Journal articles: 'Audio circuits'

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Aladdin Bayramov, Lala Bekirova, Aladdin Bayramov, Lala Bekirova. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE OPERATION OF AUDIO FREQUENCY (NO JUNCTION) AND JUNCTION RAIL CIRCUITS." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 24, no. 03 (May 15, 2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc24032023-49.

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Rail circuits are the basic elements of modern railway automation and telemechanics systems, performing the functions of track sensors and telemechanical channels. It is shown that the calculation of their operating boundary conditions becomes more complicated with the application of junctionless audio frequency rail circuits. The analysis of track circuits consists of studying the changes in their operation in various modes when the circuit parameters are changed. During the analysis, the optimal values of the parameters of the circuit elements and the frequency of the power source are determined for the given operating conditions. An analysis of the factors affecting the operating currents and voltages of such rail circuit schemes has been carried out. When analyzing and calculating a track circuit, it is assumed that the track line and equipment elements are linear, that is, their parameters do not depend on the flowing currents. To simplify the calculations, the track circuit is represented by the corresponding mathematical model (equivalent circuit) for each mode. Depending on the type of equivalent circuit used, four-pole and multi-pole models are distinguished. At the same time, the analysis and reporting of jointed rail circuits are carried out. Based on their results, the directions that allow for more accurate modeling of the operating modes of the circuits of the non-joint audio frequency rail circuits have been determined. Keywords: Rail circuits, train traffic safety, audio frequency (no junction) track circuits, junction rail circuits, signaling system, track sensors, mathematical model, remote conditioning monitoring.

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G.W.A.D. "Audio IC circuits manual." Microelectronics Reliability 29, no. 4 (January 1989): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(89)90356-9.

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Falkowski, Piotr, and Andrzej Malcher. "Dynamically Programmable Analog Arrays in Acoustic Frequency Range Signal Processing." Metrology and Measurement Systems 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-011-0008-1.

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Dynamically Programmable Analog Arrays in Acoustic Frequency Range Signal ProcessingField programmable analog arrays (FPAA), thanks to their flexibility and reconfigurability, give the designers quite new possibilities in analog circuit design. The number of both academic projects on FPAA and applications of commercially available programmable devices is still growing. This paper explores the properties and parameters of two most popular FPAA circuits: the AnadigmVortex AN221E04 and AnadigmApex AN231E04 from the Anadigm company. The research conducted by the authors led to the discovery of some undocumented features of these devices. Several applications for audio processing were built and tested. The results show that these circuits can be used in medium-demanding audio applications. Thanks to dynamic reconfigurability, they also allow to build an universal analog audio signal processor. These circuits can also act as a versatile platform for rapid prototyping and educational purposes.

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Saiapina, Inna, Mykhailo Babaiev, and Olha Аnanіevа. "Reducing noise influence on an audio frequency track circuit." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929403015.

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In connection with electromagnetic interference influence on the track circuits, the purpose of the research is finding the means to increase the noise immunity of an audio frequency track circuit. The authors propose a new engineering solution, which enables reducing the effect of noises on the input of the track receiver in the intervals between signal current pulses. The proposed noise-immune audio frequency track circuit is based on inserting a delay line, an adjustable single-pulse generator and a controlled electronic switch into the existing audio frequency track circuit equipment. To analyze its efficiency, the operation of the audio frequency track circuit was simulated under conditions of traction current disturbances, impulse and fluctuation interferences with the known parameters. The results show that proposed device for railway transport allows to increase a signal-to-noise ratio on the track receiver input from 8% to 30%, depending on the interference parameters and the level of the useful signal.

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Saiapina, I., O. Gorobсhenko, V. Demchenko, and Y. Stompel. "SIMULATION AND INTELLECTUAL ANALYSIS OF AUDIO FREQUENCY TRACK CIRCUIT PARAMETERS." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies", no. 39 (June 30, 2022): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-39-16.

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To improve the method of increasing the noise immunity of a audio frequency track circuit, based on cutting out interference in the intervals between useful signal pulses, an analysis was made of fluctuations in the signal transit time in the transmission path of a audio frequency track circuit depending on its operation parameters: signal current frequency, rail line length, insulation resistance and ambient temperature. For this, a simulation model of the operation of a audio frequency track circle has been developed. Based on the simulation results, a relational database was created with the values of measurement characteristics. With the use of intellectual analysis methods it was determined that the main factor affecting the signal transit time in the transmission path of the audio frequency track circuit is the frequency of the signal current. The main dependences of the operation parameters of the audio frequency track circuit and the signal transit time are determined. The obtained results help to increase the noise immunity of the operation of audio frequency track circuits due to a more precise adjustment of the interference cut-off interval between the useful signal pulses.

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Blessed Olalekan, Oyebola. "Sallen-Key Topology, MFB and Butterworthy in Bandpass Design for Audio Circuit Design." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 6, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2017.6.1.1992.

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This paper succinctly studied active filter topologies: Sallen-key circuit, MFB and Butterworth in band pass design for audio circuits. It has been able to identify distinctive suitable features with applications in audio frequencies range. The work also serves as a foundational study for an advanced work on active audio filters. Sallen-Key pluses with quality factor (Q) that can be varied via the inner gain (G) without modifying the mid frequency (fm). Notably, the Q and Am cannot be adjusted independently. Butterworth, maximally flat magnitude response in the pass band, has monotonic amplitude response with an excellent flat pass band, less phase shift, and better transient results.

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Knight-Percival, Alexander, Christopher Johnson, Benjamin Richards, Scott Palmer, and Nicholas Bowring. "Mapping of the electromagnetic environment on the railway: Condition monitoring of signalling assets." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718802998.

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Conventional track circuit condition monitoring systems are fixed at the wayside, with each installation reporting on a single track circuit. In this work, we present a custom-built, sensitive, magnetic field detection system, which can be fitted to the underside of a rail vehicle. With this system installed, some characteristics of an operating track circuit can be monitored from the vehicle whilst it is in motion. By using appropriate analysis techniques, it is possible to identify the signatures of equipment relating to audio frequency track circuits, the topic of this work. Analysing the signatures of track circuit equipment demonstrated that there were clear differences between track circuit assets. By building on other research into the behaviours of failing track circuits, and continuing to conduct this research, the authors believe that it is possible, and beneficial, to perform condition monitoring of track circuits from low-cost equipment mounted on the train. Coupling this with advanced analysis techniques will allow predictive maintenance of track circuits with very little capital outlay.

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Hashemifar, Seyed Mohammad. "Design of a Single-Core Digital-to-Analog Converter with Ultra-Wideband and Low Power Consumption for CUWB-IR Applications." Tehnički glasnik 16, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20220405104325.

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Data converters are intermediate circuits used to connect between two analog and digital ranges. Data converters are not only used for converting audio into a microphone or speaker, but also for converting audio into a camera or display, transferring information to a computer or digital signal processor. At these times, the need for data converters is not invested in every aspect of life. Digital to analog converters is a leading part of these converters, which are widely used in most audio and video circuits. In this thesis, we have proposed a 4-bit 1GS/s DAC for CUWB-IR usage. To enhance the above performance with superior speed and the need for linearity, every significant block containing the convenient sources, current switches, and deglitcher were designed optimally and a new DAC converter circuit was developed which improves the linearity. The designed DAC was performed using a commercial 130 nm CMOS process. DAC INL/DNL≤0.22LSB features more than high Nyquist bandwidth at extremely low power losses of 0.45 mW. The proposed DAC achieves the best FoMs at the right time for advanced DACs

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Ogunseye, Abiodun, and Olamide Omolara Olusanya. "Design and Simulation of a Microcontroller Based Loudspeaker Protection System Against Amplifier Direct Current (D.C) Offsets." Journal of Communications Technology, Electronics and Computer Science 8 (November 3, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22385/jctecs.v8i0.122.

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A number of failure mechanisms can result in the damage of loudspeakers that are directly connected to an audio power amplifier system. One of such failure modes occurs when the amplifier circuit develops an output d.c voltage, in which case, the loudspeaker coil will be damaged by overheating. D.c offset detection circuits, usually based on simple transistor circuits are normally used to protect the loudspeaker against this failure mode. However, as effective as they are, these circuits can fail in ways that can result in loudspeaker damage. In this work, a microcontroller based circuit that monitors the critical components of a loudspeaker d.c detection circuit, namely the switching transistor and the isolating relay circuit was developed. The hardware of the developed circuit was modelled with Proteus® software and its firmware was written using MikroC® software. The modelled circuit successfully detects the presence of d.c signals and also reports the states of the isolating relay and the switching transistors when these components fail.

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Journal, IJSREM. "Underwater Audio and Data Transmission System using Li-Fi Technology." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 03 (March 11, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem29208.

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Underwater communication system utilizing Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology for transmitting audio and data. The system addresses limitations of traditional methods by leveraging an Arduino Uno microcontroller for control, lasers for data transmission, and solar panels for reception. To enhance received audio signals, an amplifier circuit is employed before feeding them into a speaker for playback. Data is recovered and processed on the receiving end using the Arduino Uno. This research explores the feasibility of Li-Fi for underwater applications. The paper details the design and development of the communication system, including hardware components like lasers, solar panels, amplifier circuits, and speakers, along with the software implemented on the Arduino Uno. The results focus on the successful transmission and reception of both audio (heard through the speaker) and text data processed by the Arduino Uno. This work paves the way for further development of Li-Fi based underwater communication solutions for various applications. Keywords- Underwater Communication, Li-Fi (Light Fidelity), Arduino Uno, Laser Diode, Solar Panel, Audio Transmission, Data Transmission, Amplifier Circuit, Speaker

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Murtianta, Budihardja, and Erlina Sari. "Penguat Jembatan dengan Untai Pembalik Fase." Elektrika 14, no. 2 (October 22, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v14i2.5329.

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The maximum output voltage of the audio amplifier is limited to the magnitude of the power supply voltage of the power transistor or the operational amplifier on the final amplifier. This limits the maximum power of the audio amplifier output. The way to enlarge the output power of the audio amplifier without increasing the voltage is the bridge method or bridged modes. With this method a bridge amplifier will be generated. This Bridge Amplifier is also known as Bridge-Tied Load (BTL) or Bridged Transformerless. The principle of Bridge Amplifiers is to use a pair of final amplifiers whose outputs have opposite phase each other. There are 3 ways to make a pair of power amplifiers have opposing phases: with internal modification, with an audio transformer (phase splitting audio input transformer) and with a simple active phase reversal splitter circuit). This paper will discuss Bridge Amplifiers with simple phase inverting circuits. A pair of audio power amplifiers using two TDA2050 chips which are operated at ± 19 Volt supply voltage. The phase inverting circuit using IC TL072. Sinusoidal signal with an amplitude of 200 mVp and a frequency of 1 KHz is used as an input signal. The results to be observed and measured are gain, input, output and bandwidth of the bridged amplifier compared to the usual amplifier

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Giampiccolo, Riccardo, Alberto Bernardini, Giambattista Gruosso, Paolo Maffezzoni, and Augusto Sarti. "Multiphysics Modeling of Audio Circuits With Nonlinear Transformers." Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 69, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0008.

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Saiapina, I. "DATA CLASSIFICATION METHOD AND NEURAL NETWORKS APPLICATION FOR INCREASING NOISE IMMUNITY OF AUDIO FRUQENCY TRACK CURCUIT." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies", no. 39 (June 30, 2022): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-39-26.

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The article proposes the optimization of the existing device for improving the noise immunity of audio frequency track circuits. Due to the fact that the signal current in the audio frequency track circuit is a tone frequency signal modulated by pulses, by opening the transmission path of the audio frequency track circuit at the input of the track receiver during the intervals between signal current pulses, the track receiver can be protected from interference. To take into account the delay time for the signal to pass from the output of the track generator to the input of the track receiver, a delay line is provided in the device for increasing noise immunity. But the time of passage of the signal current in the path of the audio frequency track circuit may vary depending on its operating parameters. To take into account these fluctuations and to increase the efficiency of eliminating interference in the intervals between useful signal pulses, a method of adaptive control of the delay line is proposed, which allows adapting the delay time parameter depending on the length of the rail line, the carrier frequency of the signal, the insulation resistance and the frequency of the modulating signal. By solving the problem of classifying data containing information about the influence of the operation parameters of the audio frequency track circuit on the signal transit time, the optimal structure of the model based on neural networks was chosen. This model implements the method of adaptive control of the delay line.

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Shestakov, M. I. "Calculation of tonal rail circuits with consideration of a complicated waveform." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 1 (2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2021-1-104-112.

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The article deals with the problem of calculating modern audio frequency track circuits, the working signal of which is a frequency-manipulated signal transmitting Bauer codes. Such signals have a wide spectrum, which leads to the error in the calculations performed according to the classical method for a single frequency. Increasing the code transfer rate in order to reduce the response time of track circuits further expands the signal spectrum, which negatively affects the safety of such rail circuits. To determine the width and composition of the signal spectrum, a discrete Fourier transformation is used. The new method of calculating rail circuits proposed in this article allows us to determine the root-mean-square value of the signal at the output of the rail circuit with a known amplitude-frequency characteristic of the rail circuit and the form of a complex signal at the input. The obtained ratio of the root-mean-square signal levels at the input and output of the rail circuit allows us to solve the problem of calculating the operating modes of the rail circuit taking into account its nonlinear amplitude-frequency characteristics and taking into account the complex signal form, including consideration of the specific transmitted Bauer code. This solution allows you to increase the reliability of the calculation of the adjustment tables of the tonal track circuits and, as a result, increase the reliability and safety of their operation.

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Chen, Ruei Chang, and Shih Fong Lee. "Design and Layout of a High-Performance PWM Control Class D Amplifiers IC Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 203 (October 2012): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.203.469.

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This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel pulse width modulation control class D amplifiers chip. With high-performance, low-voltage, low-power and small area, these circuits are employed in portable electronic systems, such as the low-power circuits, wireless communication and high-frequency circuit systems. This class D chip followed the chip implementation center advanced design flow, and then was fabricated using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacture Company 0.35-μm 2P4M mixed-signal CMOS process. The chip supply voltage is 3.3 V which can operate at a maximum frequency of 100 MHz. The total power consumption is 2.8307 mW, and the chip area size is 1.1497×1.1497 mm2. Finally, the class D chip was tested and the experimental results are discussed. From the excellent performance of the chip verified that it can be applied to audio amplifiers, low-power circuits, etc.

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SEMENOV, Andriy, Maksym ANDREIENKOV, Anton KHLOBA, Mykhailo SHURKHAL, and Vladyslav OLKHOVYCH. "DEVELOPMENT OF A 150 W LINEAR LABORATORY POWER SUPPLY UNIT." MEASURING AND COMPUTING DEVICES IN TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2219-9365-2024-77-21.

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The laboratory power supply is an indispensable device for the manufacture, testing, adjustment and repair of electronic equipment. The object of research is the process of selecting and justifying the device circuit on a modern element base, developing a printed circuit board, manufacturing and testing the created device layout in practice. The toroidal transformer of the required power was also calculated. The test was carried out in the voltage and current stabilization mode, and the data obtained indicate the possibility of further improvement of the device's circuitry. To build a laboratory power supply, it is desirable to use a linear circuit, because of the small pulsations that are critical when powering electronic equipment. A switching power supply can be used as an additional source when working with high-power circuits. A universal option is a bipolar power supply built according to a linear circuit with an output voltage of 0...±30 V and a current of 0...5 A. This solution will allow the device to be used for operation with most radio electronic devices, including those sensitive to RF noise, whose power consumption does not exceed 150 W. Thanks to the use of a bipolar circuit, it is also possible to work with high-quality audio frequency amplifiers that require bipolar power supply, operational amplifiers and some digital equipment. The galvanic isolation of the channels will make it possible to adjust the output parameters independently for each arm, which may be necessary when repairing digital equipment. Equipping the laboratory power supply with a current stabilization unit will make it possible to use the power supply as a battery charger and help in finding short circuits in circuits. Short-circuit protection will save the power supply in the event of an emergency and, in some cases, save the connected load.

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Pop, Anda Olimpia, and Ignác Csaba Filip. "The Connection Between a Professional Singer’s Intonation and the Coordination of the Cybernetic Circuits of the Ear." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 67, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2022.spiss2.09.

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"This article is addressed to pedagogues, students, and professional singers and draws attention to the tight connection between the functionality of the larynx and the cybernetic circuits of the ear. During the training periods of a singer, and then throughout one’s career, we deal with sound intonation flaws very many times. These are due not only to a flawed vocal technique or amusia , but also to flaws of audio-vocal feedback circuits many times. If they are discovered and corrected, the voice can be completely regained. It is very important to be aware of the difference between hearing and listening, dealing with the listening posture when singing and the medical check of a specialized doctor in hearing impairment. Keywords: voice, singer, connection between ear and voice, cybernetic circuits, audio-vocal feedback, control loop. "

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Zhao, Sihan. "Design and implementation of a preset operational amplifier based on basic digital and analog hybrid circuit." Applied and Computational Engineering 38, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/38/20230539.

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In the vast landscape of electronic engineering, the indispensable roles of both analog and digital circuits are unequivocally recognized. Analog circuits, with their foundational principles, are extensively harnessed in areas encompassing audio, video, power systems, and particularly, amplifiers. Conversely, digital circuits, integral to modern-day technological advancements, are dominantly present in computing platforms, telecommunication systems, control mechanisms, and data storage infrastructures. Amplifiers, a cornerstone in analog circuit designs, principally focus on magnifying the amplitude of input signals, whether it be in terms of voltage or current. This amplification process hinges on the strategic configuration of electronic elements such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors. This paper endeavors to marry the attributes of digital and analog circuits. Through the adept utilization of fundamental electronic components, an innovative amplifier design capable of preset amplification ratios is birthed. The practicality and efficacy of this amplifier are rigorously validated via its hands-on assembly and experimental testing in a laboratory setting. Results consistently underscore the amplifiers adeptness in delivering precise signal amplification, conforming to its predetermined ratios. Such a design, rooted in its simplicity yet offering profound versatility, beckons further exploration. It stands as a beacon for potential future adaptions, tailored to suit a gamut of applications, and is poised to seamlessly dovetail into more sophisticated circuit systems.

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Sisin, Valeriy Alexandrovich, and Maxim Igorevich Shestakov. "Comparative analysis of modern jointless audio frequency track circuits." Transport of the Urals, no. 3 (2019): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2019-3-59-63.

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Kost, Michael A. "Systems and methods for protection of audio amplifier circuits." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 4 (2010): 2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3500759.

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Paiva, Rafael C. D., Stefano D'Angelo, Jyri Pakarinen, and Vesa Valimaki. "Emulation of Operational Amplifiers and Diodes in Audio Distortion Circuits." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 59, no. 10 (October 2012): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2012.2213358.

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Yeh, David T., Jonathan S. Abel, and Julius O. Smith. "Automated Physical Modeling of Nonlinear Audio Circuits For Real-Time Audio Effects—Part I: Theoretical Development." IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 18, no. 4 (May 2010): 728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2009.2033978.

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Mistry, Keyur, Sudeshna Dash, and Siddharth Tallur. "Audio encryption through synchronization of chaotic oscillator circuits: Teaching non-linear dynamics through simple electrical circuits." American Journal of Physics 87, no. 12 (December 2019): 1004–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/10.0000024.

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Toni, Toni, Muh Wildan, Sabdo Purnomo, Eriyandi Eriyandi, and Ika Endrawijaya. "Workshop Perakitan Audio Amplifier Guna Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bidang Elektronika Werga Desa Serdang Kulon, Kec. Panongan, Kab. Tangerang." Pengmasku 3, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54957/pengmasku.v3i1.327.

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Changes and developments in the times of society are required to be able to keep abreast of technological advances. The development in the field of electronics technology certainly requires human resources who have competence in accordance with the needs of society and industry., the results of observations carried out on the Serdang Kulon village, there are still many community members who do not understand the field of electronics so it is very necessary to carry out community service activities the community in that location. In this community service activity, several things were carried out which were expected to be a solution to problems in the village of Serdang Kulon, namely the Audio Amplifier Assembly Workshop to Improve the Electronics Skills of the Residents of Serdang Kulon Village, Panongan District, Tangerang Regency. With activity material: basic electronics theory (basic electronic components, basic electrical science, electronic circuits) , soldering practice, assembling series and parallel LED circuits, assembling LED blinking circuits, assembling automatic light sensor circuits and assembling audio amplifiers. The implementation of PKM activities involves Lecturers and Cadets and stakeholders as a form of Higher Education Dharma. In addition, this activity is also a field experience and direct learning media for students/cadets.

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Eddine, Khamlich Salah, Khamlich Fathallah, Issam Atouf, and Benrabh Mohamed. "Parallel Implementation of Nios Ii Multiprocessors, Cepstral Coefficients of Mel Frequency and MLP Architecture in Fpga: the Application of Speech Recognition." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 16 (January 13, 2021): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232014.2020.16.16.

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Speech processing in real time requires the use of fast, reconfigurable electronic circuits capable of handling large amounts of information generated by the audio source. This article presents hardware implementations of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and the MFCC algorithm for speech recognition. These algorithms have been implemented in hardware and tested in an on-board electronic card based on a reconfigurable circuit (FPGA). We also present a comparative study between several architectures of MLP and with the literature on the level of costs with regard to the surface of silicon, the speed and the computing resources required. Following the FPGA circuit modification, we created NIOSII processors to physically implement the architecture of ANN-type MLPs and MFCC speech recognition algorithms and perform real-time speech recognition functions.

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Phillips, Reid H., Rahil Jain, Yoni Browning, Rachana Shah, Peter Kauffman, Doan Dinh, and Barry R. Lutz. "Flow control using audio tones in resonant microfluidic networks: towards cell-phone controlled lab-on-a-chip devices." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 17 (2016): 3260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00738d.

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Microfluidic networks can be designed using fluidic analogies to electrical resistors, inductors, and capacitors and combining them to create resonant circuits. Multi-channel microfluidic networks show selective excitation that can be used to create pumps controlled by audio tones.

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Falaize, Antoine, and Thomas Hélie. "Passive Guaranteed Simulation of Analog Audio Circuits: A Port-Hamiltonian Approach." Applied Sciences 6, no. 10 (September 24, 2016): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app6100273.

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Giampiccolo, Riccardo, Antonino Natoli, Alberto Bernardini, and Augusto Sarti. "Parallel Wave Digital Filter Implementations of Audio Circuits with Multiple Nonlinearities." Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 70, no. 6 (July 25, 2022): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2022.0012.

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Giampiccolo, Riccardo, Mauro Giuseppe de Bari, Alberto Bernardini, and Augusto Sarti. "Wave Digital Modeling and Implementation of Nonlinear Audio Circuits With Nullors." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 29 (2021): 3267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2021.3120627.

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Najnudel, Judy, Thomas Héle, David Roze, and Rémy Müller. "Power-Balanced Modeling of Nonlinear Coils and Transformers for Audio Circuits." Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 69, no. 7/8 (November 11, 2021): 506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0022.

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Liu, Pu. "Audio bass management methods and circuits and systems using the same." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 4 (2002): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1520927.

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Chiappano, Giovanni, Armando Colamonico, Marcello Donati, Franco Maloberti, Federico Montecchi, and Giuseppe Palmisano. "Custom integrated circuits for audio processing and signalling in vehicular units." European Transactions on Telecommunications 1, no. 6 (November 1990): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460010603.

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Wright, Alec, Eero-Pekka Damskägg, Lauri Juvela, and Vesa Välimäki. "Real-Time Guitar Amplifier Emulation with Deep Learning." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030766.

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This article investigates the use of deep neural networks for black-box modelling of audio distortion circuits, such as guitar amplifiers and distortion pedals. Both a feedforward network, based on the WaveNet model, and a recurrent neural network model are compared. To determine a suitable hyperparameter configuration for the WaveNet, models of three popular audio distortion pedals were created: the Ibanez Tube Screamer, the Boss DS-1, and the Electro-Harmonix Big Muff Pi. It is also shown that three minutes of audio data is sufficient for training the neural network models. Real-time implementations of the neural networks were used to measure their computational load. To further validate the results, models of two valve amplifiers, the Blackstar HT-5 Metal and the Mesa Boogie 5:50 Plus, were created, and subjective tests were conducted. The listening test results show that the models of the first amplifier could be identified as different from the reference, but the sound quality of the best models was judged to be excellent. In the case of the second guitar amplifier, many listeners were unable to hear the difference between the reference signal and the signals produced with the two largest neural network models. This study demonstrates that the neural network models can convincingly emulate highly nonlinear audio distortion circuits, whilst running in real-time, with some models requiring only a relatively small amount of processing power to run on a modern desktop computer.

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Bellili, Nour El Imane, and Khaled Bekhouche. "A simple architecture for high performance class-D audio amplifier with novel RC network as negative feedback loop." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i2.pp707-713.

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<span>In this work, we have designed and simulated a proposed architecture and good performances single-ended class-D audio amplifier (CDA). The proposed circuit is build using pulse-width modulation (PWM). We have proposed a novel RC network as negative feedback loop attached to a second-order integrator to get free of high-frequency carrier ripples and to reach improved output accuracy, thus improved performance and efficiency. This proposed negative feedback loop extremely reduces total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N). We have used a passive second-order butterworth output filter. This circuit fulfills a power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of 75 dB, a THD+N of 0.004%, 3 times less than attained by usual feedback loop. The proposed circuit with quiescent current of 0.02 mA, signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 89 dB, and peak efficiency of 90% is running at 400 kHz switching frequency. The results of simulation demonstrate that this circuit significantly keeps up with the performance of other circuits but taking advantage of its simple architecture.</span>

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Cheng-Ta Chiang, Chih-Hsien Wang, and Chia-Yu Wu. "A CMOS MEMS Audio Transducer Implemented by Silicon Condenser Microphone With Analog Front-End Circuits of Audio Codec." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 20, no. 9 (September 2012): 1656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2011.2160746.

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Faiza, Delsina, Thamrin Thamrin, and Ahmaddul Hadi. "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ELECTRONIC COMPONENT TESTER SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PROGRAM KEAHLIAN TEKNIK AUDIO VIDEO SMKN 1 SUMBAR." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Pendidikan 10, no. 3 (October 3, 2017): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/tip.v10i3.22.

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This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Electronic Component Tester as instructional media to the students' learning outcomes in Audio Video Techniques Program SMK N 1 Sumbar on basic competence classify passive and active components in electrical and electronic circuit. The research method used in this research, especially in the design of Electronic Component Tester is Research and Development (R & D) research, which consists of media design, validation, revision, product manufacture, and testing. After the learning media is validated, experimental research will be conducted where the Electronic Component Tester will be used as a learning medium for the students of Audio Video Technique SMKN 1 Sumbar in basic competence to classify passive and active components in electrical and electronic circuits. Prior to treatment, students were given a pre-test to determine initial ability. After being given the use of Electronic Component Tester as a learning medium, a post-test was done to determine the group's ability improvement. Pre-test results obtained an average value of 50.60, while the post-test results obtained an average value of 61.90. Learning outcomes after applied Electronic Component Tester learning media was Increased by 11.31 point. Result of calculation at significant level α = 0,05 got tcount > ttable that is 2,905> 2,056. It can be concluded there is improvement of student learning outcome after using instructional media Electronic Component Tester in basic competence classify passive and active component in circuit electrical and electronics students Audio Video Technique Program in SMK N 1 Sumbar. Keywords: Electronic Component Tester, Learning Media, Learning Outcomes.

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Liu, Bin, and Yan Ren. "A design of laser array harp based on multi-dimensional wavelet transform and audio signal reconstruction." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2113, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2113/1/012059.

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Abstract This paper introduces a design scheme of laser array harp based on multi-dimensional wavelet transform and audio signal reconstruction. The green light beams from multiple high-power lasers simulate harp strings, use photoresistors as the signal receiving end, and use a signal conditioning system composed of analog circuits and LM393 comparators to collect and adjust the resistance signal of the laser sensor[1], and finally it is adjusted to a level signal that can be recognized by the CPU. After receiving the signal, the CPU core board analyzes the string signal, and sends control commands to the audio processing system through the industrial bus according to the analyzed digital signal. After receiving the control command, the audio processing system uses the audio signal reconstruction technology composed of multi-dimensional wavelet packets, deep learning and other algorithms to simulate the audio signals of various string music, so as to achieve the purposes of using the lasers as virtual strings and imitating musical instruments for musical performance.[2]

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Bilgehan, Bülent, Buğçe Eminağa, and Mustafa Riza. "New Solution Method for Electrical Systems Represented by Ordinary Differential Equation." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 02 (December 23, 2015): 1650011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500110.

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Electrical circuits based on linear and nonlinear modelling principles have difficulties to meet demands caused by a large amount of data generated and processed. The aim is to examine the existing models from bigeometric calculus point of view to obtain accuracy on the results. This work is an application of bigeometric Runge–Kutta (BRK4) method aiming to solve differential equations with nonzero initial condition. This type of work arises from applications where the systems are defined by ordinary differential equations such as noise, filter, audio, chaotic circuits, etc. Solutions to these types of equations are not always easy. The improvement in this work is obtained by introducing bigeometric calculus in the process of seeking a solution to differential equations. Different classes of input signals are applied as input to the system and processed to determine the accuracy of the output. The applicability is tested against the classical method called Runge–Kutta (RK4). Simulation results confirm the application of BRK4 method in electrical circuit analysis. The new method also provides better results for all types of input signals, i.e., linear, nonlinear, constant or Gaussian.

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Sanfilippo, Dario, and Andrea Valle. "Feedback Systems: An Analytical Framework." Computer Music Journal 37, no. 2 (June 2013): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00176.

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The use of feedback-based systems in the music domain dates back to the 1960s. Their applications span from music composition and sound organization to audio synthesis and processing, as the interest in feedback resulted both from theoretical reflection on cybernetics and system theory, and from practical experimentation on analog circuits. The advent of computers has made possible the implementation of complex theoretical systems in audio-domain oriented applications, in some sense bridging the gap between theory and practice in the analog domain, and further increasing the range of audio and musical applications of feedback systems. In this article we first sketch a minimal history of feedback in music; second, we briefly introduce feedback systems from a theoretical point of view; then we propose a set of features that characterize them from the perspective of music applications; finally, we propose a typology targeted at feedback systems used in the audio/musical domain and discuss some relevant examples.

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Frayne, P. G. "Experimental modelling of high frequency circuits at low audio frequencies part I." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 13, no. 5 (May 1992): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01010693.

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Yeh, D. T. "Automated Physical Modeling of Nonlinear Audio Circuits for Real-Time Audio Effects—Part II: BJT and Vacuum Tube Examples." IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 20, no. 4 (May 2012): 1207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2011.2173677.

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Fujimoto, Takuya, Shogo Kawahara, Yukio Fuchigami, Shoji Shimokawa, Yosuke Nakamura, Kenichi Fukayama, Masao Kamahori, and Shigeyasu Uno. "Portable Electrochemical Sensing System Attached to Smartphones and Its Incorporation with Paper-based Electrochemical Glucose Sensor." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1423-1429.

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This paper described the development of a small and low cost biosensor consisting of a smartphone-based electrochemical biosensor device and a paper-based biosensor. The device harvested power from the smartphone and transferred data through audio jack. We designed CMOS circuits including a power supply circuit, a potentiostat, and a ΔΣ modulator. The fabrication of a paper-based biosensor was simple: the three electrodes were directly drawn on chromatography paper using a carbon pencil. The paper-based biosensor was low cost, disposable, portable and friendly to the environment. The sensing system was designed to perform the chronoamperometry measurement, and the glucose concentration in a liquid specimen was detected. Results showed that the sensing system was capable of measuring the glucose concentration as precisely as expensive equipments.

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PEARSICĂ, Marian, and Laurian GHERMAN. "WIRELESS TRANSMITTER FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATION WITH FREQUENCY-MODULATED LASER CARRIER." Review of the Air Force Academy 21, no. 2 (February 26, 2024): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2023.21.2.7.

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Interest in the use of unguided optical systems is growing, due to the development of wireless mobile and indoor communication systems as well as the applications of lasers in space technology. The proposed laser transmitter, with frequency-modulated carrier, represents the optical transmitter of a wireless optical communication system, for transmitting audio signals on laser carriers, which can be used both inside buildings and outside, for distances estimated according to system parameters. In the paper are presented elements of design of the electrical diagram of principle, as well as analysis by SPICE simulation of the designed circuit. The results obtained by SPICE simulation synthesize the operation of the laser transmitter, allowing an optimization of the parameters of the component circuits.

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Cortez, Matheus, Alessandro Girardi, Lucas Severo, and Paulo De Aguirre. "Behavioral and Electrical Modeling of a 0.5-V Third-Order Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulator with FIR DAC for Audio Applications." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 18, no. 1 (May 22, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v18i1.664.

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Most mobile and wearable devices present digital audio signal processing capabilities. Since the nature of audio signals is analog, there is a need to use analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with high-resolution for a high signal-to-noise ratio audio acquisition. This paper presents the high-level modeling and design of a continuous-time third-order sigma-delta modulator (CT-SDM) with an FIR DAC for audio devices, using a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The design is divided in three steps and is carried out using the Delta-sigma toolbox and a discrete-time to continuous-time (DT-CT) transformation. First, the schematic implementation with verilogA models is done to estimate the first-integrator amplifier specifications for the modulator to provide 14 bits of ENOB. Following, a two-stage inverter-based amplifier is designed and used to verify the design strategy. Finally, a transistor-level implementation of OTAs and comparator is done to evaluate the CT-SDM performance. An in-depth analysis and discussion are presented to explain the achieved results with those transistor-level circuits.

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Akay, Cengiz, and Aytaç Yalçiner. "A New Weak Field Double Resonance NMR Spectrometer." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, no. 2-3 (March 1, 1995): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-2-309.

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Abstract Weak field NMR and double resonance spectrometers are mostly homemade. In this work, some electronic units of such a spectrometer operating at 1.437 mT were designed and realized by including new integrated circuits: an audio generator, digital sweep generator, digital additional field and delay unit, Quartz generator, NMR detector(Q-meter), AF-narrowband amplifier, phase shifter and phase sensitive detector.

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Zhang, Beining. "Design of 4-bit absolute value detector with low energy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2649, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2649/1/012041.

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Abstract The article highlights the latest developments in the design of low-power 4-bit Absolute Value Detector (AVD) circuits that are utilized in digital signal processing (DSP) applications. DSP applications like audio and video processing, biological signal processing, and digital communication systems rely heavily on the AVD circuit, which determines the absolute value of an input signal. The article introduces a low-energy 4-bit AVD circuit based on pass transistors that incorporates advanced optimization techniques like adiabatic logic, approximation techniques, and layout optimization. This optimized AVD circuit achieves remarkable results in terms of power consumption and energy efficiency. With a power consumption of just 0.6 nW and an energy efficiency of 0.6 pJ per cycle, the circuit maintains precision and rapid response time. These advancements in AVD circuit design can be highly beneficial for portable and battery-powered devices such as earplugs, implants, and cell phones, as well as electronic components like Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) and motherboards. Overall, the proposed low-energy 4-bit AVD circuit is a significant development in the DSP field, enabling more efficient and effective processing of digital signals.

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Pusung, Juaniken Rachel Emmanuella, I. Wayan Suweca, and Wahyu Sri Wiyati. "SENJA: KOMPOSISI MUSIK POP SENJA." MELODIOUS : JOURNAL OF MUSIC 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.59997/melodious.v1i1.1793.

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Purpose: In the composition of a pop song entitled Senja, cultivators were inspired to create a pop music composition using the help of MIDI sequencer and audio effect processor. MIDI and Sequencer are two different things but can work together with each other that can be used in the recording process or the production and presentation of a work of music. Research method: The ability to compose ideas and be able to hear audio replayed quickly allows composers to experiment with the files. Results and discussion: Because MIDI is a collection of commands that make sound, MIDI circuits can be manipulated in a variety of ways that audio pre-recordings cannot. Implication: In the process of making this final task, the cultivator decided to pour his personal experience (internal) into a song called Senja. It is applied to a pop music composition played by 5 people (Quintet Performance) with the help of MIDI Sequencer.

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Tarr, Eric. "Digital models of analog circuits for musical audio production: A review of techniques and library for automated circuit solving." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015958.

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In music production, many recording and mixing engineers prefer to use analog equipment as a matter of perceptual preference. Digital models of analog circuits have the potential to achieve similar perceptual qualities as hardware without the drawbacks of cost, maintenance, and availability. Many different techniques of system modeling are used in music production software, ranging on a spectrum from “black-box modeling” to “white-box modeling.” In black-box modeling, the analog system is modeled as a processing block which maps an input signal to an output signal. Examples include the linear impulse response, adaptive filters, Volterra series, and Weiner-Hammerstein models. In white-box modeling, each individual component of the analog circuit is modeled as part of the overall system. Examples include wave digital filters, state-space modeling, and modified nodal analysis. Various other techniques exist on the spectrum between these two types, using some combination of each. One example is Virtual Analog Filtering based on the Topology Preserving Transform. Machine Learning techniques have also had an important role in advancing the accuracy of digital modeling. Lastly, the “Point to Point Library,” developed by the author, will be demonstrated. This MATLAB and C + + library performs automated circuit solving for modeling audio effects.

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Balasubramanian, Padmanabhan. "Analysis of Redundancy Techniques for Electronics Design—Case Study of Digital Image Processing." Technologies 11, no. 3 (June 19, 2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies11030080.

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Electronic circuits/systems operating in harsh environments such as space are likely to experience faults or failures due to the impact of high-energy radiation. Given this, to overcome any faults or failures, redundancy is usually employed as a hardening-by-design approach. Moreover, low power and a small silicon footprint are also important considerations for space electronics since these translate into better energy efficiency, less system weight, and less cost. Therefore, the fault-tolerant design of electronic circuits and systems should go hand in hand with the optimization of design metrics, especially for resource-constrained electronics such as those used in space systems. A single circuit or system (also called a simplex implementation) is not fault-tolerant as it may become a single point of failure and is not used for a space application. As an alternative, a triple modular redundancy (TMR) implementation, which uses three identical copies of a circuit or system and a voter to perform majority voting of the circuits and systems outputs, may be used. However, in comparison with a simplex implementation, a TMR implementation consumes about 200% more area and dissipates 200% more power when circuits or systems are triplicated. To mitigate the area and power overheads of a TMR implementation compared to a simplex implementation, researchers have suggested alternative redundancy approaches such as selective TMR (STMR) insertion, partially approximate TMR (PATMR), fully approximate TMR (FATMR), and majority voting-based reduced precision redundancy (VRPR). Among these, VRPR appears to be promising, especially for inherently error-tolerant applications such as digital image/video/audio processing, which is relevant to space systems. However, the alternative redundancy approaches mentioned are unlikely to be suitable for the implementation of control logic. In this work, we analyze various redundancy approaches and evaluate the performance of TMR and VRPR for a digital image processing application. We provide MATLAB-based image processing results corresponding to TMR and VRPR and physical implementation results of functional units based on TMR and VRPR using a 28-nm CMOS technology.

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Dolby, Ray M., and Stanley G. Cossette. "Audio compressor, expander, and noise reduction circuits for consumer and semi‐professional use." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 94, no. 5 (November 1993): 3045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.407254.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Audio circuits'

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