Journal articles: 'Au/Cu nanowire'

1

Orgen, Salvacion B., and Mary Donnabelle L. Balela. "Characterization of the Mechanical Integrity of Cu Nanowire-Based Transparent Conducting Electrode." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.132.

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Smooth Cu nanowires were synthesized in a dual surfactant hydrothermal process using oleylamine and oleic acid. The Cu nanowires have a mean diameter of 82.3 nm and lengths >300 μm. Cu nanowire based transparent conducting electrodes were successfully fabricated with a decreased sheet resistance of 3.479 to 1.04 kΩ/sq in an increasing nanowire density with a transmittance from 94-80 %. The fabricated transparent electrode exhibits good mechanical stability with high flexibility even after 50 bending cycles. This indicates strong adhesion of the Cu nanowires on the substrate.

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Zuo, Yan, Juan Tang, Xiao Tian Li, Yan Zhao, Hai Lan Gong, and Shi Lun Qiu. "Electrodeposition of Ni and Ni-Cu Nanowires in Rectified Porous Anodic Alumina Membrane." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 1121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.1121.

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Highly ordered Ni and Ni-Cu nanowires were electrodeposited into the micropores of the porous anodic alumina (PAA) template which was fabricated by the method of two-step anodizing and the thickness of barrier layer which was formed during the anodizing process was rectified by applying current limited anodization steps. The X-ray diffration (XRD) was used to characterize the Ni and Ni-Cu nanowires and the morphology of these nanowires was examined by the way of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SQUID magnetometry was used to investigate the magetic properties of the nanowires. It is found that the coercivity and remanence ratio of Ni-Cu nanowire is larger than that of Ni nanowire.

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Shi, Liangjing, Ranran Wang, Haitao Zhai, Yangqiao Liu, Lian Gao, and Jing Sun. "A long-term oxidation barrier for copper nanowires: graphene says yes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 6 (2015): 4231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp05187d.

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Zhang, Wei, Xin Min Huang, Yong Jiu Zhao, Yu Cheng Wu, Guang Qing Xu, Kang Xu, Peng Li, and Peng Jie Zhang. "Direct Electrodeposition of Highly Ordered Au-Cu Alloy Nanowire Arrays." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.155.

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Au-Cu alloy nanowires with diameters 50-100nm and lengths of 500nm have been obtained by direct electrochemical deposition.The fabrication of highly ordered Au-Cu alloy nanowires arrays was used as a Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. This template was fabricated with two-step anodizing method. In this paper, we report electrochemical deposition fabrication of Au–Cu alloy nanowire arrays by AAO. Use SEM, TEM can detect morphology of Au-Cu alloy nanowires, And use EDS to analyse the elements.The electrocatalytic activities of the Au-Cu alloy nanowires for the oxidation of ethanol in acidic medium were investigated by cyclic voltammetry.

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Wang, Yuanxing, Cailing Niu, and Yachuan Zhu. "Copper–Silver Bimetallic Nanowire Arrays for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020173.

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The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into gaseous or liquid fuels has the potential to store renewable energies and reduce carbon emissions. Here, we report a three-step synthesis using Cu–Ag bimetallic nanowire arrays as catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2. CuO/Cu2O nanowires were first grown by thermal oxidation of copper mesh in ambient air and then reduced by annealing in the presence of hydrogen to form Cu nanowires. Cu–Ag bimetallic nanowires were then produced via galvanic replacement between Cu nanowires and the Ag+ precursor. The Cu–Ag nanowires showed enhanced catalytic performance over Cu nanowires for electrochemical reduction of CO2, which could be ascribed to the incorporation of Ag into Cu nanowires leading to suppression of hydrogen evolution. Our work provides a method for tuning the selectivity of copper nanocatalysts for CO2 reduction by controlling their composition.

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Mabuchi, Yota, Norhana Mohamed Rashid, Jian Bo Liang, Naoki Kishi, and Tetsuo Soga. "Direct existence to suggest activity of copper ions surface diffusion on nanowire in growth process." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 21 (July 30, 2019): 1950249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491950249x.

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As regards the copper oxide nanowire growth process, our experiment was consistent with the proposal of copper ions surface diffusion on a nanowire. Simply in the atmospheric pressure it is possible to synthesize CuO nanowires by annealing a copper sheet. Under a general copper oxide nanowires occurring condition, pouring the flow rate of a slight amount of air into an enclosed electric furnace in the atmospheric pressure, copper oxide nanowires adhering copper particles were synthesized on copper sheet successfully. In the growth process of the CuO wire, when the Cu substrate was heated in the air, stresses caused grain boundaries of Cu2O and CuO layers in the Cu substrate. Ultimately Cu ions formed a wire tip diffusing on the surface of a CuO wire in the vertical direction to the top surface of the CuO layer, while assembling to the tip. In this report, we describe characteristics of the structure of the CuO nanowire obtained by lowering the air flow rate.

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Ding, Su, and Yanhong Tian. "Recent progress of solution-processed Cu nanowires transparent electrodes and their applications." RSC Advances 9, no. 46 (2019): 26961–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04404c.

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Kamimura, Himeyo, Masamitsu Hayashida, and Takeshi Ohgai. "CPP-GMR Performance of Electrochemically Synthesized Co/Cu Multilayered Nanowire Arrays with Extremely Large Aspect Ratio." Nanomaterials 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10010005.

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Anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) films, which have numerous nanochannels ca. 75 nm in diameter, D and ca. 70 µm in length, L (ca. 933 in aspect ratio, L/D), were used as a template material for growing Co/Cu multilayered nanowire arrays. The multilayered nanowires with alternating Cu layer and Co layers were synthesized by using an electrochemical pulsed-potential deposition technique. The thickness of the Cu layer was adjusted from ca. 2 to 4 nm while that of the Co layer was regulated from ca. 13 to 51 nm by controlling the pulsed potential parameters. To get a Co/Cu multilayered nanowire in an electrochemical in-situ contact with a sputter-deposited Au thin layer, the pulsed potential deposition was continued up to ca. 5000 cycles until the nanowire reached out toward the surface of AAO template. Current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) effect reached up to ca. 23.5% at room temperature in Co/Cu multilayered nanowires with ca. 3500 Co/Cu bilayers (Cu: 1.4 nm and Co: 18.8 nm). When decreasing the thickness of Co layer, the CPP-GMR value increased due to the Valet–Fert model in the long spin diffusion limit.

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CETINEL, A., and Z. ÖZCELIK. "INFLUENCE OF NANOWIRE DIAMETER ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Cu NANOWIRE SYNTHESIZED IN ANODIC ALUMINIUM OXIDE FILM." Surface Review and Letters 23, no. 01 (February 2016): 1550093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x15500936.

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Copper (Cu) nanowire arrays embedded in anodic aluminium oxide films (AAO) on aluminium substrate have been synthesized by alternating current electrochemical deposition. Two-step anodization process has been performed to get the through-hole AAO with ordered nanochannels in 0.3[Formula: see text]M oxalic acids at DC voltages 30, 40, 50 and 60[Formula: see text]V, respectively. Structural characterization of the Cu nanowires has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (or) X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Our SEM analysis has revealed that the diameters of vertically oriented Cu nanowires are 15, 25, 45 and 60[Formula: see text]nm and the length of Cu nanowires having high packing density is about 15[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. XRD measurement has indicated that polycrystalline Cu nanowires prefer growth orientation along the (111) direction. Optical measurements show that reflection of the Cu nanowires/AAO on aluminium reduces with decreasing diameter of the Cu nanowires. This effect can be associated with increased light scattering from metal nanoparticles near their localized plasmon resonance frequency depending on the size and shape of the nanoparticles.

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10

Chen, Cai Feng, Hao Wang, Zhi Dan Ding, and An Dong Wang. "Fabrication of Copper Nanowire Arrays by Electrolytic Deposition." Journal of Nano Research 32 (May 2015): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.32.25.

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Highly ordered copper nanowire arrays were prepared by electrolytic deposition using porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as template. The technique of removing the barrier layer of the AAO template by the pore widening procedure was investigated. The quality of the Au conducting layers sputtered at the bottom side of the AAO template was also studied. The direct current (DC) electrodeposition of copper nanowire arrays was performed efficiently above the Au layer inside the pores. The morphology of the copper nanowires was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and the composition of Cu nanowires was confirmed by energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the best condition was found to be in phosphoric acid (6%wt) for 10 min to remove the barrier layer completely. Au layer was uniform and dense after sputtering for four times. Copper nanowire arrays were successfully prepared by three-electrode and two-electrode cell electro-deposition, but the nanowire arrays were more ordered by using three-electrode cell and the length of nanowires was more uniform. The diameter of a single Cu nanowire is less than 100 nm with the length up to around 10 μm, and the nanowires are well arranged in arrays.

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11

Ravi Kumar, D. V., Inhyuk Kim, Zhaoyang Zhong, Kyujin Kim, Daehee Lee, and Jooho Moon. "Cu(ii)–alkyl amine complex mediated hydrothermal synthesis of Cu nanowires: exploring the dual role of alkyl amines." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 40 (2014): 22107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03880k.

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The complex formation of Cu²⁺ ions with alkyl amines is a prerequisite for Cu nanowire synthesis. Slow reduction of this complex allows for the generation of twinned seeds, which are later grown into nanowires.

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12

Marchal, Nicolas, Tristan da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes, Flavio Abreu Araujo, and Luc Piraux. "Giant Magnetoresistance and Magneto-Thermopower in 3D Interconnected NixFe1−x/Cu Multilayered Nanowire Networks." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051133.

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The versatility of the template-assisted electrodeposition technique to fabricate complex three-dimensional networks made of interconnected nanowires allows one to easily stack ferromagnetic and non-magnetic metallic layers along the nanowire axis. This leads to the fabrication of unique multilayered nanowire network films showing giant magnetoresistance effect in the current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration that can be reliably measured along the macroscopic in-plane direction of the films. Moreover, the system also enables reliable measurements of the analogous magneto-thermoelectric properties of the multilayered nanowire networks. Here, three-dimensional interconnected NixFe1−x/Cu multilayered nanowire networks (with 0.60≤x≤0.97) are fabricated and characterized, leading to large magnetoresistance and magneto-thermopower ratios up to 17% and −25% in Ni80Fe20/Cu, respectively. A strong contrast is observed between the amplitudes of magnetoresistance and magneto-thermoelectric effects depending on the Ni content of the NiFe alloys. In particular, for the highest Ni concentrations, a strong increase in the magneto-thermoelectric effect is observed, more than a factor of 7 larger than the magnetoresistive effect for Ni97Fe3/Cu multilayers. This sharp increase is mainly due to an increase in the spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient from −7 µV/K for the Ni60Fe40/Cu and Ni70Fe30/Cu nanowire arrays to −21 µV/K for the Ni97Fe3/Cu nanowire array. The enhancement of the magneto-thermoelectric effect for multilayered nanowire networks based on dilute Ni alloys is promising for obtaining a flexible magnetic switch for thermoelectric generation for potential applications in heat management or logic devices using thermal energy.

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13

Hwang, Byungil, Yurim Han, and Paolo Matteini. "BENDING FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF AG NANOWIRE/CU THIN-FILM HYBRID INTERCONNECTS FOR WEARABLE ELECTRONICS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume220730040h.

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Enhancing the mechanical reliability of metal interconnects is important for achieving highly reliable flexible/wearable electronic devices. In this study, Ag nanowire and Cu thin-film hybrid interconnects were explored as a novel concept to enhance mechanical reliability under bending fatigue. Bending fatigue tests were conducted on the Cu thin films and Cu/Ag nanowire/polyimide (CAP) interconnects. The increase in resistance was larger for the Cu thin films than for the CAP. The single-component Cu electrodes showed multiple crack initiation and propagation due to bending strain, which degraded the electrical conductivity. In CAP, however, no long-range cracks were observed, even after 300,000 cycles of bending, although a wavy structure was observed, probably due to the delamination of the Ag nanowires under repeated bending. Our study confirms that flexible Ag nanowire and metal thin-film hybrids can enhance the mechanical reliability of metal thin-film interconnects under bending fatigue.

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14

Xu, Panpan, Ke Ye, Mengmeng Du, Jijun Liu, Kui Cheng, Jinling Yin, Guiling Wang, and Dianxue Cao. "One-step synthesis of copper compounds on copper foil and their supercapacitive performance." RSC Advances 5, no. 46 (2015): 36656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04889c.

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Nanowire-like Cu(OH)₂ arrays, microflower-like CuO standing on Cu(OH)₂ nanowires and hierarchical CuO microflowers are directly synthesized via a simple and cost-effective liquid–solid reaction.

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15

Choi, Soon Mee, Jiung Cho, Young Keun Kim, and Cheol Jin Kim. "TEM Analysis of Multilayered Co/Cu Nanowire Synthesized by DC Electrodeposition." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1233.

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As-received multilayered Co/Cu nanowire arrays were examined by TEM, which were synthesized by pulsed DC electrodeposition using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The multilayered Co/Cu nanowire exhibited magnetism in the perpendicular direction to the long wire axis. These nanowire can be applied to sensor array, magnetic bead(biocompatible), MRI contrast enhancing agent, ferro-fluid. Although the characterization of the multilayered Co/Cu nanowire using XRD and VSM and microstructural analysis using TEM on the bare nanowires extracted from AAO templates have been reported, interface analysis between Co and Cu phase or HREM analysis has not been reported in detail. We have prepared TEM specimen with large thin area which was appropriate for the interface analysis between Co and Cu layer without removing AAO templates using tripod polishing method. Tripod polishing proved very efficient to secure the large observable area during TEM session since the polishing angle can be precisely controlled, regardless of the mechanical strength differences in constituents. Thus we could observe not only the interface between Co and Cu layer but also the interface between the metallic layers and AAO templates. Microstructure, composition, and the concentration variation of each Co and Cu layer and the interfaces were analyzed with TEM and STEM.

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Liu, Xingmin, and Yanchun Zhou. "Electrochemical Synthesis and Room Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Cu Nanowires." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 9 (September 2005): 2371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0288.

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Highly oriented copper nanowires were electrochemically synthesized in a porous alumina membrane template using a new type of weak-acid electrolyte. The Cu nanowires that were deposited have (110) preferred orientation, which is different from most electrochemically deposited Cu nanowires, and they can grow homogeneously. Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the room-temperature oxidation behavior, and it was observed that sample treatment methods greatly influence the oxidation rate of the wires. Cu nanowires with different diameters have different resistance to oxidation. The orientation relationship between oxide layer and small-diameter Cu nanowire was determined to be (001) Cu2O // (111) Cu, (110) Cu2O // (110) Cu, and [110] Cu2O // [112] Cu. The possible oxidation process is also discussed.

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Wang, Xi Zhi, Liang Cai Ma, Ling Ma, and Xue Ling Lin. "Influence of the Thickness of Nonmagnetic Spacer on the Magnetic Properties of Fe/Cu Multilayered Nanowires." Key Engineering Materials 787 (November 2018): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.787.93.

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We present a systematic investigation on the equilibrium structure, stability and magnetic properties of one-dimensional Fe/Cu multilayered nanowires with different width of nonmagnetic Cu spacer using first-principles calculations. The multilayered nanowires preserve their FCC (001) directional lattice symmetry after structural optimization. It is found that the stability of Fe/Cu multilayered nanowires decreases with increasing concentration of nonmagnetic Cu layers. The calculated interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) is found to switch signs as the thickness of nonmagnetic Cu spacer increases in the nanowire, and the magnitude of the IEC value is found to decrease significantly with increasing the number of nonmagnetic Cu layers.

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Song, Jinkyu, Mee-Ree Kim, Youngtae Kim, Darae Seo, Kyungryul Ha, Tae-Eun Song, Wan-Gyu Lee, et al. "Fabrication of junction-free Cu nanowire networks via Ru-catalyzed electroless deposition and their application to transparent conducting electrodes." Nanotechnology 33, no. 6 (November 18, 2021): 065303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac353d.

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Abstract Over the past few years, metal nanowire networks have attracted attention as an alternative to transparent conducting oxide materials such as indium tin oxide for transparent conducting electrode applications. Recently, electrodeposition of metal on nanoscale template is widely used for formation of metal network. In the present work, junctionless Cu nanowire networks were simply fabricated on a substrate by forming a nanostructured Ru with 80 nm width as a seed layer, followed by direct electroless deposition of Cu. By controlling the density of Ru nanowires or the electroless deposition time, we readily achieve desired transmittance and sheet resistance values ranging from ∼1 kΩ sq−1 at 99% to 9 Ω sq−1 at 89%. After being transferred to flexible substrates, the nanowire networks exhibited no obvious increase in resistance during 8000 cycles of a bending test to a radius of 2.5 mm. The durability was verified by evaluation of its heating performance. The maximum temperature was greater than 180 °C at 3 V and remained constant after three repeated cycles and for 10 min. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction studies revealed that the adhesion between the electrolessly deposited Cu and the seed Ru nanowires strongly influenced the durability of the core–shell structured nanowire-based heaters.

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Ren, Shan, Li Qiang Li, Zhu Feng Liu, Ming Li, and Lan Hong. "The Light Absorption Properties of Cu₂S Nanowire Arrays." Advanced Materials Research 528 (June 2012): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.272.

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Cu2S nanowire arrays with different morphologies were prepared by solid-gas reaction between Cu foil and mixture gas of H2S and O2. Their microstructures were observed with XRD, TEM, and the optical properties were measured by DRS, PL and Raman. The results showed that the nanowire were Cu2S single crystal with a thin layer CuxO (x=1, 2) over the surface. The optical properties of the Cu2S nanowire arrays are related to the diameter, length, and distribution density of nanowire arrays. The thinner is the nanowire’s diameter; the bigger is the absorption of the visible light, and the absorbance begun to descend within infrared band. The absorbance of nanowire arrays with bigger diameter to the infrared light was stronger than that with thinner diameter. The photoluminescence spectrum (PL) indicated that band gaps of Cu2S nanowire arrays also changed simultaneously with the nanowire arrays’ structure parameters. The research demonstrated the Cu2S nanowire arrays’ potential applications in the photovoltaic cell and solar-heat harvesting area.

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Korobova, Julia, Dmitry Bazhanov, and Irina Kamynina. "Oxygen Effect on Magnetic Anisotropy Energy of Co Nanowires on Cu(210) Surface - An Ab Initio Study." Solid State Phenomena 233-234 (July 2015): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.233-234.530.

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An ab initio study of Co monatomic nanowires (NW) magnetic properties on pure and oxygen reconstructed Cu (210) surface was performed. Strong influence of oxygen surface impurity on MAE in Co nanowire was found. High value of magnetic moment and small energy of magnetic anisotropy (MAE) were obtained in Co nanowires on pure Cu (210) surface. After oxygen reconstruction of Cu (210) surface (Cu (210)-(2×1)O) the significant enhancement of MAE was found in Co nanowires, while the magnetic moment of Co atoms is practically unchanged. Oxygen on Cu (210) surface rotates easy magnetization axis in Co NW with respect to the pure surface.

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Sun, Xiu Yu, and Fa Qiang Xu. "Controlling Aspect Ratio of Copper Group Nanowire Arrays by Electrochemical Deposition in the Nanopores of AAO." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.429.

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Highly ordered Cu, Ag and Au nanowire arrays with high aspect ratio and highly dense self-supporting nanowire patterns of copper group were successfully prepared using cyclic voltammetry with the assistance of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the metal nanowries were indexed to the face-centered cubic structure. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) results demonstrated that the length of nanowire could be controlled by changing the electrodepositon conditions. The aspect ratio of nanowire arrays can be tuned.

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Balela, Mary Donnabelle L., Salvacion B. Orgen, and Michael R. Tan. "Fabrication of Highly Flexible Copper Nanowires in Dual Surfactant Hydrothermal Process." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 7156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16714.

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Highly flexible Cu nanowires were successfully synthesized by a dual-surfactant hydrothermal process using oleylamine and oleic acid. The ultra-long Cu nanowires have a mean diameter as low as 82.3 nm and lengths greater than 300 μm. It was found that reaction time and oleylamine concentration significantly influenced the morphology and phase composition of the Cu products. At a shorter reaction time (about 4 hours), pentagonal bipyramidal CU2O particles were precipitated together with the Cu nanowires. A longer reaction time of 12 hours resulted in smooth and purely metallic Cu nanowires. It is possible that CU2O served as an intermediate phase to control the activity of free CU2+ ions in the solution. On the other hand, a higher oleylamine concentration generally produced longer Cu nanowires. Cu nanowires conducting electrode with a sheet resistance of about 157.0 Ω/□ were fabricated. However, the optical transmittance of the electrode at 550 nm was very low (<20%) because of the agglomeration of the Cu nanowires. The addition of a small quantity of Ag nanowires in the Cu nanowire ink markedly improved the appearance and electrical properties of the resulting electrode.

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Thankalekshmi, Ratheesh R., Samwad Dixit, In-Tae Bae, Daniel VanHart, and A. C. Rastogi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Cu-doped ZnO Film in Nanowire like Morphology Using Low Temperature Self-Catalytic Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) Method." MRS Proceedings 1494 (2012): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1696.

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ABSTRACTCu-doped ZnO film in nanowire structure is synthesized by a closed space flux sublimation and periodic oxidation method at ∼300°C over Si substrate. Oxidative process controlled selfcatalytic VLS mechanism is proposed for the film growth. X-ray diffraction pattern establishes that Cu-doped ZnO nanowires retain the crystallite structure of the wurtzite ZnO. TEM studies indicate single crystal character of the Cu-doped ZnO nanowires. Optical absorption analysis of Cu-doped ZnO nanowires defines two direct energy band gaps. The low energy band gap at 3.2eV is intrinsic to the Cu-doped ZnO material. The higher energy band gap at 3.5eV is attributed to the nanosize, mediated by strong forward scattering of light from the nanowires. Sharp photoluminescence in Cu-doped ZnO corresponding to near bandgap free exciton emission is observed and a redshift of ∼0.07 eV is consistent with the effect of Cu-doping. The visible emission band in both ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO shows a broad green emission band with Cu-substitution shifting the maximum visible luminescence towards the higher energy side.

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Han, Juan, Xiufang Qin, Zhiyong Quan, Lanfang Wang, and Xiaohong Xu. "Perpendicular Giant Magnetoresistance and Magnetic Properties of Co/Cu Nanowire Arrays Affected by Period Number and Copper Layer Thickness." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9019806.

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One-dimensional magnetic nanowires have attracted much attention in the last decades due to their unique physical properties and potential applications in magnetic recording and spintronics. In this work, ordered arrays of Co/Cu multilayered nanowires which can be exploited to develop magnetoresistive sensors were successfully prepared using porous anodic alumina (PAA) templates. The structure and morphology of the multilayered nanowire arrays were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The nanowire arrays are highly ordered and the average diameter is about 50 nm, which is controlled by the pore diameter of the PAA templates. The influences of period number and Cu layer thickness on the magnetic and the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) properties were investigated. The coercivity and remanence ratio increase first and then gradually tend to be stable with the increase of period number and the Cu layer thickness, while the GMR ratio increases first and then decreases with the increase of the period number accompanied by an oscillatory behavior of GMR as the Cu layer thickness changes, which are ascribed to the spin dependence electron scattering in the multilayers. The optimum GMR of −13% appears at Co (50 nm)/Cu (5 nm) with 200 deposition cycles in our experimental conditions.

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Huang, Xinwen, Yingying Zhu, Wanquan Yang, Anhua Jiang, Xiaoqiang Jin, Yirong Zhang, Liang Yan, Geshan Zhang, and Zongjian Liu. "A Self-Supported CuO/Cu Nanowire Electrode as Highly Efficient Sensor for COD Measurement." Molecules 24, no. 17 (August 28, 2019): 3132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173132.

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A self-supported CuO/Cu nanowire electrode (CuO/CuNWE), which was prepared by annealing Cu nanowires to form a porous Cu nanowire electrode (CuNWE) and then anodizing the as-prepared CuNWE in alkaline medium to generate Cu(OH)2 nanowires followed by calcination, was employed for chemical oxygen demand (COD) determination using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The structure and electrochemical behavior of the CuO/CuNWE were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and CV. The results indicated that the as-synthesized CuO/CuNWE, in which CuO nanowires with a length of several micrometers and a diameter of 100 to 300 nm could be found, was stable in alkaline medium and more electrocatalytically active for oxidizing a wide range of organic compounds in comparison with the CuNWE. Under optimized alkaline concentration and scan rate, the CuO/CuNWE exhibited a good performance for COD measurement, with a linear range of 5 to 1153 mg L−1, a sensitivity of 2.46× 10−2 mA /(mg L−1), and a detection limit of about 2.3 mg L−1. In addition, an excellent correlation was observed in COD values obtained by our method and the classic dichromate method (r = 0.9995, p < 0.01, n = 11). Finally, our method was successfully used to measure the COD values in real water samples, showing great potential for practical application in water pollution control.

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Manning, Hugh G., Patrick F. Flowers, Mutya A. Cruz, Claudia Gomes da Rocha, Colin O' Callaghan, Mauro S. Ferreira, Benjamin J. Wiley, and John J. Boland. "The resistance of Cu nanowire–nanowire junctions and electro-optical modeling of Cu nanowire networks." Applied Physics Letters 116, no. 25 (June 22, 2020): 251902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0012005.

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Harsojo, Harsojo, Lutfi Ayu Puspita, Dedi Mardiansyah, Roto Roto, and Kuwat Triyana. "The Roles of Hydrazine and Ethylenediamine in Wet Synthesis of Cu Nanowire." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.23618.

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A wet synthesis Cu nanowire using CuNO3 as a precursor and hydrazine as a reduction agent and ethylene diamine as a polymer capping agent in excessive sodium hydroxide solution 15 M NaOH has been done. The study was done by varying the volume of hydrazine 0.15, 0.25 and 0.75 mL and ethylenediamine (EDA) (0.5, 1.5 and 0.25 mL) in a total volume of 100 mL, to investigate the roles of these two agents in forming the nanowire and was done at 60 °C at 60 RPM stirring speed. The study revealed that the wet synthesis could be used to produce nanowires in the length of micrometers with a diameter of about hundred nanometers. The best CuNW was obtained at volume EDA 1.5 mL at hydrazine volume 0.15 mL with length to diameter ratio was 120 ± 30. The roles of both hydrazine and the EDA in the process of making nanowires and nanoparticles were also discussed.

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Chen, Jung-Hsuan, Shen-Chuan Lo, Shu-Chi Hsu, and Chun-Yao Hsu. "Fabrication and Characteristics of SnAgCu Alloy Nanowires for Electrical Connection Application." Micromachines 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9120644.

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As electronic products become more functional, the devices are required to provide better performances and meet ever smaller form factor requirements. To achieve a higher I/O density within the smallest form factor package, applying nanotechniques to electronic packaging can be regarded as a possible approach in microelectronic technology. Sn-3.0 wt% Ag-0.5 wt% Cu (SAC305) is a common solder material of electrical connections in microelectronic devices. In this study, SAC305 alloy nanowire was fabricated in a porous alumina membrane with a pore diameter of 50 nm by the pressure casting method. The crystal structure and composition analyses of SAC305 nanowires show that the main structure of the nanowire is β-Sn, and the intermetallic compound, Ag3Sn, locates randomly but always appears on the top of the nanowire. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate the melting point of SAC305 alloy nanowire is around 227.7 °C. The melting point of SAC305 alloy nanowire is significantly higher than that of SAC305 bulk alloy (219.4 °C). It is supposed that the non-uniform phase distribution and composite difference between the nanowires causes the change of melting temperature.

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Li, Xiaoxin, Xiaogan Li, Ning Chen, Xinye Li, Jianwei Zhang, Jun Yu, Jing Wang, and Zhenan Tang. "CuO-In2O3Core-Shell Nanowire Based Chemical Gas Sensors." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/973156.

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The CuO-In2O3core-shell nanowire was fabricated by a two-step method. The CuO nanowire core (NWs) was firstly grown by the conventional thermal oxidation of Cu meshes at 500°C for 5 hours. Then, the CuO nanowires were immersed into the suspension of amorphous indium hydroxide deposited from the In(AC)3solution by ammonia. The CuO nanowires coated with In(OH)3were subsequently heated at 600°C to form the crystalline CuO-In2O3core-shell structure, with In2O3nanocrystals uniformly anchored on the CuO nanowires. The gas sensing properties of the formed CuO-In2O3core-shell nanowires were investigated by various reducing gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and propane at elevated temperature. The sensors using the CuO-In2O3nanowires show improved sensing performance to hydrogen and propane but a suppressed response to carbon monoxide, which could be attributed to the enhanced catalytic properties of CuO with the coated porous In2O3shell and the p-n junction formed at the core-shell interface.

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Caspani, Sofia, Suellen Moraes, David Navas, Mariana P. Proenca, Ricardo Magalhães, Cláudia Nunes, João Pedro Araújo, and Célia T. Sousa. "The Magnetic Properties of Fe/Cu Multilayered Nanowires: The Role of the Number of Fe Layers and Their Thickness." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102729.

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Multi-segmented bilayered Fe/Cu nanowires have been fabricated through the electrodeposition in porous anodic alumina membranes. We have assessed, with the support of micromagnetic simulations, the dependence of fabricated nanostructures’ magnetic properties either on the number of Fe/Cu bilayers or on the length of the magnetic layers, by fixing both the nonmagnetic segment length and the wire diameter. The magnetic reversal, in the segmented Fe nanowires (NWs) with a 300 nm length, occurs through the nucleation and propagation of a vortex domain wall (V-DW) from the extremities of each segment. By increasing the number of bilayers, the coercive field progressively increases due to the small magnetostatic coupling between Fe segments, but the coercivity found in an Fe continuous nanowire is not reached, since the interactions between layers is limited by the Cu separation. On the other hand, Fe segments 30 nm in length have exhibited a vortex configuration, with around 60% of the magnetization pointing parallel to the wires’ long axis, which is equivalent to an isolated Fe nanodisc. By increasing the Fe segment length, a magnetic reversal occurred through the nucleation and propagation of a V-DW from the extremities of each segment, similar to what happens in a long cylindrical Fe nanowire. The particular case of the Fe/Cu bilayered nanowires with Fe segments 20 nm in length revealed a magnetization oriented in opposite directions, forming a synthetic antiferromagnetic system with coercivity and remanence values close to zero.

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Alouach, H., and G. J. Mankey. "Epitaxial growth of copper nanowire arrays grown on H-terminated Si(110) using glancing-angle deposition." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 3620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0465.

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We report the growth of epitaxial nanowire arrays using the technique of glancing- angle deposition with substrate rotation. Epitaxial copper nanowire arrays were deposited on H-terminated Si(110) using electron beam evaporation. The nanowire arrays were characterized by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Individual nanowires were confirmed to be single crystalline by examination with transmission electron microscopy. The epitaxial growth involves twin formation with the epitaxial orientation relationships: Cu(111)//Si(110) with Cu[110]//Si[001] and Cu[110//Si[001] for each of the twins. As the angle of incidence is increased, Cu grows as isolated columns with a spacing that increases as the angle of incidence is increased. However, the thickness limit for epitaxial growth is reduced as the angle of incidence is increased, and it is reduced to approximately 300 nm for a deposition angle of 75°. The x-ray rocking curves for samples deposited at increasing polar angles show steadily improving crystal orientation up to a deposition angle of about 35°. Beyond 65° deposition angle, the rocking curves show significantly sharper split diffraction peaks indicating that there are distinct orientations. In addition, the split peaks have a much lower full width at half maximum. The observed behavior is explained based on arguments involving unidirectional diffusion arising from adatom parallel momentum.

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Shen, Yan, Li-Wei Bao, Fang-Zhou Sun, and Tong-Liang Hu. "A novel Cu-nanowire@Quasi-MOF via mild pyrolysis of a bimetal-MOF for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol in air." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 11 (2019): 2363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00277d.

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A Cu-nanowire@Quasi-MOF was synthesized using a Cu/Co bimetal-MOF via a thermal decomposition strategy for the first time. The Cu-nanowire@Quasi-MOF exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol in air.

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Yao, J. L., G. P. Pan, K. H. Xue, D. Y. Wu, B. Ren, D. M. Sun, J. Tang, X. Xu, and Z. Q. Tian. "A complementary study of surface-enhanced Raman scattering and metal nanorod arrays." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2000): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072010221.

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The two-dimensional arrays of various metal nanowires with diameters ranging from 15 to 70 nm have been fabricated by electrodepositing metals of Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, and Co into the nanoholes of the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films, followed by partial removal of the film. The strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effects were observed from the metal nanowire arrays including Ni, Co metals that were normally considered to be non-SERS active substrates. It has been shown that metal nanowire arrays can serve as very good SERS active substrates, especially for transition metals. The SERS intensity of the probe molecule adsorbed at the nanowires depends critically on the length of the nanowires explored at the surface. And the band frequency is very sensitive to the diameter, which reflects the change in the electronic property of metal nanowires. Applying this probe molecule strategy, SERS could develop into a diagnostic tool of metal nanowires (nanorods).

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Costas, Andreea, Camelia Florica, Elena Matei, Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares, Ionel Stavarache, Andrei Kuncser, Victor Kuncser, and Ionut Enculescu. "Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (August 30, 2018): 2345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.219.

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Arrays of magnetic Ni–Cu alloy nanowires with different compositions were prepared by a template-replication technique using electrochemical deposition into polycarbonate nanoporous membranes. Photolithography was employed for obtaining interdigitated metallic electrode systems of Ti/Au onto SiO2/Si substrates and subsequent electron beam lithography was used for contacting single nanowires in order to investigate their galvano-magnetic properties. The results of the magnetoresistance measurements made on single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires of different compositions have been reported and discussed in detail. A direct methodology for transforming the magnetoresistance data into the corresponding magnetic hysteresis loops was proposed, opening new possibilities for an easy magnetic investigation of single magnetic nanowires in the peculiar cases of Stoner–Wohlfarth-like magnetization reversal mechanisms. The magnetic parameters of single Ni–Cu nanowires of different Ni content have been estimated and discussed by the interpretation of the as derived magnetic hysteresis loops via micromagnetic modeling. It has been theoretically proven that the proposed methodology can be applied over a large range of nanowire diameters if the measurement geometry is suitably chosen.

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Li, Jun Shou, Xiao Juan Wu, Ming Yuan Wang, and Fang Zhao. "The Preparation Technology of SnO₂ Nanowires Based on the System of Al-SnO-Cu₂O." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.20.

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Aluminum powder, stannous oxide powder and cuprous oxide powder are used for the preparation of tin oxide nanostructure in combustion synthesis-injection method with the formula designed using combinatorial chemistry method. The composition range of tin oxide nanostructure synthesis has been studied and the best formula of tin oxide nanowires synthesis has been screened. The research shows that the effective ingredient scope of tin oxide nanostructure is Al=30%~60%, CuO2=10%~50%, SnO=20% ~50% (mol), the main form of tin oxide nanostructure is nanowire and there are also forms such as nanorod, nanoparticle and nanobelt. The formula of tin oxide nanowire which leads to high yield, high purity and high conversion is Al:SnO:Cu2O=4:2:4(mol), the diameter of the tin oxide nanowires is within the range of 10~100 nm and most of them is from 40 to 60 nm, the highest conversion rate of SnO powder to SnO2 nanowire is 25.6%(mass), the tin oxide nanostructure synthesized by combustion synthesis-injection method has high purity, good dispensability, low preparation cost and it is also suitable for mass production.

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Yang, Guangjie, Mengmeng Cui, Tao Han, Dong Fang, Xingjie Lu, Sui Peng, Olim Ruzimuradov, and Jianhong Yi. "Discharged Na₅V₁₂O₃₂ Nanowire Arrays Coated with Cu-Cu₂O for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 110546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac39dc.

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Sodium vanadate have been widely used as a lithium-ion battery anode. However, its further application is restricted by the capacity attenuation during cycles because of its easy solubility in electrolyte, huge structural change, and low conductivity. Here, a lithium-ion battery electrode based on Cu-Cu2O coated Na5V12O32 nanowire arrays using a predischarge-electrodeposition method is freported. Remarkably, in the Cu-Cu2O@Na5V12O32 electrode, the Na5V12O32 nanowires function as the skeleton, and Cu-Cu2O nanoparticles function as the coating layer. At a specific current of 50 mA g−1, the composite electrode exhibits discharge and charge capacity of 837 and 821 mAh g−1 after 80 cycles, respectively, which is much higher than that of the Na5V12O32 nanowires electrode. This research provides a new pathway to explore electrode materials with enhanced electrochemical performance.

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Pryjmaková, Jana, Mariia Hryhoruk, Martin Veselý, Petr Slepička, Václav Švorčík, and Jakub Siegel. "Engineered Cu-PEN Composites at the Nanoscale: Preparation and Characterisation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071220.

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As polymeric materials are already used in many industries, the range of their applications is constantly expanding. Therefore, their preparation procedures and the resulting properties require considerable attention. In this work, we designed the surface of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) introducing copper nanowires. The surface of PEN was transformed into coherent ripple patterns by treatment with a KrF excimer laser. Then, Cu deposition onto nanostructured surfaces by a vacuum evaporation technique was accomplished, giving rise to nanowires. The morphology of the prepared structures was investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the distribution of Cu in the nanowires and their gradual oxidation. The optical properties of the Cu nanowires were measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The sessile drop method revealed the hydrophobic character of the Cu/PEN surface, which is important for further studies of biological responses. Our study suggests that a combination of laser surface texturing and vacuum evaporation can be an effective and simple method for the preparation of a Cu/polymer nanocomposite with potential exploitation in bioapplications; however, it should be borne in mind that significant post-deposition oxidation of the Cu nanowire occurs, which may open up new strategies for further biological applications.

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Chopra, Nitin, Bing Hu, and Bruce J. Hinds. "Selective growth and kinetic study of copper oxide nanowires from patterned thin-film multilayer structures." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 10 (October 2007): 2691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0377.

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Selective growth of CuO nanowires on the etched face of Al2O3/Cu/Al2O3 thin-film multilayer patterns was achieved by ambient oxidation at 400 °C. The nanowires were observed to selectively grow only from the pattern edge with diameter limited by the thickness of Cu thin film. Transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) characterization confirmed CuO nanowires of a monoclinic CuO growing in the [010] crystallographic direction. Nanowire growth kinetics was studied at 400 °C for different cumulative growth durations with initial growth rates of ∼1 nm/min. A base growth mechanism with kinetics limited by oxygen diffusion through defects of a scaling oxide film is consistent with observed kinetics. The oxygen diffusivity is found to be ∼10−11 cm2/s, consistent with the grain-boundary diffusion of oxygen through polycrystalline copper oxide.

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Dinh, Cam Thi Mong, Thang Bach Phan, and Hoang Thanh Nguyen. "Synthesis of ZnO nanowires on Ti/glass substrates by DC magnetron sputter deposition." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i2.1314.

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One-dimensional (1-D) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, such as ZnO nanowires and nanorods, have in recent years attracted a lot of attention due to their many unique properties and possibility that can be applied to various nanoscale functional devices. In this study, ZnO nanowires have been successfully synthesized on Ti/glass substrates by an DC magnetron sputter deposition technique. Deposition of ZnO using this technique generally leads to the formation of ZnO thin film but not of nanowire. So prior to the ZnO deposition, a Cu labyer was prepared on the Ti/glass substrate using an electroless plating method under different conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the ZnO nanowires with wurtzite structures have high crystal quality and are c-axis orientated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the diameters of nanowires normally range from 60 to 150 nm and their lengths reach 20 μm. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were adopted to analyze the optical properties of the nanowires. The existence of an electroless Cu layer is critical for the growth of the ZnO nanowires. In addition, the effect of the Cu deposition conditions on the diameters and lengths of the ZnO nanowires is discussed in details.

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Li, Lijie, Yan Zhang, and Zhengjun Chew. "A Cu/ZnO Nanowire/Cu Resistive Switching Device." Nano-Micro Letters 5, no. 3 (July 25, 2013): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03353745.

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41

Zhang, Yaya, Wen Xu, Shaohui Xu, Guangtao Fei, Yiming Xiao, and Jiaguang Hu. "Optical properties of Ni and Cu nanowire arrays and Ni/Cu superlattice nanowire arrays." Nanoscale Research Letters 7, no. 1 (2012): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-7-569.

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Patella, Bernardo, Carmelo Sunseri, and Rosalinda Inguanta. "Nanostructured Based Electrochemical Sensors." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16110.

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In this work, we present some results concerning the electrochemical behavior of nanostructured-based electrochemical sensors. In particular, the attention has been focused on Pd and Cu nanowires for detection of hydrogen peroxide and NiO thin film or Ni@NiO core–shell nanowires for detection of mercury ions. Ordered array of Pd and Cu nanowires was obtained through displacement deposition reaction in a commercial polycarbonate membrane acting as a template. The method leads to stable nanostructured electrodes of Pd and Cu with high surface area. For the detection of mercury ions, we have fabricated a Ni/NiO electrochemical sensor, obtained by mild thermal oxidation of Ni-foil. Some results on Ni@NiO core–shell nanowires were also reported. The effect of oxidation time and temperature was studied in order to compare performances of the Ni@NiO nanowire array with those of NiO thin film. All samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS analysis. Electrochemical tests have been conducted in order to characterize specific electrode performance such as sensibility, selectivity, and accuracy. Highly satisfying results have been obtained.

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Choi, Won Young, Jeong Won Kang, and Ho Jung Hwang. "Cu Nanowire Structures Inside Carbon Nanotubes." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 1229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.1229.

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We have investigated the structures of copper nanowires encapsulated in carbon nanotubes using a structural optimization process applied to a steepest descent method. Results show that the stable morphology of the cylindrical ultra-thin copper nanowires in carbon nanotubes is multi-shell packs consisted of coaxial cylindrical shells. As the diameters of copper nanotubes increases, the encapsulated copper nanowires have the face centered cubic structure as the bulk. The circular rolling of a triangular network can explain the structures of ultra-thin multi-shell copper nanowires encapsulated in carbon nanotubes.

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Brun, Christophe, Corentin Carmignani, Cheikh Tidiane-Diagne, Simona Torrengo, Pierre-Henri Elchinger, Patrick Reynaud, Aurélie Thuaire, et al. "First Integration Steps of Cu-based DNA Nanowires for interconnections." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, DPC (January 1, 2016): 000650–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016dpc-tp15.

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In the wide range of emergent nanotechnologies, DNA-based microelectronics has shown an important potential for components miniaturization and auto-assembling approaches applicable to future silicon-based electronic circuits [1]. In order to pursue the Moore's law, interconnections must be indeed addressed at the nanoscale, with a good control of their size, location and electrical & thermal performances. With its natural auto-assembling property, its 2-nm-double-helix diameter and its several metallization possibilities, DNA is a promising candidate to build bio-inspired electronic components [1]. DNA has been first metallized by Erez Braun in 1998 using a silver electroless method [2]. Since 1998, several groups have worked on DNA metallization using different chemistries with metals such as Pd, Pt, Au, Ag and Cu [3]. Most of these works have presented electrical and morphological characterizations of few metallic nanowires. However, in order to initiate DNA-based-nanowires integration on silicon technologies, we must start to implement nanowires on silicon at wafer scale. We have thus developed a platform based on silicon technologies providing morphological and electrical characterizations of copper nanowires built from DNA [4]. This platform will allow us to simultaneously characterize a large number of nanowires, returning a statistic of their electrical performance, and thus allowing the optimization of the copper nanowire metallization process. Two main approaches are proposed to fabricate and contact a large number of copper nanowires with metallic electrodes in order to study their electrical behavior. In both approaches, a linear 16-μm-length DNA phage is used. The first approach consists in aligning DNA wires on a hydrophobic silicon oxide surface by a method called DNA combing. On a second time, aligned DNA wires are all metallized by electroless process [4]. 5-nm-diameter copper nanowires have been so far achieved by this method and focus on improving the metallization process is currently at stake. Finally, Ti/Au electrodes are fabricated on the nanowires by a classical lift-off process in order to electrically connect them. The advantage of this approach is the very accurate nanowires alignment and their homogeneity over the surface. However, the low number of aligned nanowires per surface unit (10–20μm−2) and the high electrical resistance of each (>kohms) makes the electrical characterization quite complex. On the other side, the second approach consists in fabricating the Ti/Au electrodes first and then aligning or randomly depositing the copper nanowires at their surface. Same protocols are used to align and metallize the DNA nanowires for both approaches. The advantage of this second approach is a higher nanowire density deposited on the electrodes. However, a higher contact resistance and a lower control of nanowires alignment are obtained. Both approaches are currently explored and permit to explore a wide range of parameters for copper nanowires metallization process improvement.

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He, Xin, Ruihui He, Qiuming Lan, Feng Duan, Jundong Xiao, Mingxia Song, Mei Zhang, Yeqing Chen, and Yang Li. "A Facile Fabrication of Silver-Coated Copper Nanowires by Galvanic Replacement." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2127980.

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We demonstrated a general strategy to fabricate silver-coated copper nanowires by a galvanic replacement, which is guided by the chemical principle that metal ions (silver ions) with a relatively high reduction potential can galvanically etch nanostructure made from a less metal (copper). Well-dispersed and high-yielded copper nanowires were initially synthesized and then introduced into silver-ammonia solution for the growth of silver nanocrystals on the nanowire surfaces under vigorous oscillation. The results of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope revealed that the silver nanocrystals were uniformly distributed on the copper nanowire surfaces to form Cu-Ag heterostructures. The concentration of silver-ammonia solution and the time of replacement reaction determine the size and density of the silver nanocrystals. Our investigation might pave the way to the synthesis of other bimetallic nanostructures via a facile, fast, and economical route.

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Kimura, Yoshinari, and Hironori Tohmyoh. "Fabrication of Cu oxide/TiO₂ p–n nanojunctions by stress-induced migration." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 11 (March 21, 2023): 114302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0136274.

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Many Cu oxide/TiO2 p–n nanojunctions were fabricated by introducing the concept of using n-type TiO2 layers to the fabrication method of p-type Cu oxide nanowires by stress-induced migration. Cu oxide/TiO2 nanojunctions were formed along with nanowire growth by heating a Cu thin film with TiO2 passivation layers of different thicknesses. The presence of p–n nanojunctions at the Cu oxide/TiO2 interface was analyzed by current–voltage and electrochemical impedance measurements. The sheet resistance of the samples decreased as the TiO2 thickness increased from 0 to 20 nm and then increased with increasing TiO2 thickness. The shapes of Nyquist plots consisted of two semicircles, one distorted semicircle, and two distorted semicircles for samples without a TiO2 layer, with 2 or 20 nm TiO2 layer, and with 100 or 200 nm TiO2 layer, respectively. The TiO2 thickness dependence of these electrical characteristics suggests that electrical conduction in the sample heated with a TiO2 passivation layer was through the Cu oxide grain surface, Cu oxide/TiO2 interface, and Cu oxide nanowires. In the equivalent circuit representing this electrical conduction, the capacitance values at the Cu oxide/TiO2 interface decreased with increasing TiO2 thickness. These results suggest that a thicker TiO2 passivation layer led to the formation of more p–n nanojunctions at the Cu oxide/TiO2 interface.

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Robinson, A., and W. Schwarzacher. "Magnetic interactions in Ni–Cu/Cu superlattice nanowire arrays." Journal of Applied Physics 93, no. 10 (May 15, 2003): 7250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1543895.

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Lotey, Gurmeet Singh, and N. K. Verma. "Fabrication and characterization of Cu–CdSe–Cu nanowire heterojunctions." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 13, no. 10 (August 5, 2011): 5397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0526-5.

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da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes, Tristan, Nicolas Marchal, Flavio Abreu Araujo, and Luc Piraux. "Flexible thermoelectric films based on interconnected magnetic nanowire networks." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 22 (February 3, 2022): 223001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4d47.

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Abstract Recently, there has been increasing interest in the fabrication of flexible thermoelectric devices capable of cooling or recovering waste heat from hot surfaces with complex geometries. This paper reviews recent developments on three-dimensional networks of interconnected ferromagnetic nanowires, which offer new perspectives for the fabrication of flexible thermoelectric modules. The nanowire arrays are fabricated by direct electrodeposition into the crossed nanopores of polymeric templates. This low-cost, easy and reliable method allows control over the geometry, composition and morphology of the nanowire array. Here we report measured thermoelectric characteristics as a function of temperature and magnetic field of nanowire networks formed from pure metals (Co, Fe, Ni), alloys (NiCo, NiFe and NiCr) and FM/Cu multilayers (with FM = Co, Co50Ni50 and Ni80Fe20). Homogeneous nanowire arrays have high thermoelectric power factors, almost as high as their bulk constituents, and allow for positive and negative Seebeck coefficient values. These high thermoelectric power factors are essentially maintained in multilayer nanowires which also exhibit high magnetic modulability of electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient. This has been exploited in newly designed flexible thermoelectric switches that allow switching from an ‘off’ state with zero thermoelectric output voltage to an ‘on’ state that can be easily measured by applying or removing a magnetic field. Overall, these results are a first step towards the development of flexible thermoelectric modules that use waste heat to power thermally activated sensors and logic devices.

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Wang, Yinhai, Jingjing Yang, Changhui Ye, Xiaosheng Fang, and Lide Zhang. "Thermal expansion of Cu nanowire arrays." Nanotechnology 15, no. 11 (August 24, 2004): 1437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/15/11/009.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Au/Cu nanowire'

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