Academic literature on the topic 'Au sein de la Société des Nations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Au sein de la Société des Nations"
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Levesque, Anne. "L’égalité réelle et la mise en œuvre intégrale du principe de Jordan." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 36 (September 18, 2020): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v36i0.6422.
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Cet article porte sur les problèmes et les retards dans la mise à œuvre du principe de Jordan au sein du gouvernement du Canada. Premièrement, l’article passe en survol les allégations de discrimination mises de l’avant par Assemblée des Premières Nations et la Société de soutien à l’enfance et aux familles des Premières Nations dans leur plainte de droits de la personne contre le Canada en ce qui a trait aux conflits de compétence et du manque de coordination entre les différents paliers et ministères de gouvernements et leur impact néfaste sur les enfants des Premières Nations. Deuxièmement, il résume la décision initiale du Tribunal canadien des droits de la personne [TCDP], rendue en janvier 2016, concernant le principe de Jordan. En troisième lieu, l’article examine les problèmes et les retards liés à la mise en œuvre de la décision du TCDP. Quatrièmement, il aborde en détail l’ordonnance de mai 2017 du TCDP obligeant le Canada de prendre des mesures concrètes pour se conformer à sa décision initiale. Dans la cinquième partie, l’article avance la thèse selon laquelle, qu’afin de véritablement assurer l’égalité réelle dans la société canadienne, le Canada doit être plus proactif dans l’identification et la remédiation de ses pratiques discriminatoires. En l’occurrence, la mise en œuvre du « Plan l’Ourson Spirit » au sein du gouvernement canadien offre une voie prometteuse vers la fin des iniquités dans la prestation de services publics pour les enfants des Premières Nations.
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Chapaux, Vincent. "L’organisation de l’international par l’occidental : quelques réflexions sur la discrimination par le diplôme au sein des organisations internationales." Notes de recherche 33, no. 1 (June 16, 2014): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025588ar.
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Les travaux de Pierre Bourdieu ont montré, à l’échelle de la société française, que les groupes économiquement dominants conservaient leur domination en partie parce que leur capital culturel était présenté comme une condition d’accès objectivement nécessaire aux fonctions dirigeantes de l’espace social français. La présente étude apporte des éléments qui tendent à prouver que ces conclusions peuvent être transposées dans l’espace social international. Prenant pour objet principal les Nations Unies, l’étude fait ressortir que le capital culturel propre aux États économiquement dominants (le groupe occidental) est largement surreprésenté au sein de ses dirigeants. Elle montre que cette conclusion peut s’appliquer également à quelques grandes organisations non gouvernementales. L’étude termine en exposant dans quelle mesure le fait de choisir des dirigeants internationaux parmi les personnes qui possèdent du capital culturel occidental constitue une discrimination à l’égard des autres groupes sociaux de la planète.
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Bengrine, Leila, Naoual Bakrin, Frédérique Rousseau, Vincent Lavoué, and Claire Falandry. "Multi-Disciplinary Care Planning of Ovarian Cancer in Older Patients: General Statement—A Position Paper from SOFOG-GINECO-FRANCOGYN-SFPO." Cancers 14, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14051295.
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In this position paper the Société Francophone d’OncoGériatrie (SOFOG; French-speaking oncogeriatric society), the Société Française de Pharmacie Oncologique (SFPO, French society for oncology pharmacy), the Groupe d’Investigateurs Nationaux pour l’Étude des Cancers de l’Ovaire et du sein (GINECO, National Investigators’ Group for Studies in Ovarian and Breast Cancer) and the Groupe Français de chirurgie Oncologique et Gynécologique (FRANCOGYN) propose a multi-disciplinary care planning of ovarian cancer in older patients. The treatment pathway is based on four successive decisional nodes (diagnosis, resectability assessment, operability assessment, adjuvant, and maintenance treatment decision) implying multidisciplinarity and adaptation of the treatment plan according to the patient’s geriatric covariates and her motivation towards treatment. Specific attention must be paid to geriatric intervention, supportive care and pharmaceutical conciliation. Studies are needed to prospectively evaluate the impact of geriatric vulnerability parameters at each step of the treatment agenda and the impact of geriatric interventions on patient outcomes.
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Chancellier, Éric. "Des outils pour la simulation économique : Jan Tinbergen et l'émergence des modèles structurels (1935–1940)." Recherches économiques de Louvain 73, no. 3 (2007): 311–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800011738.
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RésuméNous proposons d'analyser l'un des premiers outils de simulation en économie au travers les travaux de Tinbergen entre 1935 et 1940 au sein de la Société des Nations. Précisément, Tinbergen développe l'utilisation des modèles structurels destinés à la simulation économique. Nous constaterons dans une première partie la volonté de Tinbergen de simuler le mouvement économique en testant statistiquement les théories économiques des cycles. Ainsi, Tinbergen est à la recherche d'un système de fonctions dont la structure est basée sur des théories économiques. Ce système est considéré par Tinbergen comme faisant office de machine permettant alors un second niveau de simulation développée dans la deuxième partie de l'article. Précisément, la machine ainsi constituée permet des simulations de scénarios de politiques économiques. Tinbergen élabore une machine expérimentale qui lui permet de considérer à la fois des scénarios de politiques conjoncturelles et structurelles.
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Morin, David. "Le côté obscur de la force." Études internationales 44, no. 3 (January 10, 2014): 427–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1021130ar.
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Historiquement, l’usage de la force armée constitue une source de division au sein de la société canadienne, où plusieurs conceptions s’opposent. Parmi celles-ci, la conception militariste de la « nation guerrière » et sa diplomatie robuste ont gagné en vitalité depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir des conservateurs en 2006. Au coeur de la stratégie conservatrice pour substituer à l’identité internationaliste (libérale) du Canada les fondements d’un nouveau « parti de gouvernement naturel », ce discours militariste tranche avec l’approche habituellement prudente des gouvernements précédents sur la question depuis un demi-siècle. Loin de contribuer à rallier la société canadienne, ce virage révèle et exacerbe les tensions au pays, faisant au passage une victime collatérale de premier ordre : l’unité nationale.
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Bibeau, Gilles. "Un don sans retour. Interrogations à travers les cultures." Sociologie et sociétés 41, no. 1 (September 11, 2009): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037908ar.
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Résumé Dans ce texte qui fait un large appel aux notions développées par Georges Bataille dans La Part maudite, l’auteur se propose de dégager une théorie générale de l’échange sur la base d’une étude comparative de quatre grands régimes de vie sociale qu’il nomme : « société du lignage », « société du territoire », « société de l’individu » et « société de l’objet ». Il montre que ces quatre types de société apportent des réponses originales aux problèmes que posent l’appropriation des objets, le rapport à l’origine et au sang, les liens aux ancêtres morts et au passé, à la terre commune, à la tribu et à la nation, au pouvoir des chefs et des rois, aux esprits et aux dieux. Il esquisse les conditions historiques d’émergence des formations idéologiques dans lesquelles s’ancrent les logiques sociales et identitaires pour chacun des modèles de société et indique comment de vastes réseaux réticulés relient, à travers dons et contre-dons, les vivants, les morts, les gens du dedans du groupe et les étrangers du dehors, les ancêtres et les dieux. Il situe son approche au sein d’une réflexion psycho-socio-ethnologique qu’il considère être proche de la sociologie clinique pratiquée, tout au long de sa carrière, par le professeur Robert Sévigny.
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David, Charles-Philippe, and Béatrice Pascual. "Précurseur de la sécurité humaine : Le sénateur Raoul-Dandurand (1861-1942)." Études internationales 31, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 649–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/704219ar.
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Bien au-delà de son engagement auprès des hautes sphères des États, le sénateur Raoul Dandurand fut surtout un précurseur du concept de la sécurité humaine. Il avait comme objectif premier le respect des droits fondamentaux et de l'intégrité de la personne. Dans un contexte international où le règne des États était consacré, il a toujours oeuvré pour faire avancer, par le biais de sa fonction à la Société des Nations, la cause des plus démunis. Il met à profit sa présidence de l'Assemblée générale de la SDN pour promouvoir l'agenda idéaliste des relations internationales. Il défend l'utilité de développer le commerce pour avancer la cause de la paix. Il insiste sur le caractère absolument nécessaire du désarmement. Et plus particulièrement, il soutient un projet de défense des minorités au sein des empires européens éclatés et pose ainsi, en avant-gardiste, le douloureux problème de l'ingérence. Enfin, 75 ans avant que le Canada en fasse la pièce maîtresse de sa politique étrangère, Raoul Dandurand développe dès 1925, sa vision de la sécurité humaine.
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Poirier, Sylvie. "Contemporanéités autochtones, territoires et (post)colonialisme." Anthropologie et Sociétés 24, no. 1 (September 10, 2003): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015640ar.
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Résumé RÉSUMÉ Contemporanéités autochtones, territoires et (post)colonialisme Réflexions sur des exemples canadiens et australiens Bien qu'irrémédiablement transformés et aujourd'hui insérés dans le système mondial, les ordres sociaux, les consciences culturelles et les identités autochtones manifestent une persistance certaine, en même temps qu'ils se reproduisent par le biais d'un dialogue complexe avec l'État et la société dominante. Dans les contextes (post)coloniaux actuels où circulent les discours du multiculturalisme, les autochtones réclament, à l'instar d'autres groupes, le droit à la différence. Dans les processus de revendications politiques et territoriales, ils se heurtent toutefois à des idéologies politiques et juridiques encore homogènes et uniformes qui s'accordent mal avec la reconnaissance d'une altérité souvent radicale. Leurs relations aux territoires nous servent ici de fil conducteur afin d'interroger à la fois les stratégies et les résistances locales, ainsi que certains des obstacles et ambiguïtés liés aux processus de revendications. Les deux groupes à l'étude sont les Atikamekw (Haut St-Maurice, Québec, Canada) et les Kukatja (désert occidental, Australie). Nous nous interrogeons aussi sur le rôle de l'anthropologie et des anthropologues au sein des problématiques autochtones contemporaines. Mots clés : Poirier, revendications autochtones, territoires ancestraux, postcolonialisme, États-nations, Atikamekw, Kukatja, Québec, Canada, Australie
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SADIKI, Catherine AZIZA. "PROBLEMATIQUE DE L’INTEGRATION COMMUNAUTAIRE DE L’APPROCHE GENRE PAR LES ASSOCIATIONS DE DEVELOPPEMENT DU MANIEMA." IJRDO - Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 8, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/sshr.v8i11.5352.
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Le genre est un concept social consacrant l’égalité des droits et des privilèges entre l’homme et la femme dans la communauté.
Convaincue qu’il est indispensable que les deux partenaires doivent se compléter et non s’exclure pour le développement harmonieux de la société, l’Organisation des Nations Unies a classé le genre parmi ses objectifs de développement durable à atteindre d’ici 2030.
Vu que cette échéance est proche, il nous a paru utile de voir comment la province du Maniema, en République Démocratique du Congo, se prépare à ce rendez-vous.
Le constat n’incite pas à l’optimisme : toutes les autres forces sociales et politiques ne s’impliquent pas dans cette affaire. L’intégration de l’approche genre est laissée aux seules ONG locales. Or, ces dernières ne sont pas en mesure de réaliser des actions de sensibilisation de grande envergure pour arriver au changement social tant attendu par l’ONU dans quasiment les 7 ans qui restent par rapport au délai fixé.
Et ce, faute de moyens financiers et par manque de soutien de la part du gouvernement provincial qui compte pourtant un commissariat chargé du genre en son sein !
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Denizot, Marion. "Le(s) répertoire(s) du théâtre populaire : des rapports protéiformes à l’idée de nation." L’Annuaire théâtral, no. 53-54 (June 9, 2015): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1031152ar.
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Le mouvement du théâtre populaire naît, en France, au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles, en réaction à un état du théâtre jugé décadent car soumis aux contraintes mercantiles et destiné en priorité au divertissement de la bourgeoisie. Après la période des « pionniers », marquée par les figures de Romain Rolland, Maurice Pottecher, Jacques Copeau ou Firmin Gémier, s’épanouit après la Seconde Guerre mondiale une seconde génération, représentée par Jean Vilar et les hommes de la décentralisation (Jean Dasté, André Clavé, Guy Parigot, Hubert Gignoux, Maurice Sarrazin…). Si ces artistes partagent une conception du peuple sensiblement similaire (le peuple entendu dans le sens de populus, et non comme plebs), leur rapport au répertoire diffère, entre la volonté des pionniers de fonder un nouveau répertoire et celle des héritiers de promouvoir la diffusion des chefs-d’oeuvre de l’humanité, c’est-à-dire d’un répertoire que l’on a pu qualifier de « classique », qu’il soit français ou étranger. Pourtant, au-delà de ces différences, l’article se propose de montrer comment le répertoire du théâtre populaire engage deux fonctions de la culture : une fonction intégratrice au sein d’une nation constituée par une langue commune et une fonction éducatrice au sein d’une société industrielle.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Au sein de la Société des Nations"
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Paisnel, Etienne. "La noblesse de Normandie au XIXème siècle. : Du comportement socio-politique des membres de l'ancien Ordre et de son intégration au sein de la Nation." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC015.
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L’histoire de la noblesse au cours du XIXeme siècle est un champ historiographique peu exploité par les historiens français. La première grande étude étant celle de David Higgs. Auparavant, l’histoire de la noblesse post-révolutionnaire a toujours été envisagée comme partie de l’histoire des élites telles qu’établie par Louis Bergeron et Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret. Pour envisager la noblesse du XIXeme sujet spécifique, il faut dépasser le bilan dressé par Karl Marx et Jean Jaures qui ont voulu voir dans la noblesse l’expression d’une société sclérosée disparue au cours des événements révolutionnaires.Le premier point à résoudre est de trouver une définition de la noblesse qui permette d’établir une base de travail non équivoque. Ainsi, la noblesse du XIXeme siècle n’est plus celle de l’Ancien Régime. Elle n’est plus protégée par des statuts et des privilèges qu’elle a souhaité elle-même supprimer. Par conséquent la noblesse est composée d’hommes et de femmes qui ont une conscience ethnologique d’appartenir à un groupe ayant des valeurs et des comportements similaires.Le cadre géographique de la recherche est élargi à l’ensemble des cinq départements normands afin de mieux repérer et suivre les particularismes de la noblesse ainsi que l’influence de Paris limitrophe avec la région.La période s’étend de 1789 à 1910 afin de saisir l’ensemble des variations de l’influence politique de la noblesse normande. L’impact de chacune des révolutions ainsi que le rôle de la noblesse dans l’émergence des mouvements révolutionnaires entrent ainsi dans le champ de l’étude.De manière connexes seront envisagés les influences économiques et intellectuelles de la noblesse, notamment son rôle sur les tracés de chemins de fer ou sur la Société des Antiquaires de NormandieThe history of the nobility during the 19th century is a historiographical field less strudied by historians. The first of them were the one of David Higgs. Previously, the history of the post-revolutionary nobility was always envisaged as part of elites hystory, such as established by Louis Bergeron and Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret. To envisage the nobility of the specific subject 19th, it is necessary to exceed the balance assessment raisedby Karl Marx and Jean Jaures who wanted to see in the nobility the expression of a calcified society, which has disappeared during the revolutionary events.The first point to be solved is to find a definition of the nobility which allows to establish basis of not ambiguous work. So, the nobility of the 19th century is not any more the one of the Ancien Régime.It is not any more protected by statutes and privileges which she wished herself to rease. Consequently the nobility consists of men and women who have an ethnological consciousness to belong to a group having values and similar behavior.The geographical frame of the search is widened to the set of five Norman departments in order to find and follow the senses of identity of the nobility as well as the influence of bordering Paris.The period extends from 1789 till 1910 to seize all the variations of the political influence of the Norman nobility. The impact of each of the revolutions as well as the role of the nobility in the emergence of the revolutionary movements so enter the field of the study.In a related way will be envisaged the economic and intellectual influences of the nobility, in particular its role on the plans of railroads or on the Société des Antiquaires de Normandie
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Birebent, Christian. "Les mouvements de soutien à la Société des Nations en France et au Royaume-Uni (1918-1925)." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100154.
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Un véritable mouvement d'opinion en faveur de la SDN existe entre les deux guerres. C'est au Royaume-Uni et en France qu'il connait le plus de succès. Des structures ont été mises en place, dès 1925, et elles ne connaitront pas de boulversements majeurs par la suite. Au Royaume-Uni, la puissante LNU domine les vieilles sociétés pacifistes alors qu'en France plus d'une quinzaine de groupements, plus faibles, existent. Ces mouvements disposent d'un véritable public. L'évolution des relations européennes semble montrer la justesse de leurs efforts. Si leur responsabilité dans cette mutation est assez faible, leur action n'est pourtant pas inutile. Ils accompagnent cette évolution des relations internationales et jouent un rôle d'éducateur. Pour ces propagandistes la conquête de l'opinion publique est indispensable pour permettre à la SDN de jouer un rôle effectif. .A real trend of opinion in favour of the League of Nations existed between the two wars. The international organisation, ceated in 1919, did not catch the attention of diplomats. It canbe said, in 1925, that the movements of support to the LON had reached a certain maturity. Some structures were established and did not undergo any major changes from then on. In Great Britain, the LNU was more powerful than older pacifist groups whereas in France, more than fifteen weaker groups coexisted. Thes movements had a noticeable audience and support. The evolution of European relationships seemed to show the accurateness of their efforts. However, the responsibility in this mutation is quite limited. However, their actions were not useless ones. These groups followedthe evolution of international relationships and had an important educating role. .
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Blair, Scott G. "La France et le pacte de la Société des Nations : le rôle du gouvernement français dans l'élaboration du pacte de la Société des Nations, 1914-1919." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010529.
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Le rôle du gouvernement français dans l'élaboration du pacte de la SDN n'a pas été suffisamment considéré. Entre 1914 et 1919, ce rôle fut caractérisé par réticence et ambivalence. D'un côté, aucun gouvernement n'affichait pendant la guerre un soutien actif, inconditionnel ou persuasif à l'idée de créer une SDN pour garantir la sécurité de la France et la paix internationale. D'in autre côté, chaque gouvernement poursuivait discrètement, et pour diverses raisons politiques, l'idée de la SDN, et cela particulièrement sous les ministères de Ribot et Clemenceau. Il fut créé en 1917 une commission, sous la direction de Léon Bourgeois, chargée d'élaborer la thèse française d'une SDN efficace. Or, pendant la conférence de la paix de paris, la diplomatie française en matière de la SDN fut affaiblie par cette ambivalence. Les divergences de vues entre les conceptions françaises et anglo-américaines de la SDN, ainsi que les mauvaises relations entre Clémenceau et Bourgeois d'une part, et entre Bourgeois et Wilson d'autre part, ont contribué à cette affaiblissement. Profitant de ce conflit interne, les anglo-américains ont forge, à huit-clos, un front commun pour imposer et faire adopter à la conférence de la paix le pacte final de la SDN-pacte qui ne témoignait pas de l'influence des français et qui ne raillait pas leur confianceSufficient historical attention has not been paid to the role of the French governement in the elaboration and drafting, between 1914 and 1919, of the covenant of the league of nations. This role was one of reticence and ambivalence. On one hand, no wartime government gave active, unconditional or persuasive support for the idea of creating a league in order to guarantee french security and international peace on the other hand, for diverse political reasons, each government quietly pursued the league idea, particularly those of Ribot and Clemenceau. A committee, directed by leon bourgeois, was created in 1917 to drait a plan reflecting the french viewpoint of an effective league. This ambivalence, along with the divergent views between the french and anglo-american conceptions of the league, as well as with the poor and distrustful relations between clemenceau and bourgeois, and later btween bourgeois and wilson, all weakened french league diplomacy during the paris peace conference. This permitted the form ation of a secret, anglo-american front that was able to impose and win international acceptance of the final league covenant-a document in which the french had little input and even less confidence
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Mergy, Jennifer. "Nations et nationalismes : Durkheim et le durkheimiens de la question de l'Alsace-Lorraine à la Société des Nations." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090017.
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Karnachoriti, Georgia. "La figure féminine au sein de la société de Symi." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040269.
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Le présent travail vise à déceler le caractère et le statut particuliers de la femme symienne tels qu'ils surgissent à travers l'étude de différents aspects de la tradition populaire de l'île (chansons populaires, légendes, contes populaires, mœurs, coutumes, etc. ). Y sont traités les principaux stades de la vie de la femme - naissance, mariage, mort - ainsi qu'une série de principes fondamentaux et de rites par le biais desquels la femme symienne se construit et se forge le caractère. La parole féminine est abordée en tant que vecteur primordial de la tradition populaire symienne et source révélatrice des structures socioculturelles de l'île. Les prénoms et les surnoms féminins, les vœux et les malédictions prononcés par la femme symienne à des moments de forte émotion sont élaborés et nous fournissent de précieux renseignements sur la pensée et l'action du peuple symien. Enfin, l'imaginaire de la femme symienne s'avère un champ de recherche fécond dans la découverte du contenu psychologique de la femme avec l'autrui. L'observation des figures féminines surnaturelles, les superstitions féminines et les pratiques magiques exécutées par la femme dévoile les mécanismes des croyances populaires et les "ennemis" réels ou inventifs de la femme symienne. Il s'appuie sur des méthodes philologiques, sociologiques et anthropologiques, avec l'ambition de présenter l'image authentique de la femme symienne et de montrer son lien fort avec l'histoire, la tradition et l'environnement de son île natalThis research's purpose is to present the special character and status of Symi's island woman as they arise through the study of differents aspects of the island's popular tradition (folklore songs, traditional fairytales, legends, morals, customs, etc). The principal stages of woman's life - birth, marriage, death - and the fundamental principles and rubrics, under which the woman grows up and forms her character are examined. Woman's speech is also broached as it is a primary factor of the Symian popular tradition and a source of data for the social and cultural structures of the island. The feminin names and nicknames, wishes and conjurations expressed by the woman of Symi in moments of great emotion, are elaborated in order to provide us valuable information about the way of thinking and acting of people of Symi. Last but not least, the imaginary world of the woman of Symi turns out to be a field of research fit for the discovery of the female psychology related to others. The observance of supernatural female figures, female superstitions and magic practices reveal the workings of traditional beliefs as well as real or imaginary "ennemies" of the woman of Symi. This study is based on philological, sociological and anthropological methods with the ambition to present the authentic image of Symi's woman and her strong association to the island's history, tradition and enviromment
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Mouton, Marie-Renée. "La Société des Nations et les intérêts de la France (1920-1924)." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010671.
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La première institution internationale voit le jour après la grande guerre. Association des états vainqueurs, ouverte aux neutres et, sous certaines conditions, aux vaincus, façonnée par les anglo-saxons mais aussitôt privée du soutien américain, elle se trouve, dès l'origine, sous l'influence prédominante des deux "grands" européens, l’Angleterre et la France : leur entente assure son fonctionnement, leurs divergences le paralysent. Notre thèse s'appuie sur les archives diplomatiques françaises et les sources genevoises. Elle étudie l'action de la France à la société des nations, de 1920 à 1924, à travers quatre thèmes essentiels : l'administration de la Sarre, la sécurité et le maintien de la paix en Europe, les mandats, la coopération financière. Ainsi se dégage, à défaut d'une véritable doctrine, la continuité d'une politique dominée par la défiance (à l'égard du secrétariat permanent, de l'assemblée générale, des comités techniques. . . ) pour défendre les intérêts nationaux, hommes d'état (Millerand, Briand, Poincaré) et services du quai d’Orsay se servent de la SDN garante des traites et, par la, gage de stabilité. Mais ils restreignent ses compétences et combattent ses initiatives, dès que les droits de la France leur paraissent, à tort ou à raison, menaces. Absence de grands états, volonté d'indépendance, désaccords avec Londres sur les problèmes militaires et financiers, tous les incite à limiter cette expérience de diplomatie nouvelle. Les principales questions du temps ne se règlent pas à Genève!The first international institution was born after the first world war. It is an association of the victorious states, opened to the neutrals and, under some conditions, to the defeated states, drafted by the anglo-saxons, but immediately deprived of united states support. From the beginning, it has been under the predominant influence of the two european great powers, england and france : their harmony guarantees its working, their differences render it powerless. Our thesis is based upon french diplomatic archives and genova sources. It studies french action in the league of nations, from 1920 to 1924, on four main points : the administration of the saar, security and peace in europe, the mandates, financial cooperation. It concludes that, in the absence of a proper doctrine, one may find the continuity of a policy of dis trust (against the permanent secretariat, the general assembly, technical committees). To protect national interests, statesmen (millerand, briand, poincare and quai d'orsay offices use the league, which guarantees the treaties and, therefore, stability. But they restrict its fields of action and fight its initiatives, as soon as they believe, rightly or wrongly, that french rights are threatened. The absence of some major countries, the desire of independance, the disagreement with london on military and financial problems, everything induces to limit this experiment of n
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De, Franco Rispoli Alves Eduardo. "La diplomatie brésilienne des droits de l'homme au sein des Nations Unies." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020007/document.
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Chellat, Ali. "Le contrôle au sein des groupes de société en droit marocain." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0694.
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En l'absence d'un code propre au groupe de sociétés, est-il nécessaire et même souhaitable d'envisager un droit spécifique à cette entité économique ? Cette thèse traite d'une manière approfondie les diverses situations de contrôle, sa cession, sa finalité et les effets qui en résultent. Son objet est double : Dans une première approche, elle décrit les modes d'encadrement juridique de la notion de contrôle qui est une notion de fait, c'est-à-dire, dépendante des circonstances de chaque groupe. En effet, le droit a multiplié les définitions réservées à l'application des textes spécifiques. En outre, une définition unique serait source de rigidités : la multiplicité des modes de caractérisation permet une application plus aisée des textes en fonction de finalités divergentes. Le contrôle est une notion de dynamique externe des sociétés commerciales, spécifique au groupe de sociétés. Dans une seconde approche, la question qui se pose est de savoir si la cession de contrôle doit être soumise au cadre de la cession des droits sociaux ou convient-il de lui trouver un cadre spécifique plus adéquat adossé à sa réalité économique ? La réponse diverge selon que l'on apprécie les rapports entre les parties ou que l'on envisage les effets de l'opération vis-à-vis des tiers. Entre les contractants, il existe forcément une asymétrie informationnelle portant sur la valeur de la société. En revanche, à l'égard des tiers, le régime de droit commun des titres sociaux souligne des défaillances concrètes. La cession de contrôle est susceptible de nuire aux membres du groupe de sociétés, mais aussi de bouleverser le fonctionnement des marchésBecause there is no appropriate law for a group of companies, is it necessary, and even hopefully, that there is a specific law for this economic entity? This thesis deeply analyses the different situations of control, its transfer, its finality and the effects that result from it. This thesis has a double purpose: In a first approach, it describes the different ways of legal supervision of the notion of control which is a notion of fact, that is to say, it depends on the circumstances of each group. This is despite the stock-market law that seem to control all the practices. Indeed, the law has multiplied the definitions reserved to the application of specific texts. In addition, a unique definition would be too rigid: the multiplicity of the ways of caracterisation allows more easy application of the texts according to the divergent finalities. Control is a notion of external dynamic of commercial companies, specific to the group of companies. In a second approach, the question is to know if the control must be submitted to the supervision of the transfer of social rights or if it is necessary to find a more appropriate specific supervision, suitable to its economic realities? The answer is different according to whether one is interested in the relation between the different parties or the effects of the operation in relation with the third-parties. Between the contracting parties, there is obviously an informational asymmetry depending on the value of the company. On the other hand, for third-parties, common law of the social titles underlies total failure. The transfer of control is susceptible to harm members of the group of companies, but also to disrupt of markets
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Sun, Xin-He. "La France et le conflit sino-japonais : 1931-1937." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991IEPP0003.
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La thèse porte sur la politique extérieure que la France a menée à l'occasion de la crise de Mandchourie (1931-1932) et du conflit sino-japonais qui en a découle. La thèse expose les différents aspects du conflit sino-japonais et les réactions qu'il suscite chez les grandes puissances occidentales. Par ailleurs, elle analyse plus particulièrement l'attitude de la France, ses diverses et nombreuses démarches diplomatiques, tant auprès des gouvernements concernés par la crise qu'auprès de la SDN, les hésitations de sa politique en Extrême-Orient pendant la période de 1931 à 1937, ainsi que les répercussions dans l'opinion publique à travers la presse française. Parallèlement aux actions diplomatiques entreprises par les Etats-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne pour apporter une solution à ce conflit, la France a joué un rôle modérateur, autant dans les relations des pays impliqués dans la crise qu'au sein de la SDN, rôle qui, malheureusement, n'a pas abouti à une solution satisfaisante du conflit sino-japonais. Ce conflit a également montre la carence de la SDN face à l'importance des intérêts des grandes puissances qui étaient en jeuThe thesis refers to the foreign policy of France on the occasion of the Mandchouria crisis (1931-1932) and the conflict which follows. The thesis evidences the different aspects of the Sino-Japanese conflict and the ensuing reactions in the western great powers. Besides, it analyses the France attitude, the numerous and various diplomatic approaches, the hesitations of its policy in the far-east during the period from 1931 to 1937, as well as the repercussions in the public 0pinion through the French press. In a parallel direction to the diplomatic actions followed by the USA. And Great Britain governments to issue a solution to this conflict, France took a moderation stand towards the relations between the governments involved in that crisis, as well as in the SDN. A stand which, unfortunately, did not lead to a satisfactory solution of the Sino-Japanese conflict. The course of this conflict has also evidenced the failure of SDN. Action when confronted to the size of great powers interests involved in the matter
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Balińska, Marta Aleksandra. "Ludwik W. Rajchman, 1881-1965, précurseur de la santé publique moderne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0016.
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Ludwik Rajchman, directeur de l'Organisation d'hygiène de la Société des nations, fondateur de l'Unicef, a lancé les bases- à travers les organisations qu'il a dirigées- de la santé publique internationale telle que nous la connaissons aujourd'hui. Sa jeunesse socialiste-indépendantiste dans une Pologne annexée par l'empire russe, ses études de bactériologie à l'Institut pasteur et à Londres, sa direction de la lutte antiépidémique en Pologne après la première guerre mondiale, ses nombreux voyages en Chine nationaliste où il fut l'artisan de la collaboration technique entre ce pays et la SDN, son rôle de conseiller du ministre des affaires étrangères chinois, t. V. Soong (beau-frère de Chiang Kai-Shek) pendant la seconde guerre mondiale, ses activités humanitaires au gouvernement polonais en exil de Sikorski, son travail à l'UNRRA et à l'Unicef ainsi que ses relations intimes avec des personnalités comme Jean Monnet, Thorvald Madsen, Robert Debré, Louis Ferdinand Céline, Philip Noël Baker, August Zaleski. . . -- illustrent quelques chapitres d'une vie et d'une carrière extrement riches et variéesLudwik Rajchman, director of the League of Nations' Health Organization, founder of UNICEF, laid the foundations- through the organizations which he directed- for international public health as we know it today. His socialist youth and struggle for Polish independence in the Russian empire, his bacteriological studies at the Pasteur Institute and in London, his leadership of the fight against the epidemics which swept Poland after the first world war, his numerous trips to nationalist China where he launched the League's program of technical collaboration with China, his role as advisor to the Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs, t. V. Soong (brother-in-law of Chiang Kai-shek) during world war ii, his humanitarian efforts within Sikorski's government in exile, his work at UNRRA and Unicef as well as his close relationships with such figures as Jean Monnet, Thorvald Madsen, Robert Debré, Louis Ferdinand Céline, Philip Noël Baker, August Zaleski. . . -- illustrate but some of the chapters of an outstandingly rich and varied life and career
Books on the topic "Au sein de la Société des Nations"
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H, Rioux Marcia, Bach Michael, Muszynski Leon, McCallum Dean, and Institut Roeher, eds. Le bien-être au sein de la société. North York, Ont: Institut Roeher = Roeher Institute, 1994.
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Jacques, Bariéty, ed. Aristide Briand, la Société des nations et l'Europe: 1919-1932. Strasbourg: Presses universitaires de Strasbourg, 2007.
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Jacques, Bariéty, and Association internationale d'histoire contemporaine de l'Europe., eds. Aristide Briand, la Société des Nations et l'Europe, 1919-1932. Strasbourg: Presses universitaires de Strasbourg, 2007.
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La Société des nations: Vers un monde multilatéral : 1919-1946. Tours: Presses universitaires François Rabelais, 2017.
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Grey of Fallodon, Edward Grey. The League of Nations. London: H. Milford, Oxford University Press, 1996.
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Cambar, Malik. La question assyro-chaldéenne et la Société des Nations: Rapports et documents. Jerusalem: Ratisbonne Printing Press, 2000.
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Society, National Advertising Benevolent, ed. Best ads never seen: The NABS awards for the best ads never seen. Horsham: Open Eye, 1993.
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1941-, Mudimbe V. Y., ed. Nations, identities, cultures. Durham, N.C: South Atlantic quarterly, 1995.
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1941-, Mudimbe V. Y., ed. Nations, identities, cultures. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press, 1996.
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David, Paul. Histoire de la Société des nations: L'esprit de Genève : vingt ans d'efforts pour la paix. Genève: Slatkine, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Au sein de la Société des Nations"
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Jover, Jorge Núñez, Luis Félix Montalvo Arriete, Isarelis Pérez Ones, Aurora Fernández González, and José Luis García Cuevas. "Cuba : université, innovation et société – l’enseignement supérieur au sein du système national d’innovation." In L’université en transition, 109–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1236-6_6.
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Oman, Susan. "Well-being, Values, Culture and Society." In New Directions in Cultural Policy Research, 229–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72937-0_6.
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AbstractThis chapter looks at the relationship between culture and well-being. It introduces how the ‘the culture-well-being relationship’ is invoked in advocacy for culture’s role in social policy, resting on a philosophical lineage. It demonstrates how this relationship has been theorised, naturalised and popularised to become ‘common sense’ for some, while its use in policy has seen it institutionalised, operationalised, metricised and monetised. This chapter reviews this process through a brief survey of cultural policy, asking who decides which—or whose—culture is good for society from Victorian to contemporary cultural value debates. This chapter presents the increasing presence of well-being data in this story, as well as the role of cultural measures in national well-being data from the UK to Bhutan.
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Lehmann, Andrée. "Sexualité et cancer du sein." In Psychologie, cancers et société, 143–54. L’Esprit du temps, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/edt.pelic.1995.01.0143.
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"A. Le sein d’Abraham comme paradis définitif." In Culture et société médiévales, 414–17. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.csm-eb.4.00163.
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Metzler, Karin. "Eustathios von Thessalonike und sein Publikum." In Monastères, images, pouvoirs et société à Byzance, 49–60. Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.psorbonne.2084.
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Peter, Jean-Michel, and Danièle Leboul. "Représentations sociales de l’utilisation du Midazolam au sein de trois unités de soins palliatifs." In Vieillir en société, 373–83. Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pur.151765.
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"5 Une force au sein de la société." In La physique, 121–42. EDP Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2693-3.c008.
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Sarrazin, Sabrina, and Émilie Louesdon. "Des témoignages d’activités saunières au sein de l’établissement laténien « du Muid » sur les communes de Campagne et de Catigny (60)." In Sel et société, 83–106. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.17874.
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PICHENOT, Évelyne. "Société civile européenne et enjeux des algorithmes." In Algorithmes et Société, 141–54. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.4621.
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Aux différentes étapes de la recherche de régulation de l'intelligence artificielle (IA), le Comité économique et social européen, fort de son expérience du consensus entre les Parties prenantes, joue un rôle de relais au niveau européen, pour l'instauration d'un dialogue Science et Société sur ce sujet techniquement complexe aux fortes incidences sociétales. Ce compendium retrace aussi l'approche autonome des Partenaires sociaux au sein du Dialogue social européen qui vise à mesurer l'impact sur les métiers et les emplois de ces innovations technologiques. En parallèle, la société civile européenne veille à faire prendre en compte les principes éthiques de l'IA définis au niveau européen par les organismes internationaux en cours d'élaboration de normes sur l'IA.
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Roşca, Dorina. "Les stratégies de reconversion au sein du socialisme réformateur." In Le Grand Tournant de la société moldave. Presses de l’Inalco, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pressesinalco.19839.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Au sein de la Société des Nations"
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Ngo Thi, Thanh Quy, and Hong Minh Nguyen Thi. "Vietnamese Proverbs From a Cultural Perspective." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-6.
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Proverbs are important data depicting the traditional culture of each nation. Vietnamese proverbs, dated thousands of years ago, are an immense valuable treasure of experience which the Vietnamese people desire to pass to the younger generations. This paper aims to explore the unique and diversified world of intelligence and spirits of the Vietnamese through a condensed and special literary genre, as well as a traditional value of the nation (Nguyen Xuan Kinh 2013, Tran Ngoc Them 1996, Le Chi Que and Ngo Thi Thanh Quy 2014). Through an interdisciplinary approach, from an anthropological point of view, approaching proverbs we will open up a vast treasure of knowledge and culture of all Vietnamese generations. The study has examined over 16,000 Vietnamese proverbs and analysed three groups expressing Vietnamese people’s behaviors toward nature, society and their selves, and compared them with English and Japanese proverbs. The research has attempted to explore the beauty of Vietnamese language, cultural values and the souls and personalities of Vietnam. Approaching Vietnamese proverbs under the interdisciplinary perspective of language, culture and literature is a new research direction in the field of Social Sciences and Humanity in Vietnam. From these viewpoints, it is seen that proverbs have remarkably contributed to the language and culture of Vietnam as well as and constructed to the practice of language use in everyday life which is imaginary, meaningful and effective in communication. Furthermore, the study seeks to inspire the Vietnamese youth’s pride in national identity and to encourage their preservation and promotion for traditional values of the nation in the context of integration and globalisation. In the meantime, it would be favourable to introduce and market the beauty of Vietnamese language, culture and people to the world, encouraging the speakers of other languages to study, explore and understand Vietnam.
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FRÂNCU, Laurențiu Gabriel, Amza MAIR, Anna KANT, and Raluca VASILESCU. "HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE FUTURE." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/02.12.
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When it comes to today's requirements, performance, success and competitiveness are among the most important things to consider in order not only to solve the major difficulties it faces now, but also to assure development and advancement in the years ahead. The substance and quality of Human Resources Management, which has already achieved the rank of a main subject of theoretical and applied concerns in industrialized nations, is also becoming increasingly significant. It is possible to argue that an organization's competitive edge is derived from its employees. The new information society, as well as the knowledge-based society, has seen financial capital supplanted by human capital, which has been replaced from a strategic standpoint. This topic of scientific research on human resources in the organization of the future aroused my interest due to the fact that civil society, as well as the labor market, is in a dynamic process of consolidating the quality of human resources and this implies a change in the level of the organizational environment of an institution, the methods of working with employees and capitalizing on their potential. This topic is topical, being treated especially by the so-called learning organizations, they are flexible and open to innovation. The aim of this paper is to study human resources, as well as to address the concept of flexible work, types and implications of work flexibility in the organization of tomorrow.
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Markopoulos, Evangelos, Marlena Schmitz, and Baiba Ziga. "An ESG aligned Global Gender Equity Model for creating equitable corporate and government organisations." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001524.
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Living in the 21st century does not necessarily mean that men and women are treated fairly and respectfully regarding their respective needs and thus in a gender equitable way. On the one hand, women still do three times the amount of unpaid care work, earn 18% less for the same work, make up the minority of C-Suite Level leaders with only 22% compared to 78% of men (which has become even worse due to the Covid-19 Pandemic) and have to deal with issues such as the glass ceiling or glass cliff which prevent their careers from flourishing, to name a few issues. On the other hand, studies by experts conducted in the field of gender equity have shown that women were rated as more effective leaders during and before a crisis, that female participation in the workforce could add between 12-18 trillion dollars to global GDP and increase profits of companies whilst reducing turnover rates and improving productivity as well as employee satisfaction, therefore potentially benefitting society as a whole. To understand why the world has not become gender equitable yet despite the many benefits it would provide, the research conducted in this paper includes academic primary and secondary research, an international literature review, 13 individual interviews with top level managers and/or diversity, equity and inclusion experts (DEI) as well as a global survey with 66 respondents. The results led to the conclusion that there is a need for a shift away from the patriarchal system towards a gender equitable society, which can be achieved with the help of the Global Gender Equity Model (GGEM). The GGEM is a new conceptual model for understanding and describing the implementation of the factors that create gender equitable nations. It is based on four socioeconomic pillars (People, Economy, Education, Governance) aligned with ESG (Environment, Social Governance) criteria adopted by private and public organizations. The four pillars of the GGEM model blend the traditional corporate and government systems of global nations with the current need for individual and collective accountability, collaboration as well as transparency and free flow of information. These pillars were found to be associated with equitable environments and can be seen as both interdependent and positively reinforcing of each other. This means the relative strength of any one pillar has the potential to either positively or negatively influence national gender equity. The GGEM uses the principles behind these pillars to develop and deliver an assessment tool and guidelines that are holistic in their approach to help transform nations from their current inequitable state. The model has been developed to benefit any organization by enacting some or all of these principles no matter their location or the path selected to achieving true gender equity. The integration of the GGEM model with the ESG index has been designed to incentivise the adaptation of the model towards achieving faster and higher organizational ESG scoring. The paper also presents the limitations of the model at its current stage and areas of further research which can support it with technologies and processes that can give adaptation efficiency and implementation consistency.
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Berner, Elias. "Alle Menschen werden Brüder?! Ein historisches Dokument aus dem Nationalsozialismus in den sozialen Medien." In Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Musikforschung 2019. Paderborn und Detmold. Musikwissenschaftliches Seminar der Universität Paderborn und der Hochschule für Musik Detmold, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25366/2020.110.
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This article deals with the recent emergence on social media of a particular kind of audiovisual sources from the time of National Socialism, namely extracts from a performance of the 9th Symphony that took place in 1942 at the ‘Berlin Philharmonie’ on Hitler‘s birthday. The concert was conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler. In the footage, Joseph Goebbels can be seen in the applauding audience, before he congratulates the conductor with a handshake at the end of the concert. The material was filmed for propaganda purposes and used in a German News Reel in April 1942. Excerpts from the concert have, in varying lengths and usually without any context, been uploaded to YouTube by different users. This article examines these excerpts, revealing different layers of media within the collaged material. It then illustrates how the original propaganda material was also incorporated into documentary films after the war as part of a strategy to rehabilitate Furtwängler from his involvement with National Socialism. In the second part of the article, an analysis of user comments shows how the relationship between National Socialism, Furtwängler and the symbolism of the symphony is evaluated differently, and how these evaluations may be aligned with four political ideologies – each of which manifests a different understanding of the relationship between society and music.
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Dina, Razvan, Bogdan cristian Onete, and Denisa elena Vlad. "SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP VERSUS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN E-LEARNING." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-092.
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The exponential development of online education systems has determined that the world's great universities enlarge their offer by giving, for those who are interested, free online courses, without any restrictions regarding previous learning. The courses are only an introduction to the presented subject, offering only the basic terms. Therefore, we can consider that it has been created a new form of corporate social responsibility, but also a new form of social entrepreneurship. Corporate social responsibility is viewed as a source social progress, because of those companies allow appreciable resources and expertise for this kind of activities in benefit society, but this type of practices could be seen as a competitive advantage for those who undertake this concept. Entrepreneur from any domain are interested to create activities which may have a positive impact on society, in this context universities from United States of America choose to open his expertise for anybody who what to learn. We want to see if this opening could be viewed as a social entrepreneurship and how can be seen in report with corporate social responsibility and which is the connection between social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility. For this purpose we made a research among The Bucharest Academy of Economics Studies students, this way, we could find out their opinions about their openness to such forms of education. In the same time we wanted to know how does the new generation suite the greatest international universities' educational offers and if the celebrity of this universities is more important than the educational offer given by Romanian universities. We also wanted to find out if the fact that these courses do not offer a national certification influence their decision or not.
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Isidori, Emanuele, Iosif Sandor, and Alessandra Fazio. "VIRTUAL REALITY, EDUCATIONAL GAMES AND LEISURE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY: THE SPORT PEDAGOGY POINT OF VIEW." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-195.
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Play and game are two activities which allow us to be and develop as human beings, and they represent two basic components of education conceived of as a practice of teaching and learning. The importance of these activities which belong both to human nature and culture has been stressed by many modern and contemporary philosophers and educationists (Schiller, Huizinga, Simon, etc.). In recent years, the Polish sociologist and philosopher Zygmunt Baumann, father of so-called "liquid theory" of society, has discussed the role and function of play and game within postmodern society. Pedagogy as a theoretical and practical science of education highlights the importance of examining and studying all human games in order to identify those that can be better used as a means to promote education and its values in the context of leisure. Sort pedagogy as a science of physical and leisure activity is interested in this topic. To be clear, this science is interested in studying sport as a recreational activity which always implies body actions, movement, and play/game. For this reason, among the points of view of the sciences dealing with the study of human games, that of sport pedagogy can be seen as one of the most capable of explaining, comprehending and understanding what play and game really are and their meaning for the person and her/his education. The digital revolution and the advent of virtual reality in all its forms (mainly 3D) we experience in our everyday life have created new scenarios for developing new educational games and virtual ways to play the sports. All these scenarios frame and mark a new digital era in which communication technologies give rise to new trends in education, and edutainment (a concept expressing both education and entertainment) plays a fundamental role and function. For this reason, starting from this cultural analysis and utilizing a hermeneutical methodological approach, our study will classify, first all, the different types of educational games, and show their implications from a theoretical point of view. Secondly, it will stress the importance of sport pedagogy in studying the issues dealing with this specific research field. Our aim is to show that digital and virtual games are emerging tools capable of fostering leisure along with health, exercise, and sport. We want to demonstrate that this kind of games allows pupils and children as digital natives to learn and to be educated in a true educational way, that is playing. In conclusion, because of their being wonderful tools to improve learning skills and to promote educational values and the sports in their different aspects, educational and virtual reality-based games have not to be considered with suspicion by educators and (physical education) teachers but a great opportunity to teach and learn.
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Logofatu, Bogdan. "THE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY TEACHING AND LEARNING." In eLSE 2018. ADL Romania, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-022.
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The author has nearly 50 years of an academic career within the University of Bucharest. Over time, the author's academic activity has been heavily influenced by remarkable personalities from the university (especially the former Rector Ioan Mihailescu) or by world-class personalities (mainly Ken Robinson, John Naisbitt and Steve Jobs). Even if this career includes a valuable teaching and learning experience... it is approaching the "end of life". This article might be considered as a retrospective of the author's teaching activity and a chance to summarize the lessons he learned. These lessons could be seen as recommendations for the academic staff and the decision makers in higher education. The article contains two important chapters. Over time, the author's academic activity has been heavily influenced by remarkable personalities from the university (especially the former Rector Ioan Mihailescu) or by world-class personalities (mainly Ken Robinson, John Naisbitt and Steve Jobs). Even if this career includes a valuable teaching and learning experience... it is approaching the "end of life". This article might be considered as a retrospective of the author's teaching activity and a chance to summarize the lessons he learned. These lessons could be seen as recommendations for the academic staff and the decision makers in higher education. The article contains two important chapters. Chapter 1 has the title "Innovative teaching in higher education". Innovation is essential for the permanent and sustainable success of any person /organization. This chapter presents some general aspects related to education worldwide and some specific aspects related to the author's academic initiatives. As soon as these initiatives have been implemented for the first time in the University of Bucharest, they can be characterized as being innovative for the education system of this institution. Many of these achievements were reported during international and national conferences. Chapter 2 has the title "Disruptive technologies with a strong impact on higher education". The author has taken into account the potential of digital technologies for higher education since 1990. The essential moment was the reading of the book "Megatrends," published by John Naisbitt in 1982, having as the main message the movement from the industrial society to the information society. Chapter 2 summarizes some of the best practices on the use of digital technologies in higher education, including cloud computing, learning management system, eLearning, game-based learning. Finally, the article includes conclusions and references itself.
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Sovova, Olga. "ERA OF DIGITIZATION: RE-DESIGNING PRIVACY PROTECTION IN HEALTH CARE." In NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2019/b2/v2/31.
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The paper examines the issue arising when delivering healthcare in the modern information society. Throughout the past decade, the Internet has seen a significant rise of the "Web 2.0" trend, which carried on its wings a health industry trend often referred to as "Health 2.0" or "Medicine 2.0". More recently, we have also witnessed the crowning of concepts such as Health Social Media, eHealth and mHealth. European Union as well as the national states develop strategies implementing new technologies for personal and medical data sharing, including the prescription of medicals as well as their validation through websites. Healthcare data privacy and security is one of the top challenges, healthcare providers face. The huge amount of data the medical care generates holds potential for researchers, providers, pharmaceutical companies as well as for doctors, who can use it to improve care or find new treatments and insights into disease. The key issue to examine is how to balance the competing interests of privacy and data-sharing and not exclude the patient as a holder and owner of the information. The paper addresses the issue of privacy protection in digitized healthcare, using the analysis of the legislation and case-law of the Czech Republic, stressing the demands for human rights and privacy protection of a member state of the European Union. The paper introduces several proposals for providers on how to re-design digital healthcare with respect to laws and patients´ rights. The paper concludes that even modern and digitized medicine is based not only on evidence and modern technologies but also on human interaction and face-to-face approach and trust between the doctor and patient.
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Øien, Geir Egil Dahle, Ivar Pettersen, and Nils Rune Bodsberg. "How does the extent of student-active learning in engineering programmes influence students’ perceived learning outcomes?" In SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1263.
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Through the project “Technology Education of the Future” (FTS), NTNU has developed a framework for re-design of its study programmes in technology and engineering. One of the main findings is the need for a broader, more multidimensional view of graduate competence, showcasing the need to fully integrate training of several important non-technical professional skills in future programmes. To enable such integration, student-active pedagogical methods in combination with integrated learning principles are often seen as key tools. This paper quantitatively investigates to what extent study programmes’ facilitation of active student participation actually makes a difference to perceived learning outcomes across a variety of competence areas. The research question under consideration is “How does the extent of student-active learning in engineering programmes influence students’ perceived learning outcomes?” Using statistical analysis of data from a national student survey, correlation was investigated between students’ perception of how well active student participation is facilitated by the teaching in their study programmes, and their self-evaluated learning outcomes in 10 different competence areas. Regression analysis was done based directly on individual student responses and on responses averaged over study programmes. The results show statistically significant positive correlation for most competence areas. Students’ perception of how well their programmes facilitate active student participation is found in good agreement with actual known programme characteristics. The results thus provide quantitative indication that improving facilitation of student-active learning in engineering programmes indeed improves learning outcomes for a broad set of future-relevant competence areas.
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Bursuc, Catalin, Cristian Teodorescu, and Andreea Neagu. "RESEARCH ON THE ADEQUACY OF THE FORMS OF TRAINING TO BENEFICIARY'S NEEDS AND ANALYSIS OF THE ASSESSMENT OF MILITARY STUDY PROGRAMS' EFFECTIVENESS." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-062.
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The effectiveness of a program of studies is reflected in how beneficiaries appreciate its effects. In the research beneficiaries are considered to be the heads / the commanders of the staff that attended military education programs. Beneficiaries will express their opinions on the increase in their staff's professional performance and efficiency after graduating training programs. The research uses two questionnaires as instruments: the first one is addressed to the beneficiary, the second one is addressed to the graduates. In this way, the tools allow a comparative analysis of how effective are perceived the training programs organized in "Carol I" National Defense University. Questionnaires' organization captures variables that characterize the educational process and it respond to the training that the Ministry of Defense needs. The tools applied aim also the promptness of the educational institution in updating its contents in response to the challenges of a society being in a full integration process into supranational structures. Another variable that is the subject of this research in the change in labor efficiency in completion of a study program. This variable is mediated, being registered as the perception basses have on the subordinates that have graduated study programs. Although it may seen a subjective treatment of the problem, this approach is integrated in the staff's evaluation process in accordance with the regulations governing the human resources domain in the Romanian Army. The investigated population is the staff of the General Staff, as the main structure beneficiary of training programs. The way the sample was designed does not allow generalization of the results to all the graduates. Following the research one can formulate qualitative conclusions with mid-level generalization, which gives stability and justify the research approach.
Reports on the topic "Au sein de la Société des Nations"
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Bouguerra, Zohra, Neus Tirado, Ahmed Ben Nejma, Maleke Dridi, Soufia Galand, and Sarah Baraket. Et s'il y avait une grève dans les foyers ? Étude sur l’impact du travail de soins non rémunéré sur les femmes vivant en Tunisie : accès au travail, autonomisation économique et bien-être. Oxfam, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.8700.
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Le travail de soin non rémunéré désigne toutes les activités qualifiées de travaux reproductifs ou domestiques au sein des foyers sur une base non marchande. Bien que ce travail est essentiel pour l’équilibre de la société et l’épanouissement de la famille et le développement économique des pays, les normes sociales patriarcales d’un côté et les politiques sexistes de l’Etat d’un autre coté rendent ce travail sous-estimé, invisible et non reconnu. L’étude élaborée par Oxfam en Tunisie en partenariat avec AFTURD, montre que les femmes passent entre 8 et 12 heures par jour dans le travail de soin non rémunéré (dépendamment de leur âge, leur situation familiale et économique, et leur lieu de résidence), contre 45 minutes en moyenne pour les hommes. Les causes et conséquences de cette répartition inégale sont nombreuses et interreliées. En tenant compte des résultats de la recherche, et afin d’autonomiser les femmes et améliorer leurs bien-être, Oxfam recommande de : reconnaitre la travail de soins non rémunéré en tant que travail, de réduire le fardeau qu’il constitue, de redistribuer plus équitablement les responsabilités associées entre les hommes et les femmes, au sein des ménages, et entre les ménages, l’État et le secteur privé, et de garantir la représentation des personnes prenant en charge les activités de soins dans les postes de prise de décision et de leadership.
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Warin, Thierry, Nathalie de Marcellis-Warin, and Robert Normand. Mieux comprendre le niveau d’adoption Des cryptoactifs au Québec. CIRANO, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/cswf3465.
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Les cryptoactifs se développent de façon exponentielle au sein de l’économie mondiale. Les cryptomonnaies représentent la principale composante des cryptoactifs dont la plus connue est le Bitcoin. Les cryptoactifs partagent bon nombre des caractéristiques des cryptomonnaies mais il y a généralement une deuxième couche de fonctionnalités comme les contrats intelligents. La technologie liée aux cryptoactifs présente certes de nouvelles opportunités mais également des risques. Dans ce contexte, il est important, pour un régulateur de mieux comprendre le niveau d’adoption des cryptomonnaies de la population afin d’orienter les campagnes d’information et les messages de mise en garde. Dans ce projet de recherche exploratoire plusieurs méthodes d’acquisition de données ont été utilisées. Une revue des enquêtes de différentes organisations sur le niveau de connaissance et le profil des utilisateurs de cryptoactifs dans plusieurs pays a été mené. Pour le Québec, des questions spécifiques sur la connaissance et l’adoption des cryptomonnaies ont été ajoutées aux enquêtes 2021 et 2022 du Baromètre CIRANO qui sonde la population du Québec sur des enjeux de société. Afin d’affiner l’analyse, un échantillon d’investisseurs possédant ou ayant possédé des cryptomonnaies, membres de groupes de discussion sur les cryptomonnaies a été sondé. Enfin, une revue algorithmique a montré très nettement une augmentation du nombre de publications académiques sur le sujet, notamment associées à la technologie. De plus, le sujet des cryptomonnaies a été de plus en plus couvert par les médias grand public, ce qui a suscité l'attention et la sensibilisation de la population et notamment sur les réseaux sociaux. L’analyse des conversations sur Twitter a montré que le nombre de gazouillis, qui était stable jusqu’en décembre 2020, a augmenté de façon importante et a porté sur la variation du prix des cryptomonnaies et souvent avec des recommandations d’achat et de vente.
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Hatteras National Seashore: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290019.
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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. The first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including 52 plots on Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), was 2019. Twelve vegetation plots were established at Cape Hatteras NS in July and August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cape Hatteras National Seashore in 2019. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands, Maritime Nontidal Wetlands, Maritime Open Uplands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and four land parcels (Bodie Island, Buxton, Hatteras Island, and Ocracoke Island). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 265 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 52 vegetation plots, including 13 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens), swallow-wort (Pattalias palustre), and marsh fimbry (Fimbristylis castanea) Maritime Nontidal Wetlands: common wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), saltmeadow cordgrass, eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans), and saw greenbriar (Smilax bona-nox) Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), dune camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), and seabeach evening-primrose (Oenothera humifusa) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: : loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), common wax-myrtle, and live oak (Quercus virginiana). Five invasive species identified as either a Severe Threat (Rank 1) or Significant Threat (Rank 2) to native plants by the North Carolina Native Plant Society (Buchanan 2010) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides; 2%), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 10%), Japanese stilt-grass (Microstegium vimineum; 2%), European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%), and common chickweed (Stellaria media; 2%). Eighteen rare species tracked by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Robinson 2018) were found during this monitoring effort, including two species—cypress panicgrass (Dichanthelium caerulescens) and Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa)—listed as State Endangered by the Plant Conservation Program of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCPCP 2010). Southern/eastern red cedar was a dominant species within the tree stratum of both Maritime Nontidal Wetland and Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Other dominant tree species within CAHA forests included loblolly pine, live oak, and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica). One hundred percent of the live swamp bay (Persea palustris) trees measured in these plots were experiencing declining vigor and observed with symptoms like those caused by laurel wilt......less
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Latané, Annah, Jean-Michel Voisard, and Alice Olive Brower. Les réseaux de producteurs du Sénégal font face à la COVID-19. RTI Press, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0045.2106.fr.
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Cette étude a tiré parti d’une infrastructure d’encadrement et de collecte de données et de relations préalables légué par le projet Feed the Future Sénégal Naatal Mbay (« agriculture florissante »), financé par l’Agence des États-Unis pour le développement international (USAID) et mis en œuvre par RTI International entre 2015 et 2019. Réalisée en 2020, la recherche a intégré des organisations de producteurs pour qu’elles puissent suivre les ménages ruraux membres de leurs réseaux alors qu’ils faisaient face à la pandémie de COVID-19 et tentaient de réagir à ce choc. Les organisations de producteurs, avec le soutien de RTI et de la société-conseil locale STATINFO, ont réalisé une enquête sur un échantillon de 800 ménages agricoles membres de quatre organisations de producteurs soutenus par Naatal Mbay, réalisée en deux passages successifs, en août et octobre 2020. Des groupes de discussion ont été menés avec les responsables des réseaux, ainsi qu’une collecte de données a posteriori ont permis de contextualiser l’expérience face au choc de la COVID-19 et de valider les conclusions. Les conclusions ont montré que les producteurs étaient déjà aux prises des effets des faibles précipitations de la saison de production de 2019 et que la COVID-19 a aggravé ce premier choc du fait des perturbations des communications et des interdictions de déplacements entre les régions, créant ainsi des pénuries alimentaires et exerçant ainsi une pression sur l’utilisation des stocks de semences à des fins alimentaires. Les effets de l’insécurité alimentaire, mesurés par le biais de l’échelle d’accès d’insécurité alimentaire des ménages, se sont avérés être plus importants pour les ménages de Casamance que pour ceux des régions de Kaolack et de Kaffrine. Les conclusions ont également indiqué que les réseaux de producteurs ont déployé une intervention coordonnée incluant aide alimentaire et accès à des équipements de protection individuelle, distribution de semences de légumes et de céréales à cycle court (par exemple, le niébé et le maïs) et des semences adaptées au jardinage, mesures de protection pour les semences de céréales de l’année suivante et innovations financières avec les banques pour sécuriser les crédits. On s’attend à ce que les stocks d’alimentation soient reconstitués au début de la récolte en octobre 2020 et les réseaux prévoient d’accélérer la multiplication des semences, de diversifier les cultures au-delà des céréales, d’améliorer la communication au sein des réseaux et de généraliser l’accès aux instruments financiers au cours de la saison 2021. Les études ont indiqué que le projet antérieur financé par l’USAID est susceptible d'avoir contribué aux capacités de résilience des réseaux en renforçant le capital social et en encourageant le recours à des technologies et outils nouveaux au cours de ses années de fonctionnement.
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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.
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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
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Ripoll, Santiago, Tabitha Hrynick, Ashley Ouvrier, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Federico Marco Federici, and Elizabeth Storer. 10 Ways Local Governments in Multicultural Urban Settings can Support Vaccine Equity in Pandemics. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.016.
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At national and aggregate levels, COVID-19 vaccination across G7 countries appears successful. To date, 79.4% of the total population of G7 countries have received a first dose, 72.9% a second, and 45.4% a booster shot (28th April 2022 data). In France, 80.6% of the total population has had a first dose, 78.2 % have had two doses, and 55.4% have had their booster jabs (28th of April 2022 data). In the UK, 79.3% of the total population has received one dose, 74.1% a second one, and 58.5% have received a booster. In Italy, 85.2% of the total population has had a first dose, 80.4% have had two doses, and 66.5% have had their booster jabs (28th of April 2022 data). These figures indicate enthusiasm across G7 countries for COVID-19 vaccines. Yet high overall vaccination rates at the national level, disguise significant in-country disparities. For example, by the end of 2021, less than 50% of residents of the Northern Districts of Marseille were vaccinated, compared with over 70% in wealthier neighbourhoods. In the Ealing borough of Northwest London, 70% of the eligible population has had a first dose – which is almost 10% percent below the national average (4th of April 2022 data). Disparities are also seen in other urban metropolises across the G7. This brief investigates these disparities through the lens of “vaccine (in)equity”, focusing on the role of local actors. It builds on ethnographic and qualitative research carried out in the Northern Districts of Marseille and ongoing research engagement around vaccine equity in Ealing (Northwest London), as well as qualitative research carried out in Italy among networks of healthcare providers, intercultural mediators, and civil society organizations that collaborated during the COVID-19 campaign in the Emilia Romagna region and in Rome. This brief is based on research conducted between October and December 2021 in Marseille and ongoing engagement in Ealing which started in May 2021. It identified how local governments, health actors, community groups and residents play key roles in shaping vaccine (in)equity. This brief was developed for SSHAP by Santiago Ripoll (IDS), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), Ashley Ouvrier (LaSSA), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Federico Federici (UCL) and Elizabeth Storer (LSE). It was reviewed by Eloisa Franchi (Università degli Studi di Pavia) and Ellen Schwartz (Hackney Council Public Health). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210038). Research was based at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Susssex, and the Laboratoire de Sciences Sociales Appliquées (LaSSA). The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Arora, Sanjana, and Olena Koval. Norway Country Report. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.232.
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This report is part of a larger cross-country comparative project and constitutes an account and analysis of the measures comprising the Norwegian national response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the year of 2020. This time period is interesting in that mitigation efforts were predominantly of a non-medical nature. Mass vaccinations were in Norway conducted in early 2021. With one of the lowest mortality rates in Europe and relatively lower economic repercussions compared to its Nordic neighbours, the Norwegian case stands unique (OECD, 2021: Eurostat 2021; Statista, 2022). This report presents a summary of Norwegian response to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking into account its governance, political administration and societal context. In doing so, it highlights the key features of the Nordic governance model and the mitigation measures that attributed to its success, as well as some facets of Norway’s under-preparedness. Norway’s relative isolation in Northern Europe coupled with low population density gave it a geographical advantage in ensuring a slower spread of the virus. However, the spread of infection was also uneven, which meant that infection rates were concentrated more in some areas than in others. On the fiscal front, the affluence of Norway is linked to its petroleum industry and the related Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund. Both were affected by the pandemic, reflected through a reduction in the country’s annual GDP (SSB, 2022). The Nordic model of extensive welfare services, economic measures, a strong healthcare system with goals of equity and a high trust society, indeed ensured a strong shield against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the consequences of the pandemic were uneven with unemployment especially high among those with low education and/or in low-income professions, as well as among immigrants (NOU, 2022:5). The social and psychological effects were also uneven, with children and elderly being left particularly vulnerable (Christensen, 2021). Further, the pandemic also at times led to unprecedented pressure on some intensive care units (OECD, 2021). Central to handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway were the three national executive authorities: the Ministry of Health and Care services, the National directorate of health and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. With regard to political-administrative functions, the principle of subsidiarity (decentralisation) and responsibility meant that local governments had a high degree of autonomy in implementing infection control measures. Risk communication was thus also relatively decentralised, depending on the local outbreak situations. While decentralisation likely gave flexibility, ability to improvise in a crisis and utilise the municipalities’ knowledge of local contexts, it also brought forward challenges of coordination between the national and municipal level. Lack of training, infection control and protection equipment thereby prevailed in several municipalities. Although in effect for limited periods of time, the Corona Act, which allowed for fairly severe restrictions, received mixed responses in the public sphere. Critical perceptions towards the Corona Act were not seen as a surprise, considering that Norwegian society has traditionally relied on its ‘dugnadskultur’ – a culture of voluntary contributions in the spirit of solidarity. Government representatives at the frontline of communication were also open about the degree of uncertainty coupled with considerable potential for great societal damage. Overall, the mitigation policy in Norway was successful in keeping the overall infection rates and mortality low, albeit with a few societal and political-administrative challenges. The case of Norway is thus indeed exemplary with regard to its effective mitigation measures and strong government support to mitigate the impact of those measures. However, it also goes to show how a country with good crisis preparedness systems, governance and a comprehensive welfare system was also left somewhat underprepared by the devastating consequences of the pandemic.
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Werny, Rafaela, Marie Reich, Miranda Leontowitsch, and Frank Oswald. EQualCare Policy Report Germany : Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone. Frankfurter Forum für interdisziplinäre Alternsforschung, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.69905.
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The policy review is part of the project EQualCare: Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone, a three-year international project involving four countries: Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden. EQualCare interrogates inequalities by gender, cultural and socio-economic background between countries, with their different demographics and policy backgrounds. As a first step into empirical analysis, the policy review aims to set the stage for a better understanding of, and policy development on, the intersections of digitalisation with intergenerational care work and care relationships of older people living alone in Germany. The policy review follows a critical approach, in which the problems policy documents address are not considered objective entities, but rather discursively produced knowledge that renders visible some parts of the problem which is to be solved as other possible perspectives are simultaneously excluded. Twenty publicly available documents were studied to analyse the processes in which definitions of care work and digital (in)equalities are circulated, translated and negotiated between the different levels of national government, regional governments and municipalities as well as other agencies in Germany. The policy review consists of two parts: a background chapter providing information on the social structure of Germany, including the historical development of Germany after the Second World War, its political structure, information on the demographic situation with a focus on the 60+ age group, and the income of this age group. In addition, the background presents the structure of work and welfare, the organisation of care for old people, and the state of digitalisation in Germany. The analysis chapter includes a description of the method used as well as an overview of the documents chosen and analysed. The focus of this chapter is on the analysis of official documents that deal with the interplay of living alone in old age, care, and digitalisation. The analysis identified four themes: firstly, ageing is framed largely as a challenge to society, whereas digitalisation is framed as a potential way to tackle social challenges, such as an ageing society. Secondly, challenges of ageing, such as need of care, are set at the individual level, requiring people to organise their care within their own families and immediate social networks, with state support following a principle of subsidiarity. Thirdly, voluntary peer support provides the basis for addressing digital support needs and strategies. Publications by lobby organisations highlight the important work done by voluntary peer support for digital training and the benefits this approach has; they also draw attention to the over-reliance on this form of unpaid support and call for an increase in professional support in ensuring all older people are supported in digital life. Fourthly, ageing as a hinderance to participation in digital life is seen as an interim challenge among younger old people already online.
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
Full textAbstract:
Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.