Academic literature on the topic 'Attribution des événements extrêmes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Attribution des événements extrêmes"
Décamps, Henri, and Nicole Mathieu. "Événements extrêmes : retours d'expérience." Natures Sciences Sociétés 13, no. 4 (October 2005): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss:2005056.
Full textEl Adlouni, Salaheddine, and Taha B. M. J. Ouarda. "Étude de la loi conjointe débit-niveau par les copules : Cas de la rivière Châteauguay." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 1128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-054.
Full textGuastavino, Jean-Marie. "« Écosystèmes et événements climatiques extrêmes »." Natures Sciences Sociétés 16, no. 4 (October 2008): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2008072.
Full textOuarda, Taha B. M. J., André St-Hilaire, and Bernard Bobée. "Synthèse des développements récents en analyse régionale des extrêmes hydrologiques." Revue des sciences de l'eau 21, no. 2 (July 22, 2008): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018467ar.
Full textGabaix, Xavier, and Adrien Matray. "5. Comprendre l'irrationalité et les événements extrêmes." Regards croisés sur l'économie 10, no. 2 (2011): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rce.010.0063.
Full textMichel-Kerjan, Erwann. "La couverture financière des événements climatiques extrêmes." Annales des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement N° 56, no. 4 (2009): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/re.056.0089.
Full textMoncoulon, David, and Antoine Quantin. "Modélisation des événements extrêmes d’inondation en France métropolitaine." La Houille Blanche, no. 1 (February 2013): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2013004.
Full textBourrelier, Paul-Henri, and Jean Dunglas. "Des événements naturels extrêmes aux figures de la catastrophe." Annales des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement N° 56, no. 4 (2009): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/re.056.0041.
Full textMasson-Delmotte, Valérie, and Marie-Neige Cordonnier. "Climat : « on peut encore freiner l’intensification des événements extrêmes »." Pour la Science N° 528 - octobre, no. 10 (October 21, 2021): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pls.528.0014.
Full textBoudhraâ, H., and C. Cudennec. "Autopsie des événements hydrométéorologiques extrêmes de 1969 en Tunisie." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 369 (June 11, 2015): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-369-169-2015.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Attribution des événements extrêmes"
Ginesta, Fernandez Mireia. "Impact of climate change on severe storms in Europe : attribution and projection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASJ009.
Full textGlobal warming is altering the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, floods, and cyclones. These events have immediate, observable impacts, such as economic losses or loss of life. Extreme event attribution, initially conceived as a tool for assessing liability for damages, has rapidly evolved into various approaches aimed at quantifying the influence of climate change on the dynamics, hazards, and impacts of such extreme events. For some extremes, particularly those predominantly influenced by dynamics such as extratropical storms, confidence in attribution and future projections remains low.In this thesis, we assess changes in observed severe extratropical storms and their meteorological hazards across Western Europe in a warmer climate. Some of the storms analyzed are Alex, in October 2020, Xynthia, in February 2010, and Eunice, in February 2022. Each of them exhibits unique characteristics, yet we can identify similar patterns for comparative analysis. Hence, we explore the concept of weather analogues, which represent recurrent patterns of atmospheric circulation. We identify analogues of severe extratropical storms in two different climates, characterized by weak and strong human influence on climate, in both reanalysis and climate models. We found an increase in precipitation and wind speed associated with these storms in a warmer world, with the drivers of such changes varying from case to case.While analyzing average large-scale patterns in storms across the North Atlantic is fundamental for understanding general trends in dynamics and hazards in various locations, focusing on specific storms, as conducted in this thesis, can offer additional perspectives. Specific storms result from a combination of complex processes that might not be fully captured in large-scale trends; thus, they can serve as case studies for investigating the influence of climate change on their behavior. By examining specific patterns and their analogues, we acknowledge the chaotic nature of the atmosphere, and by providing localized assessments, we consider the specificities of the area.The tools presented here can be applied to other extratropical storms worldwide to enhance our comprehension and provide local assessments. Our research combines meteorological knowledge with climate science, aiming to understand the evolving nature of severe storms and the hazards of climate change
Jézéquel, Aglaé. "Approches statistique et épistémologique de l'attribution d'événements extrêmes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV055/document.
Full textExtreme events are an expression of natural climate variability. Since anthropogenic emissions affect global climate, it is natural to wonder whether recent observed extreme events are a manifestation of anthropogenic climate change. This thesis aims at contributing to the understanding of the influence of anthopogenic climate change on observed extreme events, while assessing whether and how this scientific information - and more generally, the science of extreme event attribution (EEA) - could be useful for society. I propose statistical tools to achieve the former, while relying on qualitative interviews for the latter.The statistical part focuses on European heatwaves. I quantify the role played by the atmospheric circulation in the intensity of four recent heatwaves. This analysis is based on flow analogues, which identify days with a similar circulation pattern than the event of interest. I then disentangle the influence of climate change on the dynamical and non-dynamical processes leading to heatwaves. I calculate trends in the occurrence of circulation patterns leading to high temperatures and trends in temperature for a fixed circulation pattern, applied to the 2003 Western Europe and 2010 Russia heatwaves. I find that the significance of the results depend on the event of interest, highlighting the value of calculating trends for very specific types of circulation.The epistemological part evaluates the potential social uses of extreme event attribution. I assess how it could inform international climate negotiations, more specifically loss and damage, in response to a number of claims from scientists going in this direction. I find that the only potential role EEA could play to boost the loss and damage agenda would be to raise awareness for policy makers, aside from the negotiation process itself. I also evaluate how the different motivations stated by EEA scientists in interviews fare compared to the existing evidence on social use of this type of scientific information. I show that the social relevance of EEA results is ambiguous, and that there is a lack of empirical data to better understand how different non-scientific stakeholders react and appropriate EEA information
Jézéquel, Aglaé. "Approches statistique et épistémologique de l'attribution d'événements extrêmes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV055.
Full textExtreme events are an expression of natural climate variability. Since anthropogenic emissions affect global climate, it is natural to wonder whether recent observed extreme events are a manifestation of anthropogenic climate change. This thesis aims at contributing to the understanding of the influence of anthopogenic climate change on observed extreme events, while assessing whether and how this scientific information - and more generally, the science of extreme event attribution (EEA) - could be useful for society. I propose statistical tools to achieve the former, while relying on qualitative interviews for the latter.The statistical part focuses on European heatwaves. I quantify the role played by the atmospheric circulation in the intensity of four recent heatwaves. This analysis is based on flow analogues, which identify days with a similar circulation pattern than the event of interest. I then disentangle the influence of climate change on the dynamical and non-dynamical processes leading to heatwaves. I calculate trends in the occurrence of circulation patterns leading to high temperatures and trends in temperature for a fixed circulation pattern, applied to the 2003 Western Europe and 2010 Russia heatwaves. I find that the significance of the results depend on the event of interest, highlighting the value of calculating trends for very specific types of circulation.The epistemological part evaluates the potential social uses of extreme event attribution. I assess how it could inform international climate negotiations, more specifically loss and damage, in response to a number of claims from scientists going in this direction. I find that the only potential role EEA could play to boost the loss and damage agenda would be to raise awareness for policy makers, aside from the negotiation process itself. I also evaluate how the different motivations stated by EEA scientists in interviews fare compared to the existing evidence on social use of this type of scientific information. I show that the social relevance of EEA results is ambiguous, and that there is a lack of empirical data to better understand how different non-scientific stakeholders react and appropriate EEA information
Pillet, Valentin. "Détection et attribution des changements morphologiques côtiers récents en milieu insulaire tropical (Polynésie française, Caraïbe)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS019.
Full textLow-lying reef islands and coastal areas of tropical mountainous islands are highly vulnerable to the impacts of tropical cyclones and the expected effects of climate change. However, while the French metropolitan coasts have benefited from a significant effort to assess their long-term changes, French overseas islands are the least documented areas in French Territory. Based on this observation, this thesis examines the respective contribution of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the past evolution of reef islands (French Polynesia) and mountainous island beaches (Northern Lesser Antilles). This study relies on a combined approach between geomatic and fieldwork. From a multi-scalar (spatial and temporal) analysis, we detect and attribute the planimetric changes experienced by the sedimentary systems of the studied islands. Results on reef islands are comparable to those of previous studies which established that most of the islands have been stable or in expansion over the last decades. They allow to suggest conceptual models of long-term trajectories and examine the respective contribution of the drivers considered in this study. On mountainous island beaches, this study shows that local settings explain the high longitudinal variability detected in various climatic situations. In addition, this study contributes to the global samples of studied islands and to move forward on the understanding of past coastal changes in French overseas islands
Bassene, Aladji. "Contribution à la modélisation spatiale des événements extrêmes." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30039/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate nonparametric modeling of spatial extremes. Our resultsare based on the main result of the theory of extreme values, thereby encompass Paretolaws. This framework allows today to extend the study of extreme events in the spatialcase provided if the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators satisfy the standardconditions of the Extreme Value Theory (EVT) in addition to the local conditions on thedata structure themselves. In the literature, there exists a vast panorama of extreme events models, which are adapted to the structures of the data of interest. However, in the case ofextreme spatial data, except max-stables models, little or almost no models are interestedin non-parametric estimation of the tail index and/or extreme quantiles. Therefore, weextend existing works on estimating the tail index and quantile under independent ortime-dependent data. The specificity of the methods studied resides in the fact that theasymptotic results of the proposed estimators take into account the spatial dependence structure of the relevant data, which is far from trivial. This thesis is then written in thecontext of spatial statistics of extremes. She makes three main contributions.• In the first contribution of this thesis, we propose a new approach of the estimatorof the tail index of a heavy-tailed distribution within the framework of spatial data. This approach relies on the estimator of Hill (1975). The asymptotic properties of the estimator introduced are established when the spatial process is adequately approximated by aspatial M−dependent process, spatial linear causal process or when the process satisfies a strong mixing condition.• In practice, it is often useful to link the variable of interest Y with covariate X. Inthis situation, the tail index depends on the observed value x of the covariate X and theunknown fonction (.) will be called conditional tail index. In most applications, the tailindexof an extreme value is not the main attraction, but it is used to estimate for instance extreme quantiles. The contribution of this chapter is to adapt the estimator of the tail index introduced in the first part in the conditional framework and use it to propose an estimator of conditional extreme quantiles. We examine the models called "fixed design"which corresponds to the situation where the explanatory variable is deterministic. To tackle the covariate, since it is deterministic, we use the window moving approach. Westudy the asymptotic behavior of the estimators proposed and some numerical resultsusing simulated data with the software "R".• In the third part of this thesis, we extend the work of the second part of the framemodels called "random design" for which the data are spatial observations of a pair (Y,X) of real random variables . In this last model, we propose an estimator of heavy tail-indexusing the kernel method to tackle the covariate. We use an estimator of the conditional tail index belonging to the family of the estimators introduced by Goegebeur et al. (2014b)
Rimoldi, Cristina. "Événements extrêmes dans des cavités optiques non linéaires étendues." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4095/document.
Full textExtreme events are phenomena, often considered as catastrophic, that occur in the tail of a distribution usually deviating from an expected, exponential decay. In optics, these events were first studied in the context of fibers, where they have been extensively analyzed, as optical rogue waves, in light of the well known analogy between optics and hydrodynamics, through the nonlinear Schroedinger equation. With the development and the broadening of the field, extreme events have been also studied in dissipative optical systems with or without spatial degrees of freedom. In this Thesis we focused on the study of extreme events in three different active and dissipative optical systems, each presenting one or two spatial degrees of freedom, either in the transverse plane, perpendicular to the direction of propagation of light, or in the propagation direction. Localized structures of different nature represent an important possible solution in each one of the systems here studied, hence their interaction and the role played in the formation of extreme events have been also investigated into details. In the first system, a monolithic broad-area semiconductor laser (VCSEL) with an intracavity saturable absorber, we report on the occurrence of extreme events in the 2D transverse plane of the electric field intensity. In particular we highlight the connection between these objects and cavity solitons, both stationary and oscillatory, also present in the system. In the second system, a highly multimode laser with optical injection spatially extended along the propagation direction, we analyze the interaction and merging of phase solitons, localized structures propagating along the cavity carrying a 2π phase rotation. Extreme events have been investigated in two configurations: a first one where they emerge from the collision of phase solitons with other transient structures carrying a negative chiral charge, and a second one where high-peak events emerge from an unstable roll regime where phase solitons are not a stable solution. In both these systems we investigate the role of chirality in the extreme event formation. In the third system, a broad-area semiconductor laser (VCSEL) with optical injection, we study into details the interaction of cavity solitons in the transverse plane, described as two particles subjected to an interaction potential exponentially decreasing with the distance between the two objects: a possible analogy with hydrophobic materials is here suggested. Some preliminary results showing spatiotemporal extreme events in this system are also given
Penot, David. "Cartographie des événements hydrologiques extrêmes et estimation SCHADEX en sites non jaugés." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU022/document.
Full textSince 2006, at EDF, extreme flood estimations are computed with the SCHADEX method (Climatic-hydrological simulation of extreme floods). This method relies on a MEWP probabilistic model (seasonal rainfall distribution using a weather pattern concept) and on a stochastic simulation to cross rainy events hazard and catchment saturation states. Simulation approaches, as SCHADEX, have shown good performances to estimate extreme flood distributions. However, the use of SCHADEX method without data for a considered catchment (rain, temperature, runoff) remains a main issue. This thesis suggests an adaptation of the method in ungauged context, trying to keep the key points of the SCHADEX method: - spatial and probabilistic structure of rainfall conditioned by weather patterns. - a cross of rainfall and catchment saturation hazards by stochastic simulation. This work is limited to a daily step to address the issue of regionalization with a maximum of data. The approach is then structured around four main points: - regionalize punctual daily extreme precipitations and construct maps of return period rainfalls. Evaluate the contribution of a weather type classification for the regionalization of extreme rainfall distributions and qualify the SPAZM interpolator for the estimation of extreme rainfall. - wonder about the construction of an areal rainfall and in particular about the impact of its construction choices on the estimation of extreme precipitations. - develop a regional stochastic simulation method to estimate a distribution of daily runoffs which crosses rainy events and catchment saturation hazards. - study the transposition from a daily runoff distribution to a peak flow distribution. The main contributions of this thesis are: - taking into account the weather types improves the description of spatial patterns of extreme precipitations. - information provided by the SPAZM rainfall interpolator proves to be valuable for the estimation of extreme rainfall in ungauged site. - a sensitivity analysis of the calculation of the areal rainfall based on the number of stations used (comparison SPAZM and Thiessen areal rainfalls) gives an indication of the estimation bias. - the SAMPO rainfall generator used to study the areal reduction factor of extreme precipitation and implement a correction model for high quantiles of SPAZM areal rainfall. - a simplified method of stochastic simulation similar to SCHADEX method (cross between a rainfall hazard and a catchment saturation hazard) is developed to produce a distribution of daily flows in ungauged site. - finally, preliminary work provides a way for the transition to the peak flow distribution using a hydrograph generator adapted to the sequence of daily simulated runoffs. All these developments and conclusions are detailed and justified in the thesis.STAR
Goubanova, Katerina. "Une étude des événements climatiques extrêmes sur l'Europe et le bassin Méditerranéen et de leur évolution future." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066610.
Full textBouillon, Marie. "Températures atmosphériques homogènes dérivées des observations satellitaires IASI : restitution, variations spatio-temporelles et événements extrêmes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS317.pdf.
Full textThe IASI instruments, launched in 2006, 2012 and 2018, observe radiance spectra from the Earth-atmosphere system, allowing us to retrieve atmospheric temperatures. The EUropean organisation for the exploitation of METeorological SATellites (EUMETSAT) computes surface and atmospheric temperatures from IASI observations since 2007. To improve the quality of the retrieved temperatures, EUMETSAT has performed several updates on the temperature processing algorithm. In this work, we show how the EUMETSAT temperature record is inhomogeneous and therefore not adapted to the study of temperatures on the long term. Therefore, a new atmospheric temperature product was computed from IASI spectra with an artificial neural network, using IASI radiances as input and ERA5 reanalysis temperatures as output. The temperatures retrieved with the neural network were validated against ERA5 temperatures and radiosounding temperatures. The validation showed good agreement between the three datasets from 750 to 7 hPa. At 2 hPa, the quality of the temperature products decreases because of the low amount of information on temperature within the IASI spectra at this altitude. This new homogeneous temperature record was then used to study extreme events, in particular Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW). This work studies several SSWs that have happened since 2007, and shows that IASI is perfectly suited to study both temperature and ozone changes during these events. The temperatures were also used to observe the cold and heat waves that happened in the past few years. Finally, the temperatures were used to compute trends over the 2008-2020 period. The troposphere is warming, especially in the upper equatorial troposphere and in the Arctic. The stratosphere north of 50°S is also warming due to the slow ozone hole recovery. In the rest of the stratosphere, the temperatures are decreasing. This thesis presents an homogenous and independent temperature data record from IASI. The methods developed can and will be applied to the rest of the IASI mission and to its successor, the IASI-New Generation mission, which will launch in 2024
Biard, Romain. "Dépendance et événements extrêmes en théorie de la ruine : étude univariée et multivariée, problèmes d'allocation optimale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539886.
Full textBooks on the topic "Attribution des événements extrêmes"
Inglehart, Marita Rohr. Reactions to critical life events: A social psychological analysis. New York, NY: Praeger, 1991.
Find full textDecamps, Henri, ed. Evènements climatiques extrêmes. EDP Sciences, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0508-2.
Full textÉvénements climatiques extrêmes: Réduire les vulnérabilités des systèmes écologiques et sociaux. Les Ulis: EDP sciences, 2010.
Find full textLe temps des saisons: Climat, événements extrêmes et sociétés dans l'Ouest de la France (XVIe-XIXe siècle). Paris: Hermann, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Attribution des événements extrêmes"
Coq, Jean-Michel. "Situations extrêmes." In Situations extrêmes, 63–76. In Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pres.peyra.2021.02.0064.
Full textRAYMOND, Florian, and Albin ULLMANN. "Impact spatial du changement climatique sur les sécheresses hivernales en Méditerranée et ses conséquences sur l’agriculture." In Les impacts spatiaux du changement climatique, 211–26. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9009.ch10.
Full text"Alerte à la canicule africaine." In Science et développement durable, 102–3. Marseille: IRD Éditions, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/1229b.
Full textMartin, Philippe. "La macroéconomie aux prises avec les événements extrêmes." In Agir face aux dérèglements du monde, 45–51. Odile Jacob, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oj.cercl.2020.01.0045.
Full text"Chapitre 9. Un peu plus sur les événements extrêmes." In L'homme est-il responsable du réchauffement climatique ?, 211–28. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0345-3-011.
Full text"Chapitre 9. Un peu plus sur les événements extrêmes." In L'homme est-il responsable du réchauffement climatique ?, 211–28. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0345-3.c011.
Full textREVET, Sandrine. "Le monde international des catastrophes : au-delà de la réflexivité, dépasser le naturalisme ?" In Les risques et l’anthropocène, 131–50. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9041.ch5.
Full textSTEER, Philippe. "Interactions entre la déformation tectonique et l’érosion lors du cycle sismique dans les chaînes de montagnes." In Le cycle sismique, 257–83. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9038.ch9.
Full text"CHAPITRE 2. Les impacts potentiels des changements climatiques et des événements extrêmes sur la production agricole et effets réciproques." In Démographie, climat et alimentation mondiale, 21–44. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0886-1.c013.
Full textCEA, Roberto. "Politique de santé entre concurrence scientifique et pouvoir des experts." In Les épidémies au prisme des SHS, 109–14. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.5996.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Attribution des événements extrêmes"
Gelly, A., M. Gallois, C. Duval, JF Lechaudel, M. Rabardy, and B. Maillot. "Maîtrise des risques liés aux événements naturels extrêmes." In Congrès Lambda Mu 19 de Maîtrise des Risques et Sûreté de Fonctionnement, Dijon, 21-23 Octobre 2014. IMdR, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/56112.
Full textMEZIANE, Imane, Marc ROBIN, and Paul FATTAL. "Contribution à la modélisation hydrosédimentaire des événements extrêmes de type Céline le long du littoral de Noirmoutier." In Journées Nationales Génie Cotier - Genie Civil, 373–80. Editions Paralia, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2024.039.
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