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Journal articles on the topic 'Attributional style'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Robbins, James M., and Laurence J. Kirmayer. "Attributions of common somatic symptoms." Psychological Medicine 21, no. 4 (November 1991): 1029–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700030026.

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SYNOPSISThree studies explored the causal attributions of common somatic symptoms. The first two studies established the reliability and validity of a measure of attributional style, the Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire (SIQ). Three dimensions of causal attribution were confirmed: psychological, somatic and normalizing. The third study examined the antecedents and consequences of attributional style in a sample of family medicine patients. Medical and psychiatric history differentially influenced attributional style. Past history and attributional style independently influenced clinical presentations over the subsequent 6 months. Symptom attributional style may contribute to the somatization and psychologization of distress in primary care.
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Hartouni, Zizik S. "Effects of Narcissistic Personality Organization on Causal Attributions." Psychological Reports 71, no. 3_suppl (December 1992): 1339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3f.1339.

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The present study addressed a central, although neglected, aspect of research into narcissism and attributions, the role of cognitive-perceptual processes and cognitive styles of individuals with narcissistic personality disorder in their causal explanation of events. The extent to which narcissistic personality organization may be a determinant of attributional style was examined. The sample consisted of 20 individuals with narcissistic personality disorders and 20 with neurotic disorders. Participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40 and the Attributional Style Questionnaire. A significant association between narcissistic personality disorder and internal, stable attributions for positive outcomes was observed. The reformulated learned helplessness model of depression was used to interpret the attributional style of the narcissists as means to obliterate experience of helplessness. The results are discussed in terms of the role of self-esteem and maintenance of self-presentation in the skewed attributional biases of narcissists.
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Dudnyk, Oksana, and Liudmyla Malimon. "Attributative style as a determinant of тhe modality of emotional manifestations of personality." Psychological Journal, no. 9 (December 23, 2022): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2617-2100.9.2022.269992.

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The article examines the features of the attributive style as a stable way of explaining the causes of events and its connection with the dominant emotional states and emotional response of the individual. Existing research on the relationship between cognitive functions and emotions is summarized, it is emphasized that causal attributions are an important part of understanding emotions and determine both specific attitudes and emotional reactions of the subject. According to the results of the empirical study, differences in the modality of emotional manifestations were found in subjects with different attributive styles. All interviewees showed a high level of well-being assessment, at the same time, subjects with an optimistic and more optimistic attribution style have slightly higher well-being indicators compared to subjects with pessimistic and more pessimistic styles. Interviewees with an optimistic attributional style are also characterized by a significantly higher level of activity: they are active, have many hobbies, are active, mobile, in contrast to high school students with a pessimistic attributional style, who have a low level of activity. Differences were also found in the indicators of self-esteem studied by their mood: they are significantly higher in high school students with an optimistic attribution style. The interviewed high school students with a pessimistic attributive style are characterized by a low level of assessment of their mood, they often feel dissatisfaction, disappointment, sadness, shame, sadness, guilt. The obtained results, in particular, significantly higher indicators of self-assessment of well-being, activity, mood and general psycho-emotional state in subjects with an optimistic attribution style, confirm the assumption of causal attribution as a determinant of the modality of emotional manifestations of personality.
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Dua, Jagdish, and Gail Plumer. "Relationship between Attributional Style, Individualized Attributional Style, and Health." Psychological Reports 72, no. 3 (June 1993): 913–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3.913.

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Attributional styles as measured by Peterson, et al.'s 1982 questionnaire and through an individualized questionnaire were not differentially related to measures of physical and psychological health for 27 nursing students.
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Belgrave, Faye Z., Reginald S. Johnson, and Carole Carey. "Attributional Style and Its Relationship to Self-Esteem and Academic Performance in Black Students." Journal of Black Psychology 11, no. 2 (February 1985): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009579848501100203.

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The types of casual attributions made regarding successful and unsuccessful life events are related to a number of variables including depression and self-esteem. High self-esteem individuals tend to internalize their success outcomes and externalize their failure outcomes more than do low self-esteem individuals. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the relationship between attributional style and self-esteem and attributional style and academic performance in Black high school and college students. The results indicated that an internal attributional style for negative events was negatively associated with self-esteem. A stable attributional style for negative events was negatively associated with academic performance. An internal attributional style for positive events was negatively associated with academic performance. It was concluded that attributional style can be useful for understanding self-esteem and academic performance in this population.
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Parkes, Jarred F., and Clifford J. Mallett. "Developing Mental Toughness: Attributional Style Retraining in Rugby." Sport Psychologist 25, no. 3 (September 2011): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.25.3.269.

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Recent research has identified optimism as an underlying mechanism of mental toughness (Coulter, Mallett, & Gucciardi, 2010). To further understand what elements of mental toughness can be developed, the current study evaluated the utility of an optimism intervention that employed cognitive-behavioral techniques (e.g., identifying automatic thoughts; testing accuracy of thoughts) to retrain attributional style. Seven male rugby players who were competing in first grade club rugby participated in the intervention. The effectiveness of the program was partially evaluated via self-reports of the Sport Attributional Style Scale (Hanrahan, Grove, & Hattie, 1989). Qualitative data were also collected via a focus group and semistructured interviews. The quantitative results provided minimal support for the utility of the intervention; there was evidence to suggest participants’ attributions became more external for negative events. The qualitative data suggested that participants (a) developed greater resilience in the face of adversity, (b) were more confident in their sport, and (c) developed a more optimistic explanatory style for negative events. The qualitative findings support the utility of a cognitive-behavioral based attribution retraining intervention for developing optimism in rugby players. The data also supported the flexible use of external attributions for negative events.
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Sturman, Edward D., Myriam Mongrain, and Paul M. Kohn. "Attributional Style as a Predictor of Hopelessness Depression." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 20, no. 4 (December 2006): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcpiq-v20i4a008.

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Stable and global attributions for negative events were tested as predictors of hopelessness depression symptoms, obtained from a diagnostic interview for a past depressive episode in a sample of 102 graduate students. All participants were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Personal Style Inventory, and a modified version of the Extended Attributional Style Questionnaire. A stable and global attributional style for negative events was significantly associated with a composite of hopelessness depression symptoms. A regression analysis revealed that attributional style significantly postdicted hopelessness depression symptoms when controlling for both sociotropy and autonomy. Structural equation modeling supported a model in which stable and global attributions predicted a latent variable, which we refer to as a motivational deficit, involving psychomotor retardation and fatigue as indicators. Therefore, this study obtained some support for the hopelessness model and highlights the vulnerability posed by attributional style ( Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989 ).
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Vargas, Gray A., and Peter A. Arnett. "Attributional Style and Depression in Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2012-021.

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Several etiologic theories have been proposed to explain depression in the general population. Studying these models and modifying them for use in the multiple sclerosis (MS) population may allow us to better understand depression in MS. According to the reformulated learned helplessness (LH) theory, individuals who attribute negative events to internal, stable, and global causes are more vulnerable to depression. This study differentiated attributional style that was or was not related to MS in 52 patients with MS to test the LH theory in this population and to determine possible differences between illness-related and non-illness-related attributions. Patients were administered measures of attributional style, daily stressors, disability, and depressive symptoms. Participants were more likely to list non-MS-related than MS-related causes of negative events on the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and more-disabled participants listed significantly more MS-related causes than did less-disabled individuals. Non-MS-related attributional style correlated with stress and depressive symptoms, but MS-related attributional style did not correlate with disability or depressive symptoms. Stress mediated the effect of non-MS-related attributional style on depressive symptoms. These results suggest that, although attributional style appears to be an important construct in MS, it does not seem to be related directly to depressive symptoms; rather, it is related to more perceived stress, which in turn is related to increased depressive symptoms.
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Fernández-Sogorb, Aitana, María Vicent, Carolina Gonzálvez, Ricardo Sanmartín, Antonio Miguel Pérez-Sánchez, and José Manuel García-Fernández. "Attributional Style in Mathematics across Anxiety Profiles in Spanish Children." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031173.

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This research aimed to examine the relation between child anxiety and causal attributions in mathematics using a person-centered approach. The Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety-Revised and the Sydney Attribution Scale were administered to 1287 Spanish students aged 8 to 11 (M = 9.68, SD = 1.20); 49.4% were girls. Four child anxiety profiles were obtained by the latent class analysis technique: Low Anxiety, Moderate Anxiety, High Anxiety, and Low Anxiety School-type. The four anxious groups significantly differed in all attributions of failure and in attributions of success to ability and effort, with effect sizes ranging from small to large (d = 0.24 to 0.99). The group with the highest anxiety levels attributed its failures more to the lack of ability and effort, and less to external causes. This group attributed its successes less to ability and effort. However, the Low Anxiety School-type group attributed its failures more to external causes and its successes more to ability and effort. The practical implications of these findings suggest that applying cognitive-behavioral programs for anxiety with a component of attribution retraining could be useful to improve both anxiety levels and the maladaptive attributional pattern of each child anxiety profile.
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Sharp, HM, CF Fear, and D. Healy. "Attributional style and delusions: an investigation based on delusional content." European Psychiatry 12, no. 1 (1997): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)86371-7.

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SummaryIndividuals with persecutory delusions have been reported to make external and stable attributions for negative events and to have a tendency towards internal attributions for positive events. It remains unclear whether this abnormality is present in individuals with non-persecutory delusions. Using the Attributional Style Questionnaire, we assessed the attributional style of 19 individuals with persecutory or grandiose delusions (PG), 12 individuals whose delusional beliefs were non-persecutory and non-grandiose (NPG) and 24 controls. The PG group displayed externality in their causal attributions for bad events but those in the NPG group did not differ from controls. Both deluded groups were significantly more stable in their attributions for bad events in comparison to controls. Such findings argue against a primary role for attributional biases in the genesis of delusions, although a role in shaping delusional content and maintaining the disorder and a role for external attributions in defending against reductions in self-esteem cannot be excluded.
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Spangenberg, Judora J., and Therése P. Lategan. "Coping, Androgyny, and Attributional Style." South African Journal of Psychology 23, no. 4 (December 1993): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639302300406.

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To examine the impact of androgyny and attributional style on coping ability, a demographic questionnaire, the Zeitlin Coping Inventory, the Bem Sex-role Inventory and the Attributional Style Questionnaire were completed by 301 first-year students at the University of Stellenbosch. It was found that androgynous female subjects displayed significantly better coping abilities than female subjects with feminine, masculine, or undifferentiated sex-role orientations. No significant difference was found between coping abilities of androgynous and masculine male subjects, although both androgynous and masculine males showed significantly better coping abilities than males with feminine or undifferentiated sex-role orientations. Regarding a specific aspect of coping, namely flexibility of coping style, both male and female subjects with androgynous sex-role orientations displayed significantly more flexibility in their coping styles than subjects of any other sex-role type. Regarding attributional style, a significant positive correlation was found between good coping ability and an internal, stable, and global attributional style for positive events. A significant positive correlation was likewise found between good coping ability and an external, unstable, and specific attributional style for negative events. The conclusion was drawn that androgyny and an adaptive attributional style served as important coping resources.
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Liu, Caimei, and Timothy C. Bates. "The structure of attributional style: Cognitive styles and optimism–pessimism bias in the Attributional Style Questionnaire." Personality and Individual Differences 66 (August 2014): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.022.

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13

Higgins, N. C., and Joanne K. Shaw. "ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE MODERATES THE IMPACT OF CAUSAL CONTROLLABILITY INFORMATION ON HELPING BEHAVIOR." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 27, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1999.27.3.221.

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The helping behavior of individuals with supportive (i.e., the tendency to view others' misfortunes as uncontrollable by the targets) and unsupportive (i.e., the tendency to view others' misfortunes as controllable by the targets) attributional styles was investigated in a natural setting, under conditions of high and low controllability of a target's need. Helping behavior was a function of the perceived controllability of the target's need for help and the helper's attributional style. While non-negligent targets were helped more than the negligent – supporting an attributional model of helping behavior (B. Weiner, 1980a, 1995) – the attributional style of potential helpers moderated that effect. Individuals with a supportive style helped a needy peer at the same rate irrespective of the controllability of the need. In contrast, unsupportive style individuals were very kind to the needy peer if the reason was legitimate, and highly neglectful if the peer was negligent. Thus, the causal structure of the situation was more influential in determining the behavior of unsupportive than supportive style respondents. The finding that attributional styles moderated helping reactions demonstrates that the attributional model of helping behavior is incomplete and that person variables must be considered in tandem with situational variables in attributional models of social behavior.
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Schinkel, Sonja, Dirk van Dierendonck, Annelies van Vianen, and Ann Marie Ryan. "Applicant Reactions to Rejection." Journal of Personnel Psychology 10, no. 4 (January 2011): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000047.

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While applicant reactions to selection (un)fairness have often been investigated, less is known about applicants’ attributions and reactions to specific performance feedback. This paper discusses two studies into the influence of fairness perceptions and attributional processing on well-being and organizational perceptions after rejection. In both studies, distributive fairness and attributional style interactively influenced post-rejection well-being, with optimistically attributing individuals showing higher well-being when fairness perceptions were low. In Study 2, performance feedback negatively influenced rejected individuals’ well-being, and influenced the interaction effect of fairness and attributional style. Distributive fairness positively affected post-rejection organizational perceptions. Finally, performance feedback and attributional style interactively influenced post-rejection organizational perceptions. Implications for future research and practice concerning this issue are considered.
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Dudley, R. Thomas, and Elizabeth A. Whisnand. "Paranormal Belief and Attributional Style." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3 (June 2000): 863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3.863.

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52 college students completed Tobacyk's 1988 Revised Paranormal Belief Scale and Peterson, Semmel, von Baeyer, Abramson, Metalsky, and Seligman's 1982 Attributional Style Questionnaire. Analysis showed significantly higher depressive attributional styles among high scorers on paranormal phenomena than low scorers.
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Hillman, Stephen B., Paula C. Wood, and Shlomo S. Sawilowsky. "ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1994.22.2.163.

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This study ascertains how positive and negative life events are viewed by stigmatized youngsters. The causal attributions of a sample of 139 at-risk African American adolescents are analyzed in a doubly multivariate repeated measures design. These students were participants in either the federally funded Summer Training and Education Program or the Student Academic and Leadership Enhancement Program funded by the Detroit Compact. Previous research on these students indicated that they have higher than norm global self-concepts and their locus of control is more external than would be expected for their age. The findings of the current study suggest that the attributions these youngsters ascribed to positive events were significantly more internal, stable, and global than the attributions for negative events. An ancillary outcome of this study is to report psychometric information regarding the use of The Attributional Style Questionnaire.
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Kang, Euijin, EunKyoung Chung, and YoungWoo Sohn. "The effect of subordinate motivation on performance." Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 24, no. 3 (August 31, 2011): 553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v24i3.553-574.

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The purpose of this study is to examine whether subordinate attribution style on leader emotional (positive and negative) display moderates the relationship between subordinate achievement motivation/personal need for structure(PNS) and performance. 75 employees in the sales department of a pharmaceutical company participated in the survey. Results showed that subordinates using person-attribution style on leader negative emotional display performed better than those using performance-attribution style, though they had the same high level of explicit achievement motivation and PNS. That is, the moderating role of subordinate attributional style on leader negative emotional display was verified. On the contrary, subordinate attributional style on leader positive emotional display did not moderate the relationship between subordinate explicit achievement motivation/PNS and performance. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
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Hargreaves, Isabel R. "Attributional style and depression." British Journal of Clinical Psychology 24, no. 1 (February 1985): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01315.x.

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Ball, Harriet A., Peter McGuffin, and Anne E. Farmer. "Attributional style and depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 192, no. 4 (April 2008): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.038711.

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BackgroundFew studies have examined whether attributional style (an individual's explanation of why events happen) is a genetically influenced vulnerability factor for depression.AimsTo investigate whether attributional style is an enduring vulnerability trait for recurrent depression.MethodAs part of the Cardiff Depression Study, we interviewed 108 people with depression and their siblings, and a control group of 105 healthy individuals and their siblings, using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry and the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Participants also completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire.ResultsRegression analyses showed that attributional style results from mood state and is not a familial risk factor for depression. However, the tendency to internalise negative events was related to having had a prior episode of depression, suggesting a ‘scarring’ effect. Also, non-severe events were associated with one subset of optimistic attributions.ConclusionsAttributional style mainly measures current mood and does not reflect a familial risk factor for depression.
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Baucom, Donald H., Steven L. Sayers, and Autumn Duhe. "Attributional style and attributional patterns among married couples." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56, no. 4 (1989): 596–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.4.596.

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Munton, Anthony G., and Peter M. Stratton. "Concepts of Causality Applied in the Clinic: Interactional Models and Attributional Style." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 4, no. 2 (January 1990): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.4.2.197.

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The purpose of the investigation was to compare causal attributions made by families attending a therapy clinic with those made by control families in interview. Attributional statements were extracted from transcripts of ten therapy sessions and ten control interviews, and coded according to a system described in Stratton et al. (1986). In order to examine the issue of whether a family can be said to possess an attributional style, a multivariate analysis of the data was undertaken. Results indicated that while differences between the family groups did exist on some attributional dimensions, attributional style was less evident. The clinical significance of those differences that did emerge is discussed within an interactional framework.
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Hunter, Tracey A., and Russell Roberts. "Peer Effects in the Development of Attributional style in Children." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 9, S1 (August 1999): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100003058.

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This study examined the relative contributions of peer influence, mothers' influence, depression and life events on the attributional style of 9 to 11 year old children. Questionnaires were administered to 173 Year 5 children and their mothers. It was found that measures of depression, life events, and peer's attributional style were all significantly related to children's attributional style. The attributional style of a child's best friend, a year prior to testing, accounted for significant additional variance after controlling for depression and life events. No significant relationship was found between mothers' attributional style and that of their children. Given the emerging evidence about the effect of peer attributional style on pre-adolescent's attributional style, class group interventions could provide benefit not just directly to individuals but also via the reinforcing potential of the individual's peer group. The implications of peer effects on attributional style and the possibility of a critical period for the development of attributional style are discussed with respect to future research, therapy and systemic approaches to promoting optimistic attributional style and thereby reducing levels of depression.
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LEIBER, MICHAEL J., and ANNE C. WOODRICK. "Religious Beliefs, Attributional Styles, and Adherence to Correctional Orientations." Criminal Justice and Behavior 24, no. 4 (December 1997): 495–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854897024004006.

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Grasmick and colleagues contend that religious fundamentalism and dispositional attributional styles provide a context for understanding attitudes toward punitiveness among the general public. The present study examined the relationships among religion, attributional style, and the orientations of punitiveness and diversion in a sample of juvenile justice personnel. The findings failed to provide support for a positive relationship among religion, dispositional attribution, and a punitive orientation. A strict interpretation of the Bible and societal attribution was predictive of attitudes toward punitiveness and diversion. However, these effects of religion and societal attribution varied in their directions and association with specific correctional responses. The results have implications for the clarification of sociocultural factors underlying juvenile justice decision making.
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Higgins, N. C., and Jana L. Hay. "Attributional Style Predicts Causes of Negative Life Events on the Attributional Style Questionnaire." Journal of Social Psychology 143, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224540309598444.

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Lee, Beatrice, Cahit Kaya, Xiangli Chen, Jia-Rung Wu, Kanako Iwanaga, Emre Umucu, Jill Bezyak, Timothy N. Tansey, and Fong Chan. "The Buffering Effect of Character Strengths on Depression." European Journal of Health Psychology 26, no. 3 (July 2019): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000036.

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Abstract. The transition from high school to college can be very stressful for Turkish students because they may experience value conflicts and adjustment issues, which can trigger the development of mental health problems. Character strengths can serve as a buffer against psychopathology. The aim of the study was to examine perceived stress and negative attributional style as mediating factors between character strengths and depression among Turkish college students. Bootstrap testing approach was implemented to compute direct and indirect effects and total effect in the mediation analysis. Altogether 235 students from two Turkish universities participated in the study. The results showed that character strengths were associated with lower levels of depression and it was negatively associated with perceived stress and negative attributional style. The results also indicated that perceived stress and negative attribution style completely mediated the relationship between character strengths and depression among Turkish college students. These findings suggested the need to develop empirically supported interventions that can promote character strengths toward reducing stress, negative attributions, and depression in this population.
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Hugelshofer, Daniela S., Paul Kwon, Robert C. Reff, and Megan L. Olson. "Humour's role in the relation between attributional style and dysphoria." European Journal of Personality 20, no. 4 (June 2006): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.586.

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The present study empirically investigated the role of adaptive and maladaptive components of humour in the relation between attributional style and dysphoria. Four hundred eighteen students (134 male, 282 female; 2 respondents did not indicate gender) completed questionnaires measuring attributional style, humour styles and depressive symptoms. Among men and women, higher levels of affiliative and self‐enhancing humour, and lower levels of self‐defeating humour, were each associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Additionally, higher levels of affiliative humour provided a buffer against the deleterious effects of a negative attributional style in men, but not women. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Struthers, C. Ward, and Raymond P. Perry. "Attributional style, attributional retraining, and inoculation against motivational deficits." Social Psychology of Education 1, no. 2 (June 1996): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02334731.

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Ladd, Ellen R., M. Cay Welsh, William F. Vitulli, Elise E. Labbé, and Joseph G. Law. "Narcissism and Causal Attribution." Psychological Reports 80, no. 1 (February 1997): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.171.

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This study examined the relationship between scores on narcissistic personality traits and causal attributions to positive and negative events. 119 undergraduate students in psychology as participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40, the Attributional Style Questionnaire, and several Self-referencing Closed-ended Vignettes. Analyses indicated that men who scored higher on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40 made more internal and stable attributions to positive events and more external and unstable attributions to negative events than did men who scored lower on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40. Also scores on the Self-referencing Closed-ended Vignettes correlated significantly and positively with the Attributional Style Questionnaire, providing evidence for the validity of the vignettes.
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Shirdel, Kheironesa, Mohammad Kazem Fakhri, and Bahram Mirzaeyan. "The Structural Model of Educational Self-regulation Based on Learning Strategies and Attributional Styles by the Mediator of Achievement Motivation Among Secondary High School Students in Sari in 2017-2018." International Clinical Neuroscience Journal 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/icnj.2018.18.

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Background: Achievement motivation is one of the critical variables that predict educational achievement and success in the future. Therefore, the identification of effective factors upon achievement motivation may be one of the basic subjects in education. The present study aimed to evaluate the structural model of educational self-regulation based on learning strategies by the mediator of achievement motivation among students. Methods: The present study was correlation research with structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical universe of this study consisted of all boy and girl students at secondary high schools in 2017-2018. The multistep random cluster sampling selected 375 (215 girls and 160 boys). Data gathered by the Bouffard educational self-regulation questionnaire, learning strategies questionnaire, attributional style questionnaire, and Herman’s achievement motivation questionnaire. Data analysis gathered by path analysis and structural equations with Lisrel 8.80 software. Results: The research results indicated the direct effects of learning strategies and attributional styles upon achievement motivation (P<0.05). Also, model fitting indicated indirect effects of learning strategies and attributional styles by achievement motivation upon students learning self-regulation (P<0.01). Conclusion: Research results indicate that self-regulation learning strategies are educational. The teaching of these strategies is effective in increasing internal attribution style for positive events and decreasing this style for adverse events among students.
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Prapavessis, Harry, and Albert V. Carron. "Learned Helplessness in Sport." Sport Psychologist 2, no. 3 (September 1988): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2.3.189.

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One purpose of the present investigation was to examine whether tennis athletes have maladaptive achievement patterns associated with learned helplessness, and whether this condition is related to gender and/or skill level. A second purpose was to determine if there is a relationship between maladaptive achievement patterns and the attributional styles used in failure performances. A sport-specific questionnaire based upon the research of Dweck and others was designed to assess the cognitive, motivational, and emotional maladaptive achievement patterns in male and female highly skilled and lesser skilled athletes enrolled in a tennis academy (N=50). Another sport-specific questionnaire based on Abramson’s attributional model was used to measure each athlete’s attributional style (i.e., locus of control, stability, globality, and importance). Results revealed that 11 subjects demonstrated maladaptive achievement patterns associated with learned helplessness. No gender or skill level differences were present. Subjects classified as helpless had a different attribution dimension style for explaining failure performances than did subjects classified as nonhelpless. Specifically, helpless subjects gave ratings that were internal, persistent, and recurrent. The results were discussed in terms of their practical implications.
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Kaney, Sue, and Richard P. Bentall. "Persecutory delusions and attributional style." British Journal of Medical Psychology 62, no. 2 (June 1989): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1989.tb02826.x.

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Morató i Munné, Pere, Josep Maria Peri i Nogués, and Lluís Garcia i Sevilla. "Attributional Style Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties." Quaderns de Psicologia, no. 19 (October 20, 2009): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.612.

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Mitchell, James V. "Personality Correlates of Attributional Style." Journal of Psychology 123, no. 5 (September 1989): 447–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1989.10542999.

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Shui Kee, Tony Tam. "Attributional Style and School Truancy." Early Child Development and Care 169, no. 1 (January 2001): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443011690102.

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Peterson, Christopher, and Peter Villanova. "An Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 97, no. 1 (1988): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.97.1.87.

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Volpe, N., and R. Levin. "Attributional style, dreaming and depression." Personality and Individual Differences 25, no. 6 (December 1998): 1051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00073-7.

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Hirschy, Angela J., and Joseph R. Morris. "Individual differences in attributional style." Personality and Individual Differences 32, no. 2 (January 2002): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00003-4.

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Kenardy, Justin, Larry Evans, and Tian P. S. Oei. "Attributional style and panic disorder." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 21, no. 1 (March 1990): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(90)90043-k.

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Ignatova, Valentina, Larisa Baranovskaya, Mikhail Kudryavtsev, Alena Galimova, Gennady Galimov, Bator Dagbaev, Sergey Doroshenko, et al. "Features of Students’ Attributional Style." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001017.

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Attributional style or explanatory style is a cognitive personal feature reflecting a standard specific way of explaining the reasons of events in which people are involved. This concept is key in M. Seligman’s theory of learned helplessness and depression. M. Seligman and his followers experimentally proved that the person becomes helpless in case he is convinced that nothing depends on his active actions, that evil events happen accidentally, and it is impossible to change them. The paper describes features of attributional style of junior students and provides recommendations on overcoming its negative consequences.
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Norman, Paul D., and Charles Antaki. "Real Events Attributional Style Questionnaire." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 7, no. 2-3 (June 1988): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1988.7.2-3.97.

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Thompson, Michelle, and Richard P. Bentall. "Hypomanic personality and attributional style." Personality and Individual Differences 11, no. 8 (1990): 867–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(90)90198-z.

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Eschen, Janet E., and David S. Glenwick. "AN INTERACTIONAL APPROACH TO ATTRIBUTIONAL DIMENSIONS IN DYSPHORIA." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 18, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1990.18.2.267.

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To investigate the possible contributions to dysphoria of interactions among attributional dimensions, 105 freshmen and sophomores were administered the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. Analyses examined the relationship to dysphoria of (a) the traditional composite score; (b) multiple regression analyses including interactions among the various dimensions; and (c) indices of behavioral self-blame, characterological self-blame, and external blame. The results provided modest support for the specific hypothesized interactional model and, to a large extent, appeared to support the validity of the standard manner in which dysphoric attributional style is viewed. Refinements of the traditional model are suggested, involving the self-blame construct, the possible role of the stability dimension, and the relationship between controllability and positive event attributions.
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Saylik, Rahmi, and Andre J. Szameitat. "The Association Between Negative Attributional Style and Working Memory Performance." Open Psychology Journal 11, no. 1 (July 24, 2018): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101811010131.

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Introduction:It has been proposed that negative attributions contribute to impairment in cognitive task processing. However, it is still unknown whether negative attributions influence task processing in all cognitive tasks.Methods:To investigate this, 91 healthy participants completed attributional style questionnaire and performed three Working Memory (WM) tasks, which associated with different functions of WM (i.e. Central Executive System (CES) and visuospatial sketchpad).Results:The results demonstrated that negative attributions contribute to the impairment in cognitive tasks which is associated with spatial working memory rather than main central executive functions (i.e. switching and inhibition).Conclusions:It is concluded that negative attributions may selectively disrupt spatial working memory functions, thus a detrimental effect of negative attributions may be task specific.
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Waszczuk, M. A., A. E. Coulson, A. M. Gregory, and T. C. Eley. "A longitudinal twin and sibling study of the hopelessness theory of depression in adolescence and young adulthood." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 9 (March 28, 2016): 1935–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716000489.

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BackgroundMaladaptive cognitive biases such as negative attributional style and hopelessness have been implicated in the development and maintenance of depression. According to the hopelessness theory of depression, hopelessness mediates the association between attributional style and depression. The aetiological processes underpinning this influential theory remain unknown. The current study investigated genetic and environmental influences on hopelessness and its concurrent and longitudinal associations with attributional style and depression across adolescence and emerging adulthood. Furthermore, given high co-morbidity between depression and anxiety, the study investigated whether these maladaptive cognitions constitute transdiagnostic cognitive content common to both internalizing symptoms.MethodA total of 2619 twins/siblings reported attributional style (mean age 15 and 17 years), hopelessness (mean age 17 years), and depression and anxiety symptoms (mean age 17 and 20 years).ResultsPartial correlations revealed that attributional style and hopelessness were uniquely associated with depression but not anxiety symptoms. Hopelessness partially mediated the relationship between attributional style and depression. Hopelessness was moderately heritable (A = 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.28–0.47), with remaining variance accounted for by non-shared environmental influences. Independent pathway models indicated that a set of common genetic influences largely accounted for the association between attributional style, hopelessness and depression symptoms, both concurrently and across development.ConclusionsThe results provide novel evidence that associations between attributional style, hopelessness and depression symptoms are largely due to shared genetic liability, suggesting developmentally stable biological pathways underpinning the hopelessness theory of depression. Both attributional style and hopelessness constituted unique cognitive content in depression. The results inform molecular genetics research and cognitive treatment approaches.
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Yeo, Lay See, and Kayce Tan. "Attributional Style and Self-Efficacy in Singaporean Adolescents." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 22, no. 1 (June 2012): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2012.1.

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This investigation examined the relationship between adolescent students’ attributional style and their perceived academic self-efficacy using the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) (Seligman et al., 1984) and Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self Efficacy (Bandura, 1989). Attributional style, defined as the way in which people explain events (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978), is represented by three dimensions: permanence, pervasiveness, and personalisation. Statistically significant differences were observed between attributional style for gender and academic streams. Females were more optimistic and hopeful than males. They attributed permanence to good events, but assumed personal responsibility for bad events. Males displayed a more negative attributional style, perceiving negative events as permanent and pervasive. Higher-ability students reported greater optimism about their future compared to their lower-ability students. No gender and ability differences were found for academic self-efficacy. Students’ attributional style was positively associated with their efficacy for self-regulated learning. Findings were interpreted in terms of educational implications and student empowerment, with suggestions made for future studies.
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Midence, Kenny. "Attributional style and psychological adjustment in male-to-female transexuals." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 155 (November 2005): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2005.1.155.16.

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This pilot study examines the attributional style and psychological adjustment of male-to-female transsexuals. Transsexuals who reported more difficulties living in their desired role scored higher on depression, general mental health, and stable and global attributions. Recommendations for clinical practice are discussed.
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Brandon, Cathy M., Everarda G. Cunningham, and Erica Frydenberg. "Bright Ideas: A School-Based Program Teaching Optimistic Thinking Skills in Pre-Adolescence." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 9, S1 (August 1999): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103729110000306x.

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Research into the areas of depression and resilience suggests that an optimistic attributional style is a key factor in coping effectively with stressors and functioning adaptively despite adversity. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a program designed to increase positive thinking skills, through awareness and practice, to pre-adolescent children who have been identified as exhibiting a more pessimistic explanatory style. From a total of 110 Year 5 and 6 students, 38 students were selected to participate in the program because they exhibited a more pessimistic explanatory style. Program participants were administered the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) at pre-, post-, and 3-month post-program. Non-program participants completed the CASQ at pre- and 3-month post- program. Results indicated that program participants significantly improved their attributional style scores post program, and that these improvements were maintained at 3-month post-program follow-up. When attributional style difference scores at pre- and 3-month post program were compared, improved scores for program participants were significantly greater than changes in attributional style scores for those students who were not in the program. Given the links between attributional style, depression, and a range of behaviours, such promising results warrant further investigation into the effects of such a program on other outcome measures. The findings provide support for the benefits to be gained by developing positive attributional style during the pre-adolescent years.
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Higgins, N. C., Bruno D. Zumbo, and Jana L. Hay. "Construct Validity of Attributional Style: Modeling Context-Dependent Item Sets in the Attributional Style Questionnaire." Educational and Psychological Measurement 59, no. 5 (October 1999): 804–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00131649921970152.

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Low, Kathryn Graff, Carl E. Thoresen, Jerry R. Pattillo, and Nancy Fleischmann. "Causal Attributions and Coronary Heart Disease in Women." Psychological Reports 73, no. 2 (October 1993): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.2.627.

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The relationship between coronary heart-disease endpoints and attributional style in women has been previously unexamined. This study examined the attributions of 73 postmyocardial infarction (MI) women about their heart disease and explored the relationship between attributions and nonfatal coronary recurrence Women's primary causal attributions included personal behavior (9.6%), blaming others (19.3%), stress (28.8%), luck (12.3%), and family history (13.7%). The largest proportion of recurrences occurred in women attributing their infarcts to marital problems. Of the attributional ratings, ascriptions involving spouses were the only attributions that met entry criteria for logistic regression ( p = .019) after controlling for severity of first infarction.
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Swendsen, J. D., and P. Compagnone. "The expression of cognitive vulnerabilities for depression in daily life: a French-American study." European Psychiatry 15, S1 (June 2000): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00499-5.

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SummaryThis prospective study provided a direct comparison of French and American samples concerning a cognitive diathesis for depression. Using the Experience Sampling Method and identical measures across sites, subjects were signaled five times daily by electronic devices to provide in vivo reports of negative events, attributions, and depressed moods. After controlling for effects associating clinical and demographic variables, and despite differences attributable to national origin, attributional style emerged as a highly significant predictor of the numerous specific attributions made to negative events within the course of daily life. However, consistent with the cognitive mediation hypothesis, attributional style did not directly explain depression levels. The results are discussed in terms of the predictive power of cognitive and personality assessments in understanding the day-to-day experience of depression.
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