Academic literature on the topic 'Attractif olfactif'
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Journal articles on the topic "Attractif olfactif"
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Simon, T., and K. Barnes. "Olfaction and prey search in the carnivorous leech Haemopis marmorata." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 2041–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.9.2041.
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Haemopis marmorata, the green horse leech, is carnivorous and readily eats earthworms. Using a Y-maze with flowing water, we show that specimens of H. marmorata are attracted to live earthworms. Ablating the dorsal lip, the presumed site of the chemoreceptors that this species uses in prey search, disrupts the ability of the leeches to find the earthworms in the Y-maze. Earthworm wash, a preparation of the collagen coating of earthworm skin, shock-induced earthworm secretion, mammalian blood and a salt­arginine mixture are not attractive to the green horse leech. The tails of freshly killed earthworms are attractive to the leeches, but tails from worms killed 8­12 h previously and stored cold are not. Our conclusion is that the earthworms produce a metabolite that attracts the leeches.
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Tierney, Keith B., Matthew Kereliuk, Yogesh Kumar Katare, Alexander P. Scott, Stephen J. Loeb, and Barbara Zielinski. "Invasive male round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) release pheromones in their urine to attract females." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 3 (March 2013): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0246.
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The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is an invasive fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes and beyond. Pheromones appear to be important for their reproductive success, as females are attracted to water in which reproductive males have resided (“conditioned water”). Previous investigation has shown conjugated and unconjugated forms of 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstane-11,17-dione (11-oxo-etiocholanolone; 11-O-ETIO) are released in the urine of these males. The goal of this study was to determine if the urine of reproductive males and fractionated extracts attract females. We found that reproductively active females were attracted to male urine and to isolates of male-conditioned water that contained conjugated 11-O-ETIO. The fractionated preparation that corresponded to unconjugated 11-O-ETIO (i.e., “free” steroid released via the gills of males) was not attractive to reproductive females, but curiously, it was attractive to nonreproductive females. Olfactory sensory deprivation confirmed that the behavioural responses were mediated by olfaction. These findings take us closer towards identifying the pheromone(s) that attract female gobies and, therefore, closer to having a method to limit this species' damaging invasion.
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Li, Qian, and Stephen D. Liberles. "Aversion and Attraction through Olfaction." Current Biology 25, no. 3 (February 2015): R120—R129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.044.
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Amsler, S., J. Filledier, and R. Millogo. "Attractivité pour les Tabanidae de différents pièges à glossines avec ou sans attractifs olfactifs. Résultats préliminaires obtenus au Burkina Faso." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9134.
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Trois expériences ont été menées en saison sèche au Burkina Faso en zone de savane sub-humide, pour comparer l'efficacité de 5 types de pièges à glossines vis-à-vis des Tabanidae et évaluer l'intérêt de deux attractifs olfactifs. Les pièges NG-2G, F3 et l'écran-piège se sont révélés significativement plus efficaces que les pièges biconique et monoconique classiques avec des captures multipliées par 1,7 à 8,7. Parmi les attractifs olfactifs utilisés, le méta-crésol pur augmente en moyenne les captures de 1,5 fois et l'association méta-crésol/octénol (dans le rapport de 3 pour 1) de 2,5 fois par rapport au piège sans attractifs.
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Kumar, Sarita, Aarti Sharma, Roopa Rani Samal, Manoj Kumar, Vaishali Verma, Ravinder Kumar Sagar, ShriPati Singh, and Kamaraju Raghavendra. "Attractive Sugar Bait Formulation for Development of Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait for Control of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus)." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022 (June 18, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2977454.
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Background. Attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB), based on “attract and kill” approach, is a novel and promising strategy for mosquito control. Formulation of an attractive sugar bait (ASB) solution by selecting an efficient olfaction stimulant and preparation of an optimized sugar-attractant dosage is a significant component for the success of the approach. Methods. Current study evaluated relative potential of nine ASBs, formulated by combination of sugar and fresh fruit juices (guava, mango, muskmelon, orange, papaya, pineapple, plum, sweet lemon, and watermelon) in attracting Aedes aegypti adults. Freshly extracted and 48-hour-fermented juices were combined with 10% sucrose solution (w/v) in 1 : 1 ratio. Cage bioassays were conducted against two laboratory strains (susceptible: AND-Aedes aegypti; deltamethrin-selected: AND-Aedes aegypti-DL10) and two field-collected strains (Shahdara strain of Aedes aegypti: SHD-Delhi; Govindpuri strain of Aedes aegypti: GVD-Delhi). Each of the nine ASBs was assayed, individually or in groups of three, for its attraction potential based on the relative number of mosquito landings. The data were analysed for statistical significance using PASW (SPSS) software 19.0 program. Results. The prescreening bioassay with individual ASB revealed significantly higher efficacy of ASB containing guava/plum/mango juice than that containing six other juices ( p < 0.05 ) against both the laboratory and field strains. The bioassay with three ASBs kept in one cage, one of the effective ASBs and two others randomly selected ASBs, also showed good attractancy of the guava/plum/mango juice-ASB ( p < 0.05 ). The postscreening assays with these three ASBs revealed maximum attractant potential of guava juice-sucrose combination for all the four strains of Ae. aegypti. Conclusion. Guava juice-ASB showed the highest attractancy against both laboratory and field-collected strains of Ae. aegypti and can be used to formulate ATSB by combining with a toxicant. The field studies with these formulations will ascertain their efficacy and possible use in mosquito management programs.
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Vosshall, Leslie B. "Olfaction: Attracting Both Sperm and the Nose." Current Biology 14, no. 21 (November 2004): R918—R920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.10.013.
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Amsler, S., and J. Filledier. "Attractivité pour les Tabanidae de l'association méta-crésol/octénol : Résultats obtenus au Burkina Faso." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9139.
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Au Burkina Faso, trois types de pièges, appâtés ou non avec un mélange d'attractifs olfactifs (méta-crésol/octénol), ont été comparés dans deux séries d'expérience durant la saison sèche pour leur efficacité envers les Tabanidae. Les pièges munis d'attractifs olfactifs multiplient les captures par 1,5 à 3, avec des variations selon les pièges. Le piège NG-2G et l'écran-piège sont équivalents en efficacité et significativement plus attractifs que le piège F3, sans modification avec l'avancée de la saison sèche. On note également une évaluation inverse des quantités capturées, probablement par suite d'un effet de piègeage.
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Ravaux, Juliette, Julia Machon, Bruce Shillito, Dominique Barthélémy, Louis Amand, Mélanie Cabral, Elise Delcour, and Magali Zbinden. "Do Hydrothermal Shrimp Smell Vents?" Insects 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12111043.
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Deep-sea species endemic to hydrothermal vents face the critical challenge of detecting active sites in a vast environment devoid of sunlight. This certainly requires specific sensory abilities, among which olfaction could be a relevant sensory modality, since chemical compounds in hydrothermal fluids or food odors could potentially serve as orientation cues. The temperature of the vent fluid might also be used for locating vent sites. The objective of this study is to observe the following key behaviors of olfaction in hydrothermal shrimp, which could provide an insight into their olfactory capacities: (1) grooming behavior; (2) attraction to environmental cues (food odors and fluid markers). We designed experiments at both deep-sea and atmospheric pressure to assess the behavior of the vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata and Mirocaris fortunata, as well as of the coastal species Palaemon elegans and Palaemon serratus for comparison. Here, we show that hydrothermal shrimp groom their sensory appendages similarly to other crustaceans, but this does not clean the dense bacterial biofilm that covers the olfactory structures. These shrimp have previously been shown to possess functional sensory structures, and to detect the environmental olfactory signals tested, but we do not observe significant attraction behavior here. Only temperature, as a signature of vent fluids, clearly attracts vent shrimp and thus is confirmed to be a relevant signal for orientation in their environment.
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Guest, Emma E., Brittany F. Stamps, Nevin D. Durish, Amanda M. Hale, Cris D. Hein, Brogan P. Morton, Sara P. Weaver, and Sarah R. Fritts. "An Updated Review of Hypotheses Regarding Bat Attraction to Wind Turbines." Animals 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030343.
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Patterns of bat activity and mortalities at wind energy facilities suggest that bats are attracted to wind turbines based on bat behavioral responses to wind turbines. For example, current monitoring efforts suggest that bat activity increases post-wind turbine construction, with bats making multiple passes near wind turbines. We separated the attraction hypothesis into five previously proposed explanations of bat interactions at or near wind turbines, including attraction based on noise, roost sites, foraging and water, mating behavior, and lights, and one new hypothesis regarding olfaction, and provide a state of the knowledge in 2022. Our review indicates that future research should prioritize attraction based on social behaviors, such as mating and scent-marking, as this aspect of the attraction hypothesis has many postulates and remains the most unclear. Relatively more data regarding attraction to wind turbines based on lighting and noise emission exist, and these data indicate that these are unlikely attractants. Analyzing attraction at the species-level should be prioritized because of differences in foraging, flight, and social behavior among bat species. Lastly, research assessing bat attraction at various scales, such as the turbine or facility scale, is lacking, which could provide important insights for both wind turbine siting decisions and bat mortality minimization strategies. Identifying the causes of bat interactions with wind turbines is critical for developing effective impact minimization strategies.
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Hamer, Rowena, Francis L. Lemckert, and Peter B. Banks. "Adult frogs are sensitive to the predation risks of olfactory communication." Biology Letters 7, no. 3 (January 12, 2011): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1127.
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Olfaction is a common sensory mode of communication in much of the Vertebrata, although its use by adult frogs remains poorly studied. Being part of an open signalling system, odour cues can be exploited by ‘eavesdropping’ predators that hunt by smell, making association with odour a high-risk behaviour for prey. Here, we show that adult great barred frogs ( Mixophes fasciolatus ) are highly attracted to odour cues of conspecifics and those of sympatric striped marsh frogs ( Limnodynastes peronii ). This attraction decreased significantly with the addition of odours of a scent-hunting predator, the red-bellied black snake ( Pseudechis porphyriacus ), indicating that frogs perceived predation risks from associating with frog odours. Male frogs, however, maintained some attraction to unfamiliar conspecific scents even with predator odours present, suggesting that they perceived benefits of odour communication despite the risk. Our results indicate that adult frogs can identify species and individuals from their odours and assess the associated predation risk, revealing a complexity in olfactory communication previously unknown in adult anurans.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attractif olfactif"
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Miklas, Nadège. "Interactions et variations des signaux acoustiques et olfactifs lors de la rencontre des sexes chez nezara viridula (heteroptera, pentatomidae)." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132004.
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L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser la complémentarité des signaux olfactifs et acoustiques indispensable à la rencontre des sexes chez Nezara viridula (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), et de caractériser l'importance éthologique de la variabilité inter-populations de ces signaux. Dans un premier temps, nous avons basé notre travail sur l'étude des différentes étapes constituant le SMRS. Ainsi nous avons mis en évidence le rôle central des chants d'appel émis par les femelles. Ces chants d'appel permettent aux mâles de localiser la femelle sur la plante, alors que la phéromone sexuelle mâle ne permet pas aux femelles de le localiser précisément. Cependant, des composés olfactifs émis par le mâle, sont responsables du déclenchement des chants d'appel chez les femelles. Le mâle répond aux chants d'appel en s'orientant vers la femelle, et en émettant des chants de cour de façon à synchroniser son chant avec celui de la femelle. Le mâle module également l'émission de sa phéromone sexuelle en fonction de la présence/absence de partenaire sexuelle potentielle. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous sommes intéressés aux déterminismes comportementaux de la sélection du partenaire sexuel. Pour cela nous avons tout d'abord étudié la répétabilité des signaux phéromonaux et acoustiques. Nous avons ensuite mis en évidence la sélectivité des femelles par rapport aux composés olfactifs émis par les mâles. De même, les mâles répondent préférentiellement aux chants d'appel de leurs femelles, même s'ils reconnaissent et répondent aux chants d'appel émis par des femelles "étrangères". Nous discutons en quoi l'évolution de ces signaux peut être le résultat d'une sélection disruptive provenant d'une adaptation secondaire à des milieux différents. Nous intégrons l'ensemble de ces résultats afin de proposer des pistes dans la mise en place d'un programme de lutte intégrée permettant de contrôler ce ravageurMale N. Viridula produce a volatile pheromone, attracting females. Natural male odour, and, less efficiently, a blend of the bisabolene epoxides and bisabolene, trigger calling behaviour of mature females. Thus, male pheromone is also active in reciprocal short-range communication through positive feed back. Once male and female on a same plant, they communicate with substrate borne vibrations. Male uses the vibratory signals emitted by female to locate her. Thus, female calling song (FCS) is an essential component of the SMRS. Male responds systematically to FCS by emitting male courtship song (MCrS) and modulates temporal and spectral characteristics of its song in synchronisation with female pulse train. Moreover, monitoring of pheromone production showed that males increase emission of the sex pheromone when stimulated with FCS, compared to control insects which showed a tendency to decrease their emission, and males stimulated with a male rivalry song, which showed a stable emission of pheromone. It has been repeatably observed that the song characteristics and the pheromone composition differ between geographically isolated populations. At this point of our study, we considered it was of importance to examine how far the responses of male and female bugs are specific, and allow some discrimination between potential mates. Females respond better to a natural odour of males from their own populations compared to another one. In the same way, mâle responds to FCS of females from their own population by emitting more MCRS and by increasing his amount of pheromone. In conclusion, there is no behaviour barrier between geographically isolated populations of N. Viridula. We discuss the variability of the recording signal to the adaptation of each population to different host plants. There results are discussed to propose a strategy of pest management
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Leroy, Lise Martine Georges. "Écologie Chimique du Papillon Piqueur de Fruits Eudocima phalonia (Linné) en Nouvelle-Calédonie dans un contexte de lutte intégrée : Relations phytophages/plantes-hôtes, physiologie et comportements impliqués dans la réponse aux odeurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nouvelle Calédonie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NCAL0002.
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Dans le contexte actuel de la transition agroécologique, il convient de proposer des solutions innovantes de biocontrôle contre les insectes ravageurs économiques agricoles. Certaines espèces comme Eudocima phalonia Linné, un papillon piqueur de fruit autrefois considéré comme un ravageur occasionnel en Nouvelle-Calédonie est devenu, ces dernières années, un ravageur économique important et récurrent. Les méthodes actuellement disponibles sont inadaptées ou financièrement hors de portée de certains agriculteurs (comme pour les filets) et fait particulièrement défau pendant les épisodes de pullulation. Bien que l’utilisation de filet soit actuellement recommandée, ils ne permettent qu’un contrôle ponctuel et non durabl de cette espèce. Parmi les solutions de demain, l’identification de molécules odorantes telles que les kairomones qui déclenchent un comportement d’attraction chez un insecte cible, donne la perspective d’utiliser ces molécules en tant que pièges olfactifs. C’est le principe de l’Écologie Chimique. Après avoir réalisé un état de l’art complet d’E. phalonia (ainsi que le cortège secondaire qui l’accompagne), une méthode d’élevage a été mise au point pour s’affranchir de la saisonnalité de l’espèce et pour actualiser la biologie du ravageur. Il a aussi permis d’évaluer la réponse antennaire et le comportement du papillon en laboratoire en fonction de plusieurs odeurs : (i) l’odeur capturée in situ pour neuf fruits, (ii) l’odeur de cinquante composé olfactifs testés individuellement selon deux concentrations et (iii) l’odeur de 84 formulations comprenant plusieurs de ces composés. Les résultats ont amené à sélectionner cinq solutions olfactives élaborées en laboratoire pour des tests en condition semi-contrôlées et en plein champ. Une solution « olfacticide » laisse apparaître des perspectives d’utilisation pour la mise en place d’une stratégie de lutte pour laquelle ces travaux doivent être poursuivi et approfondisIn the current context of the agro-ecological transition, innovative biocontrol solutions against agricultural economic insect pests should be proposed. Some species such as Eudocima phalonia Linnaeus, a fruit piercing moth considered an occasional pest in New Caledonia, has become, in th last decades, a currently important and recurrent economic pest. Available methods are inadequate or financially out of reach of some farmers (such as nets) and are particularly lacking during outbreaks. Although the use of nets is currently recommended but they only allow for timely and unsustainable control of this species. Among the future solutions, the identification of odorous molecules such as kairomones that trigger an attractive behavior in a target insect, gives the prospect of using these molecules as olfactory trap. This is the principle of Chemical Ecology. After a complete review of the pe status of E. phalonia (as well as the secondary moths), a rearing method was developed in order to avoid the seasonality of the species and to update the biology of the pest. Then, the antennal response and the moth behaviour were both evaluated in the laboratory and based on several odours: (i) the odou captured in situ for nine fruits, (ii) the odour of fifty olfactory compounds individually tested at two concentrations, and (iii) the odour of 84 formulation consisting of several compounds. The results led to the selection of five olfactory solutions developed in the laboratory for tests in semi-controlled conditions and in open fields. One “olfacticide” solution allows a possible use to implement a biocontrol strategy, but the results need to be examined mor deeply
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Maia, Artur Campos Dália. "Olfactory attraction in Cyclocephalini-Aroid pollination systems and captivity rearing of Cyclocephala." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1594/.
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J'ai étudié les systèmes de pollinisation hautement spécialisés existant entre les Aracées néotropicales et les coléoptères de la tribu des Cyclocephalini (Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae), et aussi l'ontogénie et le développement d'espèces de Cyclocephala élevées en captivité. Les coléoptères floricoles (mâles et femelles) de Cyclocephala celata et C. Latericia montrent une attraction pour de signaux olfactifs simples présents dans les senteurs florales de Caladium bicolor, Philodendron acutatum et Taccarum ulei. Des molécules synthétisées de 4-methyl-5-vinilthiazole et (S)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-hexanone, deux composés rares issus de voies biosynthétiques différentes, et majeurs des odeurs florales des trois espèces d'Aracées étudiées, se sont avérées très attractives et de manière sélective pour les espèces pollinisatrices de Cyclocephala. En élevage, quatre espèces de Cyclocephala indigènes de la forêt Atlantique du Nord-est Brésil, C. Celata, C. Distincta, C. Latericia et C. Paraguayensis, furent maintenues en captivité durant tout leur cycle biologique grâce à un protocole a simple et économique. Des œufs viables furent pondus pour toutes les espèces, et pour trois d'entre elles le stade imago fut obtenu à partir d'une diète exclusivement saprophage des larves. Des perspectives de production contrôlée à grande échelle de ces pollinisateurs spécialisés offre des opportunités intéressantes pour la gestion environnementale des systèmes biologiques en interactionI studied highly specialized pollination systems involving Neotropical Araceae and scarab beetles of the tribe Cyclocephalini (Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae), and also scrutinized aspects of the ontogeny and egg development of captivity bred and reared species of Cyclocephala. Flower-visiting male and female Cyclocephala celata and C. Latericia exhibit direct attractive response to simple chemolfactory signals in the floral scents of the Caladium bicolor, Philodendron acutatum and Taccarum ulei. Pure authentic standards of 4-methyl-5-vinilthiazole and (S)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-hexanone, two rare and biosynthetically diverse compounds identified as prominent constituents in floral fragrance samples among the three species of aroids, were successfully used in fragrant baits to selectively lure pollinating cyclocephaline scarab beetles. Four species of Cyclocephala native to the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, C. Celata, C. Distincta, C. Latericia and C. Paraguayensis, were successfully maintained in captivity with a simple, inexpensive rearing protocol. All species yielded viable eggs and three of them also yielded healthy imagoes on an exclusively saprophagous diet for the larvae. Near future perspectives for the controlled, large-scale reproduction of these specialized pollinators offer interesting opportunities for environmental management plans of interacting biological systems
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Chaibou, Ibrahima Mahamadou. "Aspects biologiques et électrophysiologiques de la communication olfactive chez Caryedon serratus : relations intraspécifiques : la phéromone sexuelle, et interspécifiques : les plantes-hôtes." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR4003.
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Caryedon serratus est un coléoptère bruchidae africain nocturne dont les larves consomment les graines de différentes légumineuses et ayant secondairement colonisé l'arachide. Une phéromone sexuelle produite par les femelles vierges induit une chémoanémotaxie positive des mâles (études comportementales et électrophysiologiques). Cette production commence lors du passage lumière-obscurité. Les mâles sont réactifs pendant toute la scotofraction. Une importante variabilité intra et inter-femelles est observée dans la production de phéromone sexuelle. Par ailleurs, plus une femelle provient d'un uf pondu par une mère âgée et a eu un développement long et plus elle devient tardivement attractive. Cette phéromone est synthétisée par des glandes épidermiques probablement situées dans les membranes intersegmentaires dorsale et ventrale de l'extrêmité du pygidium. Les mâles et les femelles sont sensibles aux odeurs de gousses et de feuilles de plantes-hôtes: bauhinia rufescens, piliostigma reticulatum, cassia sieberiana, tamarindus indica et arachis hypogaea auxquelles ils réagissent par un comportement locomoteur oriente (attraction). Des études électrophysiologiques de cet aspect ont montre une très bonne corrélation avec les études comportementales. De plus une plante non hôte, utilisée empiriquement pour protéger les stocks, boscia senegalensis, évoque un électroantennogramme mais aucune réaction locomotrice. Les perspectives ouvertes par ce travail sont également mentionnées.
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Baig, Farrukh. "Chemical ecology of Carpophilus beetles and their yeast symbionts." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/202961/1/Farrukh_Baig_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is an exciting avenue of research that broadens our understanding of the ecological relationship between microbes and herbivorous insects and applies this knowledge to the development of new "attract and kill" technologies in insect pest management. The outcomes of the research will help improve existing control practices for Carpophilus beetles, which are major pests in Australian horticulture, and pave the way for developing novel tools and practices for monitoring and controlling newly established insect pests.
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Jouhanneau, Mélanie. "Accélération de la puberté par les phéromones mâles chez la souris femelle : régulation des neurones à Kisspeptine et conséquences à long terme sur le comportement sexuel." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4014.
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Chez la souris, la puberté de la femelle est accélérée par des phéromones urinaires émises par le mâle (effet Vandenbergh). Les mécanismes neuroendocriniens sous-Jacents et les conséquences comportementales restent peu connus. Par une approche multidisciplinaire alliant immunohistochimie, chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse et chirurgie expérimentale, mon travail de thèse montre que les neurones synthétisant la kisspeptine, un neuropeptide hypothalamique jouant un rôle essentiel dans le contrôle de la puberté, sont régulés positivement par les phéromones accélératrices de la puberté. Les neurones à kisspeptine reçoivent le signal phéromonal via le système olfactif accessoire et le transmettent aux neurones à GnRH. De plus, des analyses comportementales montrent qu’outre leur effet physiologique connu, les phéromones accélératrices de la puberté modifient à long terme le comportement sexuel de la souris femelle. En effet, la préférence de la femelle pour l’odeur du mâle s’exprime plus tôt à l’âge adulte après l’exposition péripubère aux phéromones émises par la souris mâleIn the mouse, female puberty onset is accelerated by male urinary pheromones (Vandenbergh effect). The neuroendocrine mechanisms underlining this effect and the behavioral consequences are poorly understood. Through a multidisciplinary approach using immunohistochemistry, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and experimental surgery, my thesis research show that neurons that synthesize kisspeptin, a hypothalamic neuropeptide which plays a master role in the control of puberty onset, are positively regulated by puberty-Accelerating pheromones. Kisspeptin neurons receive pheromone signal via the accessory olfactory system and transmit it to GnRH neurons. Moreover, behavioral analyses show that besides their known physiological effect, puberty-Accelerating pheromones also have long-Term effects on sexual behavior of the female mouse. Indeed, puberty-Accelerating pheromones induce a precocious expression of male-Directed odor preference in adult female mice
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Allen, Caroline. "The artificially scented ape : investigating the role of fragrances and body odours in human interactions." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22599.
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It was long believed that humans were unable to utilise the odours of conspecifics to co-ordinate social interactions in ways in which other species appear to be capable. However, a surge in interest in human social olfaction has recently challenged this view. The numerous studies conducted in this area have found that multiple state and trait related cues can be detected in body odour. Furthermore, many studies indicate that women are often more sensitive to these cues, and that sensitivity can be associated with fertility, findings that are consistent with sex differences in reproductive effort and benefits of choosiness in mate-searching. Since previous studies in this area have usually addressed the potential for humans to use olfactory communication in a comparable manner to other mammals, they typically involve collection and assessment of ‘natural’ odour. That is, they explicitly exclude the possibility of ‘contamination’ of odour samples by artificial fragrances. However, humans have used artificial fragrances for millennia, across many different cultures. This raises the question of whether widespread fragrance use may affect or disrupt the detection of this information in modern humans. The first aim of this thesis was to address this question by investigating how fragrance use may mediate the detection of olfactory information in humans. As well as providing further evidence for sex differences in the assessment of olfactory cues, and for the role of olfaction in real world partner choice, the findings herein suggest that fragrance may act differently on different information being assessed, potentially masking accurate assessment of certain traits (such as masculinity), while fragrance choice and preferences may be important in complementing other olfactory information (such as the general distinguishability of an individuals’ odour profile). A second aim of the thesis was to develop a scale in order to more accurately describe the varying perceptual qualities of human body odour – in other words to map human body odours. This work was conducted alongside perfumers in order to benefit from their expertise in olfactory perception and semantic labelling of odours. The development of such a scale could enable improved understanding of the perceptual qualities of human odour, making it possible to link specific perceptual qualities to specific cues (e.g. symmetry, masculinity, sex) or to manipulate odours based on perceptual qualities in experimental settings, and has direct practical implications for fragrance designers and for improving the ability of individuals to choose fragrance products that suit their odour profile. The second section of the thesis focuses on the effects of odours on the individual wearer as well as on perceivers in the environment. One study is presented which investigates the role of malodour reduction compared to the addition of fragrances in perceptions of confidence and attractiveness, finding that both the reduction of malodour and the addition of fragrance appear to be important for confidence as rated by others in the environment. The final study presented in the thesis examines a hitherto un-investigated role of olfaction during human pregnancy. The rationale for the study is based on evidence suggesting that in certain non-human species, which also show bi-parental care of offspring, there may be a role for chemical, or odour based, communication which underpins behavioural and endocrinological changes related to infant care behaviours in males. The study found little evidence to support the presence of analogous olfactory signalling during human pregnancy, though the findings are discussed in light of methodological changes which, if made in future studies, may result in different outcomes. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the importance of continuing to investigate various forms of olfactory communication, as well as improving our understanding of odours through the mapping of their perceptual qualities, and finally further examining the ways in which various fragranced products, which are widely used in society, may affect all of this. Future directions for this area of research are discussed. This line of investigation will, I argue, enable us to finally establish the true role of olfaction in contemporary social environments.
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(7041968), Kelie C. Yoho. "Necrophilous Insect Attraction to Cadaveric Volatile Organic Compounds." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Though it is well established that insects are attracted to decomposing vertebrates, little is known about the mechanism of attraction. Olfaction is thought to be the primary sense involved in resource location by necrophilous insects, and several studies have attempted to identify cadaveric-produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to insect attraction. This previous research has been completed almost exclusively in lab settings, with no field studies to verify these findings.
The goal of my thesis was to test necrophilous insect attraction to nine cadaveric VOCs (1-butanol, 1-pentanol, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethanol, cyclohexanone, acetamide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide) in a field setting. Pitfall traps at six research locations were baited with the chemicals for one week. Specimens collected from the traps were identified and species assemblages were compared to those of a pig carcass. Replicates were conducted in fall 2018 and spring 2019.
Two chemicals were identified as important attractants for a variety of necrophilous insects: dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide. These chemicals were especially attractive to Phormia regina, a blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) found worldwide. VOC insect communities did not include all of the insects found on carcasses, possibly indicating the necessity of chemical blends for effective attraction. This study is only the second study to test necrophilous insect attraction in a field setting.
Book chapters on the topic "Attractif olfactif"
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Uhl, Gabriele. "Spider Olfaction: Attracting, Detecting, Luring and Avoiding." In Spider Ecophysiology, 141–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33989-9_11.
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Geier, Martin, Hinrich Sass, and Jürgen Boeckh. "A Search for Components in Human Body Odour that Attract Females of Aedes Aegypti." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 200 - Olfaction in Mosquito-Host Interactions, 132–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470514948.ch11.
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Sachse, Silke, and Bill S. Hansson. "Research Spotlight: Olfactory Coding In Drosophila Melanogaster." In Structure and Evolution of Invertebrate Nervous Systems, 640–45. Oxford University PressOxford, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682201.003.0048.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The chemical senses—taste and smell—are the oldest animal senses. They are characterized by a multidimensional and diverse stimulus space, consisting of many molecules that cannot be classified along any narrow set of dimensions. In the case of the olfactory system, animals detect low molecular weight volatile chemicals (i.e. odorants) with the help of specialized olfactory sensory neurons that express one or a few ligand-binding odorant receptor proteins. Animals cope with the problem of recognizing an extremely large number of different odorants by programming a very large number of functionally different olfactory neurons. Odours activate these neurons and generate characteristic activity patterns across the neuron population, which are relayed to second-order olfactory neurons. The entire available raw information about the animal’s olfactory environment is present in these patterns; however, olfactory information is further processed before it is relayed to higher-order brain centres. Drosophila melanogaster provides an attractive model organism for studying olfaction, as it allows genetic, molecular, and physiological analyses. In recent years, immense progress has been achieved in understanding the olfactory neuronal circuits that underlie the coding and processing of odours in Drosophila. Here, the chapter reviews our present state of knowledge regarding the anatomical architecture of the fly’s olfactory system as well as giving recent insights into the coding strategies of the different neuronal populations involved.