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1
Mitchell, John (John Stephen). "The Disappearing Guns of Auckland." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2325.
Full textAbstract:
The coastal fortifications of the port of Auckland, New Zealand, from 1885 to 1925 are studied in depth, from an historical archaeology perspective. An understanding of their wider context is essential to an understanding of the sites themselves, so a study is made of European artillery and fortification practice and technology from the 14th century onwards, with an emphasis on the coastal artillery practices of the British Empire in the 19th century. On this foundation, coastal fortification practices in New Zealand in the 19th century are examined, and the political background to the construction of coastal forts is outlined. The social and economic impact of the defences are studied, and the resources used in their construction detailed. Land acquisitions for the defence works in Auckland are examined. With a thorough understanding of their background and context (both national and international), Forts Resolution, Bastion, Takapuna, Victoria, Cautley and the submarine mining depots are then studied in detail, with limited excavations, extensive field survey, and the use of comprehensive archival sources. Fina1ly, it, is concluded that the forts built in Auckland between 1885 and 1925 were a product of the colonial experience, in that, they were a complex technological product of imperial demands and needs, and had little relevance to the realities and requirements of a small and remote colony 20,000 km away from the imperial centre. The thesis is a study of the ‘disappearing gun’ period of coastal fortification, and also an acknowledgement that much of the evidence of this once socially and economically significant activity has been destroyed. To assist the reader, there is a large bibliography, and appendices containing a comprehensive glossary, a list of New zealand defence schemes from 1840 to 1914, a list of site record numbere, and biographical details of the key fort builders.
2
Tian, Feng Sabrina. "Is Auckland ready for Chinese travellers?" Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/377.
Full textAbstract:
The Chinese tourists market has become the 4th largest inbound market for New Zealand in 2007; it also ranks 6th in terms of expenditure. Chinese visitors spent a total of NZ $352 million to the year December 2006, an average of NZ $3,340 per person (Ministry of Tourism, 2006). The latest statistics released from New Zealand Tourism Research Council show that 122,045 Chinese visited New Zealand by the year ended January 2008. These crucial statistics – market size, length of stay and average spend – indicate the necessity for the New Zealand tourism industry to understand and provide for Chinese expectations and requirements. Auckland is New Zealand's key gateway, and it is vital that Auckland provides a first good impression for the rest of country. Chinese travellers visit New Zealand with great desire and expectations of experiencing an exotic land. They expect Auckland, as the biggest city in New Zealand, to provide them with a memorable city experience in a developed country. The purpose of this research is to study Chinese tourists' expectations and travel experiences, with a particular focus on investigating whether Auckland can provide suitable services and experiences which match their requirements and expectations. The research will build on the study by Bull (1991) and Ryan (1995), which looked at supply demand relationships and at the tourism industry attempts to balance the supply with the actual demands. It will also build on work by Zhao (2006) and Qu (2006) which explored the dimensions of Chinese demand and distribution channel factors at both origin and destination. The goal is to establish which factors are adequate or inadequate. A synthesis of the demand supply situation will enable the development of recommendations. It is envisage that these recommendations could be adopted by local government and the tourism industry, either as actions or as improvements to policy. With regards to the purpose of this research, a qualitative method was decided as the most relevant approach. Qualitative methods are useful for revealing and understanding what lies are behind any phenomenon about which little is known. Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that was developed for the purpose of studying a social phenomenon, and to generate a theory relating to a particular situation (Strauss & Corbin, 1994). The historical bases of the grounded theory approach matches the aim of this research, namely to reveal the relationships between tourists and the tourism industry and to gain a better understanding of Chinese tourists' expectation and satisfaction, and the level of the service which the Auckland tourism industry provides to Chinese travellers needs to match the Chinese market and requirements of travellers. The interviews were conducted with both Chinese travellers and the Auckland tourism industry, including hotel managers, restaurant managers, gift/souvenirs shop assistants, tour guides, and so on. The research shows Auckland is not ready for Chinese market yet. This result comes from three aspects: firstly, most Chinese tourists do not have clear requirements or expectations of Auckland before they come to New Zealand. This is mainly because of the limited promotional materials available in China about Auckland. Secondly, Chinese tourists do not have many opportunities to get to know Auckland's attractions and activities after they arrive in Auckland. Auckland city is New Zealand's most popular urban tourism destination in terms of population and gateway function provides tourism facilities and services to Chinese tourists. However, the findings highlighted most Chinese tourists found Auckland's tourism attractions to be unattractive to them due to the language barrier and itinerary issues. Thirdly, the research also found Chinese tourists have been driven away due to lack of hotel accommodations in Auckland, especially in the shoulder or high seasons. Auckland's accommodation facilities are facing a challenge. The increasing domestic and international visitors' numbers and insufficient hotel accommodations will be the major problem for Auckland for the next decade. Most of the Chinese tourists who were interviewed expressed their hope of knowing more about Auckland, however, these hopes will go unrealised until the city provides better attractions and more services for them.
3
Stacey, Tomasina. "Determinants of late stillbirth Auckland 2006-2009." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/10327.
Full textAbstract:
Stillbirth is a devastating and too common outcome of pregnancy; globally there are
approximately three million deaths after 28 weeks��� gestation every year. In New
Zealand, as in other high income countries, more than 1 in 200 babies die before birth,
and around 1 in 300 die in the last three months of pregnancy. During the mid
twentieth century there was a dramatic decline in the rate of stillbirth, however this
improvement has not been sustained in recent years. Previous studies have identified
certain causes and risk factors for late stillbirth, but over a third of the deaths remain
unexplained. The current variation in the rate of stillbirths both across and within high
income countries suggests that it is possible to make further improvements in stillbirth
rates. We hypothesised that there would be modifiable, but as yet unidentified risk
factors for late stillbirth.
The Auckland Stillbirth Study was the first case control study to select women with
ongoing pregnancies as gestation matched controls. This study found that the disparity
in rates of late stillbirth in women from different ethnicities in New Zealand could be
attributed to associated factors such as high parity, high body mass index and social
deprivation. Regular utilisation of antenatal care was found to be protective, and
women who attended at least 50% of recommended antenatal visits had a lower risk of
stillbirth compared to those who did not. Antenatal identification of sub-optimal fetal
growth was found to be a possible aspect of the benefit of regular antenatal attendance.
Maternal perception of fetal movements was also identified as an area of importance,
with women who perceived their baby���s movements to decrease in the last two weeks
of the pregnancy being at greater risk of experiencing a stillbirth. In addition this study
found an association between maternal sleep practices and risk of late stillbirth. Most
strikingly, the study found that women who went to sleep on their left side on the last
night (prior to stillbirth/interview) were half as likely to experience a late stillbirth
compared to women who went to sleep in any other position.
This study has added a New Zealand perspective to the existing literature on certain
known risk factors for late stillbirth (such as high body mass index). It has also
identified novel factors that present new possibilities for further research and for the
potential for future reductions in the incidence of late stillbirth.Whole document restricted until Jan. 2013, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
4
Gillon, Paula. "A Human Rights-Based Approach to the Discourses Governing Active Recreation in New Zealand." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/1002.
Full textAbstract:
Public policy is an ever changing field with practitioners struggling to find the best ways to develop and implement their policies. Auckland City Council's Community Services and Recreation Department is no different. Faced with a rapidly expanding and diverse population, which is also increasingly sedentary and unhealthy, the department wished to explore an approach which would encapsulate and help to solve the issues that they are facing (McDermott, 2009; Rowe, 2008; Royal Commission on Auckland Governance, 2009). A human rights-based approach to public policy development was identified as being part of the answer to Auckland City Council's active recreation challenges. Auckland University of Technology's Institute of Public Policy were contracted to undertake research into this public policy approach, that is increasingly used internationally. Could this be implemented in New Zealand? It is acknowledged that a human rights-based approach to public policy development and implementation can help to promote accountability, empowers and it also involves people in the decision making process and ensures that individuals are not discriminated against (Department of Health, 2007). While a human rights-based approach ensures that international obligations are adhered to, the flow-on effect of implementing a human rights-based approach includes having community "buy-in" to a project or proposal, by making public policy more "person centred" (Department of Health, 2007). Key informant interviews were undertaken in 2009; these highlighted how human rights approaches are currently being implemented in New Zealand, although not necessarily in a methodical or consistent manner. Document analysis was also conducted on key policy documents within New Zealand and the United Kingdom using discourse analysis and a human rights lens. In conclusion it was found that the implementation of a human rights-based approach in Auckland City would help to address the issues presented, such as population changes and inactivity and also help to increase participation amongst non-participants. SPARC's focus has moved towards organised sport, children and youth participation and on elite athletes. Local authorities in New Zealand need to act to ensure that the mental, social, health and economic well-being of their communities is preserved and enhanced through active recreation. Taking a human rights-based approach to active recreation policy development would contribute towards achieving these outcomes.
5
Walker, Natalie K. "Epidemiological studies of leg ulcers in Auckland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3351.
Full textAbstract:
A leg ulcer is generally considered to be any break in the skin on the lower leg (below the knee) or on the foot, which has been present for more than six weeks. Typically the condition is a consequence of disease of the circulatory system, and can cause considerable disability. The Auckland leg ulcer study is a community-based study of leg ulceration conducted in the North Auckland and Central Auckland health districts of New Zealand. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of leg ulcers in the community and investigate several possible risk factors for the condition. Cases were identified through notifications from health professionals and by self-notification. Cases aged between 40 and 99 years and on the electoral roll for the study region were invited to participate in a case-control study. Controls were individuals without leg ulcers and were selected from the electoral roll using a stratified random sampling process. Controls were also aged between 40 and 99 years and had to be resident within the study region to be eligible. Four hundred and twenty-six cases with current leg ulcers were identified during the 12-month study period, with 241 cases and 224 controls interviewed for the case-control study. Overall, the occurrence of leg ulcers in the general population was low, however, the prevalence and cumulative incidence increased dramatically with age, and changed according to gender and region. The average age at ulcer onset in interviewed cases was 65 years. Leg ulcers took approximately 12 months on average to heal, and recurrence occurred in 59% of cases. Treatment strategies were variable, and almost a quarter of all cases had been admitted to hospital within the last five years because of their ulcers. The average length of hospital stay was 34 days. Results from the case-control study indicated that deep vein thrombosis, lower limb surgery, leg fracture, and varicose veins were strong risk factors for the development of leg ulcers, Furthermore, nulligravida increased the risk of ulcer development while prolonged breast-feeding decreased risk, suggesting a hormonal component to the development of leg ulcers in women. These data have important implications for the prevention of this chronic condition.
6
Heath, Tim. "Sam and Susana." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/797.
Full textAbstract:
My novel, ‘Sam and Susana’ is set in Auckland in 1968. The story centres on the developing relationship between two students: Sam, a 21 year old from a middle class palagi family, and Susana, a Samoan girl from Otara. When they meet Sam is cynical about university, dedicated to sports and to his drinking companions, but unresolved in almost all other areas of his life. He desperately wants to free himself from the well-to-do St Heliers home where he still lives with his parents, and move out into the world with a more secure set of values and ambitions. He has liberal ideas, bordering at times on Socialist, fuelled by the political events of the day, but not yet translated into any actions. Susana is overflowing with enthusiasm and sees being at University as a privilege. She is very uncertain about academia, but has a strong set of attitudes about everything else, especially the value of family, religion and morality. She is deeply conscious of her extended family’s pride and expectations. Their romance does not progress smoothly. For both of them, their relationship, together with the radical examination of values and attitudes arising from the political and social upheavals of 1968, demands large, uncomfortable challenges and changes to enter their lives.
7
Sturgess, Caroline. "The marketization of museum discourse? a case study of the Auckland Museum 1978-2006 : a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Communication Studies with Honours (BCS (Hons)), 2007." Abstract. Full dissertation, 2007.
Find full textAbstract:
Dissertation (BCS (Hons)--Communication Studies) -- AUT University, 2007.Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (iii, 53 leaves ; 30 cm.) in City Campus Theses Collection (T 069 STU)
8
Herald, John R. (John Raymond). "Hydrological impacts of urban development in the Albany Basin, Auckland." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2278.
Full textAbstract:
In several areas of Auckland, urban development has resulted in flooding and siltation problems that have been both difficult and expensive to manage. This study investigates the fluvial processes of runoff and sediment generation with a pastoral catchment of the Albany Basin and assesses the potential hydrological impacts of urban development with its catchment area. During the study period this catchment was on the fringe of the urban development of Auckland's North Shore. By examining the factors that control runoff and sediment generation within a pastoral catchment, site information that may be useful for controlling runoff and sediment generation within an urbanised Albany Basin is gained. To assess the impacts of urban development, streamflows and suspended sediment yields from catchments representative of three different land uses are compared: pastoral, urban construction and developed urban. Stream channel enlargement indices for a number of nearby catchments with different proportions of urban land cover are also determined and compared. The study shows significant increases in stormflows and suspended sediment yields from catchments that are either fully developed or undergoing construction for urban use. But due to the relatively dry weather experienced during the study period these results are thought to underestimate the impact of urbanising the Albany Basin. The investigation of stream channel enlargement shows that for totally urban catchments stream channel cross-sectional areas may be nearly three times those for pastoral catchments. Methods for controlling the impact of urban development on streamflows, sediment yields and channel enlargement are discussed. It is proposed that by developing techniques where by storm runoff is dispersed and stored within the considerable soil moisture storage capacity of an urban land cover, of the type planned for the Albany Basin, that a considerable reduction in stormflow and sediment generation may be achieved. The study concludes that through careful land use planning and the use of appropriate control structure the impacts of urban development may be reduced to acceptable levels.
9
Wright, Higgins Katie. "Ambiguous migrants : contemporary British migrants in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/62469/.
Full textAbstract:
A bicultural approach to the politics of settler-indigenous relations, rapidly increasing ethnocultural diversity and its status as an ex-British settler society, make Auckland a fascinating and complex context in which to examine contemporary British migrants. However, despite Britain remaining one of the largest source countries for migrants in Aotearoa New Zealand, and the country's popularity as a destination among British emigrants, contemporary arrivals have attracted relatively little attention. This thesis draws on twelve-months of qualitative research, including in-depth interviews with forty-six participants, photo-elicitation with a smaller group, and participant observation, in order to develop a nuanced account of participants' narratives, everyday experiences and personal geographies of Auckland. This thesis adopts a lens attentive to the relationship between the past and the present in order to explore British migrants' imaginaries of sameness and difference, national belonging, place and ‘the good life' in Aotearoa New Zealand. First, through attention to the ‘colonial continuities' of participants' popular geographical and temporal imaginaries of Aotearoa New Zealand, and the lifestyles they associate with it, this thesis is part of growing attention to historical precedents of ‘the good life' in international lifestyle migration literature. Secondly, by examining participants' relations with Māori, other ethnicised groups, bi- and multiculturalism, I expand on whether these migrants' invest, or not, in ‘the settler imaginary' (Bell 2014). In doing so, I bring crucial nuance to understandings of ethnic and cultural difference, and settler-indigenous relations, in globalising white settler spaces. As neither fully ‘them' nor ‘us' (Wellings 2011), British migrants occupy an ambiguous position in ex-British settler societies. Finally, I examine participants' notions of shared ancestry and of cultural familiarity with Pākehā, and, in doing so, problematise the notion of Britishness as a natural legacy or passive inheritance in this context.
10
Atkin, Daniel Robert Edward. "Geochemical proxies for environmental change in Lake Pupuke, Auckland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/9759.
Full textAbstract:
Lake Pupuke is a fresh water maar lake located on the North Shore of Auckland City, New Zealand. Accumulated sediments within Lake Pupuke represent a high-‐resolution, continuous record of change from crater formation (ca. 200 kyr) to present. This study represents a component of the ongoing NZ-‐Maar project which aims to establish a reliable high-‐resolution Late Quaternary climatic history for the Auckland region based on multi-‐proxy investigations of the Auckland maar lakes. Here a multi-‐proxy record from Lake Pupuke sediment spanning the last ca. 48 cal. kyr BP is presented. Chronological control for the sequence was established using a mixed-‐effect regression age-‐depth model based on tephra and radiocarbon age markers (n = 11, 13). The multi-‐proxy approach adopted here focuses primarily on the lipid biomarker composition and compound-‐ specific isotopic analysis of sedimentary organic matter. Compound groups analysed included the n-‐ alkanes, n-‐alkanoic acids, n-‐alkanols, sterols and triterpenoid hydrocarbons, which included botryococcenes derived from the algae Botryococcus braunii. In addition to these molecular proxies, a suite of geochemical (TOC, TN, TS, δ13C, δ15N, ITRAX) and physical (water content, bulk density, mass accumulation rate, magnetic susceptibility) proxies were also employed in order to produce a complete palaeoenvironmental dataset. δ13C variability in Lake Pupuke sedimentary organic matter is driven by aquatic organic matter sources, with terrestrial biomarkers exhibiting only minor δ13C variation consistent with an exclusively C3 catchment vegetation. The principle control on aquatic biomarker δ13C is attributed to the availability of [CO2]aq and exhibits strong links pCO2, particularly during the Last Glacial Coldest Period (LGCP) where a low in pCO2 corresponds to enriched δ13C composition. A combination of multi-‐proxy inferences on organic matter sources, catchment erosion, biological productivity, lake redox and palaeoprecipitation indicate that the LGCP commenced of the LGCP ca. 29.6 cal. kyr BP, during which Auckland experienced a colder, dry climate with harshest conditions cantered at ca. 23.5 to 21 cal. kyr BP and 19.3 to 18 cal. kyr BP. Termination I commenced at ca. 18 cal. kyr BP marking the transition to warmer temperatures during the Last Glacial-‐Interglacial Transition (LGIT). High algal productivity between 14.2 and 12.5 cal. kyr BP likely represent a warmer interval while precipitation is seen to gradually increase after ca. 13.4 cal. kyr BP. The early Holocene (ca. 10 to 7.5 cal. kyr BP) exhibits warmest conditions and a significant increase in seasonality is observed after ca. 7 cal. kyr BP, including a greater climate variability between 5.2 and 2 cal. kyr BP that reflects El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) intensification.Whole document restricted until Dec. 2012, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
11
Stephens, Thomas William. "A diatom stable isotope paleolimology of Lake Pupuke, Auckland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/7510.
Full textAbstract:
High-resolution, continuous environmental records spanning the late Quaternary are scarce from the midlatitudes of the SW Pacific sector of the Southern Hemisphere. However, detailed sedimentary records of the late Quaternary exist in Auckland's volcanic crater (maar) basins. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct a continuous, high-resolution record of paleoclimate from an Auckland maar, Lake Pupuke, through: (1) the construction of a detailed tephra and radiocarbon-based chronology; (2) application of a suite of proxies for environment including novel diatom stable isotopic proxies (��18ODiatom and ��30SiDiatom); and (3) a multi-proxy reconstruction of paleolimnology from ~48 cal. kyr BP until today. A mixed-effect regression age-depth model was constructed from tephra and radiocarbon age-markers (n = 11, 13 respectively), permitting reconstruction of paleoclimate at Lake Pupuke during the last ~48 kyrs (~14 m) from biological (diatom), geochemical (TOC, TN, TS, ��13C, ��15N, ITRAX) and physical (magnetic-susceptibility, particle-size distribution) proxies for environmental and limnological change. Paleoclimatic inferences are made from ��18ODiatom and ��30SiDiatom proxies following a novel approach to tephra-contaminant removal involving physical separation and geochemical mixture modeling. Estimates of the Oxygen and Silicon contributed by basalt and rhyolite contaminants were combined with representative ��18O and ��30Si signatures to yield a basaltic and rhyolitic isotope effect. Once removed, this yielded tephra-free estimates of ��18ODiatom and ��30SiDiatom for the Pupuke paleo-record from ~48 cal. kyr BP until today. A synthesis of multi-proxy inferences on erosion, biological productivity, mixing and lake level generates robust dates for the onset of reduced effective precipitation and cooling in the Last Glacial Coldest Phase (LGCP; ~28.5-18.5 cal. kyr BP), a return to warmer, wetter climate in the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition (LGIT; 18.5- 10.2 cal. kyr BP), and warmest conditions in the Holocene (post-10.2 cal. kyr BP). The LGCP, LGIT and Holocene exhibited marked paleoclimatic variation at Lake Pupuke, including harshest paleoclimate near the onset and termination of the LGCP (~27.6-26.0 and ~21.0-19.0 cal. kyr BP), a Late Glacial Reversal in climate amelioration (LGR; ~14.5-13.6 cal. kyr BP) and a Holocene rise in seasonality (from ~5.7 cal. kyr BP, intensifying from ~3.2 cal. kyr BP).
12
Khan, Basit Ali. "Sea Breeze Circulation in the Auckland Region:Observational Data Analysis and NumericalModelling." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4476.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of this research is to improve our knowledge of the sea breeze circulation in the complex coastal environments, where more than one mesoscale circulations occur. Interaction of these circulations with each other and with external factors such as topographical features and large scale winds leads to pronounced changes in the thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer. The variations in sea breeze circulation also have distinct effect on the pollutant transport and dispersion mechanisms in the coastal urban areas. In this research, dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the sea breeze circulation and their associated air pollution potential have been investigated by utilizing observational data for two summer periods and numerical modelling techniques. Effect of some external factors such as gradient flow and terrain elevation has also been examined. Observed meteorological and air quality data was obtained from a number of monitoring sites within and around Auckland while Advanced Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF) and ‘The Air Pollution Model’ (TAPM) were employed to simulate meteorology and pollutant dispersion in Auckland. WRF is used to investigate the thermally induced mesoscale circulation while TAPM has been employed to examine the pollutant dispersion in the region. Both models were validated against observed data from six different sites within Auckland. Validation results of WRF and TAPM are also compared with surface meteorology. Validation and inter-comparison of the two models show that WRF performed better than TAPM for all the surface meteorology variables. WRF showed a positive bias in predicted winds speed and relative humidity and a cold bias in the near surface Temperature. TAPM on the other hand under-predicted surface winds, while near surface temperature and relative humidity are similar to WRF.
Results show that the sea breeze occurred around 20% of the two summer periods of 2006 and 2007. Both observed data analysis and the numerical modelling results confirmed the existence of two thermally induced systems in the Auckland region. Bay breezes are initiated in the morning hours (0800 – 1000 hours) from small bodies of water (Manukau, Waitemata, and Kaipara Harbour, and along the Hauraki Gulf coastline), followed by mature sea breezes from the main bodies of water (Tasman Sea and larger Hauraki Gulf area) in the late morning. The cessation of sea breezes started after 1600 hours. Frequency of sea breeze days was the highest under coast-parallel gradient winds (southeast and northwest), with speeds < 6 m s-1. The predicted depth of the sea breeze inflow ranged between 200 and 600 m, while the depth of the return flow was in the range of 200 – 500 m. Sensible heat flux is an important control in the development of sea breeze over the region. Coastal mountain ranges helped early onset of the sea breeze, but also inhibited inland propagation. Strong jet-like westerly winds along the coastline near the Manukau Harbour are due partly to the narrow opening at the Manukau Head, reduced friction over the harbour water, and divergence of wind due to coastline shape. Gradient winds significantly affect the evolution of the sea breeze and modify many of its dynamics, such as the sea breeze inflow layer, return flow, inland penetration, sea breeze head, etc. Under northerly gradient flow northeast sea breeze lasts longer while under southerly gradient flow cessation of the westerly sea breeze was delayed.
Over both east and west coasts, WRF predicted anticlockwise rotation, especially under easterly gradient wind conditions. However, inland stations near Manukau Harbour show partial and complete clockwise rotation, which is primarily due to orographic features of the region. The diurnal rotation of the sea breeze system may contribute to recirculation of pollutants in the morning hours under coast-parallel gradient wind conditions. Pollutants that are emitted during morning peak traffic hours and advected towards Manukau Harbour by the remnants of the land breeze may be returned by bay breezes in the mid morning hours.
Mixed layer height over land before arrival of the sea breeze also varied a lot and ranged between 600 to 1400 m. A convective internal boundary layer (CIBL) forms in the surface layer after arrival of the sea breeze. The CIBL under coast parallel gradient winds was relatively shallow (200 – 400 m), while under coasts-normal gradient winds (southwest and northeast), the predicted depth was in the range of 400 to 500 m. However, the inland extent of the CIBL was greater under coast-normal winds, especially under south-westerly gradient winds. The ground level concentration of air pollutants thus can be increased during sea breeze inflow over the region.
Both bay breeze and mature sea breeze contribute towards development, extent and strength of the sea breeze convergence zones (SBCZs). Gradient winds and terrain play an important role in the position and strength of SBCZs. Under strong south-westerly gradient flow, a SBCZ is formed along the eastern coastline, while under north-easterly gradient winds a SBCZ is formed along the west coastline. During coast-parallel gradient winds the SBCZ is formed in the middle of landmass, and is then gradually displaced eastward or westward depending on the balance between large scale PGF and surface friction effect. In addition to SBCZs, terrain and coastline-induced convergences were also evident. Higher ground level concentrations of pollutants are expected under coast-normal gradient winds, when SBCZs are formed in the middle of the land mass and the wind speed of the sea breeze inflow and the sea breeze front is relatively low. This may increase pollution concentration, especially in the evening hours, to unacceptable levels. Results of this research suggest that given the size, synoptic meteorology and specific geography of the region, significant recirculation of pollutants is not likely to happen to contribute to next day’s pollution. The pollutant concentration may increase in the SBCZs, but their ability to recirculate the pollutants requires more extensive research.
A closed sea breeze circulation cell is unlikely to form in this region due to topographical influences and a strong gradient wind effect. The pollutant plume is expected to be advected in the return flow over the peaks of higher terrain and via the top of the convergence zones, but its remixing in the onshore flow is subject to many factors such as gradient wind speed and direction, direction of the return flow and nature (size and state) of the pollutant. In appropriate conditions, pollution levels may reach to unhealthy levels under coast-parallel gradient wind condition.
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Ryoo, Yosop. "The no man's land the shifting zone in-between the living and the dead : an exegesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology for the degree of Bachelor in Art and Design, Honours (Spatial Design), 2008 /." Abstract. Full exegesis, 2008.
Find full textAbstract:
Exegesis (BA (Hons)--Art and Design) -- AUT University, 2008.Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print ( 61 leaves : ill. ; 21 x 30 cm + 1 DVD-ROM) in City Campus Theses Collection (T 730.92 RYO)
14
Teevale, Tasileta. "Obesity in Pacific adolescents: a socio-cultural study in Auckland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5828.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis was to explore socio-cultural factors that may promote or prevent obesity in Pacific communities residing in New Zealand. Specific objectives were to describe the behaviours, knowledge, beliefs and values of Pacific adolescents and their parents, as related to food consumption, physical activity and body image and to compare the responses of obese Pacific adolescents and their parents to their non-obese or healthy weight counterparts. A mixed-methods approach was utilised to gather data. Information was collected from a questionnaire administered to 4215 students who participated in the New Zealand arm of the Obesity Prevention In Communities (OPIC) project and sixty-eight individuals (33 students and 35 parents) from 30 Pacific households participated in individual interviews as part of the qualitative phase of the study. To meet the comparative objectives of the study, Pacific adolescents were recruited by obese (n=16) and healthy weight (n=17) status. The outcome of the analysis found that cost and affordability of food, time-constraints through employment obligations and lack of health education or experience negatively affected the health-promoting behaviours of Pacific adolescents and their parents (i.e. not meeting the current guidelines for healthy eating and regular physical activity). Healthy weight Pacific adolescents were significantly more active, consumed fruit and vegetables regularly and had habitual levels of breakfast and lunch consumption compared to obese Pacific adolescents. Obese adolescents were inactive, had takeaway family meals more often and skipped breakfast and lunch meals more frequently. Obese adolescents were also dissatisfied with their body weight, received more parental encouragement to lose weight and engaged in weight control behaviours more than the healthy weight cohort. Healthy weight adolescents and parents seemed to have more health-related knowledge and experience than obese adolescents and parents. There were no differences in the knowledge, values and beliefs about the health-protective effects of food and regular physical activity between obese and healthy weight Pacific adolescents and their parents. There was sound knowledge observed in the link between food and particular eating habits, physical inactivity and body size to obesity risk and study participants desired to increase their healthful behaviours, particularly amongst the obese. The key difference between healthy weight and obese adolescent households was in parental presence at home. Healthy weight adolescents came from households that were more likely to have a full-time or part-time parent at home. While obese adolescents were more likely to come from households that had both parents working full-time, particularly for sustained periods of time in shift-type working arrangements. Furthermore, all students and parents perceived overweight and underweight bodies undesirable for adverse health consequences, suggesting they understand the link between obesity and health. Most students and parents desired average-sized bodies that were functional, i.e. for adolescents, bodies that could be competent in sports and dance, for Pacific adults, bodies that could achieve daily tasks like housework, childrearing and meeting the needs of the family were desired and valued. This thesis finds that socio-environmental influences like socio-economic position, occupational type, health education and experience were much more instrumental influencers on health behaviours than socio-cultural factors. Attitudes, values and beliefs about food, physical activity and body image, which were comparable between obese and non-obese Pacific adolescents and their parents, were not as influential on health behaviours. Obese adolescents held the same attitudes, beliefs and values about food, physical activity and body image as their healthy-weight counterparts, but these factors were not protective for obesity-risk. To address obesity in Pacific youth in New Zealand, a number of macro-environmental changes are recommended to reverse obesity trends. Developing food pricing control policies to mitigate healthy food costs, revising sustained employment hour policies, making changes to school food and physical activity environments and incentivising healthy workplaces are some suggestions. This study suggests certain structural environmental factors related to poverty affects the health-promoting behaviours of Pacific communities in New Zealand. Future obesity intervention efforts for Pacific groups need to address poverty status and specific interventions that prioritise the elements of motivation, self-esteem, self-confidence and life-skills training as well as making policy changes to structural barriers is likely to be more effective.
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Brown, Pulu Teena Joanne. "Kakai Tonga 'i 'Okalani, Nu'u Sila = Tongan generations in Auckland, New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2584.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is written in the format of a three act play. The author has elected this structure to frame the ethnographic data and analysis because it seemed befitting for telling my own life story alongside the memories of three generations of my matrilateral and patrilateral Tongan family residing in Auckland New Zealand. Thus, actors and scenes play out the thesis storyline in three parts where each act is titled Prologue, Dialogue and Epilogue. The Prologue, part one of this three act play, is three chapters which sets in motion the main actors - the research participants, and the scenes - the ethnographic context in which data was collected. It represents an ethnographic mosaic of memory and meaning as co-constructed by actors in recounting how they make sense of their place, their time, in a transnational history, that is, a family of stories among three Tongan generations residing largely in Auckland New Zealand. The Dialogue, part two of this three act play, is four chapters which maps out the theoretical and ethnographic territory that actors and scenes border-cross to visit. By this, I mean that research participants are political actors subject to social factors which shape how their memories and ensuing meanings are selectively reproduced in certain contexts of retelling the past and its relevance to understanding the present. The Epilogue, part three of this three act play, is the curtain call for the closing chapter. It presents an ending in which a new 'identity' entry made by the youngest Tongan generation creates possibilities for social change not yet experienced by prior generations residing in Auckland New Zealand. This thesis is woven into an overarching argument. Here, three generations of my matrilateral and patrilateral Tongan family residing in Auckland New Zealand intersect through two modes of memory and meaning. First, family reconstruct collective memories of 'identity' and 'culture' to make sense of how their ancestral origin, their historical past, is meaningful in their transnational lives and lifestyles. Second, inter-generational change among Tongan family residing in Auckland New Zealand is a social-political product of the transnational condition experienced by ethnic-cultural groups categorised as 'minorities' in the developed world.
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Gagné, Natacha. "Maori identities and visions : politics of everyday life in Auckland, New Zealand." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84994.
Full textAbstract:
Indigenous peoples around the world have been involved, especially since the 1970s, in nationalist or sovereigntist movements, as well as in struggles for decolonization, self-determination, and recognition of their rights. Maaori of Aotearoa/New Zealand are engaged in just such processes and, particularly since the 1960s and 1970s, as part of the Maaori "cultural renaissance". Since about 70% of Maaori live in urban areas, cities---Auckland in particular---have become important sites of affirmation and struggle. This study, which falls within the field of urban anthropology, is an investigation of what being Maaori today means and how it is experienced, in particular in the city. The sense of place of Maaori living in Auckland and the appropriation of space in the urban context are important dimensions of this study. It explores the complexity of Maaori relationships to the urban milieu, which is often perceived as an alien and colonized site; the ways they create places and spaces for themselves; and the ongoing struggles to (re)affirm Maaori identities and cultural aspects considered important elements of these identities. The focus of this research is on everyday life and "ordinary" Maaori (in contrast to elites). It reveals the significance and importance to Maaori affirmation and resistance of the extended family and certain types of "city houses" which are based on "traditional" marae (Maaori traditional meeting places) principles. In contrast to many studies that have stressed the assimilation pressures of the urban milieu and global forces on indigenous societies, this research underlines processes of (re)affirmation. It shows how indigenous visions, and ways of being are maintained and even strengthened through changes and openness to the larger society. Coming to understand these processes also led to the exploration of Maaori realms of interpretation or figured worlds, the heteroglossic and complex ways people engage in or rel
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Cameron, Ann. "Information and communication technology in Auckland hotels context and impact : thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology University in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Philosophy, April 2007 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/212.
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Vuong, Xuan Tung. "An investigation into 5-lobe lung modelling a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, June 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.
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Huang, Ning 1971. "A modified ecological footprint method for assessing sustainable transport in the Auckland Region." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6753.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological Footprint (EF) indicator was created by Wackernagel and Rees in 1996. Since its
appearance this method has been developed through much research into the detailed weighting of each
factor and through using it in case studies. With its improvement more researchers are now using it to
understand human impacts on environmental issues and more governments are adopting it as an
analytical tool for policy-making.
This thesis uses the EF indicator for a detailed analysis of various transport modes in the Auckland
Region in 2004. A component EF model is adopted, which involves all EF estimations for each
transport mode over its life cycle. The EF components of each mode can be divided into five parts: the
EF from fuel consumption for its daily operation, the EF from embodied energy for its manufacture and
maintenance, the EF from energy for constructing and maintaining its relevant infrastructures, the EF
from energy for operating its infrastructure, and the EF from the physical area of its infrastructures. In
this thesis, the modes analyzed in detail are: cars, buses, trains, flights, ferries, motorcycles, bicycles,
and walking for passenger transport; HCVs, LCVs, rail freight, airfreight, and sea freight for freight
transport; and off-road vehicles, cruise ships, and pleasure craft, bicycle, walking for leisure transport.
After calculating these EF components for each mode, the total EF and component EF for every mode
can be compared. Hence, a sustainable hierarchy of transport modes in each category can be worked
out. This sustainable hierarchy focuses on the eco-burden placed on the earth by transport systems as
represented by the EF figure.
A component EF method for assessing transport modes has been developed and tested in this thesis.
This should be suitable for transport EF analysis in other regions and other nations.
Although this thesis has made some detailed contribution to EF methodology, for example, by
developing the component model for transport systems and applying it to an analysis of the transport
sector, there is still a need for further research. This will especially relate to a more accurate calculation
of the embodied energy EF from constructing and maintaining transport infrastructures.
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Turner, David. "Planning for higher density: concepts of privacy in Auckland���s culture of housing." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/7331.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the theory and practice of urban housing.
Houses are a socially located ���collection of rights, opportunities, assets, and
attributes��� (Donnison and Ungerson, 1982, 11); at the same time, housing
describes and expresses an urban culture and its values. The activities of New
Zealand���s commercial housing supply system are governed by planning and
building legislation enacted in a political climate ideologically aligned with the
social customs of an electorate that has historically expressed a preference for
political conservatism, non-intervention, and de-regulation. Harsher aspects of
social policy have been modified in a long period of Labour-led coalition
government since 1999; but environmental legislation has remained largely
unchanged since reforms of 1991 re-oriented planning legislation to suit a market
economy. In this environment, objectives of sustainability in ordinary private
housing developments are inscribed as a market responsibility, with a limited set
of mandatory technical standards.
The planning and architecture of housing are political acts that represent
and interpret the substance of a social vernacular in a process that is decisively
influenced by political priorities in a liberal democracy. This position is
reconcilable with argument supporting the notion of sustainable urban housing
as an artefact connected functionally and theoretically to collective habits of
vernacular-based social systems (Alexander, 1979, 1987; Habraken, 1998). In
such arguments, sustainability is a subsidiary but dependent condition of
housing supply. For sustainable urban development to be achieved the inherited
paradigms of ���house��� need to be constructed in the managed provision of new
housing forms. Political ideologies of the planning framework thus become
relevant to a housing study.
Auckland is a regional city with a relatively high population growth rate,
and with strategic planning policies intended to achieve sustainable urban
environments through a medium density housing typology. Housing at medium
density has not previously been tested in the private sector in New Zealand.
Planning policies, in this situation, become the political instruments through
which a new housing model is to be developed.
From an analysis of New Zealand���s housing history, affective density and
interpretations of privacy are argued to be critical dimensions of a socially and
economically sustainable housing form. Contemporary interpretations of privacy
correspond to economic habits that underpin New Zealand society. It is argued
that both New Zealand���s construct of social privacy and its political economy can
be traced to origins in John Locke���s protestant liberal philosophy. An
epistemology of density and privacy in New Zealand���s urban and suburban
housing traditions is considered in relation to Locke, and to Polanyi���s theory of
tacit and explicit forms of knowledge, used in his thesis to re-conceptualise
understandings of privacy as a social fact. These ideas constitute a basis for the
planning of higher density housing in forms that could be shaped to suit the
social habits and environmental conditions of Auckland.
This thesis examines the question: what higher density forms of housing
will meet the needs of ordinary house-holders in Auckland in the twenty-first
century?
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Billot, Jennie Margaret. "Women's agency in the North Shore and Waitakere cities of Auckland (New Zealand)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9908064.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the ways in which women assess and seek resources in their urban contexts. I argue that the struggles of daily life in local communities and institutional groups can produce ideological spaces into which new practices, arising from increased consciousness of issues, can be developed. My aim has been to uncover women's experiences in a way that not only interprets meanings from their practices, but also encourages such practices to be seen as valid renderings of women's understandings. I examine women's initiatives through the analysis of varying contexts. While I acknowledge the historical importance of the domestic situation as a threshold for much historic activism, women's proactivity requires a broader situational analysis. I therefore present cases of proactivity within the domestic, public and business spheres, within the two cities of Waitakere and North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand. Through the search for new progressive social identities, women's activities at the inter-personal level are a prime source of social change. It is through the recursive relationship between women as agents and the social structure, that changing interpretations of social expectations are produced, allowing for creative activism. While women's initiatives may aim to transform particular social environments, they become part of the incremental process of change that alters the experience and structure of women's lives. The thesis has four parts. The first outlines the scope, objectives and theoretical framework, while the second conceptualises women's agency and its positioning within social gendered structures. Part Three presents the investigative processes linking the theoretical framework and the empirical analysis. Part Four submits the thematic interpretations of the thesis, concluding that women can be agents of social change in a diversity of ways. I acknowledge my feminist stance, one with layerings of objectives and motivations. I view women's circumstances as resulting from the interweaving of structural forces and personal capacities. The resulting awareness of women's experiences can challenge the values and concepts of masculine discourses. This is viewed through the concept of multiplicity. On a political level this means creating a resistance to hierarchies and a commitment to a plurality of voice, style and structure.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Davis, Adam. "The Imperial Garrison in New Zealand, 1840-1870, with particular reference to Auckland." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/319934.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this thesis is to look at the neglected area of the social interaction between Imperial regiments and society in a colony. The chosen colony is New Zealand, looking with particular reference at its original capital of Auckland between 1840 and 1870. This period encompasses the Maori or New Zealand Wars. However, it is not the intention to look at these campaigns, but to examine how the regiments of the Imperial garrison interacted on a day-to-day basis with colonial society in both peace and war. Chapter One establishes the existing literature with regard to the impact of a military presence on colonial societies using the relatively few examples of work done on Canada, South Africa, India and Australia, as well as the limited information available on the impact of garrisons in Britain itself. Indeed, comparisons will also be made with the role of the United States army in westwards frontier expansion, on which some useful studies exist. Chapter Two is also general in nature in the sense that it discusses the reasons for the introduction of Imperial regiments into New Zealand and those factors contributing to their continued presence until 1870, as well as the fluctuations in military strength. Moving to the particular, Chapter Three illustrates how Auckland became the Imperial Military Headquarters in New Zealand and the development of its military infrastructure as the town itself expanded. The two principal establishments became Fort Britomart and the Albert Barracks. It will also be shown that Governor FitzRoy was responsible for the construction of the Albert Barracks, not Sir George Grey as is generally supposed. The intention of Chapter Four is to examine in detail the economic impact of the garrison on Auckland, primarily by means of investigating how the army was supplied. In particular, local newspapers are utilised as a medium through which to trace how civilians tendered for Commissariat contracts. Chapter Five discusses the health of the Imperial regiments posted to New Zealand to establish whether service there implied the same kind of potential death sentence as that in some other colonies. Chapter Six then examines both the discipline of Imperial regiments in Auckland and wider issues of social interaction since, in other colonies, the extent of indiscipline could radically affect civil-military relations. In terms ofthe wider issues, there is examination of such aspects of the relationship between soldiers and civilians as sport, entertainment, local politics, and civic ceremony. Chapter Seven will be then offer conclusions on the inter-relationship and inter-dependence between soldiers and civilians in Auckland.
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Smith, Daniel Charles Patrick. "City revealed : the process and politics of exhibition development : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Museum Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University. School of Maori Studies, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/253.
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This thesis examines the ways in which the process of exhibition development and the politics this involves affects the practice of history in the museum. It does this by establishing the broad parameters of history practice in the museum and places this in relation to academic practice, focusing on the New Zealand context and specifically upon Auckland War Memorial Museum. From this basis the thesis examines the development of City exhibition at Auckland Museum as a large-scale museum history exposition. The development process for this exhibition was created with the aim of changing the traditional Museum approach so as to create a more engaging and scholarly history exhibition than is traditional. At the same time however, there was also an aim of retaining the appearance of the traditional Museum within this programme of change. These aims were to be met by the innovation of the collaboration between an academic historian and the Museum's practitioners in the development process.The research is based upon a detailed investigation of the roles played by the exhibition team members and the decisions, negotiations and compromises that they made through the development process. Beginning with their original intentions and concepts for the exhibition its metamorphosis into the exhibition as it was installed in the Museum gallery is traced. Emphasis is placed on the resonance that the various decisions and changes carried into the finished exhibition. The findings indicate that the Museum's traditions of developing and displaying knowledge exerted a strong conservative effect over the exhibition development in conflict with the programme of change. This conservatism vied with the authorial intentions of the exhibition development team. As a result of this influence the exhibition developed leant towards the conventional. The unexpectedly orthodox outcome resulted from the absence of critical museological practice. The thesis argues that although Auckland Museum had undergone extensive restructuring, including the introduction of new exhibition development processes and a new outlook as an organisation, the conception of history in the Museum had not changed. Ultimately this precluded that the practice of history in the institution would advance through the revised exhibition development process. However, the development of City did help achieve the updating of social history in the Museum and remains a platform upon which a more critical approach to the past can be built.
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Binkowska, Barbara. "The New Zealand hotel industry: the role of image as a medium influencing company's competitiveness and customer loyalty towards brand." AUT University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/170.
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This thesis evolves around image and its significance while developing customers' loyalty and increasing company's competitiveness in a highly competitive market. The topic is studied in-depth from the organisational perspective and delves into the differing motivations of hotel operators towards shaping favourable image as well as examining how the hotel's image affects customer loyalty and helps the company to increase its competitiveness. Finally, it analyses and compares which public relations tools are the most effective in the process of image creation and developing customer loyalty. From this perspective image becomes a central issue impacting company's future growth, performance and finally success. The research was conducted on the Auckland international hotel chains. Auckland hosts numerous conferences and events that drives demand for accommodation and in a way, creates a conducive environment to hotel operators for future expansion. Thus, hotels compete strongly with one another constantly looking for a competitive advantage by growing their customer base. My thesis outlines the hotels' management efforts and analyses their strategies in the context of changing customers' demands and market trends.With respect to methodological issues, my thesis is based on a qualitative approach and follows an interpretivist paradigm. The research background has been delineated as have been my respondents' profile to provide additional information about the organisation they represent. The research findings described at the end of this thesis document how important image is for a modern hotel and what initiatives should be followed to ensure success. Image and loyalty are closely interrelated as positive image affects customers' loyalty. In order to achieve a balance between sustaining a competitive advantage and increasing loyal customer base a number of managerial implications have been discovered. Detailed analysis of these findings may help the companies to establish a more favourable position in the global market and create mutually beneficial relationships which further help the organisation to grow.Having aimed at exploring the importance of image as a medium that affects company's competitiveness and customers' loyalty towards brand, this study has provided some useful indications for hotel companies as to what should be undertaken to gain loyal customers and improve company's performance on the market.
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Milhau, Bruno. "Les Ostracodes du bassin de Waitemata (miocène inférieur) de la région d'Auckland (Nouvelle-Zélande) : systématique, paléoécologie, paléogéographie." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10139.
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Le bassin de Waitemata (miocène inférieur) de la région d'Auckland (Nouvelle-Zélande) comprend des dépôts de base autochtones (Sous-groupe de Kawau) et une série turbiditique (Sous-groupe de Warkworth) dans laquelle deux bancs microfossilifères sont décrits pour la première fois (bancs de Herrings et de Opou). L'ostracofaune récoltée est diversifiée : 180 espèces sont décrites ou discutées et 29 d'entre elles sont nouvelles ; un nouveau genre, Swansonites, est proposé. Dans le sous-groupe de Kawau, les cortèges ostracodiques conduisent à différencier les affleurements du Sud et ceux du Nord-Est ou les associations d'ostracodes permettent de caractériser différents milieux dont la succession dans le temps traduit un approfondissement du bassin au miocène inférieur, une transgression par à-coups sous climat tempéré chaud à subtropical et une instabilité hydrochimique probablement liée à des courants d'upwelling. Par extrapolation de ces résultats, il est possible de proposer une origine littorale pour les bancs turbiditiques microfossilifères intercalés dans la série flyschoïde (Sous-groupe de Wartworth). Les microgrès de Hunua et les grès de Turanga sont élevés au rang de membre. Les comparaisons entre les répartitions stratigraphiques et géographiques des ostracodes amènent alors à envisager une origine Nord-Est pour les bancs turbiditiques de Orakei et de Herrings mais isolent les bancs de Opou et de Cornwallis qui pourraient provenir du Nord-Ouest.
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Fenton, Rae-Marie. "Boredom uncovering feelings from beneath a psychic fog : this dissertation is submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science (Psychotherapy), Auckland University of Technology, 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/645.
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Jackson, Kate Maree. "Suspended solid levels in two chemically dosed sediment retention ponds during earthworks at SH20, Auckland." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2298.
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Earthworking activities have the potential to accelerate soil erosion through vegetation clearance and soil compaction processes. The eroded sediment can have many detrimental effects on receiving aquatic environments, and thus its discharge is controlled under the Resource Management Act, 1991. Two chemically dosed sediment retentions ponds at the SH20 extension project in Mount Roskill, Auckland were investigated, and the impact of the discharge of one of these ponds on a receiving waterbody was assessed using the Stream Ecological Valuation (SEV) method. Rainfall and suspended solid data was collected for a nine month period between November 2006 and August 2007, although sampling did not commence at one of the ponds until March 2007. Two SEV samples were undertaken within the receiving waterbody; one in November 2006 and the other in November 2007 to assess environmental changes resulting from the sediment retention pond discharge. The suspended solids results measured within the sediment retention ponds during this study were much lower than those reported by other studies on earthwork sites. This is believed to be due to the effective implementation of sediment and erosion control measures onsite. The Somerset Road pond was very effective at removing suspended solids throughout the sampling period, with the majority of suspended solid removal occurring in the forebay as it typically did not become full enough to overflow into the main pond. When the forebay was full of water, the PAC dosing system resulted in large reductions in suspended solid levels over a short horizontal distance within the forebay. A smaller amount of suspended solid reduction was achieved in the main pond, predominately through dilution, with the major function of the main pond being additional storage capacity for runoff. Discharge from the Somerset Road Pond was not continuous due to low water levels in the main pond. However, when discharge did occur, the suspended solids levels were very low compared with other studies investigating sediment retention pond discharge. The Richardson Road pond was less effective at removing suspended solids due to the flow regime within the forebay. There were two runoff channels entering the forebay, as well as a continual flow of groundwater. Only one of the runoff channels was directly dosed with PAC, and as the water level in the forebay was typically at, or just below, the level spreader at all times, there was a decreased potential for the PAC to become evenly distributed through the forebay and achieve dosing of all runoff. Furthermore, the main pond discharged continuously during the study period, resulting in reduced residence times of runoff within the pond system. Nonetheless, the discharge from the main pond was much lower than other studies, implying suspended solid reduction was being achieved. The SEV method indicated that the receiving environment was already degraded due to modifications to the riparian vegetation, increased dissolved oxygen demand, and moderate bank erosion. This was reflected in the macroinvertebrate population, with only pollution tolerant taxa being collected, thus limiting the use of macroinvertebrates as an assessment tool in this study. However, the SEV method, which assesses a wide range of ecological functions, implied that very little environmental change occurred as a result of the sediment retention pond discharge. A small increase in deposited sediment was observed on the stream bed, however indications are that deposited sediment is rapidly washed away once earthworks are completed. Thus this deposited sediment may not have a permanent impact within the receiving environment.
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Bell, Jessica Emily. "Towards a Better Understanding of Coastal Cliff Erosion in Waitemata Group Rock; Auckland, New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2374.
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The soft sedimentary deposits of the Waitemata Group which outcrop on the eastern coastline of the Auckland region are a coastal cliff erosion hazard. The determination of the rate that these cliffs erode for hazard zonation purposes still requires research. A database has been collated of a range of structural, geological, geomorphic and climate parameters from 16 representative cliff sites in order to statistically assess what parameters influence cliff erosion and why erosion rates vary within the relatively uniform geology. Four different lithological units have been defined: sandstone beds of turbidites; sandstone beds of densites (contain rip-up clasts); sand to gravel beds of debrites; and siltstone beds. Cliff rock has very weak to weak intact rock strength; apertures of 0.1 to 15 mm; infill types are soft clay and grit, and hard calcite and iron; spacing of discontinuities are smaller in siltstone beds (≥ 5 mm), and up to 5 m in sandstone and debrite beds; bedding and fault planes are continuous, joints are non-continuous; block size is dictated by bed thickness and non-continuous joints. Shore platform widths were used to determine long-term erosion rates which range from 1.2 to 53.0 mm y-1. Platform morphologies are either sloping or horizontal or are a combination of both. Higher platform benches found at some sites are considered to be the result of a higher period of sea-level or are high-tide benches. Intact and rock mass strength increases northwards. Cliff heights are 8 to 38 m; cliff angles are 51 to 79 . Conditions for sporadic planar and wedge failure were determined at some sites; frittered siltstone and low durability sandstone allow smaller-scale, continual erosion. Castor Bay, Army Bay, Waiwera Beach and Leigh Marine Reserve have the lowest rock mass quality. Musick Point, Narrowneck Beach and Waiake Bay have good rock mass quality. A conceptual model for coastal cliff erosion has been developed for Waitemata Group coastal cliffs, based on the dominant processes that act on the cliffs determined from statistical analysis (student t-test, correlation and regression) and field observations. The primary factor for cliff erosion is bed dip, whereby seaward dipping beds have higher erosion rates than landward dipping beds. The secondary factors for cliff erosion include: the intact and rock mass strength of the rock; the rock mass quality; strength of the siltstone beds; strength and structure of the sandstone beds; and orientation of the bedding planes with respect to the cliff face. Shear stresses are enhanced when beds dip seaward and thus shear failure along continuous surfaces is achievable. When beds dip landward the influence of shear stresses along bedding planes, and their contribution to the removal of individual blocks of rock, is severely inhibited resulting in reduced rates of erosion. There is no relationship between cliff height and erosion rates and cliff heights are mainly controlled by the pre-existing landscape. Cliff angle is controlled by the proportion of sandstone and siltstone (whereby lower cliff angles are more siltstone-dominated), rock mass strength and weathering. Erosion rates do vary in Waitemata Group rock of the Auckland region because of the variation in structural and geomorphic conditions of the cliff, most strongly controlled by the dip angle of bedding planes.
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Lawrence, Jody. "Placing the lived experience(s) of TB in a refugee community in Auckland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3151.
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Although rates of tuberculosis (TB) in much of the western world have steadily declined since the Second World War, this infectious disease remains a leading cause of death among those living in impoverished circumstances. Social science perspectives have argued that TB is as much a reflection of socio-economic inequality and the uneven distribution of power and resources as it is about biological processes. In this thesis I explore the lived experience of TB within the Somali refugee community in Auckland, New Zealand. While migrants and refugees are frequently blamed for the resurgence in TB in Western countries, very little is known about the determinants that underlie this manifestation of the disease. The present research addresses this gap in the literature by employing a transdisciplinary social science approach that considers the determinants of health and illness that range across the social, cultural economic and political domains of human experience. The geographical underpinnings of the work are borne out in the fundamental goal: to (literally and metaphorically) place the lived experience of health, disease (and particularly TB) within the Somali refugee community in the wider context of migration and resettlement. Employing qualitative methods I draw upon participants’ narratives to highlight the different ways in which Somali health beliefs and experiences have been shaped by wider structural forces. I demonstrate that within Auckland, Somalis encounter multiple and overlapping layers of disadvantage. The combined impacts of this disadvantage have a profound influence on their health and illness experience, particularly in terms of the development and ongoing occurrence of TB. Respondents with TB recounted widespread stigma that exacerbated the harm incurred by the illness itself. Although Somalis are highly marginalised, the thesis acknowledges the agency and creativity exerted by people in fashioning the course of their life within the context of considerable structural constraints.
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Licorish, Sherlock Anthony. "Tool support for social risk mitigation in agile projects a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Computer and Information Sciences (MCIS) at the Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, June 2007 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/theses/1354/.
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Thesis (MCIS - Computer and Information Sciences) -- AUT University, 2007.Primary supervisor: Anne Philpott. Co-supervisor: Professor Stephen MacDonell. Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (x, 147 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.) in City Campus Theses Collection (T 005.12 LIC)
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Lynch, Teresa. "A qualitative descriptive study of youth with Crohn's disease a dissertation submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, December 2005." Full Dissertation. Abstract, 2005.
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Qin, Can. "The social practices of Chinese international students at Auckland University of Technology this dissertation (thesis) submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Arts (Social Sciences), 2004 /." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/QinC.pdf.
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Abdul, Halim Syafnidar. "Exploring wireless network security in Auckland City through warwalking a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Computer and Information Sciences (MCIS), 2007." Abstract. Full dissertation, 2007.
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Lomas, Kathryn. "The auditory system of the Auckland tree weta (Hemideina thoracica): sound transmission through an ensiferan ear." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/8350.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to examine the structure and function of the auditory system of the Auckland tree weta Hemideina thoracica, an iconic endemic insect of New Zealand (Orthoptera, Anostostomatidae). H. thoracica hear in a narrow frequency range relevant to conspecific communication. The thresholds and firing rates of the tympanal organ receptors and auditory interneurons were measured. Results showed that males responded most strongly to frequencies relevant to intraspecific communication indicating that acoustic communication by male weta may have a more important role in intrasexual competition rather than mate choice. Weta hear with typical ensiferan prothoracic tibial ears located on each foreleg. Each ear comprises three functional parts: two equally sized tympanal membranes, an underlying system of highly modified tracheal chambers, and the auditory sensory organ, the crista acustica. Weta have the thickest and largest membranes so far described in any insect. It is expected that a membrane of this thickness would have low impedance. However, Hemideina have extremely sensitive hearing. microscanning laser Doppler vibrometry was used to determine how such a tympanal membrane vibrates in response to sound and whether the sclerotised region plays a role in hearing. The tympanum displays a single resonance at the calling frequency of the weta, an unusual example of insect tympana acting as a narrow bandpass filter. To determine what internal mechanisms in the weta are responsible for fine-scale frequency discrimination, measurements taken from high-resolution three-dimensional models of the complete weta ear, combined with vibration analysis of the tympanal deflections in response to sound waves, to construct a theoretical model of sound transmission. The combination of using advanced histological techniques and three-dimensional modelling has allowed me to uncover a new structure (Olivarus) within the auditory system of weta that has not previously been described in any other insect hearing systems. Mass spectrometry analysis of the surrounding liquid has revealed this structure sits within lipids of an unknown type and this structure may be synthesizing the lipids. Three possible theories are presented of the role in hearing played by the Olivarus and lipid and suggest iv that a simple ancient insect auditory system is possibly homologous to that of the mammalian basilar membrane.
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Zangger, Catherine. "For better or worse? : decriminalisation, work conditions, and indoor sex work in Auckland, New Zealand/Aotearoa." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56248.
Full textAbstract:
Internationally, sex workers and other people who participate in the sex industry remain subjected to social, economic, and political inequalities on a daily basis. While decriminalisation has been championed by sex workers and advocates in Canada and elsewhere, New Zealand remains the only country to have implemented this model, which is arguably the most conducive to improving the work conditions for sex workers. More than a decade post-decriminalisation, we have scant knowledge on what criteria sex workers use to choose what sectors to work from and the labour conditions existing in those locations. In this case study, I built upon anti-colonial and feminist literature by conducting in-depth interviews with 30 indoor sex workers and 10 managers to discover the advantages and pitfalls to working in the sex industry in Auckland. Placing sex workers’ voices centre stage, I explore what motivates their involvement in sex work and the meanings they attach to their work. Second, I describe the work conditions experienced within the managed sector of the sex industry, with a focus on the relations between sex workers and managers. Lastly, I further the understanding of working conditions experienced in the private sector, and private workers’ ability to create their ideal work environment within a decriminalised context, specifically worker-run cooperatives. I found that sex workers seek greater autonomy over their work processes but that constraining dynamics prevent them from doing so. These dynamics include the whore stigma, discrimination outside of the sex work community, and the presence of restrictive by-laws. Overall, my participants described a disjuncture between the rights granted by the 2003 change in law and their lived experiences that jeopardized their occupational well-being. I provide social and policy recommendations for areas related to stigma and working environments.Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate
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Su, Fen. "Emotional labour in the hospitality industry a case study in an international Auckland hotel : this dissertation is submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master in International Hospitality Management, December 2005." Full Dissertation. Abstract, 2005.
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Seton, Steven S. "Teacher cognition the effects of prior experience on becoming a teacher /." Connect to full text, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1864.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney, 2007.Title from title screen (viewed 16th July, 2007). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney. Degree awarded 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Ladd, Emma. "Building into the dark psychoanalytic explorations into psychosis, dream and cinema : this dissertation [thesis] is submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science (Psychotherapy), Auckland University of Technology, 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.
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Prince, John D. (John David). "A study of the relationships between housing patterns, social class and political attitudes in three Auckland electorates." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2002.
Full textAbstract:
There is a strain of social criticism, dating back to the fifties and sixties, which alleged that New Zealand was about to become a society more clearly divided by lines related to "class". New Zealand was presented as a society in which a natural egalitarianism of social habits and attitudes had flourished. The critical voices of this earlier period feared that as New Zealand's economy evolved further, so would the degree of social demarcation within society. They expected that these changes would show up most rapidly, and with deeper effects, in the northernmost part of New Zealand, particularly in Auckland. There the postwar period's industrial development and population growth was greatest. In the suburbs of the north, middle class beliefs and life styles would develop. Suburban life, in areas of new housing containing those who most notably benefited from these changes, would provide mutual reinforcements for the evolution of a much more consciously middle class way of life. Many of the implications of this social criticism are explored in this thesis by means of a questionnaire professionally administered to a sample of 312 respondents in three Auckland electorates. East Coast Bays was chosen as an example of a burgeoning middle class suburb, Te Atatu as a newer area of working class settlement, and Birkenhead as a bridge between the two of them, socially and politically. The survey was administered shortly before the 1978 general election. A variety of facts about, and attitudes to, housing, employment, life styles, suburban locations and indistrialisation are explored. These are normally related back to the basic dependent variables of voting choice, electorate, the propensity to think in class terms, and subjective class identification. The overwhelming pressure of the evidence is that of continuity with the egalitarian past. The chief hypothesis tested is that "following on the most rapid processes of postwar industrialisation in New Zealand, new suburban contexts have evolved in Auckland in which the middle class beneficiaries of Auckland's growth are reinforced in attitudes that reject egalitarianism, accept differential rewards and life styles, and are associated with distinctive political and social attitudes". On the evidence presented in this study it must be rejected.
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Tsai, Midi. "The relationship between osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs and dietary calcium intake among South Asian women in Auckland : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Human Nutrition at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/855.
Full textAbstract:
Osteoporosis is a serious public health issue, which is growing in significance because of our aging population. It is estimated that one in three New Zealand women over the age of 50 years will suffer from an osteoporotic-related fracture. The risk of osteoporosis among South Asian women living in New Zealand is unknown. However, this is an important and growing population group. The purpose of this study was to determine osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs and dietary calcium intake in a sample of South Asian women living in Auckland, New Zealand. Relationships between these variables and the predictors of dietary calcium intake were examined. A sample of 102 South Asian women (mean age of 41.6 years) completed an online questionnaire to assess osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs using the validated Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT) and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS), respectively. A four day food diary was used to assess dietary calcium and energy intake. In general, these South Asian women were lacking in osteoporosis knowledge, they did not perceive themselves to be susceptible to osteoporosis and did not consider osteoporosis to be a serious disease. They perceived many benefits of consuming a high calcium diet for the prevention of osteoporosis and did not identify many barriers to dietary calcium intake. In addition, these South Asian women were highly health motivated. Perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake (R=-0.32; P<0.01) and health motivation (R=0.30; P<0.01) were significantly correlated to dietary calcium intake. Health motivation, perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake and the use of a dietary supplement were significant predictors of dietary calcium intake and together explained 27% of the variance. These findings suggest that osteoporosis prevention interventions may need to increase awareness, overcome perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake as well as maintain health motivation among these South Asian women to achieve sufficient dietary calcium intake.
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Garland, Angela Marie. "Power relationships within a corporate finance department a Foucauldian approach to corporate hierarchies and resistance : a thesis submitted for approval for fulfilment of the requirements of a degree of Doctorate of Philosophy from Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, 2007 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/theses/1336/.
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Thesis (PhD) -- AUT University, 2007.Primary supervisor : Professor Keith Hooper. Secondary supervisor : Dr Andy Godfrey. At head of title: Doctorate of Philosophy: a thesis. Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (ix, 192 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.) in City Campus Theses Collection (T 658.3145 GAR)
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Emmens, Joanne. "The animal-human bond in the psychotherapy relationship a bridge towards enhanced relational capability : a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science in Psychotherapy, Auckland University of Technology, 2007." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/657.
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Ng, Shiu Roannie. ""It's like going to the moon": the experiences of Samoan tertiary health students at the University of Auckland." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/7157.
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A social determinants of health approach suggests increasing ethnic diversity in the health workforce as one strategy to reduce ethnic health inequities and inequalities. Subsequently, this illustrates a need to increase the capacity and capability of the Samoan and Pacific health workforce in New Zealand given the growing health inequities and inequalities of these communities. In this qualitative thesis I examine the enablers and barriers to academic success for Samoan health learners at the University of Auckland. Social and cultural identities are important as they inform how we learn and how we teach. Drawing on ideas of power and difference I demonstrate that culture and identity are fluid, historically located, and discursively constructed. I use the Samoan concept of lagimalie and Turner’s concept of liminality to illustrate how processes of identity for Samoans in New Zealand are shaped by Samoan and New Zealand/European culture. I further explore how Samoans negotiate the competing demands of academia and home. In this thesis I adopt an inductive qualitative methodological approach embedded within fa’asamoa. I conducted interviews and focus group with thirty-two past and present Samoan students from the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland. Supplementing the interview and focus group data with current students, solicited diaries were also administered with twenty-four students. Two gendered focus groups were also conducted with twelve Samoan parents of students from the University of Auckland. From the narratives and diaries of the students I identify the key factors that constrain and enable their learning under the categories of individual agency, family, university, spirituality, and friends. Family support is a central concern of this thesis. Parents and students describe how family support for academia is embedded within fa’asamoa. Students identify key discourses used to position themselves within their home and university and how their ethnic and cultural identity impacts on their learning. The findings from this thesis describe how some participants had successfully managed the competing demands of academia and Samoan cultural obligations. The findings also suggest learning environments that facilitate meaningful engagement and participation enable positive learning outcomes. The results illuminate important teaching implications for educators when engaging with Pacific and other ethnic minority learners. In addition the results aid in formulating recruitment and retention initiatives for Samoan and Pacific tertiary health learners.
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Puig, Virginia Moreno. "Conservation issues for Hochstetter's frog (Leiopelma hochstetteri): monitoring techniques and chytridiomycosis prevalence in the Auckland region, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Biology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1132.
Full textAbstract:
Amphibians are suffering extinctions and range contractions globally. This is caused by numerous factors and most of them are related to human activities. The overall aim of this thesis was to make a significant contribution to the conservation of the endemic amphibian Leiopelma hochstetteri through research. This was achieved by focusing in two of the main conservation issues for this species, the need for standardised and robust monitoring techniques to detect trends and changes in populations, and the determination of the prevalence of chytridiomycosis, caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Two populations of the Auckland Region were selected for this study, one on the mainland (Waitakere Ranges) and the only known offshore island population of this species (Great Barrier Island). For both study sites different monitoring methods were used to obtain some population parameters. Site occupancy models of MacKenzie et al. (2002) gave reliable site-specific estimations of occupancy and detection probability using covariate information and presence-absence data collected from 50 sites in the Waitakere Ranges and four repeated visits during 2008. Elevation and distance searched were found to have an important effect on occupancy levels, while time taken to search the site was important variable determining detection probabilities. Also, parameters were estimated for three age classes separately. Statistical models were used to infer abundance from occupancy analysis, and results were compared with the distribution of relative abundances obtained from repeated transect counts and an established sight/re-sight criterion. In addition, the use of surrogate measures for relative abundance was explored. Detection probability and the distance to first frog found were found to have a significant correlation with relative abundance. These measures can be used to infer relative abundance in future site occupancy surveys. Two surveys and a pilot site occupancy survey were conducted on Great Barrier Island, and presence of frogs was confirmed atthe northern block, and in a small seepage in the central block. No new locations were found. Waitakere Ranges and Great Barrier Is. populations were tested for the presence of chytridiomycosis, and all frogs sampled tested negative (n = 124) which means that if present chytridiomycosis prevalence is lower than 5% with a 95% confidence interval. This and previous evidence suggests that L. hochstetteri may be resistant or immune to the disease. However, to confirm this additional studies are needed.
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Harwood, Haupuru. "Characteristics of traditional and contemporary art and design on Auckland urban marae a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree M.A [Master of Arts] (Art and Design), Auckland University of Technology, Te Waananga Aronui o Tamaki Makau Rau, 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/HarwoodH.pdf.
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Pattinson, Woodrow Jules. "An investigation into local air quality throughout two residential communities bisected by major highways in South Auckland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Environmental Science, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10002.
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Population exposure to traffic pollution is a rapidly developing, multi-disciplinary scientific field. While the link between long-term exposure and respiratory issues is well-established, there are probable links to a number of more serious health effects, which are still not fully understood. In the interests of protecting human health, it is prudent that we take a cautionary approach and actively seek to reduce exposure levels, especially in the home environment where people spend a significant portion of their time. In many large cities, a substantial number of homes are situated on land immediately adjacent to busy freeways and other heavily-trafficked roads. Characterising exposures of local residents is incredibly challenging but necessary for advancing epidemiological
understandings. While existing studies are plentiful, the results are mixed and generally not transferable to other urban areas due to the localised nature of the built environment and
meteorological influences. This thesis aimed to employ a variety of methods to develop a holistic understanding of the influence of traffic emissions on near-highway residents' exposure in two communities of South Auckland, New Zealand, where Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) is as high
as 122,000 vehicles. First, ultrafine particles (UFPs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter ≤ 10 μm (PM₁₀) were continuously monitored using a series of fixed stations at different distances from the highways, over several months during the winters of 2010 and 2011. Emissions modelling output (based on traffic composition), was used within a dispersion model to compare modelled concentrations with monitored levels. In addition, community census meshblock units were mapped by level of social deprivation in order to assess potential inequities in highway emissions exposure. The second layer of local air quality investigation involved using a bicycle platform to systematically measure concentrations of UFPs, CO and PM₁₀ using the entire street-grid network throughout each community. This was done forty times - five times at four times of day (07:00, 12:00, 17:00 and 22:00), for each study area, with the aim of mapping the diurnal fluctuation of microspatial variation in concentrations. Using global positioning system (GPS) data and geographical information system (GIS) software, spatially-resolved pollutant levels were pooled by time of day and the median values mapped, providing a visualisation of the spatial extent of the
influence of emissions from the highways compared to minor roads. The third layer involved using data from multiple ambient monitors, both within the local areas and around the city, to simulate fifty-four residents' personal exposure for the month of June, 2010. This required collecting timeactivity
information which was carried out by door-to-door surveying. The time-activity data were transformed into microenvironment and activity codes reflecting residents movements across a typical week, which were then run through the US-EPA's Air Pollution Exposure Model (APEX). APEX is a probabilistic population exposure model for which the user sets numerous microenvironmental parameters such as Air Exchange Rates (AERs) and infiltration factors, which are used in combination with air pollutant concentrations, meteorological, and geospatial data, to calculate individuals'
exposures. Simulated exposure outputs were grouped by residents' occupations and their home addresses were artificially placed at varying distances from the highways. The effects of residential proximity to the highway, occupation, work destination and commute distance were explored using
a Generalised Linear Model (GLM). Surveyed residents were also asked a series of Likert-type, ordered response questions relating to their perceptions and understandings of the potential impacts of living near a significant emissions source. Their response scores were explored as a function of proximity to the highway using multivariate linear regression. This formed the final layer of this investigation into air quality throughout these South Auckland communities of Otahuhu and Mangere Bridge. Results show that concentrations of primary traffic pollutants (UFPs, NOx, CO) are elevated by 41 - 64% within the roadside corridor compared to setback distances approximately 150 m away and that the spatial extent of UFPs can reach up to 650 m downwind early in the morning
and late in the evening. Further, social deprivation mapping revealed that 100% of all census meshblocks within 150 m either side of both highways are at the extreme end of the deprivation index (NZDep levels 8 - 10). Simulations for residents dispersed across the community of Otahuhu
estimated daily NOx and CO exposure would increase by 32 and 37% (p<0.001) if they lived immediately downwind of the highway. If they were to shift 100 m further downwind, daily
exposure would decline by 56 - 70% (p<0.001). The difference in individuals' exposure levels by occupation varied across the same distance by a factor of eight (p<0.05), with unemployed or retired persons the most exposed due to having more free time to spend outdoors at home (recreation, gardening, etc.). Those working in ventilated offices were the least exposed, even though ambient concentrations - likely due to a strong urban street canyon effect - were higher than the nearest
highway monitor (5 m downwind) by 25 - 30% for NOx and CO, respectively. Inverse linear relationships were identified for distance from highway and measures of concern for health impacts, as well as for noise (p<0.05). Positive linear relationships were identified for distance from highway
and ratings of both outdoor and indoor air quality (p<0.05). Measures of level of income had no conclusive statistically significant effect on perceptions (p>0.05). The main findings within this thesis demonstrate that those living within the highway corridor are disproportionately exposed to elevated long-term average concentrations of toxic air pollutants which may impact on physical health. While the socioeconomic characteristics could also heighten susceptibility to potential health impacts in these areas, certain activity patterns can help mitigate exposure. This thesis has also shown that there may be quantifiable psychological benefits of a separation buffer of at least 100 m alongside major highways. These results enhance a very limited knowledge base on the impacts of near-roadway pollution in New Zealand. Furthermore, the results lend additional support to the international literature which is working to reduce residential exposures and population exposure disparities through better policies and improved environmental planning. Where possible, the
placement of sensitive population groups within highway corridors, e.g. retirement homes, social housing complexes, schools and childcare centres, should be avoided.
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Theresa, Zaina. "An investigation into the high turnover rate in the housekeeping department a case study of an international hotel in Auckland : this dissertation [thesis] is submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Masters in International Hospitality Management, December 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
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Doyle, Paul Norman. "The effects of human activities on stream water quality case studies in New Zealand and Germany : thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Earth and Oceanic Sciences Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, September 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.
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Mitchell, Phillipa Marlis. "Accessing the in between: The conditions of possibility emerging from interactions with information and communications technologies in Auckland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3456.
Full textAbstract:
The complex interactions between individuals, institutions and information and communications technologies (ICTs) have generated a growing body of research that seeks greater knowledge of the processes at work and their consequences. Situated firmly within this area, this thesis challenges the dominance of the generalised and largely technologically deterministic narratives within the field by seeking to constitute such knowledge in a different way. Geography provides a useful standpoint from which to challenge these narratives owing to its enduring engagement with time and space, concepts implicit in any discussion of ICTs effects. Emerging work on code space, transurbanism and timespace are specifically used to negate the persistent dualistic treatment of time and space which is argued to be hampering geographic research in this field. Methodologically drawing from a non representational style this thesis uses these emerging understandings to access the in between, a mental space of performance; which involves the process of drawing from tacit knowledge, cognitive perceptions of the spatial and temporal environment and emotions, in order to explore the conditions of possibility that individuals are becoming aware of through their interactions with ICTs. Four empirical interventions are used to ground these emerging understandings into the reality of everyday encounters with ICTs in Auckland, New Zealand. The first focuses on the role of local government in the development of Auckland’s ICT infrastructure, a complex and contingent process. The second concentrates on the provision of a Real Time Passenger Information System at Auckland bus stops, exposing individuals to new timespaces while waiting for the bus. The third considers students opinions of the e-learning mechanisms used in two first year geography courses. The final intervention examines the role ICTs play in South Africans and South Koreans imagining, negotiation and mediation of the migration process to Auckland. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to how geography constitutes knowledge about ICTs at three different levels. Empirically, the four interventions contribute grounded findings to the debates in the geographic literature over interactions with ICTs. Methodologically, the conditions of possibility institutional and individual actors are beginning to perceive through their encounters with ICTs are revealed as are the timespaces that may eventuate from these. Theoretically, to understand how the interactions between individuals and ICTs are performed this thesis demonstrates the need to interrogate the in between as a process, not just a gap or blank.
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Doody, Brendan James. "The low carbon commute : rethinking the habits that connect home and work in Auckland and London through John Dewey's pragmatism." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11583/.
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Neoliberalism has fundamentally altered how diverse sectors such as energy, health, and transport have come to be understood and governed. In exercising their ‘freedom of choice’ individual consumers are now held responsible for the social or environmental consequences of their decisions and actions. States have accordingly sought to intervene, influence and change the choices of citizens in a variety of spheres of everyday life. This thesis, by exploring how they understand action, demonstrates why these interventions are severely limited. It examines different approaches which have or could inform such interventions and how they theorise, research, and propose to, govern citizen’s actions. Of those considered, it argues John Dewey’s pragmatist writings, especially on habit and experience, by providing a dynamic understanding of how action continually emerges out of an individual’s interactions with their social and physical environments are particularly pertinent. The relevance of this approach for contemporary sustainability and climate change debates is demonstrated through a focus on commuting, which has become a central concern of various behaviour change agendas. The thesis draws on a range of empirical materials generated and collected through interviews, go-alongs and ethnography during fieldwork with local and migrant workers in Auckland, New Zealand and London, United Kingdom. The methodology aimed to produce a range of data on the stable and dynamic aspects of the internal and external environments, and phases, of action. These empirical materials are employed to demonstrate both the limitations of the dominant psychological and economic behavioural models and the potential of a Deweyan-inspired approach for understanding action. The thesis is structured around three associated interventions. First, the soft or libertarian paternalist concept of ‘choice architecture’ is explored. This approach it is suggested is limited in that it fails to problematize and politicise the notion of choice or account for the emergence of purposive and meaningful action. The notion of ‘habit infrastructures’ is introduced as a way of recognising how subjectivities and preferences are always conditioned but not determined by the histories and politics of physical environments and established social norms, values and ideologies, as individuals always retain the capacity to act upon the world. Second, the notion that various ‘barriers’ prevent individuals from making more sustainable choices is critiqued. The concept is too static, fixed, ahistorical and individualistic to account for the complexities of action and social change. It is demonstrated that such a framing offers little insight into why the number of year round cyclists is increasing in Auckland and London, and how regular commuter cyclists anticipate, experience, and negotiate changing weather conditions alongside a range of other everyday routines and practices. Dewey’s theory of situations is instead shown to provide a way of understanding the continuous and contingent contexts in which these experiences unfold and associated habits emerge. Third, dominant behavioural models typically conceptualise habit and thought as polar opposites. Following Dewey the thesis argues they are better understood as phases within human experience. This argument is developed by exploring how people’s commuting practices emerge out of repeated encounters with particular environments. The transition from the unfamiliar to familiar is marked by a development of new habits which alter people’s sense and experience of these environments and allow them to negotiate and adjust to changes in these contexts often with little or no thought. Dewey thus can provide a useful starting point for rethinking the relationship between habit and thought in future interventions. Given the social, economic and political uncertainties it is unlikely that existing urban infrastructures and systems will be radically reconfigured in the near future. Even if they were, history reminds us technology without accompanying social change will not be sufficient to address crises such as climate change. Behaviour change interventions, therefore, will likely remain a primary policy response to the challenges posed by increasing carbon emissions, resource consumption and demand. This thesis contends such interventions need to move beyond existing dominant behavioural models if they are to facilitate change. John Dewey, with his tenacious insistence on the situated, relational, more-than-individual and emergent character of action, provides an alternative approach which helps to reveal both the challenges and possible openings for developing a less carbon and resource intensive world.