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Journal articles on the topic 'Au/WO3'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 April 2024

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1

Xue, Dongping, and Zhanying Zhang. "Au-sensitized WO3 nanoparticles synthesized and their enhanced acetone sensing properties." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 04 (August 2018): 1850071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718500716.

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Au-sensitized WO3 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The structures, morphologies and surface compositions of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The test results show that we have prepared higher purity Au-sensitized WO3 nanoparticles. The gas-sensing properties of pure and Au-sensitized WO3 nanoparticles on acetone vapor were further investigated. The results obtained show that the response-recovery time of the two samples prepared is relatively short compared to that reported in the current literature. The Au-sensitized WO3 nanoparticles are significantly more sensitive and selective than the pure WO3 nanoparticles. This may be mainly attributed to the synergy between Au and WO3. It is expected that the Au-sensitized WO3 nanoparticles thus prepared can also be used for research in other fields.

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2

Minggu, Lorna Jeffery, Nurul Akmal Jaafar, Kim Hang Ng, Khuzaimah Arifin, and Rozan Mohamad Yunus. "Electrodeposited WO3/Au Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Reactions." Sains Malaysiana 49, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 3155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4912-27.

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This work aims to study the effect of gold (Au) loading on the photoelectrochemical behavior of tungsten trioxide (WO3) photoelectrodes. The WO3 film has been fabricated via electrodeposition method with constant potential on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The Au nanoparticle loading on WO3 films surface was also prepared by constant potential electrodeposition. Due to the small amount of Au loading, the band gap values of the plasmonized WO3 remained around 2.6 eV. However, during the photoelectrochemical analysis, the photoactivity of the plasmonized WO3 photoelectrodes improved >100% with a minimal amount of Au loading compared to the pristine WO3. The photocurrent generation was further enhanced with the presence of organic donors (methanol and formic acid). The photocurrent achieved 3.74 mA/cm2 when 1.0 M of formic acid was added. Plausible charge transfer mechanism was suggested.

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3

Jeffery Minggu, Lorna, Nurul Akmal Jaafar, Kim Hang Ng, Khuzaimah Arifin, and Rozan Mohamad Yunus. "Electrodeposited WO3/Au Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Reactions." Sains Malaysiana 49, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 3209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4912-32.

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This work aims to study the effect of gold (Au) loading on the photoelectrochemical behavior of tungsten trioxide (WO3) photoelectrodes. The WO3 film has been fabricated via electrodeposition method with constant potential on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The Au nanoparticle loading on WO3 films surface was also prepared by constant potential electrodeposition. Due to the small amount of Au loading, the band gap values of the plasmonized WO3 remained around 2.6 eV. However, during the photoelectrochemical analysis, the photoactivity of the plasmonized WO3 photoelectrodes improved >100% with a minimal amount of Au loading compared to the pristine WO3. The photocurrent generation was further enhanced with the presence of organic donors (methanol and formic acid). The photocurrent achieved 3.74 mA/cm2 when 1.0 M of formic acid was added. Plausible charge transfer mechanism was suggested.

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4

Figueiredo, Nuno M., Filipe Vaz, Luís Cunha, and Albano Cavaleiro. "Au-WO3 Nanocomposite Coatings for Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing." Materials 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010246.

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Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) gas sensors are gaining increasing importance due to their unique tuneable functional properties. Au-WO3−x nanocomposite coatings, in particular, can be outstandingly sensitive to many different gases. However, a proper understanding of their optical properties and the way in which those properties are correlated to their structure/microstructure, is still needed. In this work, Au-WO3 nanocomposite coatings, with Au contents between 0–11 atomic percent, were grown using reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique and were characterized concerning their optical response. The precipitation of Au nanoparticles in the oxide matrix was promoted through thermal annealing treatments until 500 °C. Along with the Au nanoparticles’ morphological changes, the annealing treatments stimulated the crystallization of WO3, together with the appearance of oxygen-deficient WO3−x phases. Through theoretical simulations, we have related the LSPR effect with the different structural and morphological variations (namely, size and distribution of the nanoparticles and their local environment), which were a function of the Au content and annealing temperature. Our results suggest that local voids were present in the vicinity of the Au nanoparticles, for all temperature range, and that they should be present in a wide variety of Au-WO3 nanocomposites. A theoretical study concerning the refractive index sensitivity was carried out in order to predict the optimal coating design parameters for gas sensing experiments.

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5

Paliwal, Ayushi, Monika Tomar, and Vinay Gupta. "Thickness Dependent Optical Properties of WO3 Thin Film using Surface Plasmon Resonance." MRS Proceedings 1494 (2013): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.137.

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ABSTRACTThe effect of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin film thickness on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties have been investigated. WO3 films of varying the thickness (36 nm, 60 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm and 200nm) have been deposited onto Au coated prism (Au/prism) by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. The SPR responses of bilayer films were fitted with the Fresnel’s equations in order to calculate the dielectric constant of WO3 thin film. The variation of complex dielectric constant and refractive index with the thickness of WO3 thin film was studied.

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6

Székely, István, Zoltán Kovács, Mihai Rusu, Tamás Gyulavári, Milica Todea, Monica Focșan, Monica Baia, and Zsolt Pap. "Tungsten Oxide Morphology-Dependent Au/TiO2/WO3 Heterostructures with Applications in Heterogenous Photocatalysis and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." Catalysts 13, no. 6 (June 17, 2023): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13061015.

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Developing highly efficient Au/TiO2/WO3 heterostructures with applications in heterogeneous photocatalysis (photocatalytic degradation) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (dye detection) is currently of paramount significance. Au/TiO2/WO3 heterostructures were obtained via heat or time-assisted synthesis routes developed by slightly modifying the Turkevich–Frens synthesis methods and were investigated by TEM, SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, photoluminescence, and UV–vis DRS techniques. Structural features, such as WO3 crystalline phases, TiO2 surface defects, as well as the WO3 (220) to TiO2-A (101) ratio, were the key parameters needed to obtain heterostructures with enhanced photocatalytic activity for removing oxalic acid, phenol, methyl orange, and aspirin. Photodegradation efficiencies of 95.9 and 96.9% for oxalic acid; above 96% (except one composite) for phenol; 90.1 and 97.9% for methyl orange; and 81.6 and 82.1% for aspirin were obtained. By employing the SERS technique, the detection limit of crystal violet dye, depending on the heterostructure, was found to be between 10−7–10−8 M. The most promising composite was Au/TiO2/WO3-HW-TA it yielded conversion rates of 82.1, 95.9 and 96.8% for aspirin, oxalic acid, and phenol, respectively, and its detection limit for crystal violet was 10−8 M. Au/TiO2/WO3-NWH-HA achieved 90.1, 96.6 and 99.0% degradation efficiency for methyl orange, oxalic acid, and phenol, respectively, whereas its limit of detection was 10−7 M. The Au/TiO2/WO3 heterojunctions exhibited excellent stability as SERS substrates, yielding strong-intensity Raman signals of the pollutant molecules even after a long period of time.

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7

Yoo, Ran, Hyun-Sook Lee, Wonkyung Kim, Yunji Park, Aran Koo, Sang-Hyun Jin, Thang Viet Pham, Myung Jong Kim, Sunglyul Maeng, and Wooyoung Lee. "Selective Detection of Nitrogen-Containing Compound Gases." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 15, 2019): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163565.

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N-containing gaseous compounds, such as trimethylamine (TMA), triethylamine (TEA), ammonia (NH3), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exude irritating odors and are harmful to the human respiratory system at high concentrations. In this study, we investigated the sensing responses of five sensor materials—Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanoparticles (NPs), Pt-loaded AZO NPs, a Pt-loaded WO3 (Pt-WO3) thin film, an Au-loaded WO3 (Au-WO3) thin film, and N-doped graphene—to the five aforementioned gases at a concentration of 10 parts per million (ppm). The ZnO- and WO3-based materials exhibited n-type semiconducting behavior, and their responses to tertiary amines were significantly higher than those of nitric oxides. The N-doped graphene exhibited p-type semiconducting behavior and responded only to nitric oxides. The Au- and Pt-WO3 thin films exhibited extremely high responses of approximately 100,000 for 10 ppm of triethylamine (TEA) and approximately −2700 for 10 ppm of NO2, respectively. These sensing responses are superior to those of previously reported sensors based on semiconducting metal oxides. On the basis of the sensing response results, we drew radar plots, which indicated that selective pattern recognition could be achieved by using the five sensing materials together. Thus, we demonstrated the possibility to distinguish each type of gas by applying the patterns to recognition techniques.

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8

Lamichhane, Shiva, Savita Sharma, Monika Tomar, and Arijit Chowdhuri. "Effect of variation in glancing angle deposition on resistive switching property of WO₃ thin films for RRAM devices." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 13 (October 7, 2022): 134102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103236.

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In this paper, nanostructured tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films are deposited using the RF-magnetron sputtering technique in Glancing Angle (GLAD) arrangement. Variation in the structural, morphological, optical, and resistive switching (RS) characteristics of nanostructured WO3 film is investigated as a function of GLAD angle (60°–80°). Electrical studies on nanostructured WO3 films deposited at room temperature are found to exhibit enhanced bipolar resistive-switching properties in metal–insulator–metal pattern [Au/WO3/ITO]. The RON/ROFF ratio between high and low resistance states was noted to be about 190 besides a minimum set voltage of ∼2.22 V in the case of the WO3 thin film deposited at the 70° glancing angle. A detailed current transport mechanism analysis indicates the existence of ohmic-behavior and trap-assisted space charge limited conduction as the governing mechanisms at the state of low and high applied bias, respectively. Good data-retention characteristics coupled with reproducible and fast RS capabilities obtained with Au/WO3/ITO device structure promise scope of rapid development in future RS-based novel memory device applications.

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9

Fauzi, Aynul Sakinah Ahmad, Nur Laila Hamidah, Shota Kitamura, Taiga Kodama, Kosuke Sonda, Ghina Kifayah Putri, Takeshi Shinkai, et al. "Electrochemical Detection of Ethanol in Air Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Combined with Au-WO3." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 3194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093194.

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Detection, monitoring, and analysis of ethanol are important in various fields such as health care, food industries, and safety control. In this study, we report that a solid electrolyte gas sensor based on a proton-conducting membrane is promising for detecting ethanol in air. We focused on graphene oxide (GO) as a new solid electrolyte because it shows a high proton conductivity at room temperature. GO nanosheets are synthesized by oxidation and exfoliation of expanded graphite via the Tour’s method. GO membranes are fabricated by stacking GO nanosheets by vacuum filtration. To detect ethanol, Au-loaded WO3 is used as the sensing electrode due to the excellent activity of gold nanoparticles for the catalysis of organic molecules. Au-WO3 is coupled with rGO (reduced graphene oxide) to facilitate the electron transport in the electrode. Ce ions are intercalated into the GO membrane to facilitate proton transport. The sensor based on the Ce doped-GO membrane combined with Au-WO3/rGO as a sensing electrode shows good electric potential difference (ΔV) responses to ethanol in the air at room temperature. The sensor signal reaches more than 600 mV in response to ethanol at 40 ppm in air, making it possible to detect ethanol at a few ppb (parts per billion) level. The ethanol sensing mechanism was discussed in terms of the mixed-potential theory and catalysis of ethanol on Au-WO3.

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10

Balázsi, Csaba, Radu Ionescu, and Katarína Sedlácková. "Hexagonal WO₃ Films with Carbon Nanotubes for Sensing Applications." Materials Science Forum 589 (June 2008): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.589.67.

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In this work, nanocrystalline hexagonal tungsten oxide was prepared by acidic precipitation from sodium tungstate solution. TEM studies of nanopowders showed that the average size of the hexagonal nanoparticles is 30-50 nm. Novel nanocomposites were prepared by embedding a low amount of gold decorated carbon nanotubes into the hex-WO3 matrix. The addition of MWCNTs lowered the temperature range of sensitivity of hex-WO3 nanocomposites to NO2 hazardous gas. The sensitivity of hex - WO3 with Au-decorated MWCNTs to NO2 is at the temperature range between 25°C and 250°C.

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11

Castello Lux, Kevin, Katia Fajerwerg, Julie Hot, Erick Ringot, Alexandra Bertron, Vincent Collière, Myrtil L. Kahn, Stéphane Loridant, Yannick Coppel, and Pierre Fau. "Nano-Structuration of WO3 Nanoleaves by Localized Hydrolysis of an Organometallic Zn Precursor: Application to Photocatalytic NO2 Abatement." Nanomaterials 12, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 4360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12244360.

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WO3 is a known photocatalytic metal oxide frequently studied for its depollution properties. However, it suffers from a high recombination rate of the photogenerated electron/holes pair that is detrimental to its performance. In this paper, we present a new chemical method to decorate WO3 nanoleaves (NLs) with a complementary metal oxide (ZnWO4) in order to improve the photocatalytic performance of the composite material for the abatement of 400 ppb NO2 under mild UV exposure. Our strategy was to synthesize WO3·2H2O nanoleaves, then, to expose them, in water-free organic solution, to an organometallic precursor of Zn(Cy)2. A structural water molecule from WO3·2H2O spontaneously decomposes Zn(Cy)2 and induces the formation of the ZnO@WO3·H2O nanocomposite. The material was characterized by electronic microscopy (SEM, TEM), TGA, XRD, Raman and solid NMR spectroscopies. A simple thermal treatment under air at 500 °C affords the ZnWO4@WO3 nanocomposite. The resulting material, additionally decorated with 1% wt. Au, presents a remarkable increase (+166%) in the photocatalytic abatement of NO2 under UV compared to the pristine WO3 NLs. This synthesis method paves the way to the versatile preparation of a wide range of MOx@WO3 nanocomposites (MOx = metal oxide).

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12

Niran F. Abdul-Jabbar, Issam M.Ibrahim, and Abeer H. Fezaa. "The effect of gold Nanoparticles on Structural and Electrical properties of WO3 thin films." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 23, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v23i2.659.

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Chemical spray pyrolysis technique was used at temperature 250˚C with annealing temperature at 400C˚( for 1hour) to deposition tungsten oxide thin film with different doping concentration of Au nanoparticle (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40) wt.% on glass substrate with thickness about 100 nm. The structural and electrical properties were investigated. The structure properties shows that the films at substrate by x-ray diffraction (XRD) temperature (250˚C) was amorphous structure while at annealing temperature have a polycrystalline structure with the preferred orientation of (200) , all the samples have a hexagonal structure for WO3 and Au gold nanoparticles have a cubic structure .The mechanisms of dc-conductivity of un-doped WO3 and doped with Au (10,20,30 and 40) wt.% thin films at the range (303 to 473) K have been discussed , there is decrease in conductivity with the increase in the doping concentration and hall measurements show that all films have a negative hall coefficient and nH increases with the increase of Au dopant ratio and decreasing in carrier mobility (μH) with increasing of Au .

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13

Lin, Jin Yang, Yong Ai Zhang, Ling Jie Wang, and Tai Liang Guo. "WO₃-Based Sensor Based on Hall Effect for NO₂ Detection: Designed and Investigation." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1042.

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Novel tungsten oxide sensors were fabricated based on Hall Effect and their NO2 gas sensing properties were examined. Tungsten trioxide was grown by vapor evaporation of metal tungsten filament in an oxygen atmosphere. A WO3 thick film was deposited on the four Au electrode to be a WO3 sensor. The sensor was tested between magnetic field in a plastic test chamber. The gas sensing experiment revealed that at the NO2 concentration of 40 ppm, a sensitivity of 3.27, a response time of 36 s, and a recovery time of 45 s were observed at room-temperature. The effect of WO3 based on Hall Effect on the sensing characteristic is discussed.

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14

Krajczewski, Jan, Robert Ambroziak, Sylwia Turczyniak-Surdacka, and Małgorzata Dziubałtowska. "WO3 Nanopores Array Modified by Au Trisoctahedral NPs: Formation, Characterization and SERS Application." Materials 15, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 8706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238706.

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The WO3 nanopores array was obtained by an anodization method in aqueous solution with addition of F- ions. Several factors affecting the final morphology of the samples were tested such as potential, time, and F- concentrations. The morphology of the formed nanopores arrays was examined by SEM microscopy. It was found that the optimal time of anodization process is in the range of 0.5–1 h. The nanopores size increased with the increasing potential. The XPS measurements do not show any contamination by F- on the surface, which is common for WOx samples formed by an anodization method. Such a layer was successfully modified by anisotropic gold trisoctahedral NPs of various sizes. The Au NPs were obtained by seed-mediated growth method. The shape and size of Au NPs was analysed by TEM microscopy and optical properties by UV-VIS spectroscopy. It was found that the WO3-Au platform has excellent SERS activity. The R6G molecules could be detected even in the range of 10−9 M.

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15

Desseigne, Margaux, Virginie Chevallier, Véronique Madigou, Marie-Vanessa Coulet, Olivier Heintz, Hassan Ait Ahsaine, and Madjid Arab. "Plasmonic Photocatalysts Based on Au Nanoparticles and WO3 for Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Activity." Catalysts 13, no. 10 (September 29, 2023): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13101333.

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In this work, we report the application of Au/WO3 composite as a photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes under solar light irradiation. Au/WO3 nanocomposites were synthesized using an acid precipitation method followed by an impregnation/reduction at room temperature. Two composites were obtained by loading gold nanoparticles on two morphologies of nanostructured WO3, nanoplatelets (NP), and pseudospheres (PS). The elaboration parameters of the nanocomposites were optimized according to the gold mass percentage, the HAuCl4 precursor concentration, and the impregnation time. The structural, microstructural, and textural characterization were conducted using advanced techniques: XRD, SEM/TEM microscopies, and XPS and DRS spectroscopies. The optimal synthesis parameters are a 48 h impregnation of a five mass percentage of gold from a HAuCl4 precursor with a concentration of 10−3 mol·L−1. The obtained composites were formed with Au nanoparticles of 7 nm in size. The XRD analyses did not reveal any modification of the oxide supports structure after gold grafting, contrary to the sorption analyses, which evidenced a change in the state of the materials surface. XPS analysis revealed the reduction of W6+ ions into W5+, favoring the presence of oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, a localized surface plasmon resonance effect was observed in the composite at 540 nm. The photocatalysis results of several dye pollutants have shown a selective degradation efficiency depending on the charge of the polluting molecules, pH medium, and mass loading of the catalysts. At the native pH, the photocatalysis process is highly efficient on a cationic molecule, with a low adsorption capacity. Au/WO3 PS composite appears to be the most efficient, degrading almost the whole RhB and MB only in 60 min and 90 min, respectively, while, for the MO anionic dye, the degradation is more efficient in acidic medium (80%) than in basic medium (0%). Trap tests of the main active species were investigated and a photodecomposition mechanism is proposed.

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16

Najafi-Ashtiani, Hamed. "The effect of different surface morphologies on WO3 and WO3-Au gas-sensors performance." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 30, no. 13 (May 28, 2019): 12224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01581-w.

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17

Sagidolda, Yerulan, Saule Yergaliyeva, Zhandos Tolepov, Guzal Ismailova, Bakytzhan Orynbay, Renata Nemkayeva, Oleg Prikhodko, et al. "Peculiarities of the Structure of Au-TiO2 and Au-WO3 Plasmonic Nanocomposites." Materials 16, no. 20 (October 22, 2023): 6809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16206809.

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As nanotechnology continues to advance, the study of nanocomposites and their unique properties is at the forefront of research. There are still various blank spots in understanding the behavior of such composite materials, especially regarding plasmonic effects like localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) which is essential for developing advanced nanotechnologies. In this work, we explore the structural properties of composite thin films consisting of oxide matrices and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), which were prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tungsten trioxide (WO3) were chosen as the host matrices of the composites. Such composite thin films owing to the presence of Au NPs demonstrate the LSPR phenomenon in the visible region. It is shown, that spectroscopic study, in particular, Raman spectroscopy can reveal peculiar features of structures of such composite systems due to LSPR and photoluminescence (PL) of Au NPs in the visible spectrum. In particular, defect peaks of TiO2 (700–720 cm−1) or WO3 (935 cm−1) in Raman spectra can be clearly observed when the samples are illuminated with a 633 nm excitation laser. Excitation with 532 nm leads to a decrease in the intensity of the defect peak, which totally disappears at 473 nm excitation. Such dependences of the defect peaks on excitation laser wavelength are probably related to the polarization of the matrix’s defective regions close to the interface with gold NPs.

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18

Rusu, M., M. Baia, Zs Pap, V. Danciu, and L. Baia. "Structural investigations of TiO2–WO3–Au porous composites." Journal of Molecular Structure 1073 (September 2014): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.04.087.

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19

Wang, Xiaoguang, Honghui Pan, Minghui Sun, and Yanrong Zhang. "Au single atom-anchored WO₃/TiO₂ nanotubes for the photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 11 (2022): 6078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08143h.

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Anchoring Au atoms on WO3/TiO2 nanotubes by a simple two-step electrochemical approach significantly improved the photocatalytic degradation of toluene, due to the enhanced transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers and adsorption.

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20

Al-Kuhaili, M. F., A. H. Al-Aswad, S. M. A. Durrani, and I. A. Bakhtiari. "Energy-saving transparent heat mirrors based on tungsten oxide–gold WO3/Au/WO3 multilayer structures." Solar Energy 86, no. 11 (November 2012): 3183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.08.008.

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21

Deng, Henghua, Dongfang Yang, Bo Chen, and Chii-Wann Lin. "Simulation of surface plasmon resonance of Au–WO3−x and Ag–WO3−x nanocomposite films." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 134, no. 2 (September 2008): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2008.05.032.

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22

DePuccio, Daniel P., Lidia Ruíz-Rodríguez, Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón, Pablo Botella, José M. López Nieto, and Christopher C. Landry. "Investigating the Influence of Au Nanoparticles on Porous SiO2–WO3 and WO3 Methanol Transformation Catalysts." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120, no. 49 (December 2, 2016): 27954–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b08125.

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23

Xu, Fang, Yanwen Yao, Dandan Bai, Ruishu Xu, Jingjing Mei, Dapeng Wu, Zhiyong Gao, and Kai Jiang. "Au nanoparticle decorated WO3 photoelectrode for enhanced photoelectrochemical properties." RSC Advances 5, no. 74 (2015): 60339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra06241a.

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WO₃–Au photoanode exhibited about 4 times enhancement of photocurrent density compared to WO₃ photoanode because WO₃–Au possess the higher light absorption and lower transport resistance due to surface plasmonic resonance of Au nanoparticles.

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24

Алмаев, А. В., Н. Н. Яковлев, Е. В. Черников, and О. П. Толбанов. "Селективные сенсоры двуокиси азота на основе тонких пленок оксида вольфрама при воздействии оптического излучения." Письма в журнал технической физики 45, no. 20 (2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2019.20.48384.17901.

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The possibility of selective detection of NO2 in the air starting with a concentration of 1 ppm by means of sensors based on thin films of Au/WO3:Au when replacing the heating by the irradiation of the diode with the wavelength of 400 nm of maximum intensity of radiation is shown. Activation of photodesorption by irradiation reduces the response times of sensors under the influence of NO2 by an order of magnitude. It was found that the effect of high humidity in the conditions of irradiation of sensors at room temperature leads to an increase in response to NO2, due to the appearance of additional adsorption centers. The lack of sensor response to reducing gases and the change in the oxygen concentration in the gas mixture is caused by photodesorption of chemisorbed O2- when interacting with holes that generated under exposure of irradiation in the near-surface area of WO3.

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Figueiredo, N. M., Y. T. Pei, J. T. M. De Hosson, and A. Cavaleiro. "Structural and functional properties of nanocomposite Au–WO3 coatings." Surface and Coatings Technology 280 (October 2015): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.08.057.

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26

Ng, Kim Hang, Lorna Jeffery Minggu, Nurul Akmal Jaafar, Khuzaimah Arifin, and Mohammad Bin Kassim. "Enhanced plasmonic photoelectrochemical response of Au sandwiched WO3 photoanodes." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 172 (December 2017): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.07.040.

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27

Park, Kyung-Won. "Electrochromic properties of Au–WO3 nanocomposite thin-film electrode." Electrochimica Acta 50, no. 24 (August 2005): 4690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.03.001.

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28

Reddy, B. Narsimha, P. Naresh Kumar, and Melepurath Deepa. "A Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole)-Au@WO3-Based Electrochromic Pseudocapacitor." ChemPhysChem 16, no. 2 (November 4, 2014): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201402625.

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29

Ibrahim, Isam M. "The effect of gold nanoparticles on WO3 thin film." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 16, no. 36 (October 1, 2018): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v16i36.22.

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Chemical spray pyrolysis technique was used at substrate temperature 250 ˚C with annealing temperature at 400 ˚C (for 1hour) to deposition tungsten oxide thin film with different doping concentration of Au nanoparticle (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40)% wt. on glass substrate with thickness about 100 nm. The structural, optical properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction shows that the films at substrate temperature (250 ˚C) was amorphous while at annealing temperature have a polycrystalline structure with the preferred orientation of (200), all the samples have a hexagonal structure for WO3 and Au gold nanoparticles have a cubic structure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the morphology of the films. The optical properties of the films were studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometer within the wavelength in the range (300-1100) nm. The optical energy gap of the films was (2.80) eV for WO3 and it decreased at annealing temperature (400 ˚C) equal to (2.65) eV. And finally the optical constants such as refractive index, real and imaginary dielectrics, absorption coefficient, absorption, transmission, and extinction coefficient were investigated.

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Shujah, T., M. Ikram, A. R. Butt, M. K. Shahzad, K. Rashid, Q. Zafar, and S. Ali. "H2S Gas Sensor Based on WO3 Nanostructures Synthesized via Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2019.3011.

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Herein we demonstrate tungsten oxide (WO3 nanostructures based resistive type sensors for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas sensing utility. The WO3 dynamic layers have been deposited upon alumina substrates pre-patterned with gold (Au) interdigitated electrodes. For comparative study, two distinct WO3 nanostructures (S-425 and S-450) have been synthesized using Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AACVD) technique at varied deposition temperatures i.e., 425 and 450 °C, respectively. The gas detecting properties of both sensors were investigated against varied concentration (0-60 ppm) of H2S gas levels. The electrical resistance of fabricated gas detectors has been observed at DC bias of 5 V and low operating temperature 250 °C. Specifically, when concentration of H2S gas increases from 0-10 ppm, average resistance of the S-425 and S-450 gas sensors was observed to decrease by 96.5% and 97.6%, respectively. In general, the sensing mechanism of gas sensors proposed in this work can be associated with ionosorption of oxygen species over WO3 nanostructured surfaces. However, the significantly enhanced sensing performance of S-450 sensor may be attributed to improved crystallinity in its structure and improved ions adsorption/desorption kinetics at nanorods surface morphology.

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Qamar, M., Z. H. Yamani, M. A. Gondal, and K. Alhooshani. "Synthesis and comparative photocatalytic activity of Pt/WO3 and Au/WO3 nanocomposites under sunlight-type excitation." Solid State Sciences 13, no. 9 (September 2011): 1748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2011.07.002.

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32

Mustafa, M. H., and A. A. Shihab. "Effect of ratio gold nanoparticles on the properties and efficiency photovoltaic of thin films of amorphous tungsten trioxide." Journal of Ovonic Research 19, no. 6 (November 2023): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2023.196.623.

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At a substrate temperature of 320 o C, a chemical spray pyrolysis approach was applied. to create tungsten oxide thin films on glass substrates with varying Au nanoparticle doping concentrations (0, 0.04 and 0.08 M) that have a thickness of roughly 250 nm. Investigated were the structural and optical characteristics. The films were amorphous to the pure films at the substrate temperature (320 °C), according to X-ray diffraction and remain so even after adding GNPs, because the WO3 structure is amorphous in all samples, whereas the cubic structure of the gold nanoparticles. The morphology of the films was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed a decrease in the grain size of the films doped with gold compared to the thin films before the doping process. a UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to examine the membranes' optical characteristics between the wavelengths of (300-1000) nm. was the optical energy gap of the films (3.23) eV for tungsten oxide film and decreased after adding nanoscale gold to (3.04, 2.95) eV for films doped with different proportions of Au NPs (0.04, 0.08 M), respectively. Hall testing confirms that with 8 (mM) Gold (Au) doping, WO3 material of the n type was obtained with a maximum carrier mobility of 219.92(cm2 /Vs) and conductivity of 6.52 (Ω.cm)-1 . The I-V characteristics of the photovoltaic formed under illumination were determined by measuring the incident power density (100 mW/cm2 ) at varied Au doping levels.

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Wang, Dongran, Kai Xia, Haibin Tang, Zhulin Huang, Yao Zhang, Xiujuan Wang, Guangtao Fei, and Guowen Meng. "UV–Vis–NIR broad spectral photodetectors facilely fabricated with nonmetal plasmonic WO_3−x nanosheets." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 25 (December 19, 2022): 253503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0130645.

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Plasmonic metal nanostructures have been widely applied in photodetectors for the enhanced light response range and sensitivity. In contrast, photodetection based on surface plasmon effect of the emerging plasmonic nonmetals has not been investigated. Here, single nonmetal plasmonic WO3−x nanosheets were used as the sensing material for UV–Vis–NIR broad spectral photodetectors. The plasmonic WO3−x nanosheets were synthesized by solvothermal and follow-up thermal treatment in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere, which exhibited a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band centered at 899 nm with broad spectral absorption spanned from UV to NIR. Then photodetectors fabricated facilely by depositing Au electrodes on a film of WO3−x nanosheets showed sensitive response for the regulation of conductance through the plasmonic hot free charge carriers. The responsivity and detectivity were 52 mA/W and 1.46 × 108 Jones under an incident light with a wavelength of 980 nm with an ultralow bias of 0.01 V, and went up to 538 mA/W and 4.75 × 108 Jones under 0.1 V. The results demonstrate the great potential of nonmetal plasmonic materials for photodetection.

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Kim, Soohyun, Sunghoon Park, Suyoung Park, and Chongmu Lee. "Acetone sensing of Au and Pd-decorated WO3 nanorod sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 209 (March 2015): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.11.106.

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Wang, Yinglin, Bo Zhang, Jie Liu, Qiuyue Yang, Xiaobiao Cui, Yuan Gao, Xiaohong Chuai, et al. "Au-loaded mesoporous WO3: Preparation and n-butanol sensing performances." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 236 (November 2016): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.05.097.

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36

Bose, R. Jolly, V. S. Kavitha, C. Sudarsanakumar, and V. P. Mahadevan Pillai. "Phase modification and surface plasmon resonance of Au/WO3 system." Applied Surface Science 379 (August 2016): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.04.100.

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Li, Wei, Dongdong Huang, Tingting Wang, Chan Zheng, Xueqing Xiao, Shuguang Cai, and Wenzhe Chen. "Au nanoparticle decorated WO3 nanorods with enhanced optical limiting activity." Optical Materials Express 10, no. 10 (September 21, 2020): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.403617.

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38

Chen, Bo, Dongfang Yang, and Chii-Wann Lin. "Surface plasmon resonance response of Au–WO3−x composite films." Applied Physics A 97, no. 2 (May 7, 2009): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-009-5249-4.

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Liu, Chunlei, Jikai Yang, Haorui Liu, and Yiming Zhao. "Electrochromism and photoelectrochemical performance of WO3/Au composite film electrodes." Optoelectronics Letters 19, no. 11 (November 2023): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-023-3087-9.

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40

DePuccio, Daniel P., Pablo Botella, Bruce O’Rourke, and Christopher C. Landry. "Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Porous WO3, SiO2–WO3, and Their Au-Loaded Analogs: Adsorption and Photocatalytic Studies." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, no. 3 (January 16, 2015): 1987–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am507806a.

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41

Qamar, M., Z. H. Yamani, M. A. Gondal, and K. Alhooshani. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Comparative Photocatalytic Activity of Pt/WO3 and Au/WO3 Nanocomposites under Sunlight-Type Excitation." ChemInform 42, no. 49 (November 10, 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201149011.

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42

Thakur, Uttam Narendra, Radha Bhardwaj, Pawan K. Ajmera, and Arnab Hazra. "ANN based approach for selective detection of breath acetone by using hybrid GO-FET sensor array." Engineering Research Express 4, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 025008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac6487.

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Abstract This research used hybrid graphene oxide (GO) field effect transistors (FETs) based sensor array to design an electronic nose (e-nose) for identifying exhaled breath acetone to diagnose diabetes mellitus through noninvasive route. Six back gated FET sensors were fabricated with hybrid channel of GO, WO3 and noble metals (Au, Pd and Pt) nanoparticles. The experiment was carried out by using four distinct forms of synthetic breath, each with a different level of interference. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were utilized to classify and analyze the sensor response vector. In contrast, partial least square (PLS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were used to evaluate the exact acetone concentration in synthetic breath. First, LDA was used to lower the dimensionality of the response vector, which was then provided as an input to the ANN model. ANN was performed with ten perceptrons model in the hidden layer and highest accuracy of 99.1% was achieved. Additionally, by using the loading plot of PLS, three sensors (Pt/WO3/GO, Pd/WO3/GO, and WO3/GO) had the ample use to predict the concentration of breath acetone. Moreover, the MLR approach with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9572 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.63% were used for obtaining the exact concentration of acetone. Consequently, e-nose with matrix of hybrid GO-FET sensors and pattern recognition algorithms (LDA, ANN, PLS and MLR) exhibited considerable ability in selective detection of acetone in synthetic breath.

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He, Tao, Ying Ma, Ya-an Cao, Wen-sheng Yang, and Jian-nian Yao. "Improved photochromism of WO3 thin films by addition of Au nanoparticles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 4, no. 9 (March 21, 2002): 1637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b108531j.

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DePuccio, Daniel P., and Christopher C. Landry. "Photocatalytic oxidation of methanol using porous Au/WO3 and visible light." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 20 (2016): 7512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy01449f.

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45

Drmosh, Qasem Ahmed. "Variation of Sputtered WO3 Film Thickness in Ag (NPs)/WO3/Au (NPs) System for Optimizing Sensing Behaviors to NH3." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-01, no. 56 (May 30, 2021): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-01561476mtgabs.

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Chen, Yu, Liang Shen, Wenjuan Yu, Yongbing Long, Wenbin Guo, Weiyou Chen, and Shengping Ruan. "Highly efficient ITO-free polymer solar cells based on metal resonant microcavity using WO3/Au/WO3 as transparent electrodes." Organic Electronics 15, no. 7 (July 2014): 1545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2014.04.026.

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47

YOO, J., D. OH, and E. WACHSMAN. "Investigation of WO3-based potentiometric sensor performance (M/YSZ/WO3, M = Au, Pd, and TiO2) with varying counter electrode." Solid State Ionics 179, no. 37 (November 15, 2008): 2090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2008.07.020.

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Jiang, Zikai, Weigen Chen, Lingfeng Jin, Fang Cui, Zihao Song, and Chengzhi Zhu. "High Performance Acetylene Sensor with Heterostructure Based on WO3 Nanolamellae/Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Nanosheets Operating at Low Temperature." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110909.

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The development of functionalized metal oxide/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid nanocomposites concerning power equipment failure diagnosis is one of the most recent topics. In this work, WO3 nanolamellae/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites with different contents of GO (0.5 wt %, 1 wt %, 2 wt %, 4 wt %) were synthesized via controlled hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analyses-derivative thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DTG-DSC), BET, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were utilized to investigate morphological characterizations of prepared gas sensing materials and indicated that high quality WO3 nanolamellae were widely distributed among graphene sheets. Experimental ceramic planar gas sensors composing of interdigitated alumina substrates, Au electrodes, and RuO2 heating layer were coated with WO3 nanolamellae/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films by spin-coating technique and then tested for gas sensing towards multi-concentrations of acetylene (C2H2) gases in a carrier gas with operating temperature ranging from 50 °C to 400 °C. Among four contents of prepared samples, sensing materials with 1 wt % GO nanocomposite exhibited the best C2H2 sensing performance with lower optimal working temperature (150 °C), higher sensor response (15.0 toward 50 ppm), faster response-recovery time (52 s and 27 s), lower detection limitation (1.3 ppm), long-term stability, and excellent repeatability. The gas sensing mechanism for enhanced sensing performance of nanocomposite is possibly attributed to the formation of p-n heterojunction and the active interaction between WO3 nanolamellae and rGO sheets. Besides, the introduction of rGO nanosheets leads to the impurity of synthesized materials, which creates more defects and promotes larger specific area for gas adsorption, outstanding conductivity, and faster carrier transport. The superior gas sensing properties of WO3/rGO based gas sensor may contribute to the development of a high-performance ppm-level gas sensor for the online monitoring of dissolved C2H2 gas in large-scale transformer oil.

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DePuccio, Daniel P., Pablo Botella, Bruce O’Rourke, and Christopher C. Landry. "Correction to “Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Porous WO3, SiO2–WO3, and Their Au-Loaded Analogs: Adsorption and Photocatalytic Studies”." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, no. 51 (December 16, 2015): 28714–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b11407.

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Rhaman, Md Masudur, Sumon Ganguli, Sandipan Bera, Sher Bahadur Rawal, and Ashok Kumar Chakraborty. "Visible-light responsive novel WO3/TiO2 and Au loaded WO3/TiO2 nanocomposite and wastewater remediation: Mechanistic inside and photocatalysis pathway." Journal of Water Process Engineering 36 (August 2020): 101256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101256.

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