Relevant bibliographies by topics / Attributions

Academic literature on the topic 'Attributions'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Attributions"

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Ma, Weijun, Rui Feng, Yating Zhang, Kyoko Yamashita, Jue Miao, and Yuyin Du. "Enterprise–consumer intergroup attributional bias." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 50, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.11924.

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We examined whether customers' attribution of positive and negative events was influenced by intergroup attributional bias toward enterprises and consumers. The participants ( s = 180 in Study 1 and 54 in Study 2) read fictional case studies of positive and negative events occurring in relation to enterprises and consumers and then provided details of their attributions. The results supported the existence of both derogatory attributions toward enterprises and favorable attributions toward consumers. Thus, an intergroup attributional bias was generally observed. Furthermore, stereotypes about enterprises influenced the formation of derogatory attributions toward enterprises. A more significantly negative enterprise stereotype was associated with an increased likelihood of showing a derogatory attribution toward enterprises. Whether the event was positive or negative, participants' perception was more inclined toward assigning egoistic motivational attributions to enterprises rather than to consumers. This study provides a new, integrative perspective to understand consumer attributions in relation to enterprise events.
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Neumann, Roland. "The Causal Influences of Attributions on Emotions: A Procedural Priming Approach." Psychological Science 11, no. 3 (May 2000): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00238.

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According to attributional theories of emotion, feelings of guilt presuppose that the causes of a negative event are located within the individual (internal attribution), whereas feelings of anger presuppose that the causes of the eliciting event are located outside the individual (external attribution). This study tested whether these attributions in fact exert the claimed causal influence on emotional experiences. The study employed a procedural priming technique in which neutral events were repeatedly attributed either to oneself (internal attribution) or to another person (external attribution). Subsequently, participants were exposed to a negative event that was ambiguous as to its causes. The results reveal that the prior repeated use of internal attributions enhanced the tendency to experience guilt, whereas the repeated use of external attributions enhanced the tendency to experience anger. These findings support the assumption that attributions exert a causal influence on emotions.
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Low, Kathryn Graff, Carl E. Thoresen, Jerry R. Pattillo, and Nancy Fleischmann. "Causal Attributions and Coronary Heart Disease in Women." Psychological Reports 73, no. 2 (October 1993): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.2.627.

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The relationship between coronary heart-disease endpoints and attributional style in women has been previously unexamined. This study examined the attributions of 73 postmyocardial infarction (MI) women about their heart disease and explored the relationship between attributions and nonfatal coronary recurrence Women's primary causal attributions included personal behavior (9.6%), blaming others (19.3%), stress (28.8%), luck (12.3%), and family history (13.7%). The largest proportion of recurrences occurred in women attributing their infarcts to marital problems. Of the attributional ratings, ascriptions involving spouses were the only attributions that met entry criteria for logistic regression ( p = .019) after controlling for severity of first infarction.
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Eichensehr, Kristen E. "Decentralized Cyberattack Attribution." AJIL Unbound 113 (2019): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2019.33.

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Attribution of state-sponsored cyberattacks can be difficult, but the significant uptick in attributions in recent years shows that attribution is far from impossible. After several years of only sporadic attributions, Western governments in 2017 began attributing cyberattacks to other governments more frequently and in a more coordinated fashion. But nongovernment actors have more consistently attributed harmful cyber activity to state actors. Although not without risks, these nongovernmental attributions play an important role in the cybersecurity ecosystem. They are often faster and more detailed than governmental attributions, and they fill gaps where governments choose not to attribute. Companies and think tanks have recently proposed centralizing attribution of state-sponsored cyberattacks in a new international entity. Such an institution would require significant start-up time and resources to establish efficacy and credibility. In the meantime, the current system of public-private attributions, decentralized and messy though it is, has some underappreciated virtues—ones that counsel in favor of preserving some multiplicity of attributors even alongside any future attribution entity.
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Bell, Brad E. "DISTINGUISHING ATTRIBUTIONS OF CAUSALITY, MORAL RESPONSIBILITY, AND BLAME: PERCEIVERS' EVALUATIONS OF THE ATTRIBUTIONS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 17, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1989.17.2.231.

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The present study investigated perceivers' evaluations of attributions of causality, moral responsibility, and blame. Subjects read two scenarios with either mild or severe consequences, and then rated the perpetrators on either causality, moral responsibility, or blame. Subjects subsequently rated the attributions on several evaluative dimensions. Attributions of moral responsibility were generally judged by perceivers to be more complex than attributions of causality and blame, suggesting that the process of attributing of blame may not involve the subprocess of evaluating moral responsibility. Excuses were not consistently judged to be more important for any particular type of attribution.
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MacLEOD, A. K., C. HAYNES, and T. SENSKY. "Attributions about common bodily sensations: their associations with hypochondriasis and anxiety." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291797005849.

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Background. Causal attributions about bodily sensations may determine help-seeking and influence patients' demands for medical treatment. The present study aimed to differentiate the causal attributions associated with health-related and non-health-related anxiety.Methods. Anxious hypochondriacal, generally anxious, and non-anxious general practice attenders were compared on their propensity to give somatic, psychological or normalizing attributions for common bodily sensations, measured by number of each type of attribution in a given time period and the frequency of first response of each type.Results. The groups differed in all three types of attributions. Giving more psychological and fewer normalizing attributions was related to general anxiety whereas giving more somatic attributions was related specifically to hypochondriasis.Conclusions. Anxiety and hypochondriasis can be distinguished in terms of their associated patterns of attributions for bodily sensations, reinforcing the importance of attributional processes and interventions which use reattributional training.
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Flett, Gordon L., Kirk R. Blankstein, and Sandi Kleinfeldt. "DEPRESSION AND CAUSAL ATTRIBUTIONS FOR UNEXPECTED STRESSFUL EVENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1991.19.1.53.

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Although there is general evidence of an association between attribution and depression, research examining causal attributions for life events has provided little consistent evidence for the attributional model of depression. The present study tested whether the controllability and expectedness of the event moderate the association between attribution dimensions and depression. A sample of 242 students completed measures of depression and rated a recent stressful life event in terms of its perceived causality (i.e., locus, stability, and globality) as well as its controllability and expectedness. Correlational analyses confirmed past indications that there is little association between depression and causal attributions. However, there were significant correlations between depression and globality. Subsequent regression analyses found that the perceived controllability of the event did not moderate the association between attribution and depression. In contrast, regression analyses involving the expectedness variable showed that the locus attribution dimension interacted with expectedness to predict depression. An internal attribution for an unexpected event was associated with increased depression. Overall, the findings suggest that the attribution model may be applicable to attributions for unexpected life problems. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of examining aspects of actual life events that may moderate the association between attributions and depression.
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Robbins, James M., and Laurence J. Kirmayer. "Attributions of common somatic symptoms." Psychological Medicine 21, no. 4 (November 1991): 1029–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700030026.

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SYNOPSISThree studies explored the causal attributions of common somatic symptoms. The first two studies established the reliability and validity of a measure of attributional style, the Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire (SIQ). Three dimensions of causal attribution were confirmed: psychological, somatic and normalizing. The third study examined the antecedents and consequences of attributional style in a sample of family medicine patients. Medical and psychiatric history differentially influenced attributional style. Past history and attributional style independently influenced clinical presentations over the subsequent 6 months. Symptom attributional style may contribute to the somatization and psychologization of distress in primary care.
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Okolo, Cynthia M. "The Effects of Computer-Based Attribution Retraining on the Attributions, Persistence, and Mathematics Computation of Students with Learning Disabilities." Journal of Learning Disabilities 25, no. 5 (May 1992): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002221949202500507.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of attribution retraining, embedded within a mathematics computer-assisted instructional (CAI) program, on students' attributions, persistence, and mathematics computation. Twenty-nine school-identified students with learning disabilities from five urban schools participated in the study. The sample's mean age was 13.3 years. After blocking on initial attributional patterns, students were randomly assigned to a mathematics CAI program that provided either attribution retraining or neutral feedback. Students used their assigned program for eight 30-minute sessions. Results did not support the contention that attribution retraining would have a significant impact on students' attributions. However, students who participated in the attribution retraining condition completed significantly more levels of the program than their counterparts who received neutral feedback. Attribution retraining students also obtained significantly higher scores on a test of problems practiced during the CAI program. These results suggest that attribution retraining may be a desirable addition to the type of feedback typically provided by CAI programs. However, they also highlight the need for further research that examines the conditions under which specific attributions are most advantageous.
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Barnby, J. M., Q. Deeley, O. Robinson, N. Raihani, V. Bell, and M. A. Mehta. "Paranoia, sensitization and social inference: findings from two large-scale, multi-round behavioural experiments." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 3 (March 2020): 191525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191525.

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The sensitization model suggests that paranoia is explained by over-sensitivity to social threat. However, this has been difficult to test experimentally. We report two preregistered social interaction studies that tested (i) whether paranoia predicted overall attribution and peak attribution of harmful intent and (ii) whether anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity and worry predicted the attribution of harmful intent. In Study 1, we recruited a large general population sample ( N = 987) who serially interacted with other participants in multi-round dictator games and matched to fair, partially fair or unfair partners. Participants rated attributions of harmful intent and self-interest after each interaction. In Study 2 ( N = 1011), a new sample of participants completed the same procedure and additionally completed measures of anxiety, worry and interpersonal sensitivity. As predicted, prior paranoid ideation was associated with higher and faster overall harmful intent attributions, whereas attributions of self-interest were unaffected, supporting the sensitization model. Contrary to predictions, neither worry, interpersonal sensitivity nor anxiety was associated with harmful intent attributions. In a third exploratory internal meta-analysis, we combined datasets to examine the effect of paranoia on trial-by-trial attributional changes when playing fair and unfair dictators. Paranoia was associated with a greater reduction in harmful intent attributions when playing a fair but not unfair dictator, suggesting that paranoia may also exaggerate the volatility of beliefs about the harmful intent of others.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attributions"

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Le, Foll David. "Attributions causales et persistance : de l'influence des attributions-état et des attributions-trait à l'évaluation des effets d'un programme d'entraînement attribution." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20037.

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Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de mesurer l'influence des attributions causales sur une forme d'état motivé : la persistance à court terme en situation d'échec lors d'une tâche de putting. Le second était d'évaluer les effets d'un programme d'entraînement attributionnel sur diverses variables psychologiques et comportementales. Les résultats des trois premières études montrent que - les attributions-état n'ont pas d'influence sur la persistance (étude 1), - les attentes futures de réussite comme les émotions n'interviennent que partiellement dans la relation attributions-persistance (étude 2), - et le style attributionnel influencent cette même persistance (étude 3). Enfin, les résultats de l'étude 4 montrent que les feedback délivrés aux individus influencent leur comportement, et que les effets du programme sont durables et généralisables à d'autres situations. Ceci ouvre des perspectives concernant la mise en place de programmes de formation destinés aux entraîneurs
The first purpose of this thesis was to measure the influence of causal attributions on a form of motivated behavior: short-term persistence in a putting task during perceived failure. The second was to evaluate the effects of an attributional training program on varied psychological and behavioral variables. The findings of the first three studies show that - state-attributions do not influence individuals short-term persistence (study 1), - expectations, like emotions, intervene just partially in the attributions-persistence relation (study 2), - and attributional style influence this same persistence (study 3). Finally, the findings of study 4 show that feedback issued to individuals influence their causal perception and behavior, and that effects of this program are lasting and can be generalized to other situations. The result of this research would be to put a training in place for coaches in order to teach them how to better react in front of athletes in failure situations
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Huffine, John Harold. "Causal Attributions, Attributional Dimensions, and Academic Performance in a School Setting." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330619/.

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The attribution model of achievement motivation has been applied to academic achievement as a way of understanding underachievement and as a basis for developing intervention programs. There has been little applied research in this area, however, that supports the use of the model in school settings. The purpose of the present study was to test the applicability of the model to an actual school setting. Subjects were 149 tenth grade students in a large urban school district. In accordance with the model, specific attributions for success or failure were assessed, as well as subjects' perceptions of the locus, stability, and controllability of attributions. Attribution patterns found in previous analog research were not found in a school setting. Immediate effort attributions were the most prevalent, regardless of performance level or outcome. Causal beliefs were found to relate to performance in ways predicted by the model but also in some ways not predicted. Relationships were generally stronger for high performers. Comparing subjects' perceptions of the dimensional properties of attributions across outcomes showed a strong outcome bias. Attributions were perceived as more internal and stable following successes, consistent with previous research. In addition, a performance level bias was found. Low performers rated attributions as less internal, stable, and controllable following successes and more so following failures than did high performers. This bias, termed the underachievement bias, was discussed in terms of its detrimental effects on school performance. The differences between high and low performers regarding perceptions of dimensionalities were consistent with the predictions of the attribution model. It was concluded that the attribution model is applicable to school settings. Suggestions were made that more applied research be conducted, that intervention programs based on this model should target subjects' perceptions of attributions rather than just the specific attributions themselves, and that because of the differences among subjects in perceptions of dimensional properties of attributions, researchers should obtain a direct measure of subjects' perceptions rather than assuming them.
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Arnold, Karen M. "Motivational orientation, attributions and attributional style in adolescents with moderate learning difficulties." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295237.

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Baxter, Julie-Ann. "Maternal attributions and attachment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ46015.pdf.

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Sen, Manidipa. "Attitudes and their attributions." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14692.

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This doctoral dissertation is on the semantics of propositional attitude ascriptions. To be more precise, it is mainly concerned with various kinds of analyses of singular propositional attitude ascriptions. These are sentences of the general form 'X Øs that a is F', where 'X' can be replaced by the name of the person who is in the particular mental state, 'Ø' can be replaced by a propositional attitude verb, like 'believe', 'doubt', 'hope', 'desire', etc., 'a' can be replaced by the name of the individual/object about whom/which the particular attitude is held, and 'F' can be replaced by the name of the property that the individual/object is said to have. The dissertation takes belief to be a paradigmatic example of a propositional attitude, and, thus, focuses mainly on the semantics of ascriptions of beliefs. The thesis it defends is that while a correct analysis of belief ascriptions in general involves a relation between the believer and the proposition which is believed (and which can be regarded as the reference of the 'that'-clause of the belief report), a semantic distinction still needs to be made between de re and de dicto beliefs. This distinction can be made by distinguishing between two different kinds of propositions -- Russellian propositions corresponding to de re beliefs, and Fregean propositions corresponding to de dicto beliefs. This approach is motivated by arguing that the recent proposals of the 'hybrid' type concerning the semantics of belief reports, advocated by such philosophers as Schiffer, Crimmins, Richard, etc., fail. These proposals fail because of overgeneralisation, and, therefore, fail to capture the de re/de dicto distinction. Therefore, if the de re/de dicto distinction is genuine, and the propositions occurring within these two kinds of reports are essentially different, then a single account of belief ascriptions cannot be given. We need two different semantical accounts to capture the distinction. A de re report is best understood by a semantics of the broadly Russellian variety, while a de dicto belief report is best understood by a semantics of the Fregean variety.
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Faye, El Hadji Malick. "Complexité attributionnelle et exactitude des attributions : appréciation du modèle de perception du leadership en Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1230/document.

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Cette thèse propose un test empirique du modèle d’attribution du leadership basé sur l’observation de dyades leader-subordonné au Sénégal et en France. Ce modèle se concentre sur des construits essentiels comme la complexité attributionnelle et l’exactitude des attributions des leaders, les comportements qui en résultent, les variables médiatrices comme la satisfaction des subordonnés, les stratégies correctives de la performance et les variables de résultat comme les perceptions du leadership. Le modèle est testé à l’aide de régressions hiérarchiques des effets directs et des effets médiateurs des attributions biaisées. Notre intention est de tester les relations à partir d’un échantillon d’auditeurs en formation continue de l’enseignement supérieur (au Sénégal et en France) et de déterminer selon notre modèle et nos hypothèses de recherche, quels construits contribuent le plus à expliquer la complexité attributionnelle des leaders. Cequi nous amène à étudier l’influence directe de l’exactitude des attributions, l’effet des stratégies correctives et de la satisfaction des subordonnés sur la perception du leadership. Nous testerons aussi le rôle des attributions biaisées sur les deux variables médiatrices. Les hypothèses sont fortement corroborées. La complexité attributionnelle des leaders est liée à l’exactitude de leurs attributions, telle qu’elle est perçue par leurs subordonnés. Les stratégies de correction de la performance élaborées par les leaders se sont révélées liées à des attributions exactes, puis à des variables clés de résultats. Nous analysons les résultats ainsi que les limites et les orientations futures de la recherche. Les contributionsmanagériales sont doubles : d'une part, de prendre en compte dans le processus de recrutement des leaders leur aptitude à adopter une approche attributionnelle complexe et, d'autre part, les former afin de mieux accompagner leurs subordonnés
This thesis proposes an empirical test of the leadership attribution model based on the observation of leader-subordinate dyads in Senegal and France. This model focuses on key constructs such as attributional complexity and leader attribution accuracy, resulting behaviors, mediating variables such as subordinate satisfaction, performance corrective strategies, and outcome variables such as leadership perceptions. The model is tested using hierarchical regressions of direct effects and mediating effects of biased allocations. Our intention is to test the relationships from a sample of auditors in continuingeducation of higher education (in Senegal and France) and to determine according to our model and our research hypotheses, which constructs contribute the most to explain the attributional complexity of the leaders. This leads us to study the direct influence of the accuracy of the attributions, the effect of the corrective strategies and the satisfaction of the subordinates on the perception of the leadership. We will also test the role of biased assignments on the two mediating variables. Hypotheses are strongly corroborated. The attributional complexity of leaders is linked to the accuracy of their attributions, as perceived by their subordinates. The performance correction strategies developed by leaders have beenlinked to accurate attribution and then to key outcome variables. We analyze the results as well as the limits and future directions of the research. The managerial contributions are twofold: on the one hand, to take into account in the process of recruiting leaders their ability to adopt a complex attributional approach and, on the other hand, to train them to better support their subordinates
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Bryans, Joan Douglas. "Direct reference and belief attributions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30602.

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The aim of this dissertation is to provide a non-Fregean account of the functioning of belief attributions (BA's), specifically those of the form 'B believes that Fa' where 'a' is a proper name, which provides a satisfactory account of the phenomena associated with the substitution of co-referential names and with the use of vacuous names. After an intitial study of non-Fregean theories of reference, specifically those of Kripke, Kaplan and Donnellan in which Kaplan's introduction of content, of the singular proposition, is found to be necessary, an examination of certain proposed solutions for BA's, compatable with direct reference, is carried out. These proposals, namely those of Quine, Perry and Nathan Salmon, are all found wanting, the latter two due to their being, ultimately, Fregean. A non-Fregean approach is initiated beginning with an examination of our actual practices in using BA's. It is found that very different information can be conveyed by the use of the same sentence in the same context. While this differing information cannot be captured by means of the proposition expressed, it can be captured by treating the BA as an answer to a question. Belnap's logic of questions and answers is then developed to encompass vacuous terms and, with this in place, two distinct uses of BA's emerge. In one, the BA is used to provide a direct answer to the question; in the other it is used in order to modify the claim to truth of the embedded proposition, to provide a tentative answer. Problematic cases of BA's are then examined. It is found that substitution in all cases is permissible. Supposed difficulties with this position in the area of belief itself and with the explanation of action are discussed and resolved, the latter partly by means of the development and application of an account of 'why' questions and answers. The use of vacuous names is then investigated and a difference noted between cases in which the BA is used to provide a tentative answer and those in which it constitutes a direct answer. In the former case, the use of a vacuous name results in no answer being given. However, given the nature of tentative answers, no problems specific to belief attributions are generated in such cases. In order to deal with cases where the vacuous name occurs in a BA asserted as a direct answer, Evans' account of pretend games is invoked, though modified to permit a possible world account of counterfactuals.
Arts, Faculty of
Philosophy, Department of
Graduate
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Siney, Ryan Patrick O'Leary Virginia E. "Attributions and depression across cultures." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/SINEY_RYAN_37.pdf.

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Wiseley, Philip Allen. "Social exchange and causal attributions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284126.

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This dissertation investigates the relationship between social exchange and attributions within a non-negotiated exchange setting. Two general questions are the focus of attention in this effort to understand the relationship between social exchange and attributions. The first question investigates how the structure and process of exchange influences the internal/external attributions by actors. The second question investigates the influence of the internal/external dimension of causal attributions on exchange behavior. Hypotheses are developed about the effects of exchange on attributions, as well as the effects of attributions on exchange. The first question was addressed by using existing experimental data. To address the second question a new experiment was designed and conducted. Analyses of these experimental results investigate the link between social exchange and attributions.
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Walker, Steven E. "Leadership attributions of subordinate absenteeism." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94494.

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The present research examined whether the attributions a supervisor makes in response to subordinate absenteeism are influenced by a subordinate's prior absence history, the nature of the subordinate's excuse, and the outcomes of the absence episode. In addition, this study investigated the effects these absence variables have on supervisors' selection of both appropriate absence labels (excused vs. unexcused), and the type of disciplinary action taken. 160 psychology students and 85 MBA candidates from a large Southeastern university were given a scenario describing a hypothetical absence episode, and completed a questionnaire pertaining to the dependent measures above. Results of multivariate analyses of variance conducted on measures of attributions, absence labels, and disciplinary actions supported the hypotheses that (a) prior absence histories based on a high frequency of absences and subordinate excuses for absences due to visiting friends will result in more internal attributions, unexcused absence labels, and more severe forms of disciplinary action taken by the supervisor; while (b) prior absence histories based on a low frequency of absences and subordinate excuses due to a child's accident will result in external attributions, excused absence labels, and less severe forms of disciplinary action. The consequences of absenteeism did not have an effect on subjects' attributions, and only marginally influenced subjects' absence labels and sanction decisions. Results of regression analyses also supported the hypotheses that the type of attribution a supervisor makes will directly influence the chosen absence label, and the absence label will, in turn, influence the type of disciplinary action taken. Implications of the study's findings for future absence research are discussed.
M.S.
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Books on the topic "Attributions"

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Hunter, J. A. Intergroup violence and intergroup attributions. Leicester: British Psychological Society, 1991.

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Harvey, John H., Terri L. Orbuch, and Ann L. Weber, eds. Attributions, Accounts, and Close Relationships. New York, NY: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4386-1.

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Rajagopal, Ananya. Epistemological Attributions to Entrepreneurial Firms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64635-6.

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1943-, Harvey John H., Orbuch Terri, and Weber Ann L, eds. Attributions, accounts, and close relationships. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Les attributions des membres du gouvernement. Brazzaville]: République du Congo, 2007.

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White, Caroline Jayne. Attributions, maternal depression and problem children. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1996.

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Salminen, Simo. Risk taking, attributions and serious occupational accidents. Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 1997.

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Pene-Amuna, Gabriel Kilala. Attributions du ministère public et procédure pénale. Kinshasa: Éditions Amuna, 2006.

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Pene-Amuna, Gabriel Kilala. Attributions du ministère public et procédure pénale. Kinshasa: Éditions Amuna, 2006.

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Knickle, Stephanie L. Self-handicapping: Effect on attributions of ability. Charlottetown: University of Prince Edward Island, Faculty of Arts, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Attributions"

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Blandina, Alexander, and Donovan Kelley. "Attributions." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 318–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1780.

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Blandina, Alexander, and Donovan Kelley. "Attributions." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1780-1.

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Weary, Gifford, Melinda A. Stanley, and John H. Harvey. "Attributions and Achievement." In Attribution, 164–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3608-5_9.

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Kar, Sujita Kumar. "Causal Attributions." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3286-1.

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Sytsma, Justin. "Attributions of Consciousness." In A Companion to Experimental Philosophy, 257–78. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118661666.ch18.

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Shaver, Kelly G. "Attributions of Responsibility." In The Attribution of Blame, 87–113. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5094-4_5.

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Bowden, Laura, Emily Glorney, and Emily Durber. "Attributions and Biases." In Social Psychology in Forensic Practice, 21–46. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315560243-2.

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Harrison, David W. "Attributions and Appraisal." In Brain Asymmetry and Neural Systems, 357–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13069-9_18.

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McVittie, Chris, and Andy McKinlay. "Attitudes and Attributions." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Social Psychology, 269–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51018-1_14.

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Kinderman, Peter. "Changing causal attributions." In Social cognition and schizophrenia., 195–215. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10407-007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Attributions"

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Boyland, John, and Susan L. Graham. "Composing tree attributions." In the 21st ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/174675.177971.

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Jha, Sumit, Rickard Ewetz, Alvaro Velasquez, and Susmit Jha. "On Smoother Attributions using Neural Stochastic Differential Equations." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/73.

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Several methods have recently been developed for computing attributions of a neural network's prediction over the input features. However, these existing approaches for computing attributions are noisy and not robust to small perturbations of the input. This paper uses the recently identified connection between dynamical systems and residual neural networks to show that the attributions computed over neural stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are less noisy, visually sharper, and quantitatively more robust. Using dynamical systems theory, we theoretically analyze the robustness of these attributions. We also experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in providing smoother, visually sharper and quantitatively robust attributions by computing attributions for ImageNet images using ResNet-50, WideResNet-101 models and ResNeXt-101 models.
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Kapishnikov, Andrei, Tolga Bolukbasi, Fernanda Viegas, and Michael Terry. "XRAI: Better Attributions Through Regions." In 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2019.00505.

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Dombrowska, Alexandra. "ETHICAL ATTRIBUTIONS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION." In Безопасность человека в экстремальных климато-экологических и социальных условиях. Частное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования "Сибирский институт практической психологии, педагогики и социальной работы", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38163/978-5-6043858-6-9_2020_42.

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Wilson, Theresa, and Janyce Wiebe. "Annotating attributions and private states." In the Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1608829.1608837.

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Qicheng, Liu, Zheng Wenjing, Tong Xiangrong, Song Yibin, and Zhang Wei. "Time-lapse seismic attributions clustering analysis." In 2012 International Conference on Systems and Informatics (ICSAI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsai.2012.6223163.

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Rönnqvist, Samuel, Aki-Juhani Kyröläinen, Amanda Myntti, Filip Ginter, and Veronika Laippala. "Explaining Classes through Stable Word Attributions." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.85.

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Jha, Sumit, Alvaro Velasquez, Rickard Ewetz, Laura Pullum, and Susmit Jha. "ExplainIt!: A Tool for Computing Robust Attributions of DNNs." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/853.

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Responsible integration of deep neural networks into the design of trustworthy systems requires the ability to explain decisions made by these models. Explainability and transparency are critical for system analysis, certification, and human-machine teaming. We have recently demonstrated that neural stochastic differential equations (SDEs) present an explanation-friendly DNN architecture. In this paper, we present ExplainIt, an online tool for explaining AI decisions that uses neural SDEs to create visually sharper and more robust attributions than traditional residual neural networks. Our tool shows that the injection of noise in every layer of a residual network often leads to less noisy and less fragile integrated gradient attributions. The discrete neural stochastic differential equation model is trained on the ImageNet data set with a million images, and the demonstration produces robust attributions on images in the ImageNet validation library and on a variety of images in the wild. Our online tool is hosted publicly for educational purposes.
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Fernandes, Steven, Sunny Raj, Eddy Ortiz, Iustina Vintila, and Sumit Kumar Jha. "Directed Adversarial Attacks on Fingerprints using Attributions." In 2019 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icb45273.2019.8987267.

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Wang, Xin, Shuyun Lin, Hao Zhang, Yufei Zhu, and Quanshi Zhang. "Interpreting Attributions and Interactions of Adversarial Attacks." In 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00113.

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Reports on the topic "Attributions"

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Elig, Timothy W. Attribution Dimensions, Self-Serving Biases, and Actor-Observer Differences in Work Performance Attributions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada172067.

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Seatter, Barbara. Casual Attributions for Teen Problem Drinking. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7107.

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Green, Carla. An attempt to reduce actor-observer differences in attributions. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5589.

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Mack, Kyle. Sour Grapes While You're Down and Out: Self-Serving Bias and Applicant Attributions for Test Performance. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5323.

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Mott, Joanna, Heather Brown, Di Kilsby, Emily Eller, and Tshering Choden. Outil d’autoévaluation sur l’égalité des genres et l’inclusion sociale. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.013.

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Ce guide s’adresse aux personnels des projets et organisations de recherche et de mise en œuvre dans le secteur de l’eau, l’assainissement et l’hygiène (WASH) qui sont résolument décidés à améliorer les pratiques en matière d’égalité des genres et d’inclusion sociale (GESI) dans leurs projets et leurs organisations. Il est destiné aux chargés de programme, aux conseillers GESI, aux chercheurs et aux membres du personnel de votre organisation désireux d’améliorer leurs pratiques en matière de GESI. Il détaille les rôles et les attributions du point de contact (PC), du facilitateur, des participants et des sympathisants du processus d’autoévaluation.
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Speck, Kimberly A. The Impact of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Vietnam Veterans on Marital Satisfaction and Spouse/Partner Depression and the Role of Attributions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1013369.

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Hicks, Jacqueline. Defining and Measuring Diplomatic Influence. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.032.

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This review found no sources of straightforward indicators for use in measuring diplomatic influence. The literature and evaluations found to recommend the use of tailor-made evaluations to account for “differences in diplomatic settings, diplomatic activities and policy fields”. They hinge on developing a theory of change alongside questions and evaluation criteria that are context-specific. They rely on assessing intermediate goals as a ‘proxy’ for the immeasurable long-term influence, and causal contributions (contributed to a result) rather than causal attributions (caused a result). It was also frequently mentioned that programme designers tend to design programmes to support diplomatic influence without specific and measurable objectives because influencing processes are by nature non-linear. In these cases, evaluations will be correspondingly unable to provide specific and measurable indicators of achievement.
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Gans, Joshua, and Fiona Murray. Markets for Scientific Attribution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20677.

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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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Wheeler, David A., and Gregory N. Larsen. Techniques for Cyber Attack Attribution. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada468859.

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