Journal articles: 'Atypical speech'

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Stemmer, Georg, Elmar Nöth, and Vijay Parsa. "Atypical Speech." EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing 2010, no. 1 (2010): 835974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1687-4722-2010-835974.

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Stemmer, Georg, Elmar Nöth, and Vijay Parsa. "Atypical Speech." EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing 2010 (2010): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/835974.

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Jamieson, Donald G., Vijay Parsa, Moneca C. Price, and James Till. "Interaction of Speech Coders and Atypical Speech I." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 3 (June 2002): 482–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/038).

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Jamieson, Donald G., Vijay Parsa, Moneca C. Price, and James Till. "Interaction of Speech Coders and Atypical Speech II." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 4 (August 2002): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/055).

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We investigated how standard speech coders, currently used in modern communication systems, affect the quality of the speech of persons who have common speech and voice disorders. Three standardized speech coders (GSM 6.10 RPELTP, FS1016 CELP, and FS1015 LPC) and two speech coders based on subband processing were evaluated for their performance. Coder effects were assessed by measuring the quality of speech samples both before and after processing by the speech coders. Speech quality was rated by 10 listeners with normal hearing on 28 different scales representing pitch and loudness changes, speech rate, laryngeal and resonatory dysfunction, and coder-induced distortions. Results showed that (a) nine scale items were consistently and reliably rated by the listeners; (b) all coders degraded speech quality on these nine scales, with the GSM and CELP coders providing the better quality speech; and (c) interactions between coders and individual voices did occur on several voice quality scales.

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Vouloumanos, Athena, and Hanna M. Gelfand. "Infant perception of atypical speech signals." Developmental Psychology 49, no. 5 (2013): 815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029055.

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Van Hirtum, Tilde, Arturo Moncada-Torres, Pol Ghesquière, and Jan Wouters. "Speech Envelope Enhancement Instantaneously Effaces Atypical Speech Perception in Dyslexia." Ear and Hearing 40, no. 5 (2019): 1242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000706.

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Brosseau-Lapré, Françoise, and Elizabeth Roepke. "Speech Errors and Phonological Awareness in Children Ages 4 and 5 Years With and Without Speech Sound Disorder." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 9 (September 20, 2019): 3276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-17-0461.

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Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between types of speech errors produced by children with speech sound disorders (SSD) and children with typical speech and language development (TD) and phonological awareness (PA) skills. Method Participants were 40 children, half with SSD and half with TD, ages 4 and 5 years. They completed standard speech, language, and PA tests as well as produced single words varying in length from 1 to 5 syllables. Production of each consonant was classified as either correct production, omission, substitution, and distortion; errors were also classified as typical or atypical. Results The children with SSD produced similar proportions of each type of speech errors in mono-, di-, and multisyllabic words. In contrast, the children with TD produced much lower, but not significantly different, proportions of omissions, substitutions, distortions, and typical speech errors at each word length. They produced no atypical errors in monosyllabic words and were significantly more likely to produce them in multisyllabic words. Proportions of omissions and atypical speech errors were significantly correlated with PA performance. Variance in PA skills was predicted partly by vocabulary, language skills, and age; omissions accounted for an additional 5% of variance in PA. Other types of speech errors did not account for additional significant variance in PA performance. Conclusions Poorer PA skills were found to be associated with omissions and atypical speech errors. Research is required to investigate the potential of omission and atypical error use in predicting which children are likely to receive diagnoses of SSD and later literacy difficulties.

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Preston, Jonathan L., Margaret Hull, and Mary Louise Edwards. "Preschool Speech Error Patterns Predict Articulation and Phonological Awareness Outcomes in Children With Histories of Speech Sound Disorders." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 22, no. 2 (May 2013): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0022).

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Purpose To determine if speech error patterns in preschoolers with speech sound disorders (SSDs) predict articulation and phonological awareness (PA) outcomes almost 4 years later. Method Twenty-five children with histories of preschool SSDs (and normal receptive language) were tested at an average age of 4;6 (years;months) and were followed up at age 8;3. The frequency of occurrence of preschool distortion errors, typical substitution and syllable structure errors, and atypical substitution and syllable structure errors was used to predict later speech sound production, PA, and literacy outcomes. Results Group averages revealed below-average school-age articulation scores and low-average PA but age-appropriate reading and spelling. Preschool speech error patterns were related to school-age outcomes. Children for whom >10% of their speech sound errors were atypical had lower PA and literacy scores at school age than children who produced <10% atypical errors. Preschoolers who produced more distortion errors were likely to have lower school-age articulation scores than preschoolers who produced fewer distortion errors. Conclusion Different preschool speech error patterns predict different school-age clinical outcomes. Many atypical speech sound errors in preschoolers may be indicative of weak phonological representations, leading to long-term PA weaknesses. Preschoolers' distortions may be resistant to change over time, leading to persisting speech sound production problems.

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Yu, Alan Chi Lun, and Carol Kit Sum To. "Atypical context-dependent speech processing in autism." Applied Psycholinguistics 41, no. 5 (August 11, 2020): 1045–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000387.

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AbstractThe ability to take contextual information into account is essential for successful speech processing. This study examines individuals with high-functioning autism and those without in terms of how they adjust their perceptual expectation while discriminating speech sounds in different phonological contexts. Listeners were asked to discriminate pairs of sibilant-vowel monosyllables. Typically, discriminability of sibilants increases when the sibilants are embedded in perceptually enhancing contexts (if the appropriate context-specific perceptual adjustment were performed) and decreases in perceptually diminishing contexts. This study found a reduction in the differences in perceptual response across enhancing and diminishing contexts among high-functioning autistic individuals relative to the neurotypical controls. The reduction in perceptual expectation adjustment is consistent with an increase in autonomy in low-level perceptual processing in autism and a reduction in the influence of top-down information from surrounding information.

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Redford, Melissa A., Vsevolod Kapatsinski, and Jolynn Cornell-Fabiano. "Lay Listener Classification and Evaluation of Typical and Atypical Children’s Speech." Language and Speech 61, no. 2 (July 28, 2017): 277–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830917717758.

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Verbal children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often also have atypical speech. In the context of the many challenges associated with ASD, do speech sound pattern differences really matter? The current study addressed this question. Structured spontaneous speech was elicited from 34 children: 17 with ASD, whose clinicians reported unusual speech prosody; and 17 typically-developing, age-matched controls. Multiword utterances were excerpted from each child’s speech sample and presented to young adult listeners, who had no clinical training or experience. In Experiment 1, listeners classified band pass filtered and unaltered excerpts as “typical” or “disordered”. Children with ASD were only distinguished from typical children based on unaltered speech, but the analyses indicated unique contributions from speech sound patterns. In Experiment 2, listeners provided likeability ratings on the filtered and unaltered excerpts. Again, lay listeners only distinguished children with ASD from their typically-developing peers based on unaltered speech, with typical children rated as more likeable than children with ASD. In Experiment 3, listeners evaluated the unaltered speech along several perceptual dimensions. High overlap between the dimensions of articulation, clearness, and fluency was captured by an emergent dimension: intelligibility. This dimension predicted listeners’ likeability ratings nearly as well as it predicted their judgments of disorder. Overall, the results show that lay listeners can distinguish atypical from typical children outside the social-interactional context based solely on speech, and that they attend to speech intelligibility to do this. Poor intelligibility also contributes to listeners’ negative social evaluation of children, and so merits assessment and remediation.

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Sinha, Preeti, Valiya Parambath Vandana, Nikita V. Lewis, Mannaralukrishnaiah Jayaram, and Pamela Enderby. "Predictors of Effect of Atypical Antipsychotics on Speech." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 37, no. 4 (October 2015): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.168586.

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Bonvillian, John D. "Of Speech and Sign: Language in Atypical Populations." Contemporary Psychology 47, no. 3 (June 2002): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/001147.

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Vicini, Claudio, Giuseppe Agus, Andrea De Vito, Aldo Campanini, and Chiara Marchi. "Atypical Forms and Differential Diagnosis." Audiological Medicine 3, no. 1 (January 2005): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16513860510029454.

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Huihong, Zhang, Wang Pan, Zhang Chunfeng, Wang Yan, Zhang Hui, Cai Li, and Zhou Yuying. "Olfactory and imaging features in atypical Alzheimer’s disease." Translational Neuroscience 9, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2018-0001.

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Abstract Objectives Cognition and speech disorders are the most common symptoms of dementia in neurodegenerative disease. Here, we present a detailed clinical evaluation of a case of logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lv-PPA), an atypical form of Alzheimer disease (AD), including cognitive testing over time, brain imaging, electrophysiology, and tests of olfactory function. Case report We present the case of a 58-year-old man suffering from progressive language difficulties who was finally diagnosed with lv-PPA. Clinical data included neuropsychological examinations, electrophysiology tests, neuroimaging, biomarkers, olfactory tests, and olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results and Discussion The patient suffered from language disorders, including stumbling speech and forgetting appropriate words and how to pronounce some words. This had started 2 years earlier, and he had begun to deteriorate in recent months. In addition to his speech disorder, scores on the Mini Mental State Examination and Montreal cognitive assessment indicated that his cognition was affected. Structural imaging revealed no obvious hippocampal atrophy (score of 1), and molecular imaging showed hypometabolism and amyloid deposits in the temporal parietal region. The patient also presented with olfactory impairment. Although his odour detection threshold was normal, his cognitive threshold for scent recognition was significantly increased. Olfactory fMRI showed that activation of the whole brain and primary olfactory cortex was rare. Conclusion This case provides evidence suggesting that lv-PPA is an atypical form of AD, with symptoms including speech disorders and impaired cognition. This patient with lv-PPA presented with olfactory impairment.

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Kent, Raymond D., Julie Eichhorn, Erin M. Wilson, Youmi Suk, Daniel M. Bolt, and Houri K. Vorperian. "Auditory-Perceptual Features of Speech in Children and Adults With Down Syndrome: A Speech Profile Analysis." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 1157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00617.

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Purpose The aim of this study was to determine how the speech disorder profiles in Down syndrome (DS) relate to reduced intelligibility, atypical overall quality, and impairments in the subsystems of speech production (phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody). Method Auditory-perceptual ratings of intelligibility, overall quality, and features associated with the subsystems of speech production were obtained from recordings of 79 children and adults with DS. Ratings were made for sustained vowels (62 of 79 speakers) and short sentences (79 speakers). The data were analyzed to determine the severity of the affected features in each speaking task and to detect patterns in the group data by means of principal components analysis. Results Reduced intelligibility was noted in 90% of the speakers, and atypical overall speech quality was noted in 100%. Affected speech features were distributed across the speech production subsystems. Principal components analysis revealed four components each for the vowel and sentence tasks, showing that individuals with DS are not homogeneous in the features of their speech disorder. Discussion The speech disorder in DS is complex in its perceptual features and reflects impairments across the subsystems of speech production, but the pattern is not uniform across individuals, indicating that attention must be given to individual variation in designing treatments.

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Liu, Linda, and T. Florian Jaeger. "Talker-specific pronunciation or speech error? Discounting (or not) atypical pronunciations during speech perception." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 45, no. 12 (December 2019): 1562–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000693.

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Jang, Soo Jung, Jeung-Yoon Choi, and Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel. "Analysis of acoustic cue production for atypical speech diagnosis." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148, no. 4 (October 2020): 2470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5146833.

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Munson, Benjamin, Jan Edwards, and Mary E. Beckman. "Phonological Knowledge in Typical and Atypical Speech–Sound Development." Topics in Language Disorders 25, no. 3 (July 2005): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00011363-200507000-00003.

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Ali, Sara, Erik Bayona, Davin Quinn, and Rodrigo Escalona. "“Narration,” an Atypical Catatonic Speech Symptom: A Case Report." Psychosomatics 61, no. 4 (July 2020): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2019.10.002.

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Luders, Eileen, Florian Kurth, Lauren Pigdon, Gina Conti-Ramsden, Sheena Reilly, and Angela T. Morgan. "Atypical Callosal Morphology in Children with Speech Sound Disorder." Neuroscience 367 (December 2017): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.039.

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Majerus, Steve, Martine Poncelet, Aurélie Bérault, Séraline Audrey, Pascal Zesiger, Willy Serniclaes, and Koviljka Barisnikov. "Evidence for atypical categorical speech perception in Williams syndrome." Journal of Neurolinguistics 24, no. 3 (May 2011): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2010.09.003.

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Frolova, O. V., S. V. Grechanyi, A. Kaliev, A. S. Grigorev, V. A. Gorodnyi, A. S. Nikolaev, and E. E. Lyakso. "Perceptual Features of Speech in Children with Atypical Development." Журнал эволюционной биохимии и физиологии 56, no. 7 (2020): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044452920071754.

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De Vos, Astrid, Sophie Vanvooren, Jolijn Vanderauwera, Pol Ghesquière, and Jan Wouters. "Atypical neural synchronization to speech envelope modulations in dyslexia." Brain and Language 164 (January 2017): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2016.10.002.

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Penttilä, Nelly, Anna-Maija Korpijaakko-Huuhka, and Ray D. Kent. "Auditory–Perceptual Assessment of Fluency in Typical and Neurologically Disordered Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 5 (May 17, 2018): 1086–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0326.

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Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate how speech fluency in typical and atypical speech is perceptually assessed by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Our research questions were as follows: (a) How do SLPs rate fluency in speakers with and without neurological communication disorders? (b) Do they differentiate the speaker groups? and (c) What features do they hear impairing speech fluency? Method Ten SLPs specialized in neurological communication disorders volunteered as expert judges to rate 90 narrative speech samples on a Visual Analogue Scale (see Kempster, Gerratt, Verdolini Abbott, Barkmeier-Kraemer, & Hillman, 2009; p. 127). The samples—randomly mixed—were from 70 neurologically healthy speakers (the control group) and 20 speakers with traumatic brain injury, 10 of whom had neurogenic stuttering (designated as Clinical Groups A and B). Results The fluency rates were higher for typical speakers than for speakers with traumatic brain injury; however, the agreement among the judges was higher for atypical fluency. Auditory–perceptual assessment of fluency was significantly impaired by the features of stuttering and something else but not by speech rate. Stuttering was also perceived in speakers not diagnosed as stutterers. A borderline between typical and atypical fluency was found. Conclusions Speech fluency is a multifaceted phenomenon, and on the basis of this study, we suggest a more general approach to fluency and its deviations that will take into account, in addition to the motor and linguistic aspects of fluency, the metalinguistic component of expression as well. The results of this study indicate a need for further studies on the precise nature of borderline fluency and its different disfluencies.

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Dodd, Barbara, Kyriaki Ttofari-Eecen, Katherine Brommeyer, Kelly Ng, Sheena Reilly, and Angela Morgan. "Delayed and disordered development of articulation and phonology between four and seven years." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 34, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265659017735958.

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Some children’s speech impairment resolves spontaneously. Others have persistent problems affecting academic and social development. Identifying early markers that reliably predict long-term outcome would allow better prioritization for preschool intervention. This article evaluates the significance of different types of speech errors, made by 93 four-year-olds in a longitudinal population cohort study, for performance at seven years. At four years, the non-age appropriate speech errors made on standardized assessments were categorized as: phonologically delayed (error patterns typical of younger children); or, some errors atypical of normal development, including consistent errors (e.g. word initial consonant deletion), inconsistent pronunciations of the same word, or lateral distortion of /s, z/). Delayed children, some with occasional interdental /s, z/ articulation errors, were more likely to resolve (67%) than those making atypical errors (35%) by seven years. Qualitative analyses indicated that children making few atypical errors were more likely to resolve, irrespective of total number of errors or whether they received intervention. The findings’ theoretical implications relate to deficits underlying phonological disorders. Clinical implications concern assessment measures and prioritization for intervention.

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Ali, Shahnila, and Taarif Hussain. "Atypical presentation of streptococcus salivarius meningitis." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 9 (August 26, 2017): 4164. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173724.

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Patient with past medical history significant for multiple co morbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (on Coumadin but sub-therapeutic INR on presentation), chronic systolic congestive cardiac failure/cardiomyopathy, aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve regurgitation presented with slurred speech. Due to concern for stroke, patient received initial CT scan head which was negative and admitted for further work up including MRI. Patient was also observed to be having shortness of breath and mild hypoxia in ED. Patient also had leukocytosis on complete blood count. Initial arterial blood gases results were within normal limits. CXR showed right lower lobe infiltrates suggestive of pneumonia. Infectious work up including blood cultures were also ordered. On clinical examination, no neck rigidity or any focal weakness. No facial droop either. No neurological abnormality other than slurred speech. In addition, patient was initiated on empirical coverage for possible pneumonia with consideration of aspiration event considering a sequela of stroke. Next morning, patient was able to speak clearly and stated that he did have headache few days before presentation. LP was ordered and patient found to have meningitis. Blood cultures grew Streptococcus salivarius. Patient received ceftriaxone and discharged without any complications in stable condition.

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Rymarczyk, Krystyna. "MÓZGOWE PODŁOŻE ROZWOJU MOWY W AUTYZMIE." Poradnik Językowy, no. 6/2021/785 (June 15, 2021): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2021.6.3.

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Although in a majority of cases, autistic children face difficulties communicating verbally, the valid diagnostic classifi cations do not identify them as the main symptoms of the disorder. The adoption of such a position has been supported by results of (mainly behavioural) research, which imply that language and speech development in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is extremely variable and individually diversifi ed and the observed delay of its development is not unique to autism. On the other hand, the research conducted by means of neuroimaging methods shows that an atypical structure and activity of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, which are important for language processes, exist in the ASD. A weak structural and functional connectivity in the arcuate fasciculus, which connects these structures, has also been discovered. It is assumed that the changes arise from neurodevelopmental irregularities occurring at an early stage of foetal life and their causes are probably genetic. This study characterises speech development disorders and atypical brain development in autism referring to results of both behavioural and neuroimaging research.

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Lyakso, Elena, Olga Frolova, Aleksey Grigorev, Viktor Gorodnyi, and Aleksandr Nikolaev. "Strategies of Speech Interaction between Adults and Preschool Children with Typical and Atypical Development." Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9120159.

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The goal of this research is to study the speech strategies of adults’ interactions with 4–7-year-old children. The participants are “mother–child” dyads with typically developing (TD, n = 40) children, children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs, n = 20), Down syndrome (DS, n = 10), and “experimenter–orphan” pairs (n = 20). Spectrographic, linguistic, phonetic, and perceptual analyses (n = 465 listeners) of children’s speech and mothers’ speech (MS) are executed. The analysis of audio records by listeners (n = 10) and the elements of nonverbal behavior on the basis of video records by experts (n = 5) are made. Differences in the speech behavior strategies of mothers during interactions with TD children, children with ASD, and children with DS are revealed. The different strategies of “mother–child” interactions depending on the severity of the child’s developmental disorders and the child’s age are described. The same features of MS addressed to TD children with low levels of speech formation are used in MS directed to children with atypical development. The acoustic features of MS correlated with a high level of TD child speech development do not lead to a similar correlation in dyads with ASD and DS children. The perceptual and phonetic features of the speech of children of all groups are described.

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Lagerberg, Tove B., Jenny Lam, Rikard Olsson, Åsa Abelin, and Sofia Strömbergsson. "Intelligibility of Children With Speech Sound Disorders Evaluated by Listeners With Swedish as a Second Language." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 10 (October 25, 2019): 3714–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-18-0492.

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the intelligibility of children's atypical speech in relation to listeners' language background. Method Forty-eight participants listened to and transcribed isolated words repeated by children with speech sound disorders. Participants were divided into, on the one hand, a multilingual group ( n = 29) that was further divided into subgroups based on age of acquisition (early, 0–3 years; intermediate, 4–12 years; and late, > 12 years) and, on the other hand, a monolingual comparison group ( n = 19). Results The monolingual listeners obtained higher intelligibility scores than the multilingual listeners; this difference was statistically significant. Participants who acquired Swedish at an older age (> 4 years) were found to have lower scores than other listeners. The later the age of acquisition, the less of the atypical speech was decoded correctly. A further analysis of the transcriptions also revealed a higher level of nonwords among the incorrect transcriptions of the multilinguals than that of the monolinguals who used more real words, whereas both groups were equally prone to using blanks when they did not perceive a word. Conclusions This indicates a higher risk of communicative problems between late acquirers of Swedish and children with speech sound disorders. Clinical implications, such as involving communication partners in the intervention process, are discussed as well as possible linguistic explanations to the findings. This study could be seen as a starting point in the field of research regarding the relations between the language background of the listener and the ability to perceive atypical speech.

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Girbau, Dolors. "A Neurocognitive Approach to the Study of Private Speech." Spanish Journal of Psychology 10, no. 1 (May 2007): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600006302.

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The paper presents the current state of the art of research identifying the neurophysiological and neuroanatomical substrates of private speech, both in typical and clinical (or atypical) populations. First, it briefly describes the evolution of private speech research, which goes from classic traditions as the naturalistic and referential paradigms to the neurocognitive approach. An overview of the neurophysiological (e.g., event-related potentials or ERPs) and neuroimaging techniques (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging or fMRI) is also presented. The next three sections review empirical works about the neurocognitive basis of private speech, across three groups of techniques: ERPs; fMRI/MRI; and other neuroimaging techniques (positron emission tomography [PET], magnetoencephalogram [MEG], and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation [rTMS]). Such neurocognitive research analyzes the neural activity of individuals during a variety of task settings, including spontaneous and instructed overt and inner private speech use, subvocal verbalizations, and silent and overt reading. The fifth section focuses on electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies of private speech in atypical populations, for example: schizophrenia, pure alexia, hearing impairment, blindness, social phobia, alexithymia, Parkinson, and multiple sclerosis. The neurocognitive study of the various forms of private speech appears to be very promising in the understanding of these pathologies. Lastly, the advances and new challenges in the field are discussed.

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Hustad, Katherine C., Ashley Sakash, Aimee Teo Broman, and Paul J. Rathouz. "Differentiating Typical From Atypical Speech Production in 5-Year-Old Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Analysis." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 28, no. 2S (July 15, 2019): 807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-msc18-18-0108.

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Objective Early diagnosis of speech disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is of critical importance. A key problem is differentiating those with borderline or mild speech motor deficits from those who are within an age-appropriate range of variability. We sought to quantify how well functional speech measures differentiated typically developing (TD) children from children with CP. Method We studied speech production in 45 children with CP (26 with clinical speech motor impairment [SMI] and 19 with no evidence of speech motor impairment [NSMI]) and in 29 TD children of the same age. Speech elicitation tasks were used. Intelligibility, speech rate, and intelligible words per minute were examined. Results All measures differentiated between all 3 groups of children with considerable precision based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) data. AUC was highest for overall intelligibility, which ranged from .88 to .99. Intelligible words per minute also yielded very strong AUCs, ranging from .81 to .99. In each of the receiver operating characteristic models, discrimination between groups was highest for children with speech motor impairment versus TD children. Data indicated that 90% of TD children had overall intelligibility above 87% at 5 years of age, but that no child was 100% intelligible. Furthermore, 90% children with SMI had intelligibility below 72%. Conclusion Findings suggest that functional speech measures differentiate very clearly between children with and without CP and that even children who do not show evidence of speech motor impairment have functional differences in their speech production ability relative to TD peers.

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Guiraud, Jeanne A., Przemyslaw Tomalski, Elena Kushnerenko, Helena Ribeiro, Kim Davies, Tony Charman, Mayada Elsabbagh, and Mark H. Johnson. "Atypical Audiovisual Speech Integration in Infants at Risk for Autism." PLoS ONE 7, no. 5 (May 15, 2012): e36428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036428.

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Miller, J. W., C. B. Dodrill, D. E. Born, and G. A. Ojemann. "Atypical speech is rare in individuals with normal developmental histories." Neurology 60, no. 6 (March 25, 2003): 1042–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000052692.14990.78.

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Obata, Reiichiro, and Kristina Ernst. "Aphasia and confusion – influenza encephalopathy: atypical presentation of influenza." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 10 (October 2020): e235559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-235559.

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Influenza encephalopathy, a rare manifestation of influenza infection in the adult population which is not widely recognised, can present with confusion and focal neurological symptoms, including aphasia. The aim of this report is to illustrate the unique presentation of influenza encephalopathy and discuss the need for close attention to and monitoring of this rare but highly fatal disease.A 28-year-old woman was admitted with acute-onset confusion and incoherent speech. CT of the head was unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevation of protein, but was otherwise unremarkable. A detailed history revealed recent upper respiratory symptoms which prompted a rapid influenza test which was positive and oseltamivir was started. The patient’s confusion and aphasia gradually improved and her speech was back to her baseline by the next day.

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Corallo, Francesco, Carmela Rifici, and Viviana Lo Buono. "Rehabilitation in atypical neurological disease: a case report." Journal of International Medical Research 50, no. 6 (June 2022): 030006052211020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605221102083.

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The rehabilitative management of neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) is complex; drug treatment alone is generally insufficient. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs can fundamentally contribute to the management of neurological patients and have important positive repercussions on their quality of life. We describe the unusual case of a 70-year-old man with a diagnosis of both MS and PD, who presented with motor and cognitive impairments. He was admitted to our institute for a rehabilitation program. Motor, cognitive, and linguistic abilities were evaluated at admission and 60 days after the multidisciplinary rehabilitation, which included motor exercises, speech therapy, and cognitive interventions. The multidisciplinary rehabilitation improved the patient’s functional status and exerted positive effects on his mood, autonomy in activities of daily life, perception of quality of life, cognitive performance, and speech skills. It is important to find new methods for treating neurological patients to better manage the social and economic implications of neurological disease, and to ensure a long course of treatment and rehabilitation.

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Plexico, Laura W., Julie E. Cleary, Ashlynn McAlpine, and Allison M. Plumb. "Disfluency Characteristics Observed in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Report." Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders 20, no. 2 (August 2010): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ffd20.2.42.

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This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).

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Yamada, Yasunori, Kaoru Shinkawa, and Keita Shimmei. "Atypical Repetition in Daily Conversation on Different Days for Detecting Alzheimer Disease: Evaluation of Phone-Call Data From Regular Monitoring Service." JMIR Mental Health 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2020): e16790. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16790.

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Background Identifying signs of Alzheimer disease (AD) through longitudinal and passive monitoring techniques has become increasingly important. Previous studies have succeeded in quantifying language dysfunctions and identifying AD from speech data collected during neuropsychological tests. However, whether and how we can quantify language dysfunction in daily conversation remains unexplored. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the linguistic features that can be used for differentiating AD patients from daily conversations. Methods We analyzed daily conversational data of seniors with and without AD obtained from longitudinal follow-up in a regular monitoring service (from n=15 individuals including 2 AD patients at an average follow-up period of 16.1 months; 1032 conversational data items obtained during phone calls and approximately 221 person-hours). In addition to the standard linguistic features used in previous studies on connected speech data during neuropsychological tests, we extracted novel features related to atypical repetition of words and topics reported by previous observational and descriptive studies as one of the prominent characteristics in everyday conversations of AD patients. Results When we compared the discriminative power for AD, we found that atypical repetition in two conversations on different days outperformed other linguistic features used in previous studies on speech data during neuropsychological tests. It was also a better indicator than atypical repetition in single conversations as well as that in two conversations separated by a specific number of conversations. Conclusions Our results show how linguistic features related to atypical repetition across days could be used for detecting AD from daily conversations in a passive manner by taking advantage of longitudinal data.

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Bernhardt, Barbara, and Martin J. Ball. "Characteristics of Atypical Speech currently not included in the Extensions to the IPA." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23, no. 1 (June 1993): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300004771.

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The Extensions to the IPA for the transcription of disordered speech and voice quality (extIPA) were approved at the 1989 IPA Congress in Kiel (see Duckworth et al. 1990, Ball 1991). A transcription system for disordered speech needs to provide sufficient diversity of symbols and diacritics to account for the majority of observed phonetic variants. Creation of standard new symbols and diacritics for every observed variant is ultimately counterproductive. We submit that the following phenomena have been observed frequently enough and have sufficient diagnostic and therapeutic implications to warrant consideration as new extensions to the IPA. We do not imply, however, that these are the only atypical speech production phenomena that may, in the long run, be worthy of inclusion in a revised extIPA, and we look forward to further suggestions from clinicians and phoneticians.

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Dahlgren, SvenOlof, Annika D. Sandberg, Sofia Strömbergsson, Lena Wenhov, Maria Råstam, and Ulrika Nettelbladt. "Prosodic traits in speech produced by children with autism spectrum disorders – Perceptual and acoustic measurements." Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 3 (January 2018): 239694151876452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396941518764527.

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Background Autism spectrum disorder has been associated with atypical voice characteristics and prosody. In the scientific literature, four different aspects of atypical speech production in autism spectrum disorder have been highlighted; voice quality together with the prosodic aspects pitch, duration and intensity. Studies of prosody in autism spectrum disorder have almost exclusively used perceptual methods. Recently, some studies have used acoustic analyses. In these studies, it has been pointed out that the acoustic differences found are not necessarily perceived as atypical by listeners, which is why it is important to let listeners evaluate perceptual correlates to acoustic findings. The aims of this study were to use both perceptual and acoustic analyses to study prosodic production in children with autism spectrum disorder and to examine if voice and speech characteristics could be used as clinical markers for autism spectrum disorder. Method Eleven children within normal range of intelligence diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and 11 children with typical development participated. Every child was recorded telling a story elicited with the expression, reception and recall of narrative instrument. Excerpts of one minute were extracted from the audio files creating the material underlying the perceptual ratings and in the acoustic analysis. An evaluation procedure, partly based on a standardized voice evaluation procedure developed for clinical practice in Sweden, was designed for the perceptual judgments and analysis. To capture critical prosodic variables, aspects of prosody based on characteristic features of Swedish prosody, prosodic features known to cause Swedish children with language impairment particular problems and current research of prosodic impairments in children with autism, were used as rating variables. The acoustic analysis was based on the four variables fundamental frequency ( fo) average, fo range, fo variation and speech rate, together with the language production-related variable number of words per utterance. Results In the acoustic analysis, no differences were found with regards to fo-related variables or speech rate. However, the children in the autism spectrum disorder-group produced significantly more words per utterance than the typically developing children. The perceptual analysis showed no differences between the groups. Only three children with autism spectrum disorder were correctly identified as such. The narrative ability of these children, according to scores on the narrative assessment profile, was poorer than that of the other eight children. They were also more atypical in fluency and in speech rate. Given the small sample, the results should be interpreted with caution. Conclusions and implications The only difference in prosodic production discovered in the acoustic analysis, namely that children with autism spectrum disorder used more words per utterance than the children in the comparison group, was not detected in the perceptual assessment. This implies that it was not perceived as atypical by expert listeners. The results indicate difficulties in using voice and speech characteristics as markers of autism spectrum disorder in clinical settings. The correct identification of some of the children as having autism spectrum disorder or not also indicates that some children with autism spectrum disorder have a prosodic production sufficiently ‘atypical’ in combination with a limited ability to tell stories to be perceived.

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Pappalardo, Giuseppe. "Sociolinguistic Factors Affecting Vowel Devoicing in Spontaneous Japanese: A Preliminary Corpus-based Analysis." Annali Sezione Orientale 78, no. 1-2 (April 18, 2018): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685631-12340048.

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Abstract Maekawa and Kikuchi (2005) used the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ) to analyse the frequency of vowel devoicing in different phonological environments. According to their analysis, the devoicing rate is highest when a fricative is followed by a stop and lowest when an affricate is followed by a fricative. Moreover, the results of their study suggest that devoicing also occurs in atypical environments, as in non-close vowels and in contexts where a vowel is followed by a voiced consonant. However, the frequency of devoicing is conditioned not only by phonological factors but, at a certain extent, also by extra-linguistic and sociological factors such as age, gender and speech style. This paper aims to analyse the sociolinguistic variation of vowel devoicing in spontaneous Japanese using the CSJ-Core consisting of about 45 hours of speech, all of which have been (sub-)phonemically segmented. Age, gender and speech style variation has been analysed for different phonological environments. Particular attention will be given to atypical environments which showed a higher rate of variability.

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Chang, Edward F., Jonathan D. Breshears, Kunal P. Raygor, Darryl Lau, Annette M. Molinaro, and Mitchel S. Berger. "Stereotactic probability and variability of speech arrest and anomia sites during stimulation mapping of the language dominant hemisphere." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 1 (January 2017): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.10.jns151087.

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OBJECTIVE Functional mapping using direct cortical stimulation is the gold standard for the prevention of postoperative morbidity during resective surgery in dominant-hemisphere perisylvian regions. Its role is necessitated by the significant interindividual variability that has been observed for essential language sites. The aim in this study was to determine the statistical probability distribution of eliciting aphasic errors for any given stereotactically based cortical position in a patient cohort and to quantify the variability at each cortical site. METHODS Patients undergoing awake craniotomy for dominant-hemisphere primary brain tumor resection between 1999 and 2014 at the authors' institution were included in this study, which included counting and picture-naming tasks during dense speech mapping via cortical stimulation. Positive and negative stimulation sites were collected using an intraoperative frameless stereotactic neuronavigation system and were converted to Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates. Data were iteratively resampled to create mean and standard deviation probability maps for speech arrest and anomia. Patients were divided into groups with a “classic” or an “atypical” location of speech function, based on the resultant probability maps. Patient and clinical factors were then assessed for their association with an atypical location of speech sites by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Across 102 patients undergoing speech mapping, the overall probabilities of speech arrest and anomia were 0.51 and 0.33, respectively. Speech arrest was most likely to occur with stimulation of the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (maximum probability from individual bin = 0.025), and variance was highest in the dorsal premotor cortex and the posterior superior temporal gyrus. In contrast, stimulation within the posterior perisylvian cortex resulted in the maximum mean probability of anomia (maximum probability = 0.012), with large variance in the regions surrounding the posterior superior temporal gyrus, including the posterior middle temporal, angular, and supramarginal gyri. Patients with atypical speech localization were far more likely to have tumors in canonical Broca's or Wernicke's areas (OR 7.21, 95% CI 1.67–31.09, p < 0.01) or to have multilobar tumors (OR 12.58, 95% CI 2.22–71.42, p < 0.01), than were patients with classic speech localization. CONCLUSIONS This study provides statistical probability distribution maps for aphasic errors during cortical stimulation mapping in a patient cohort. Thus, the authors provide an expected probability of inducing speech arrest and anomia from specific 10-mm2 cortical bins in an individual patient. In addition, they highlight key regions of interindividual mapping variability that should be considered preoperatively. They believe these results will aid surgeons in their preoperative planning of eloquent cortex resection.

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Enbe, Claudia Ruth. "The Prosody of Typical and Atypical Speech of Buenos Aires Spanish." Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing 12, no. 2 (June 2009): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136132809805335355.

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Saltzman-Benaiah, Jennifer, Katreena Scott, and Mary Lou Smith. "Factors associated with atypical speech representation in children with intractable epilepsy." Neuropsychologia 41, no. 14 (January 2003): 1967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00323-8.

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Destoky, Florian, Julie Bertels, Maxime Niesen, Vincent Wens, Marc Vander Ghinst, Antonin Rovai, Nicola Trotta, Marie Lallier, Xavier De Tiège, and Mathieu Bourguignon. "The role of reading experience in atypical cortical tracking of speech and speech-in-noise in dyslexia." NeuroImage 253 (June 2022): 119061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119061.

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Gallée, Jeanne, and Anna Volkmer. "A Window Into Functional Communication: Leveraging Naturalistic Speech Samples in Primary Progressive Aphasia." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 6, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_persp-21-00021.

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Purpose Naturalistic speech samples should be routinely collected in the assessment of individuals with communication difficulties. However, even when these samples are collected, they are often underutilized. We propose that the analysis of naturalistic speech samples can greatly enhance our understanding and evaluation of the functional impact of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) on communication. First, we review the current practices of evaluating PPA. Second, we provide a framework to optimize the collection, analysis, and interpretation of speech samples to accomplish this goal. In particular, we demonstrate how speech samples can be evaluated for measures of informativeness, the presence of atypical patterns of speech, articulatory rate, and pausing, all of which are helpful metrics in characterizing disordered speech. These factors can be leveraged to identify both the strengths and difficulties an individual may face in everyday communication. Conclusion The collection of naturalistic speech in both clinical and naturalistic settings with typical communication partners is highly recommended to best diagnose, monitor, and inform treatment plans for individuals with PPA.

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Spronck, Stef, and Tatiana Nikitina. "Reported speech forms a dedicated syntactic domain." Linguistic Typology 23, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 119–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2019-0005.

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AbstractIn many languages, expressions of the type ‘x said: “p”’, ‘x said thatp’ or ‘allegedly,p’ share properties with common syntactic types such as constructions with subordination, paratactic constructions, and constructions with sentence-level adverbs. On closer examination, however, they often turn out to be atypical members of these syntactic classes. In this paper we argue that a more coherent picture emerges if we analyse these expressions as a dedicated syntactic domain in itself, which we refer to as ‘reported speech’. Based on typological observations we argue for the idiosyncrasy of reported speech as a syntactic class. The article concludes with a proposal for a cross-linguistic characterisation that aims at capturing this broadly conceived domain of reported speech with a single semantic definition.

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Fatimah, Roudhoh Nur, and Alfi Syahriyani. "PORTRAYAL OF AUTISM IN ATYPICAL FILM: PRAGMATIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT ANALYSIS." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 17, no. 1 (July 27, 2022): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v17i1.15673.

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This study investigates the portrayal of the autistic character in Atypical film seasons one and two through verbal and non-verbal pragmatic language impairment analysis. The qualitative method and the theory of mind by Attwood and Stemmer Whitaker were employed in the research. This study found that the autistic character in Atypical film made 320 language impairments, including verbal and non-verbal languages. For verbal language impairment, literal interpretations and violation of maxims were frequently found, where the repetitions often occurred. Other quite significant language impairments were monologue, odd prosody, and echolalia. Besides, the idiosyncratic speech was rarely used by the character. For non-verbal pragmatic language impairment, the character mainly utilized clumsy or gauche body language, followed by limited use of gesture and facial expressions, inappropriate facial expressions, and peculiar or stiff gazes. These findings proved that the character of the series was represented as the ASD sufferer with the Asperger syndrome spectrum. Language impairment greatly affected the development of thoughts and how the character adjusted tone and intonation of speech. It was challenging to control verbal language well, so non-verbal communication was often disrupted.

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Cuadrado, Elizabeth M., and Christine M. Weber-Fox. "Atypical Syntactic Processing in Individuals Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 4 (August 2003): 960–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/075).

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Syntactic processing was explored in individuals who stutter (IWS). Grammatic-ality judgments and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were obtained while participants read sentences, half containing verb-agreement violations. Gram-maticality judgments for an offline verb-agreement task did not differ between IWS and normal speakers (NS). However, judgment accuracy of IWS for the online task was lower than that of NS, particularly for verb-agreement violations that occurred in longer and more syntactically complex sentences. Further, while NS exhibited a classic P600 ERP response to verb-agreement violations, the P600s of IWS were reduced in amplitude and distribution. The behavioral and ERP results are consistent with the hypothesis that underlying mechanisms mediating language processing, including those related to postlexical syntactic reanalysis, may operate atypically in IWS even in the absence of speech production demands.

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Verma, Rajesh, and Chetan Kumar. "Wernicke’s Encephalopathy: Typical Disease with an Atypical Clinicoradiological Manifestation." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 11, no. 03 (June 12, 2020): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713334.

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AbstractWernicke’s encephalopathy is an acute neurological disorder caused due to thiamine deficiency. It is characterized by a triad of confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Wernicke’s encephalopathy can present with atypical clinical manifestations, particularly in setting of nonalcoholic background. Our patient manifested with clinical complaints of acute drowsiness, speech difficulty, and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed T2 hyperintensity in bilateral medial thalami, globus pallidus, periaqueductal gray matter, dorsal pons, and dorsal medulla. The diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy was entertained and he well responded to parental thiamine therapy. The clinician should be aware about atypical presentation of Wernicke’s encephalopathy.

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Hancock, Adrienne B., and Sara F. Pool. "Influence of Listener Characteristics on Perceptions of Sex and Gender." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 36, no. 5 (April 12, 2017): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x17704460.

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Inclusion of sex-atypical voices in speech perception protocols can reveal variations in listener perception and is particularly applicable in developing guidelines for transgender speech treatment. Ninety-three listeners, divided into four groups based on sex and sexual orientation, provided auditory-perceptual measures of sex and gender display for 21 cisgender men, 21 cisgender women, and 22 transgender women. There was no significant evidence that those listener characteristics were influential, except transgender women were perceived as significantly more feminine by nonstraight compared with straight listeners.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Atypical speech'

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