psychological flexibility and auditory hallucinations." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/psychological-flexibility-and-auditory-hallucinations(866c675d-d57c-4642-bfb2-9d49c7d9b7e4).html.
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The Psychological Flexibility Model describes a process-oriented approach to behaviour change that underpins Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a contextual cognitive behavioural intervention. ACT promotes psychological flexibility, which refers to a person’s ability to connect with the present moment fully as a conscious human being (mindfulness and non-judgemental acceptance), and to change or persist with behaviour that is in line with identified values. For people distressed and/or disabled by auditory hallucinations, it is theorised that this experience is responded to in a psychologically inflexible manner: becoming a target for avoidance, control or focus, appraised as more powerful than the person experiencing the voices, and leading to actions that come at the cost of engaging in chosen life directions. Previous research on coping, cognitive models and mindfulness interventions for voice hearing point to the possibility that promoting active acceptance and changing the relationship with voices may be associated with better outcomes. This thesis investigates the role of psychological flexibility with voice hearing using correlational, single-case and experimental research designs. The first study in this thesis investigated the relationship of psychological flexibility and mindfulness with distress, disability, and behavioural responses to voice hearing, using self-report questionnaires in a sample of 50 distressed voice hearers. The findings suggest that psychological flexibility and non-judgemental acceptance, over and above appraisals of voices and thought control strategies, is related to voice hearers’ levels of general depressive and anxiety symptoms, and behavioural resistance to voices, but not to engagement with voices, voice-related distress or life disruption. The second study reports the findings of a 10-session ACT intervention for eight distressed voice hearers using multi-baseline single case design, assessing whether outcome changes following ACT are concomitant with increasing psychological flexibility. Following ACT there were group-level improvements in depressive symptoms, quality of life and social functioning, with changes in psychological flexibility (non-judgemental acceptance, independent action from voices). The third study involved 110 non-clinical participants experiencing simulated auditory hallucinations in an experimental analogue, and investigated differences in response following training in a regulation strategy (acceptance, reappraisal or suppression). This study did not show any significant differences between groups; the potential explanations for this lack of expected difference include the features of simulated voices, sample characteristics, and participants’ degree of adherence to the coping strategy. The findings of these studies are considered within the broader context of emotional wellbeing with voice hearing, functional approaches to understanding responding to voices, and potential implications for clinical and research directions.
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Kramer, Sarah. "Language and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349434/.
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Historically, and more recently, language has been considered as a key feature in the description of schizophrenia. However, there is widespread dissatisfaction with currently available descriptions. In this study, a linguistic model is used to develop objective and comprehensive measures of the language of twelve individuals with schizophrenia as compared with twelve individuals without mental illness. The measures are shown to have high intra- and inter-rater reliability. Moreover, they are suitable for clinical practice due to the limited training required for their use, and the ease of administration of these measures. In the literature on schizophrenia, it is proposed that language and auditory hallucinations may be related. Within the study, rhis relationship is investigated, with a finding of a number of correlations between measures of language as developed earlier in the study and aspects of study participants' hallucinatory experiences. Possible cognitive explanations for the findings are discussed. Due to the significance of the linguistic difficulties and hallucinations for persons with schizophrenia, the linguistic measures developed earlier in the study are used as a basis for a therapy programme. Therapy is described for two of the study participants. The participants are shown to benefit from therapy as demonstrated in their improvement on the linguistic measures at the end of the therapy programme and in the comments by participants themselves as well as staff working with them. Participants retained some of the benefits at reassessment six weeks post therapy. It is proposed that the measures developed in the study provide the basis for the description of spontaneous discourse samples of persons with schizophrenia and possibly related disorders. It is also suggested that these measures are potentially useful as a basis for hypothesis-driven therapy for the linguistic difficulties described in persons with schizophrenia.
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Westacott, Mark Conway. "An investigation of psychological factors underlying auditory hallucinations." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296872.
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Haddock, Gillian. "Auditory hallucinations : cognitive processes, phenomenology and psychological treatment." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240522.
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Shergill, Sukhwinder Singh. "Studies of auditory hallucinations using functional magnetic resonance." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/studies-of-auditory-hallucinations-using-functional-magnetic-resonance(50e75d39-a466-4032-bedd-9f5ed74d254b).html.
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Trayman, Sara. "The experience of therapists working with clients who hear voices : an interpretative phenomenological study." Thesis, Regent's University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646049.
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My research question arose from my first therapeutic experience with a client who hears voices. I felt unprepared and uncertain about how to work with her. I wondered how other therapists experienced working with clients who hear voices. These are voices heard with no physical origin, experienced as real and which psychiatry typically describes as hallucinations. This research provides an empirical account of the individual lived experiences of seven therapists undertaking such work using an interpretative phenomenological analysis. These seven participants were recruited using snowballing emails and included four counsellors, a psychotherapist, a nurse therapist and a counselling psychologist working in various settings. The literature points to which therapeutic approaches are most useful and identifies an important role for Counselling Psychology. There is no research which explores the experience of therapists working with clients who hear voices or what it is like for them to work with such clients. The main body of the research literature focuses on what it means for people to hear voices and how therapists can help them cope. I was interested in the impact this has on the therapist and the therapeutic relationship and what the unique aspects of this work might be. The analysis gave rise to six superordinate themes which were; 'Questioning their competence', 'Relational experience of the work', 'Struggles and difficulties', 'Sense of reality and the unknown', 'Surviving and coping' and Characteristics of client and voices'. These themes are explored in the findings section and discussed in relationship to the extant literature. In gaining this phenomenological perspective this research offers an insight into some of the difficulties of work with this client group. These insights propose a useful contribution towards continuing professional development training courses, initial training programmes, guidelines for supervision and understanding of the impact on therapeutic practice.
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Watkins, Victoria. "Auditory hallucinations : beliefs about voices and perceptions of threat." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31198.
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Objectives: There were two aims of the present study. The first aim was to explore the relationship between participants' belief about the malevolent and benevolent intentions of their hallucinatory voice and the relationship to beliefs about threat. This aim was intended to examine the relationship between two cognitive models of auditory hallucinations presented by Chadwick and Birchwood (1994) and Morrison (1998). These models both implicated beliefs about voices and misinterpretations as a central feature in individuals' responses to their voices. The second aim was to further investigate Morrison's (1998) model, which proposed a relationship between beliefs about threat and the use of safety behaviours.;Design: The study was a correlational design, prompted by the exploratory nature of the study. The following measures were used: 'Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire-Revised' (BAVQ-R; Chadwick, Lees and Birchwood, 2000); Semi-structured safety behaviour interview (Morrison & Nothard, in press) - adapted for the study; an adapted emotional Stroop test and a visual analogue scale were both used to assess for threat.;Results: Strong relationships were found between threat and malevolence and threat and benevolence, which suggested that as ratings of threat increased then malevolence scores increased and benevolence scores decreased. A strong relationship was found between threat and frequency of safety behaviour use, indicating that as threat increased then frequency decreased. Finally, a strong relationship was found between threat and ratings of distress if the safety behaviour could not be used, which suggested that as threat then distress also increased.;Conclusions: The researcher concluded that the two cognitive models had identified related beliefs in malevolence and threat and these relationships were worthy of further exploration, perhaps with a view to integrating the two models. The relationship between threat and safety behaviours was partially supported, but it is recommended that the function of the safety behaviour be explored in relation to threat, to define behaviours which serve to avoid the threat from those that help to challenge the threat.
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Nazimek, Jadwiga Maria. "Behavioural and neural correlates of auditory expectation and their implications for understanding auditory hallucinations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3375/.
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Normal perception relies on predictive coding, in which neural networks establish associations among stimuli and form predictions of expected input. When the actual stimulus does not match the prediction (i.e. it is unexpected) a signal called prediction error is generated. Prediction error modifies expectation and allows correct perception of external sounds. The work presented here investigated the mechanisms of auditory predictive coding in healthy individuals that might relate to abnormal auditory predictions in auditory hallucinations. A task with pairs of associated stimuli was developed in order to induce learning of relationships between visual cues and auditory outcomes. Whilst the majority of the auditory stimuli were presented within the learnt associations (i.e. they were expected), the minority appeared in mismatched pairs (i.e. they were unexpected). It was hypothesised that auditory outcomes that violate the expectation would evoke increased response time and neural activity compared with those that match expectation. Auditory expectation as induced in the task employed in this work had only a trend-level effect on response time. Functional MRI studies revealed that unexpected, compared with expected, sounds and silences evoked increased activation in the left middle temporal gyrus. Unexpected sounds, but not unexpected silence, versus those expected, evoked greater activation in the left superior temporal gyrus. The increased response to unexpected, compared with expected, sounds and silences, suggests that left superior and middle temporal gyri are involved in processing auditory stimuli that do not match expectation, i.e. generating auditory prediction error. These findings suggest that the superior and middle temporal gyrus perform different functions in integrating sensory information with predictive signals during auditory perception. The results are discussed in terms of a model of auditory predictive coding in normal perception, and suggest how this model may help explain the occurrence of auditory hallucinations in clinical populations.
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Vaughan, Samantha. "Exploring the relationships between the voices that people hear and the voice-hearer : investigating the usefulness of a new measure of relating." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327209.
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鄭泰然 and Tai-yin Cheng. "A phenomenological study of auditory verbal hallucination in psychosis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192961.
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Introduction: Patients of schizophrenia experienced a cluster of symptoms known as psychosis, which were concurrent phenomena presented across multiple psychopathological dimensions, among which hallucination was one of the principal features. Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) was the most common among other modalities (i.e. visual, olfactory, gustatory and tactile) of hallucinations and was said to occur when audible voices were heard without presence of corresponding stimuli. There were two main neurocognitive hypotheses on the underlying mechanism of the occurrence of AVH, namely the inner speech hypothesis and the top down processing hypothesis. Existing descriptive psychopathology studies were not guided by any theoretical frameworks. This study was the groundwork to examine experiences of AVH as described by patients with psychosis and other psychiatric conditions based on these two major hypotheses.
Method: This study was a retrospective case series. Comprehensive searches of AVH cases were done on biomedicine and psychology databases, in which case reports, case studies and studies with detailed descriptions of phenomenology of AVH with various aetiologies, a total of twenty cases, were selected. Four in-depth qualitative interviews were also conducted with psychosis patients for in-depth understandings of their AVH phenomena experiences.
Result: Three specific features from the two neurocognitive hypotheses were identified. (1) Form of address, (2) linguistic complexity, and (3) command hallucinations were likely interpreted by inner speech hypothesis; whereas (1) single theme and repetitive contents, (2) relations with past experience/knowledge/perceptual expectations, and (3) congruent moods were likely interpreted by top down processing bias hypothesis.
Discussion: This study has categorized AVH phenomena from twenty literature cases and four in-depth qualitative interview cases by specific features of the two mainstream hypotheses; and commented on each of the specific features on their relevancies to the two mainstream hypotheses. Conceptualisation of underlying neurocognitive mechanisms could made taxonomy easier, and as a result benefit clinical staging, better prediction of prognosis and better communications with patients and their families.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Paul, Sonja Nichole. "Interpretations of auditory hallucinations in psychotic and Christian comparison groups." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427587.
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Peloian, John H. "Voices Subjective| Understanding the Experience of Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3604015.
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Throughout history, experiencing auditory hallucinations has been described as highly complex and personal. Although early research was conducted in attempts to understand the process and phenomenology of auditory hallucinations, in more recent years the ontological understanding of auditory hallucinations has evolved into inconclusive neural explanations, cognitive models of pathology and psychopharmacological treatments. Despite their importance, these avenues of inquiry attempt to ameliorate auditory hallucinations as a symptom rather than understand the experience for the hearer. In order to re-visit the experiential importance, this qualitative and phenomenological dissertation explored a deeper understanding of the lived experience of auditory hallucinations in the schizophrenic individual using a psychoanalytic (i.e. Lacanian) framework.
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Ackland, Jill Anne. "Justifying voices : the discursive basis of attributions in auditory hallucinations." Thesis, University of East London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307481.
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This study describes, within a Discourse Analytic Framework, how a small group of individuals who hear voices, explain and account for their experiences. An analysis of the explanations they gave during individual interviews with a psychologist, illustrate the varied and functional nature of their accounts, within the context of the interviews themselves and the wider social context. The study identified a number of discourses from which the participants commonly drew their accounts, and illustrated how various themes from these were combined, in an attempt to justify their experience of hearing voices. The participants' constructions of the voices as "real" were complex; their accounts do not support the "cognitive" model which emphasizes the role of "abnormal beliefs" and "expectations", regarding the "internal" and "external" nature of experience. Individuals' attributions were understood within the context of their identity as users of psychiatric services and the predominance of the "mental illness"/"madness" discourses.
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Proctor, Julie. "Auditory hallucinations and the presence of depression in chronic schizophrenia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1377.
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This exploratory study examined the predictive relationship among the dimensions of auditory hallucinations and the presence of depression in chronic schizophrenia. Forty seven out-patients from the Inner City Community Mental Health Service participated, all of whom had a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia and reported experiencing auditory hallucinations. The measures included the Calgary Rating Scale fur Schizophrenia, the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire and three questions relating to insight into auditory hallucinations from the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight-Expanded Edition. Consistent with other reports, the present study found a prevalence of depressive symptoms in over 40% of the sample. All of the dimensions of auditory hallucinations together accounted for 42% of the variance in depression scores but there was no salient individual dimension that could account for a significant proportion of the variance. It was concluded that other factors, not just auditory hallucinations, are likely to have a role in determining the presence of depression in chronic schizophrenia.
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Suryani. "Chaotic soul - messy heart : the phenomenon of experiencing auditory hallucinations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61003/1/Suryani_Thesis.pdf.
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Globally, it is estimated that 24 million people live with schizophrenia (WHO, 2008), while 1.2 million people have been diagnosed with schizophrenia in Indonesia. Auditory hallucinations are a key symptom of schizophrenia according to the DSM IV-TR (Frances, First, & Pincus, 2002). It is estimated that the prevalence of auditory hallucinations in people with schizophrenia range from 64.3% to 83.4% (Thomas et al., 2007). Until recently, the majority of studies were conducted in Western societies the primary focus of which, has been on the causes and treatments of auditory hallucinations (Walton, 1999) and on the biological and cognitive aspects of the phenomenon (Changas, Garcia-Montes, de Lemus & Olivencia, 2003). While a few studies have explored the lived experience of people with schizophrenia, there is little research about the experience of auditory hallucinations. Therefore, the focus of this study was on an exploration of the experience of auditory hallucinations as described by Indonesian people living with schizophrenia. Based on the available literature, there have been no published qualitative studies relating to the lived experience of auditory hallucinations as described by Indonesian people diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Husserlian descriptive phenomenological approach was applied in explicating the phenomenon of auditory hallucinations in this study. In-depth audio-taped interviews were conducted with 13 participants. Analysis of participant transcripts was undertaken using Colaizzi.s (1973) approach. Eight major themes were explicated: Feeling more like a robot than a human being - feeling compelled to respond to auditory hallucinations; voices of contradiction - a point of confusion; a frightening experience, the voices emerged at times of loss and grief; disruption to daily living; tattered relationships and family disarray; finding a personal path to living with auditory hallucinations; seeking relief in Allah through prayer and ritual.
Experiencing auditory hallucinations for people diagnosed with schizophrenia is a journey of challenges as each individual struggles to understand their now changed life-world, reconstruct a sense of meaning within their illness experience, and to carve out a pathway to wellness. The challenge for practitioners is to learn from those who have experienced auditory hallucinations, to be with them in their journey of recovery and wellness, and to apply a person-centered approach to care within the context of a multidisciplinary team.
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O'Neill, Bridgette. "Hearing voices : a psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264845.
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Fielding, Smith Sarah. "An ecological examination of proximal psychological mechanisms related to the experience of, and therapy for, distressing voices." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/72326/.
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Voice hearing (or auditory verbal hallucinations) is a commonly reported experience across a range of psychiatric diagnoses, and is often associated with high levels of distress and disruption to everyday functioning. Many people troubled by voices see little benefit from antipsychotic medication, prompting attempts to understand and target psychological mechanisms underlying both the emergence of voices and associated distress. Research to date has typically adopted a cross-sectional approach, identifying factors associated with the tendency to hear distressing voices. However, less is known about the ‘proximal' mechanisms associated with fluctuations in voices and distress during the daily lives of voice hearers. Psychological therapies for distressing voices have demonstrated limited success in reducing voice-related distress, and it is suggested that a better understanding of the proximal mechanisms underlying voices may facilitate advancements in these interventions. The studies within this thesis utilise the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach that allows the intensive, ‘micro-longitudinal' sampling of voice hearing experiences in the natural contexts in which they are experienced. First, ESM is used to investigate the antecedent and modulating roles of stress and dissociative experiences in voice hearing (N=31). Next, the role of behavioural responses and voice appraisals in the maintenance of voice-related distress during daily life are explored (N=31). Then, a data-based illustration of the potential of ESM for delineating key psychological mechanisms underlying gains in psychological interventions for distressing voices is provided (N=2). Finally, factors associated with stress-induced depersonalisation as a proximal mechanism for voice hearing are explored (N=29). Current findings support the role of depersonalisation as a mediator in the observed relationship between daily life stress and increases in voice intensity. Findings additionally support a role for negative voice appraisals in the experience of momentary voice distress, and a role of behavioural responses in maintaining both distress and voice appraisals over time. Preliminary evidence was obtained for a range of processes involving changes in voice appraisals and emotional reactivity potentially underlying therapeutic gains during cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. These findings encourage a greater focus of interventions on targeting mechanisms associated with daily life voice hearing and associated distress, including stress-induced depersonalisation, negative voice appraisals, and maladaptive behavioural responses to voices. They also suggest a parallel use for ESM as a means of enhancing treatment efficacy within the context of psychological interventions.
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Hardie, Julie. "Auditory hallucinations : an investigation of associated trauma, dissociative and schizotypal factors." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24676.
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The current study aimed to explore how trauma, dissociation and schizotypy are associated with auditory hallucinations within clinical and non-clinical populations. The study used a cross-sectional design with clinical and non-clinical groups. Forty-four individuals were recruited into the study and assigned to a psychosis group, an emotional disorder group or a healthy volunteer group. All participants completed measures of auditory hallucinations (severity and predisposition), alongside measures of trauma (the Trauma, History Questionnaire), dissociation (the Dissociative Experiences Scale), and schizotypal cognitions (the Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions). Between group analysis indicated significant differences between groups on the measures of trauma, dissociation and schizotypal cognitions. The psychosis group reported significantly greater scores on the depersonalisation and derealisation subcomponent of dissociation and schizotypal cognitions than the emotional disorder group and healthy volunteer group. Across the three groups, correlation analysis indicated that trauma, dissociation and schizotypal cognitions correlated significantly with predispositions to auditory hallucinations, whilst dissociation, schizotypy and emotional abuse correlated significantly with severity of auditory hallucinations. Of the factors measured, the depersonalisation and derealisation subcomponent of dissociation and schizotypal cognitions were found to predict predisposition to auditory hallucinations, whilst depersonalisation and derealisation was found to predict severity of auditory hallucinations. Results confirm the significant association of trauma, dissociation and schizotypal cognitions with auditory hallucinations and indicate the depersonalisation and derealisation, and schizotypal cognitions are specifically important in the development of auditory hallucinations. These findings may have theoretical implications for understanding the cognitive processes involved in psychosis and clinical implications for the treatment of auditory hallucinations within clinical settings.
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Kochuparampil, Priya Rose. "The impact of auditory hallucinations on the caregiving relationship in psychosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-auditory-hallucinations-on-the-caregiving-relationship-in-psychosis(0203f54b-a96a-4bd3-9990-bf4495cfea3e).html.
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Background: Auditory verbal hallucinations are common symptoms in psychosis conditions and will be distressing and persistent for many people. Though we are developing an improved understanding of their presentation in service users, far less is known about their impact on informal carers. Objectives: This study examines whether the presence of auditory verbal hallucinations in service users uniquely influences carers’ appraisals of caregiving and the illness, and impact on their affective functioning, coping style and experience of stigma. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design. Carers (n = 52) were recruited from dedicated carer services attached to psychosis community mental health teams. The sample included 26 carers of service users who hear voices, and 26 carers of service users who do not hear voices. Participants completed self-report measures on their experience of caregiving, illness beliefs, affective disturbance and avoidant coping. Results: Overall, 35 - 60% of carers reported clinical levels of affective disturbance. Higher levels of carer distress were associated with service user difficulties unrelated to psychosis symptomatology. In direct comparisons, carers of voice hearers perceived their relatives to have more severe symptoms of psychosis compared to carers of service users who do not hear voices. No other significant hypothesised differences were found between the groups. An unexpected finding was that carers of those who do not hear voices perceived a greater need to back up the service user compared to carers of those who hear voices. Conclusions: The findings support previous literature documenting elevated mood and stress related disorders in carers of people with psychosis. However they offer minimal support, in the current sample, for the hypotheses that auditory verbal hallucinations differentially impact upon carers’ experiences, illness beliefs, affective states and levels of avoidant coping. The findings underscore the importance of a needs-based framework for improving carer interventions, over a specific approach for voice hearing. Clinical implications and areas for future research are discussed.
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Waters, Flavie. "Cognitive dysfunction underlying auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia : a combined-deficits model." University of Western Australia. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0047.
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[Truncated abstract] Auditory hallucinations are some of the most distressing and disabling symptoms of schizophrenia. However very little is known about the exact processes responsible for auditory hallucinations. The aim of this thesis is to provide a new perspective on the nature of the cognitive deficits underlying auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. As a preliminary study to the investigation of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia, a factor analysis of a measure of hallucinatory predisposition, the Launay- Slade Hallucination Scale-Revised (Bentall & Slade, 1985), was carried out on data from a large sample of undergraduate students (N = 562). An overlap in characteristics between hallucinatory-like experiences in normal individuals and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia should draw attention to factors that are important to the hallucinatory experience in general. One of the findings from this study was that intrusiveness is a commonly reported characteristic of hallucinatory-like experiences in normal individuals. Intrusiveness is also one of the defining features of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Since the process of inhibition is essential for suppressing unwanted thoughts, the first set of two studies using patients with schizophrenia (N = 43) investigated the presence of an (intentional) inhibition failure in auditory hallucinations using the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT; Burgess & Shallice, 1996) and the Inhibition of Currently Irrelevant Memories Task (ICIM; Schnider & Ptak, 1999). It was found that auditory hallucinations were linked to a deficit in intentional inhibition as measured by these tasks. The process of inhibition was further investigated using the Affective Shifting task, but auditory hallucinations were not associated with a deficit on this task. Possible differences in the inhibitory demands of the HSCT, ICIM and Affective Shifting tasks are discussed.
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Goebel, Rainer. "Visual illusions and auditory hallucinations scanning the neural correlates of perception /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Maastricht University ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2000. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=12675.
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Wise, Michael John d1969. "Mad science : discourses of 'schizophrenia'and 'therapy' for hearing voices /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20041221.95451.
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Taylor, Katherine Newman. "Examination of the role of agency in individuals responses to auditory hallucinations." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264841.
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Whited, Willie W. "The subjective experience of auditory hallucinations in African American alcohol dependent clients." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1994. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/606.
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This study has the purpose of measuring three variables which were hypothesized to be related to the subjective experience of auditory hallucinations in African American, alcohol dependent clients. The sample for this study consisted of thirty—one African American individuals (twenty males and eleven females) who were selected from 150 African Americans based on homogeneity on prescreen admission logs. The logs were obtained from the records of a metropolitan Atlanta crisis intervention service. Each case of the sample was previously diagnosed with the alcohol dependent syndrome. An instrument consisting of sixteen questions was employed and utilized to check off the answers provided by archival records (progress notes). The scores from the list were analyzed to determine the percentages and correlations of all hypotheses. The findings of the study demonstrated that there were statistically significant relationships in regards to the percentages in all three hypothesized variables. The dependent variable, auditory hallucination, did not show statistically significant correlations with the independent variables, namely auditory hallucinations, in alcohol dependent African Americans; marital status in the incidence of alcoholic auditory hallucination and employment status in the occurrence of auditory hallucinations. The pattern of percentages showed that the relationship was in the predicted direction; however, the pattern of correlations were not as anticipated.
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Nasim, Abu Muhammad. "Using Refutation Texts to Change Attitudes and Knowledge Concerning Auditory Verbal Hallucinations." Thesis, Fordham University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10813433.
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The general public harbors misconceptions about mental illnesses; particularly, auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). Misconceptions about the causes, dangerousness, and treatment of mental illnesses constitute barriers for treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a neurobiological refutation text was more effective than a neurobiological expository text in changing knowledge and attitudes concerning AVHs. A MANOVA determined that the refutation text was not statistically different than the expository text in changing knowledge of AVHs [F(2, 95) = 0.982, p = 0.428]. Another MANOVA determined that the refutation text was not statistically different than the expository text in changing attitudes towards a person in a vignette with severe AVHs [F(2, 95) = 2.553, p = 0.083]. A bimodal distribution was observed in participants? level of contact with persons with severe mental illness. Supplemental analyses indicated that participants who read the expository text and reported high levels of contact endorsed significantly lower levels of social distancing behaviors towards the person in a vignette [t(47) = 1.983, p = .053, d =.57]. Participants who read the refutation text and reported low levels of contact attributed significantly less attitudes of fear and anger [t(41) = 2.664, p = .011, d =.82], and endorsed significantly lower levels of social distancing behaviors [t(41) = 2.829, p = .007, d =.87]. A refutation text may be more effective than an expository text in changing attitudes concerning AVHs, when a participant?s misconceptions of persons with severe mental illness are formed through observations and various forms of media.
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Castillo, Melanie M. "Metacognitive Beliefs, Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Predisposition to Auditory Hallucinations in College Students." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1510306577388116.
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Smith, Allan Charles. "Mindfulness, metacognition and the treatment of auditory hallucinations (voices) : single case studies design." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399837.
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Wahass, Saeed H. "A cross-cultural study of auditory hallucinations of schizophrenic patients: phenomenology and treatment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483978.
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Casson, John Witham. "Dramatherapy and psychodrama as psychotherapeutic interventions with people who hear voices (auditory hallucinations)." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392564.
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Close, Helen. "Developing a theory of the emotional impact of auditory hallucinations : an exploratory study." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57614/.
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This research examines recent developments in the cognitive model of auditory hallucinations ("voices") in people with psychoses. Following the research of Chadwick and Birchwood (1994), data are presented on the behavioural, cognitive and affective responses to persistent voices of thirty participants with psychoses. After testing the reliability of their interview, data is then compared to that of the Chadwick and Birchwood (1994) sample. In addition, the research aimed to develop the cognitive model of the emotional impact of voices by examining further possible associations with participants' self-evaluations, hypothesising that these evaluations are associated with the affective response. The cognitive assessment of voices shows reasonable inter-rater and test re-test reliability. Compared to the Chadwick and Birchwood (1994) sample, the present sample had a greater proportion of negative affective responses to voices. regardless of their beliefs about the voices' benevolence or malevolence. Participants in this sample were less likely to endorse the voices' omnipotence or omniscience. Similarities were shown in behavioural responses and factors reported as proof of the voices' potential power. Although it was not possible to explore the associations between the content of voices, affective responses, self-evaluations and distress due to a preponderance of negative affective responses in this sample, nevertheless, it was possible to describe these responses. Participants in this sample had a predominantly negative content to their voices. Those who were able to access a personal meaning were found to have, predominantly, negative personal meanings, low self esteem and moderate distress as measured by standardised instruments.
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Moseley, Peter William. "Cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying auditory verbal hallucinations in a non-clinical sample." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11039/.
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Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are the experience of hearing a voice in the absence of any speaker. Cognitive models of AVHs have suggested that they may occur when an internal mental event, such as inner speech, is misattributed to an external source. This has variously been explained by reference to biases in self-monitoring, source monitoring, or reality discrimination processes. Evidence suggests that, mechanistically, this may be related to atypical functioning of a forward model system which usually predicts the outcome of self-generated actions, attenuating activity in sensory cortices to the resulting perceptual input. At a higher level, excessive vividness and low cognitive effort associated with internal mental events may be associated with external misattributions of inner speech. Chapter 1 reviews inner speech models of AVH, as well as recent attempts to reduce the frequency of AVHs using neurostimulation. Chapter 2 then provides a methodological overview of techniques used in this thesis. The first two empirical studies presented in this thesis, in Chapters 3 and 4, explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying AVHs by investigating the associations between self-reported hallucination-proneness and phenomenology of inner speech, and performance on source monitoring and self-monitoring tasks, in a non-clinical, student sample. The results indicated that hallucination-prone participants were more likely to misattribute self-generated auditory verbal imagery, both when instructed to generate imagery and when they retrospectively reported using imagery. Regression analysis also indicated that a tendency to use dialogic inner speech, biased performance on reality discrimination and self-monitoring tasks, and a tendency to perceive meaning in jumbled speech independently predicted hallucination-proneness. The studies presented in Chapters 5 and 6 investigated the neural basis of performance on auditory signal detection and source monitoring tasks using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Results indicated that modulating activity in the superior temporal gyrus/temporoparietal junction (STG/TPJ) affected the number of false perceptions on the signal detection task. However, stimulation to the left STG or medial prefrontal cortex did not affect performance on a source monitoring task. These results indicate that different cortical regions may be involved in the two tasks, and hence that they may reflect different aspects of how self-generated actions are experienced as such. Together, the four experimental chapters 1) provide evidence for inner speech accounts of AVH, 2) indicate the need for a more complex account of self-monitoring and reality discrimination in which both are seen as independent predictors of AVHs, and 3) suggest that the left STG plays a key role in reality discrimination, but less so in source monitoring tasks (at least in the encoding stage). The thesis concludes with a general discussion of these issues, and recommendations for future research.
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Brothwell, Sarah. "Voices, abuse and dissociation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327251.
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Varese, Filippo. "Voices, conflict and personal goals : a Perceptual Control Theory perspective on auditory verbal hallucinations." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/voices-conflict-and-personal-goals-a-perceptual-control-theory-perspective-on-auditory-verbal-hallucinations(c0510fac-d99f-4787-8c82-de3fd9e17426).html.
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Hallucinations are often considered a sign of psychotic illness, but are also common in other diagnostic groups and individuals without mental health problems. This thesis uses Perceptual Control Theory (PCT), a cybernetic model which explains behaviour and cognition in terms of control processes regulating ongoing perception according to internally represented goals, as a theoretical framework to understand hallucinations. First, a theoretical/conceptual paper (Paper 1) examines how PCT provides an integrated account of (i) the mechanisms responsible for the formation of hallucinations, (ii) their phenomenological heterogeneity, (iii) the interaction between these mechanisms and environmental factors that might contribute to the formation of hallucinations, and (iv) the processes leading to different affective reactions to hallucinatory experiences (e.g. distress). The main implications of this model are discussed in the context of pertinent theoretical and empirical literature, and relevant clinical and research implications are considered. Second, this thesis includes an empirical investigation (Paper 2) examining two PCT-informed hypotheses in a cross-section of 22 clinical and 18 non-clinical individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations (“hearing voices”), namely (i) that the content of voices will be thematically linked to the participants’ personal goals, and (ii) that affective reactions to voices will depend on the extent to which voices facilitate and/or interfere with important personal goals. The analysis revealed that 82.5% of participants reported voices that thematically matched at least one of their reported goals. As predicted, affective reactions to voices were strongly associated with measures of interference and facilitation of goals, even when controlling for important covariates (e.g. participants’ history of mental health difficulties; voices’ content, frequency and duration).Finally, a critical evaluation is provided (Paper 3), where the methodological strengths and limitations of the work presented in the present thesis are discussed with the aim to reflect on the research process, and inform future investigations into the topics considered in this thesis.
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Marshall, Catherine Ruth. "Coping with hearing voices : a repertory grid study." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7440.
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Hearing voices is a well researched experience, found in both schizophrenia and the general population. Previous research investigating the unusual experience has reinforced cognitive psychology concepts such as beliefs, power, core beliefs about the self, intent and identity. It has been suggested that these factors all mediate individual coping with the experience. Coping with voices is a clinically significant area of research pioneered by Romme and Escher and requires careful consideration. Kelly‘s Personal Construct Psychology and the repertory grid technique were used in the study to compare two ways of coping with voices: engaging and resisting coping. The groups were compared on the repertory grid measures of construed distance between the self and the voice, salience of the self and voice, and tightness of the overall construct system. In a sample of 18 voice hearers, the Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire- Revised (BAVQ-R), a measure of psychological distress (OQ45.2) and Kelly‘s repertory grid were administered. The study also used three case examples and content analysis of construct poles applied to the dominant voice and the self as coper to supplement the quantitative analysis with a more in-depth exploration. Resisting coping was found to be associated with a greater construed distance between the self and the voice, a more salient view of the voice, and a tighter construct system. However, neither resisting nor engaging coping was associated with psychological distress. In addition, voice malevolence was associated with distancing oneself from the voice, suggesting that distancing was an adaptive coping strategy used, possibly as a way to preserve selfhood. The study therefore added to the list of mediating factors between the voice hearing experience and the coping strategy adopted. As a result, the repertory grid showed some scope in assessing the three areas of interest. The findings suggest that clinically, voice hearers can best be supported by adopting the appropriate relational approach with the voice (closeness or distance), reducing the salience of the voice and moving through Kelly‘s Creativity and Experience Cycle.
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Fairbank, Sarah. "Is a susceptibility to experiencing auditory hallucinations in childhood associated with reality monitoring biases?" Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427190.
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Wong, Samantha. "A systematic review and empirical study investigating cognitive and social models of voice-hearing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-systematic-review-and-empirical-study-investigating-cognitive-and-social-models-of-voicehearing(8f1adcd1-4210-40ff-bcb8-9e68154ea279).html.
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This thesis is comprised of three papers. Paper 1 presents a systematic review on the evidence for the relationship between appraisals of auditory verbal hallucinations and voice-related distress in psychosis. A literature search was conducted using the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase and Pubmed. Twenty-four studies were identified that satisfied inclusion criteria for the review. Several types of appraisals were found to be associated with distress in voice-hearers: malevolence, control, power, origin of voices and benevolence beliefs. Evidence for an association was particularly strong for malevolence and control appraisals, indicating that these may be important to target in interventions. Overall findings generally supported that modification of voice appraisals, particularly malevolence, power and control appraisals, in cognitive therapy is associated with a reduction in voice-related distress. Paper 2 presents an experimental study which explored whether people who are exposed to stressful material are more likely to report hearing voices when they are not present (i.e. false alarms). Factors that may predict or moderate voice-hearing were also explored. A non-clinical sample (N = 130) completed measures of trauma history, hallucination proneness, dissociation, affect and attachment styles, before being allocated to view pictures depicting stressful interpersonal scenarios or pictures with neutral interpersonal scenarios. Participants then completed a voice detection task. False alarms were recorded as a proxy measure of voice-hearing. Participants in the stressful group reported significantly higher levels of stress than in the neutral group. No differences were found in false alarms. Physical abuse history and depersonalisation significantly correlated with false alarms. This study indicates that people with physical abuse history and dissociative tendencies may be more vulnerable to hearing voices; clinically, these factors should therefore be assessed. However, findings of this study should be interpreted tentatively due to lack of diversity within the sample. Paper 3 is a critical reflection of the systematic review, the empirical paper and the research process as a whole. Strengths and limitations of the presented research are discussed as well as directions for future research.
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Appelberg, Alexandra, and Amanda Lydell. "Upplevelser av hörselhallucinationer vid schizofreni : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4787.
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Bakgrund: Schizofreni är en psykossjukdom med hög suicidrisk. Det vanligaste symtomenet vid schizofreni är hörselhallucinationer som kan upplevas både i positiv och negativ anda. Det råder stigmatisering kring sjukdomen där kunskapsbrist och rädsla för personen tros ligga till grund. Syfte: Att beskriva vuxna personers upplevelser av hörselhallucinationer vid schizofreni. Metod: Litteraturöversikten baserades på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar där nio av dem hade en kvalitativ ansats och tre med kvantitativ ansats. Dessa artiklar hämtades från databaserna CINAHL Complete, PubMed och PsycINFO. I databaserna användes följande sökord: hallucination, voice hearing, psychosis, patient, life, hearing voices, nursing, people who hear voices, auditory hallucinations, schizophrenia och experiences. Resultat: Resultatet delades upp i fyra teman: I Röstens natur och intention beskrevs röstens ton, känsla, intensitet och varaktighet. Relationen till rösten belyste personens identifiering och personifiering av rösten där den kunde ses som något kroppseget eller som en enskild individ. Meningsskapande och copingstrategier angav olika strategier personen använde i syfte att klara av och hantera rösterna. Påverkan på individen belyste hur personen påverkades av rösten genom förändrad självbild och självskada, isolering och kontrollförlust. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades utifrån begreppen livsvärld och meningsskapande där meningsskapandet kunde ses som en central del i personens förmåga att hantera situationen med hörselhallucinationerna.Background: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder with a high suicidal risk. The most common symptoms experienced with schizophrenia are auditory hallucinations which can be experienced both in a positive and a negative way. The disorder is stigmatized most likely due to a lack of knowledge and a fear of the person. Aim: To describe adults experiences of auditory hallucinations induced by schizophrenia. Method: The literature review consisted of twelve scientific articles of which nine were conducted using a qualitative approach and three with a quantitative research methodology. The articles were found in the databases CINAHL Complete, PubMed and PsycINFO. The following words were used in the databases: hallucination, voice hearing, psychosis, patient, life, hearing voices, nursing, people who hear voices, auditory hallucinations, schizophrenia and experiences. Results: The results were divided into four themes: The nature of the voice described the characteristics of the voice i.e. tone, feeling, intensity and duration. The relation to the voice described how the affected persons identified the voice as a part of themselves. Finding meaning and coping strategies described the different strategies which were used to cope with the voices. The impact on the individual highlighted how the person was affected by the voices by an altered self, added self-harm behavior, isolation and loss of control. Discussions: The results were discussed with the concepts of life world and finding meaning. Finding meaning was found as one of the affected person’s most important coping strategies for dealing with the auditory hallucinations.
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Hayward, Mark Ian. "An exploration of the ways in which people with auditory hallucinations relate to their voices." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31320.
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Research suggests that responses to the experience of voice hearing (auditory hallucinations) can be mediated by; (1) beliefs about the voices; (2) core beliefs about the self; and (3) the social significance of utterances. What each approach has in common is the extent to which the voice/s can be experienced in relation to the self as an interpersonal 'other'. Recent attempts to explore the relationship the voice hearer has with the voice/s have focused upon the power differential between the two or paid insufficient attention to the broader context of social relationships. Within this study, a new theory of relating (Birtchnell, 1993,1999) was deployed to more fully understand the relationship between the voice hearer and the voice/s. Specifically, the relationship was explored with respect to power and proximity and the extent to which it mirrored relating in the hearer's social world. Twenty seven voice hearers completed measures of relating to the voice and general relating style. Mirroring was found on both poles of the power axis and on one pole of the axis of proximity. In each case the relationships were independent of beliefs about voices and mood-linked appraisals. These results suggest that the same processes that affect social relationships may be influential in determining how the hearer relates to the voice/s. One exception to the mirroring of relationships concerned the way in which voices were related to more distantly. Clinical implications from the findings are considered at the level of assessment and intervention. An assessment of the way the voice is related to may indicate the type of intervention that is most likely to engage the hearer. Possible interventions may include the identification of the voice and the modification of general relating tendencies.
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Ehntholt, Kimberly A. "Evaluation of a CBT group treatment for in-patients with auditory hallucinations : a pilot study." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-a-cbt-group-treatment-for-inpatients-with-auditory-hallucinations--a-pilot-study(620d5026-f78a-40a6-8ccb-2f0472e85a32).html.
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This study compares a group receiving cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) for auditory hallucinations to a control group, who received standard care only. All group members were adult in-patients who experienced distressing auditory hallucinations. Four CBT groups were conducted, three by individual clinical psychologists and one by nursing staff, who first participated in a brief training programme. The treatment groups provided education about 'voices', coping strategies, self-esteem building exercises, as well as general discussion and support. Evaluation included both quantitative and qualitative assessment methods. The effectiveness of the group treatment was evaluated in terms of measurable improvement in severity of auditory hallucinations, total number of psychiatric symptoms, level of insight into psychotic illness, beliefs about 'voices', and number of available coping strategies. In addition, the nursing staff were evaluated on their ability to follow the protocol and conduct CB T groups to standards equivalent to that of experienced clinical psychologists.
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Graux, Jérôme. "Perception de la voix humaine et hallucinations auditives : étude clinique et neurophysiologique." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3314/document.
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L’hypothèse de ce travail est que les sujets schizophrènes souffrant d’hallucinations auditives verbales perçoivent leur propre voix comme une voix étrangère. L'objectif de notre travail est donc d'étudier les réponses électrophysiologiques évoquées par la voix des participants et celle d’une personne inconnue. Nos résultats chez les sujets sains montrent que nous allouons moins de ressources attentionnelles automatiques à notre propre voix que par rapport à une voix inconnue. Cet effet d’atténuation de l’orientation automatique de l’attention pour sa propre voix n’est pas observé chez les patients schizophrènes. De plus, conformément à notre hypothèse initiale, cet effet est d’autant plus faible que la sévérité des hallucinations est forteThe hypothesis of this study was that schizophrenic patients with auditory verbal hallucinations perceive their own voices as alien voices. The aim of the study was to investigate the electrophysiological responses evoked by participants’own voices and those of unknown individuals. Our results in healthy subjects showed that they allocated fever automatic attentional resources to their own voices than to unfamiliar voices. This attenuation effect of the automatic orientation of attention to own voice was not observed in schizophrenic patients. In addition, in agreement with our initial hypothesis, the attenuation decreased even further as the hallucinations became more severe
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Hazell, Cassie M. "Is 16 the magic number? : Guided self-help CBT intervention for Voices Evaluated (GiVE)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70214/.
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Hearing distressing voices (also known as auditory verbal hallucinations) is a common symptom associated with a number of mental health problems. Psychological therapies, specifically cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) can be an effective intervention for this patient group. The aim of CBT for voices (CBTv) is to reduce the distress associated with the experience, by encouraging the patient to re-evaluate their beliefs about the voice's omnipotence, omniscience, and malevolence. Despite the evidence for CBTv, very few patients are offered this therapy; largely due to a lack of resources. The aim of this thesis was to develop and begin to evaluate a CBT-based intervention for voices that was resource-light; in the hope that it could be more easily be implemented into clinical services, and therefore increase access. This thesis begins with an introduction to the research area, and is followed by a review and evaluation of the methods used in this thesis. Chapter 6 is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature on brief (< 16 NICE recommended sessions) CBT for psychosis (CBTp). Chapters 7 and 8 describe the process of developing a brief CBT intervention for voices, based on the CBT self-help book ‘Overcoming Distressing Voices'. Both people who hear voices, and mental health clinicians were consulted on the intervention concept and design. The outcome of these studies was guided self-help CBTv, and an accompanying therapy workbook to guide the intervention. Chapters 9 and 10 detail the design and findings of a randomised controlled trial of guided self-help CBTv delivered by Clinical Psychologists, versus a wait-list control group. Data was collected at baseline (pre-randomisation) and 12 weeks post-randomisation. The primary outcome was voice-related distress. The findings across all of the studies are then summarised and reflected upon within the Discussion chapter – including consideration of the extent to which the overall aim of this thesis (increasing access) has been achieved.
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Thornton, Katy. "Clinical and non-clinical auditory verbal hallucinations : a psychological and functional imaging study of the psychosis continuum." Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516115.
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Baker, Caroline. "An investigation into the cognitive processes involved in auditory hallucinations, and the validity of a cognitive bias model." Thesis, Bangor University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263182.
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Langlois, Thomas. "Groupe TCC pour la gestion des hallucinations auditives : étude d'efficacité et analyse des processus de changement impliqués face aux hallucinations, auprès d'une population souffrant de psychose chronique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20042.
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Les Hallucinations Acoustico-Verbales (HAVs), sont fréquentes et résistantes aux traitements médicamenteux dans la schizophrénie. Il est nécessaire de proposer aux patients des interventions non-médicamenteuses pour les aider à faire face à leurs voix. L’objectif général de notre travail est d’évaluer l’efficacité d’une intervention groupale nommée Accept Voices©, basée sur la psychoéducation et les TCC de 3ème vague. L’étude 1 est une étude quantitative menée auprès de 23 cliniciens visant à évaluer leur sentiment d’efficacité pour aider les patients à gérer leurs HAVs. Les résultats révèlent un faible sentiment d’efficacité des cliniciens pour aider leur patient avant la formation à l’intervention groupale Accept Voices©, lequel s’améliore significativement après la formation. L’étude 2 vise à valider en langue française l’échelle d’acceptation des voix (VAAS) sur une population de patients atteints de schizophrénie (n=65) et sur une population non-clinique (n=321). La VAAS présente de bonnes propriétés psychométriques. Les résultats confirment que les personnes atteintes de schizophrénie acceptent moins bien leurs voix que celles issues de la population non-clinique. L’étude 3 est une étude quantitative multicentrique réalisée sur 6 établissements en santé mentale pour mesurer l’efficacité d’Accept Voices©, auprès des patients atteints de schizophrénie (n=38). Les résultats montrent, en post-suivi, une baisse significative des HAVs, de la dépression, de l’anxiété, des croyances de malveillance à propos des voix, et une amélioration significative de leur acceptation et du coping pour y faire face. L’étude 4 porte sur l’analyse du discours de 10 patients atteints de schizophrénie ayant bénéficié de l’intervention Accept Voices©. Les résultats montrent que les processus impliqués dans le changement face aux HAVs sont la déstigmatisation, la dédramatisation, l’accueil et l’acceptation des phénomènes hallucinatoires auditifsAuditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVHs), also known as ‘hearing voices’, are a frequent– and often medically treatment resistant–symptom of schizophrenia. Patients need non-medical interventions to assist them in dealing with the voices they hear. The overall objective of this thesis is to create, and then to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a group intervention, Accept Voices©, created by the thesis candidate, and based on a combination of psychoeducation and third wave CBT techniques. Study 1 was conducted with the collaboration of 23 clinicians implementing Accept Voices; results showed that clinicians scores of perceived self-efficacy increased significantly after training. Study 2 had objective of translating and validating the Voices Action and Acceptance Scale (VAAS) into French. The validation included measures of depression and additional divergent and convergent variable measures on 65 patients suffering from schizophrenia and 321 individuals with no clinical disorders. Results showed good psychometric properties for the French version as well as the demonstrated utility of measuring acceptation of voices in the clinical population. Study 3 evaluated Accept Voices © implemented in 6 mental health institutions in the South-West of France on patients suffering from schizophrenia (n=38). Results at 6 weeks post-intervention showed a significant decrease in manifestations of AVH as well as scores on depression, anxiety, and negative attributions regarding the voices. Moreover, the patients reported a significantly increased ability to accept hearing voices and were able to elaborate and implement appropriate coping strategies. Study 4 was a qualitative analysis on 10 patients suffering from schizophrenia who completed the Accept Voices© group intervention. The processes revealed by analyses showed that the program provided a means to destigmatize, dedramatize and accept auditory hallucinatory phenomena in patients suffering from schizophrenia
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Santos, Rosa Maria Rodrigues dos. "Fenômenos alucinatórios auditivos em pacientes com zumbido: relações com o psiquismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-09122009-150727/.
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Introdução: Nos últimos anos, nosso Grupo de Pesquisa em Zumbido identificou um número crescente de pacientes que referiram percepções repetidas de músicas e vozes, além do zumbido. Tais fenômenos alucinatórios nos instigaram a estudar suas possíveis relações com o psiquismo destes pacientes. Objetivos: avaliar se os fenômenos alucinatórios dos pacientes com zumbido têm relação com a psicose e/ou a depressão, além de esclarecer seu conteúdo e função no psiquismo. Casuística e métodos: Dez sujeitos (8 mulheres, idade média de 65,7 anos) foram avaliados pelo Inventário Fatorial da Personalidade (IFP), Escala para Depressão de Hamilton (HAM-D), entrevista semi-dirigida e entrevistas psicanalíticas. Resultados: Todos apresentaram relação dos fenômenos auditivos com a neurose e sintomas depressivos. Nove pacientes evidenciaram nítida relação entre o psiquismo e o conteúdo ou função de seus fenômenos, os quais representaram ou resgataram aspectos da vida afetiva. A repetição dos fenômenos e do sofrimento ofereceu uma satisfação paradoxal, que foi marcante em todos os casos. Conclusões: Evidenciou-se uma importante relação entre zumbido, fenômenos alucinatórios auditivos e depressão sustentada na satisfação paradoxal com a repetição do sofrimento, o que está vinculado ao caráter neurótico.In the last few years, our Tinnitus Research Group identified a growing number of patients that repeatedly reported, in addition to tinnitus, perceptions of music and voices. Such hallucinatory phenomena inspired us to study their possible relation with these patients psychism. Objective: To assess whether the delusive phenomena of tinnitus patients are psychosis and / or depression related, in addition to clarify its content and function in the psychism. Methods: Ten subjects (8 women, mean age 65.7 years) were assessed by the Factorial Inventory of Personality (FIP), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), semi-structured interviews and psychoanalytic interviews. Results: All results showed a relationship between auditory phenomena and neurosis or depressive symptoms. Nine patients showed a clear relationship between the psychism and the content or function of their phenomena, which represented or rescued affective aspects of life. The repetition of the phenomena and the suffering offered a paradoxical satisfaction, which was noticeable in all cases. Conclusion: A significant relationship between tinnitus, hallucinatory phenomena and depression was evidenced by the paradoxical satisfaction with the repetition of suffering, which is linked to the neurotic trait.
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Knobel, Keila Alessandra Baraldi. "Influência do silêncio e da atenção na percepção auditiva: implicações na compreensão do zumbido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-11032008-154705/.
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OBJETIVOS: Estudar o efeito da atenção e do silêncio sustentado no aparecimento de percepções auditivas fantasma em adultos normo-ouvintes e a relação com características sócio-demográficas. MÉTODOS: Dentro de uma cabina acústica, 66 voluntários (18 a 65 anos, média etária 37,3 anos) realizaram três experimentos de cinco minutos cada, apresentados consecutivamente e em ordem aleatória. Dois desviavam a atenção do sistema auditivo (Hanói - H e Atenção Visual - AV) e outro a direcionava para ele (Atenção Auditiva - AA). Os sujeitos foram questionados sobre suas percepções auditivas e visuais. Em nenhum momento foram apresentados quaisquer sons ou mudanças na iluminação. RESULTADOS: 19,7% dos sujeitos experimentaram alguma percepção auditiva durante o experimento H, 68,2% durante o experimento AV e 68,2% durante o experimento AA, enquanto percepções visuais foram relatadas por 6,1%, 15,2% e 4,5% dos sujeitos para os mesmos três experimentos. A diferença na freqüência de percepções auditivas e visuais foi estatisticamente significativa, assim com a diferença na freqüência de percepções auditivas nos três experimentos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para o aparecimento de percepções auditivas ou visuais em relação às variáveis estudadas (idade, gênero, nível de instrução, hipertensão arterial, diabetes, história de tontura, história prévia de zumbido ou de exposição a níveis de pressão sonora elevados). Um maior número de percepções auditivas foi referido no experimento AA. Enquanto nos experimentos H e AV a maioria das percepções auditivas foi descrita como sons típicos de zumbido (apito, chiado, \"hum\", som de insetos ou de água corrente), no experimento AA 39,9% dos sujeitos (n=26) relataram a percepção de sons atípicos, mais compatíveis com vivências alucinatórias que com zumbido. CONCLUSÕES: Zumbido e alucinação auditiva podem ocorrer na população normal em ambiente silencioso, independente de idade, gênero, nível de instrução, hipertensão arterial, diabetes, história de tontura, zumbido, ou exposição prévia a níveis de pressão sonora elevados. A ativação concomitante da atenção auditiva contribuiu de maneira importante na quantidade e na qualidade das percepções auditivas fantasma.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of attention and sustained silence on the emergence of auditory phantom perception in normal hearing adults and social-demographics relations. METHODS: sitting in a sound booth, 66 volunteers (age range 18-65, mean age 37.3) performed three experiments of five minutes each, consecutively and randomly presented. Two deviated attention from auditory system, called Hanoi (H) and Visual Attention (VA) experiments and one drove attention to the auditory system, called Auditory Attention (AA). After each experiment, subjects were asked about their auditory and visual perception. No sound or light change was given at any moment. RESULTS: 19.7% of the subjects experienced auditory perceptions during H, 45.5% during VA and 68.2% during AA, while visual perceptions were experienced by 6.1%, 15.2% and 4.5% of the subjects for the same three experiments. The frequency of auditory and visual perception was statistically different, as well as the frequency of auditory perception among experiments. No significant differences for auditory perceptions emergence for studied variables were found (age, gender, instructional level, hypertension, diabetes, history of dizziness, history of tinnitus, previous exposure to high sound pressure levels). A higher prevalence of auditory perceptions was found on AA experiment. While on H and VA experiments most of the auditory perceptions were described as typical tinnitus sounds (whistle, buzzing, hum, insects and running water), on AA experiment 39,9% of the subjects (n=26) experienced non-typical tinnitus sounds, closer to hallucinatory experiences than to tinnitus. CONCLUSION: Tinnitus and auditory hallucination may occur in a non-clinical population in a silent environment, with no influences from age, gender, instructional level, hypertension, diabetes, history of dizziness, history of tinnitus, previous exposure to high sound pressure levels. Concomitant auditory attention seems to play an important role on the emergence of tinnitus.
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Eckert, Zachary Robert. "The Effects of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations on Social-Behavioral-Functioning and Mental Status: Perceptions among Mental Health Social Workers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/671.
Full textAbstract:
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVH) are a generally distressing phenomena that can have a negative impact on the quality of life of the experiencer. Furthermore, individuals diagnosed with psychotic disorders often display deficits in social/cognitive domains. Despite this, little is known about how AVHs directly affect social functioning and mental status. Because of this dearth of information, exploratory research is needed to generate potential avenues for future experimental research. Qualitative themes about how AVHs influence behavior were derived from interviews with mental health social workers. Eight primary domains were identified: Behavior, social ability, observable traits, voice plasticity, life difficulty, beneficial auditory hallucinations, coping strategies, and stigmas. Implications of this research could guide future direction for experimental research as well as contribute to assessment and treatment procedures of psychotic individuals.