Relevant bibliographies by topics / Attentive Mechanisms

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Attentive Mechanisms'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Attentive Mechanisms"

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Spekreijse, Henk. "Pre-attentive and attentive mechanisms in vision." Vision Research 40, no. 10-12 (June 2000): 1179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00060-2.

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Yin, Wenpeng, and Hinrich Schütze. "Attentive Convolution: Equipping CNNs with RNN-style Attention Mechanisms." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 6 (December 2018): 687–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00249.

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In NLP, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have benefited less than recurrent neural networks (RNNs) from attention mechanisms. We hypothesize that this is because the attention in CNNs has been mainly implemented as attentive pooling (i.e., it is applied to pooling) rather than as attentive convolution (i.e., it is integrated into convolution). Convolution is the differentiator of CNNs in that it can powerfully model the higher-level representation of a word by taking into account its local fixed-size context in the input text t x. In this work, we propose an attentive convolution network, ATTCONV. It extends the context scope of the convolution operation, deriving higher-level features for a word not only from local context, but also from information extracted from nonlocal context by the attention mechanism commonly used in RNNs. This nonlocal context can come (i) from parts of the input text t x that are distant or (ii) from extra (i.e., external) contexts t y. Experiments on sentence modeling with zero-context (sentiment analysis), single-context (textual entailment) and multiple-context (claim verification) demonstrate the effectiveness of ATTCONV in sentence representation learning with the incorporation of context. In particular, attentive convolution outperforms attentive pooling and is a strong competitor to popular attentive RNNs. 1
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Von Grünau, M. W. "Attentive mechanisms in visual search." Spatial Vision 17, no. 4 (2004): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568568041920177.

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Tervaniemi, Mari. "215 Pre-attentive and attentive brain mechanisms of complex-sound perception." International Journal of Psychophysiology 30, no. 1-2 (September 1998): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(98)90215-x.

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Jaaskelainen, Iiro P., Giorgio Bonmassar, Hennifer Melcher, Steve Stufflebeam, Monica Hawley, Patrick May, Lawrence Wald, Hannu Tiitinen, and John W. Belliveau. "Cortical mechanisms of pre-attentive auditory “Gating”." NeuroImage 13, no. 6 (June 2001): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)91664-7.

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Milanese, Ruggero. "Attentive mechanisms for dynamic and static scene analysis." Optical Engineering 34, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.205668.

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YU, YUANLONG, GEORGE K. I. MANN, and RAYMOND G. GOSINE. "A SINGLE-OBJECT TRACKING METHOD FOR ROBOTS USING OBJECT-BASED VISUAL ATTENTION." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 09, no. 04 (December 2012): 1250030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843612500302.

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It is a quite challenging problem for robots to track the target in complex environment due to appearance changes of the target and background, large variation of motion, partial and full occlusion, motion of the camera and so on. However, humans are capable to cope with these difficulties by using their cognitive capability, mainly including the visual attention and learning mechanisms. This paper therefore presents a single-object tracking method for robots based on the object-based attention mechanism. This tracking method consists of four modules: pre-attentive segmentation, top-down attentional selection, post-attentive processing and online learning of the target model. The pre-attentive segmentation module first divides the scene into uniform proto-objects. Then the top-down attention module selects one proto-object over the predicted region by using a discriminative feature of the target. The post-attentive processing module then validates the attended proto-object. If it is confirmed to be the target, it is used to obtain the complete target region. Otherwise, the recovery mechanism is automatically triggered to globally search for the target. Given the complete target region, the online learning algorithm autonomously updates the target model, which consists of appearance and saliency components. The saliency component is used to automatically select a discriminative feature for top-down attention, while the appearance component is used for bias estimation in the top-down attention module and validation in the post-attentive processing module. Experiments have shown that this proposed method outperforms other algorithms without using attention for tracking a single target in cluttered and dynamically changing environment.
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Himabindu, Dakshayani D., and Praveen S. Kumar. "A Streamlined Attention Mechanism for Image Classification and Fine-Grained Visual Recognition." MENDEL 27, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/mendel.2021.2.059.

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In the recent advancements attention mechanism in deep learning had played a vital role in proving better results in tasks under computer vision. There exists multiple kinds of works under attention mechanism which includes under image classification, fine-grained visual recognition, image captioning, video captioning, object detection and recognition tasks. Global and local attention are the two attention based mechanisms which helps in interpreting the attentive partial. Considering this criteria, there exists channel and spatial attention where in channel attention considers the most attentive channel among the produced block of channels and spatial attention considers which region among the space needs to be focused on. We have proposed a streamlined attention block module which helps in enhancing the feature based learning with less number of additional layers i.e., a GAP layer followed by a linear layer with an incorporation of second order pooling(GSoP) after every layer in the utilized encoder. This mechanism has produced better range dependencies by the conducted experimentation. We have experimented our model on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and FGVC-Aircrafts datasets considering finegrained visual recognition. We were successful in achieving state-of-the-result for FGVC-Aircrafts with an accuracy of 97%.
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Kalaska, John F. "Central Neural Mechanisms of Touch and Proprioception." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-078.

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The argument is made that somesthesia is not a strictly passive process, and its central neuronal mechanisms cannot be studied in all their complexity and subtlety by applying passive stimuli to uninterested or unconscious animals. The case is clear for kinesthesia. Peripheral proprioceptive signals are altered by active muscle contractions, and the central mechanisms of kinesthetic sensations should be studied during active movements. A similar case can be made for tactile discrimination. Ascending tactile afferents are subject to modulation during movement. Moreover, the generation of a central neural representation of the mechanical stimulus is only part of the tactile perceptual process. It is also influenced by the behavioral, attentive, and motivational state of the animal, whose effects can only be revealed in awake animals actively participating in discrimination tasks.Key words: tactile discrimination, proprioception, gating, attention, active touch.
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Liu, Yichu, Haifeng Hu, and Dihu Chen. "Attentive Part-Based Alignment Network for Vehicle Re-Identification." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101617.

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Vehicle Re-identification (Re-ID) has become a research hotspot along with the rapid development of video surveillance. Attention mechanisms are utilized in vehicle Re-ID networks but often miss the attention alignment across views. In this paper, we propose a novel Attentive Part-based Alignment Network (APANet) to learn robust, diverse, and discriminative features for vehicle Re-ID. To be specific, in order to enhance the discrimination of part features, two part-level alignment mechanisms are proposed in APANet, consisting of Part-level Orthogonality Loss (POL) and Part-level Attention Alignment Loss (PAAL). Furthermore, POL aims to maximize the diversity of part features via an orthogonal penalty among parts whilst PAAL learns view-invariant features by means of realizing attention alignment in a part-level fashion. Moreover, we propose a Multi-receptive-field Attention (MA) module to adopt an efficient and cost-effective pyramid structure. The pyramid structure is capable of employing more fine-grained and heterogeneous-scale spatial attention information through multi-receptive-field streams. In addition, the improved TriHard loss and Inter-group Feature Centroid Loss (IFCL) function are utilized to optimize both the inter-group and intra-group distance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our model over multiple existing state-of-the-art approaches on two popular vehicle Re-ID benchmarks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attentive Mechanisms"

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PROIETTI, VALENTINA MARIA. "How early and later-acquired experience affects the age bias in face recognition: an exploration of age-of-acquisition effects." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/75273.

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In this doctoral dissertation I present some of the studies conducted during my PhD aimed to investigate how face processing abilities develop across the lifespan and how the face representation system adapts to reflect each individual's social experience. As adults we are expert at processing faces; nevertheless our ability is greater for some categories of faces than for others, giving rise to recognition biases based on social dimensions such as species, race and age. These biases have been interpreted as a result of the interaction between individual motivation and perceptual experience provided by social environment, which work together in affecting the way we encode, process and mentally represent faces. The studies presented in this dissertation focused on the age bias that is the variability in face recognition abilities determined by the relation between the age of the observer and the age of the perceived face. Specifically I will discuss recent evidence suggesting the presence of a processing advantage for adult versus non-adult faces in the lifespan (from infancy to old age) and I will provide novel evidence on how the time of acquisition modulates the effects of individual experience with non –adult faces on this perceptual advantage for adult faces across the life-span. In Chapter 1 I will investigate the short- and long-term effects of early-acquired experience with a child or an infant face provided by the presence of a younger or older sibling in our participants’ family household. Study 1 and Study 2 investigated the behavioral and the neural correlates of the perceptual tuning towards adult faces and its modulation as a consequence of sibling experience, within the first year of life. These two studies show that early-acquired experience has a critical role in the emergence of neurocognitive specialization for adult faces. Study 3 provides evidence on the long-lasting effects of this early acquired experience in interaction with later-acquired experience during adulthood: recognition ability for adult and infant faces was tested in first-time mothers who were or were not exposed to sibling experience in their first years of life. Results show that experience acquired early in life has a greater impact than the one acquired later in life, as only mothers with a younger sibling were able to bootstrap perceptual learning of infant faces from exposure to their own child. These findings suggest that early-acquired experience has continuous effects into adulthood, as it preserves the system from the loss of plasticity that would otherwise take place. In Chapter 2 I will investigate the extent to which face representation system remains plastic during adulthood and old age. Results show that professional experience with older adult individuals in adulthood and social experience with peers in old age reduce the magnitude of the recognition advantage for adult faces suggesting that experience with multiple individuals is capable to modulate face processing abilities even in adulthood and old age. Lastly Study 6 investigated how face age affects the deployment of selective visual attention and whether this effect is modulated by professional experience with non-adult faces acquired later in development. Findings provided by this last work extend the few existing evidence on the impact of face dimensions, such as age and race, on visual attention and yielded novel insights into the differential mechanisms underlying the age and the race bias. Overall these studies confirmed the plasticity of the face representational system which constantly adapts to reflect the individual’s current social and perceptual experience across the whole lifespan from infancy up to old age.
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Fitzgerald, Marilyn. "Are attention bias and interpretation bias reflections of a single common mechanism or multiple independent mechanisms?" University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0052.

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There is abundant evidence of anxiety-linked threat-biased attention and anxiety-linked threat-biased interpretation (cf. Mathews & MacLeod, 1994, 2005). The present research aimed to determine whether these cognitive biases reflect a single common underlying mechanism (the Common Mechanism Account) or multiple independent underlying mechanisms (the Independent Mechanisms Account). To address this question, a battery of eight experimental tasks was developed; four tasks measured attention bias and four measured interpretation bias. Participants with different levels of trait anxiety, completed pairs of these tasks. The pattern of associations amongst all eight tasks was compared with the pattern of associations between the four tasks that measured attention bias and the pattern of associations between the four tasks that measured interpretation bias. Both Accounts predicted strong associations between the four tasks that measured attention bias, and between the four tasks that measured interpretation bias. However, the Common Mechanism Account predicted generally strong associations between all of the eight tasks, that were equivalent in strength to the associations between tasks measuring attention bias and to the associations between tasks measuring interpretation bias. In contrast, the Independent Mechanisms Account predicted weaker associations between all of the eight tasks than the associations either between the tasks measuring attention bias or between the tasks measuring interpretation bias. The obtained pattern of associations between internally reliable measures of anxiety-linked attention bias and anxiety-linked interpretation bias failed to support the Common Mechanism Account, but rather was consistent with the predictions of the Independent Mechanisms Account. Theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.
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Kerr, John H. "Arousal mechanisms, attention and sports performance." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10947/.

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This thesis is concerned with the relationship between arousal mechanisms, attentional processes and competitive sports performance. Theoretical interpretations of the arousal-performance relationship have traditionally followed the inverted-U hypothesis. Based on this approach, the generally accepted view in sports psychology is that high levels of arousal are detrimental to good performance. A review of the relevant psychological literature reveals the limited nature of such an approach and draws attention to alternative perspectives such as those offered by the work of Apter and that of Cox and Mackay. These more recent theoretical approaches allow more sophisticated interpretations of the individual's experience of arousal to be realised. Important here are other aspects of the individual's psychological state (cognition and emotion) as these are thought to affect his or her interpretation of arousal. Interestingly, the two theories, developed independently by Apter and by Cox and Mackay, appear consistent, one with the other, and have not previously been applied to the study of competitive sport. Several different research techniques were incorporated into a research design which used squash players of varying levels of ability to examine the various psychological factors important in their experience of and performance in competitive squash. The research techniques, some of which were innovative, proved effective indentifying the interaction of arousal and stress in relation to competitive performance. It was concluded that psychological preparation and experience (i.e. number of years, number of times per week played), along with personality characteristics and attentional strategies, contribute to success in competitive squash. Fluctuations in emotional responses characterised players whose performance was unsuccessful. By way of contrast, successful players' (i.e. successful in terms of level of ability attained, skill performance and winning games) psychological responses were more consistent. They achieved and maintained high levels of arousal both prior to and during performance. High arousal was, for successful players, accompanied by low stress and positive hedonic tone when they were subject to the demands of competitive squash games. Overall, successful players (that is skilled players in Study 2 and winners from Study 3) were highly extravert and significantly less neurotic (Eysenck) than other groups of players. Telic dominance was not a discriminating characteristic in this investigation, but successful players' attentional styles were significantly different, as defined by Nideffer's BIT and INFP subscales, to those styles or strategies employed by less capable players. Successful players generally employed psychological preparation strategies prior to and during play to a greater extent than other players. When doing so, they were more concerned with cognitive strategies, in the form of focussing and planning, than arousal modulation strategies. The present research investigation advanced knowledge about the processes involved in competitive sports, providing new and relevant information. As a result, a number of suggestions for squash coaching and player development, along with implications for cognitive intervention with sports performers, have emerged.
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Gama, Nuno. "Mechanisms of multisensory integration and attention." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40400/.

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Spatial attention is an essential mechanism that helps us perceive our surroundings by bringing into consciousness environmental occurrences or objects that may be of importance. Studies of spatial attention have classically recorded behavioural responses to targets presented in a region of space where attention had previously been allocated to. Such investigations show a behavioural facilitation at the same location due to cueing, but less in known about the effects of shifts of attention when the cued location is not the location of interest. This thesis presents seven experiments aimed at investigating this by implementing and revising the attentional repulsion effect (ARE). The ARE is a perceptual localisation error when attention is diverted from the region of interest and it has been extensively studied in the visual domain, however, the rising number of ARE studies has created numerous research methodologies used to evoke the effect, which may have led to isolated reports. This thesis attempts to combine past methodologies with a new approach to quantify the effect, and will address some methodological differences evident in the literature, in order to optimise the stimulus paradigms and maximise the effect. The results show that a robust ARE can be elicited in the visual modality, but the same is not observed in the auditory modality. Furthermore, when using cues that are of different modality than the targets, the ARE is only observed in the visual target modality. Using visual cues and auditory targets will produce an attraction effect, in line with the ventriloquism theory. However, the implementation of interstimuli intervals up to 1.5 seconds would be enough to disrupt the ventriloquism illusion, but it did not alter the resulted attraction. Lastly, one question regarding the role of attention in sensory adaptation was addressed. I hypothesise that sensory adaptation could be further a contributor to the ARE given that most psychophysics paradigms of the ARE repeat the same stimuli thousands of times, uninterruptedly. The results are inconclusive mainly due to experimental design. All results are discussed in relation with theories of spatial and multimodal attention.
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Owen, Adrian Mark. "Fronto-striatal mechanisms in planning and attention." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302625.

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Gontrum, Johannes. "Attention Mechanisms for Transition-based Dependency Parsing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395491.

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Transition-based dependency parsing is known to compute the syntactic structure of a sentence efficiently, but is less accurate to predict long-distance relations between tokens as it lacks global information about the sentence. Our main contribution is the integration of attention mechanisms to replace the static token selection with a dynamic approach that takes the complete sequence into account. Though our experiments confirm that our approach fundamentally works, our models do not outperform the baseline parser. We further present a line of follow-up experiments to investigate these results. Our main conclusion is that the BiLSTM of the traditional parser is already powerful enough to encode the required global information into each token, eliminating the need for an attention-driven approach. Our secondary results indicate that the attention models require a neural network with a higher capacity to potentially extract more latent information from the word embeddings and the LSTM than the traditional parser. We further show that positional encodings are not useful for our attention models, though BERT-style positional embeddings slightly improve the results. Finally, we experiment with replacing the LSTM with a Transformer-encoder to test the impact of self-attention. The results are disappointing, though we think that more future research should be dedicated to this. For our work, we implement a UUParser-inspired dependency parser from scratch in PyTorch and extend it with, among other things, full GPU support and mini-batch processing. We publish the code under a permissive open source license at https://github.com/jgontrum/parseridge.
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Kennett, Steffan Anthony. "Links in spatial attention between touch and vision." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343623.

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Santangelo, Valerio. "Multimodal investigation on spatial attention mechanisms: a model of shared attention resources (ShAR)." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917227.

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Tattersall, A. J. "Divided attention and the structure of temporary memory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382717.

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Paltoglou, Aspasia Eleni. "Mechanisms of spatial and non-spatial auditory selective attention." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10697/.

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Selective attention is a crucial function that encompasses all perceptual modalities and which enables us to focus on the behaviorally relevant information and ignore the rest. The main goal of the thesis is to test well-established hypotheses about the mechanisms of visual selective attention in the auditory domain using behavioral and neuroimaging methods. Two fMRI studies (Experiments 1 and 2) test the hypothesis of feature-specific attentional enhancement. This hypothesis states that when attending to an object or a feature, there should be an enhancement of the response in the sensory region that is sensitive to that object or feature. Experiment 1 investigated feature-specific attentional modulation mainly within the tonotopic fields around primary auditory cortex. Experiment 2 investigated feature-specific attentional modulation mainly around non-primary auditory cortex, when attending to frequency modulation or motion of the same auditory object. Experiment 1 showed evidence for feature-specific enhancement, while Experiment 2 did not. The role of competition among concurrent auditory objects as a necessary factor in driving feature-specific enhancement is discussed. A second hypothesis from vision research is that spatial perception and attention is much more precise in the centre than in the periphery. Experiment 3 used a masking release paradigm to investigate whether the acuity of auditory spatial attention was similarly increased in the midline. Although location discrimination of sounds segregated by inter-aural time differences was more precise at the midline than at the periphery, spatial attention was not. Therefore for this task at least there was no effect of eccentricity on auditory spatial attention. The results of these three studies are discussed in view of selective attention as a flexible process that operates in different ways according to the specifics of the task.
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Books on the topic "Attentive Mechanisms"

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Cantoni, Virginio, Maria Marinaro, and Alfredo Petrosino, eds. Visual Attention Mechanisms. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4.

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V, Cantoni, Marinaro M, and Petrosino Alfredo, eds. Visual attention mechanisms. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002.

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Cantoni, V. Visual Attention Mechanisms. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002.

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Sabine, Maasen, ed. Mechanisms of visual attention: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press, 1998.

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Baruni, Jalal Kenji. Mechanisms of attention in visual cortex and the amygdala. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2016.

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1939-, Pfaff Donald W., and Kieffer Brigitte L, eds. Molecular and biophysical mechanisms of arousal, alertness, and attention. Boston, Mass: Published by Blackwell Pub. on behalf of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008.

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International, Symposium on Attention and Performance (19th 2000 Kloster Irsee Germany). Common mechanisms in perception and action: Attention and Performance XIX. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Joseph, Jordan. Brain mechanisms, attention-deficit, and related mental disorders: A clinical and theoretical assessment of attention-deficit. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A: C.C. Thomas, 1992.

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L, Carstensen Laura, and Neale John M. 1943-, eds. Mechanisms of psychological influence on physical health: With special attention to the elderly. New York: Plenum Press, 1989.

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Samovich, Yuliya, and Ramil Sharifullin. International protection of human rights: universal mechanisms. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02042-5.

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The tutorial examines the universal mechanism for the international protection of individual rights, in particular the United Nations system and treaty bodies. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the effectiveness of the international control mechanism and proposals for its improvement. The content will allow students to both independently fill in the missed material and get acquainted with additional. The manual is recommended for students in the direction 40.04.01 "Jurisprudence" (magistracy), graduate students, specialty students.
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Book chapters on the topic "Attentive Mechanisms"

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Garibotto, Giovanni. "Alerting Mechanisms in Attentive Vision Systems." In Human and Machine Perception 2, 99–105. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4809-6_10.

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Chella, A., M. Frixione, and S. Gaglio. "Knowledge representation for robotic vision based on conceptual spaces and attentive mechanisms." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 279–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60437-5_28.

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Piastra, Marco. "Fuzzy Engagement Mechanisms." In Visual Attention Mechanisms, 101–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4_10.

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Petrosino, Alfredo. "Attentional Pyramidal Neural Mechanisms." In Visual Attention Mechanisms, 267–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4_24.

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Yantis, Steven. "Neural Mechanisms of Attentional Control." In Visual Attention Mechanisms, 145–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4_14.

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Marzi, Carlo A. "Visual Attention And the Parallel Visual Pathways." In Visual Attention Mechanisms, 1–6. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4_1.

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Li, Zhaoping. "Saliency And Figure-Ground Effects." In Visual Attention Mechanisms, 115–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4_11.

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Yantis, Steven. "Stimulus-Driven and Goal-Directed Attentional Control." In Visual Attention Mechanisms, 125–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4_12.

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Zambarbieri, Daniela, Carlo Robino, and Stefano Ramat. "Eye Movement Analysis During Visual Exploration of Graphical Interfaces." In Visual Attention Mechanisms, 135–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4_13.

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Di Gesù, Vito. "Symmetry in Computer Vision." In Visual Attention Mechanisms, 155–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0111-4_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Attentive Mechanisms"

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Lee, Eugene, Cheng-Han Huang, and Chen-Yi Lee. "Few-Shot and Continual Learning with Attentive Independent Mechanisms." In 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00932.

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Lin, Yuetan, Zhangyang Pang, Donghui Wang, and Yueting Zhuang. "Feature Enhancement in Attention for Visual Question Answering." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/586.

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Attention mechanism has been an indispensable part of Visual Question Answering (VQA) models, due to the importance of its selective ability on image regions and/or question words. However, attention mechanism in almost all the VQA models takes as input the image visual and question textual features, which stem from different sources and between which there exists essential semantic gap. In order to further improve the accuracy of correlation between region and question in attention, we focus on region representation and propose the idea of feature enhancement, which includes three aspects. (1) We propose to leverage region semantic representation which is more consistent with the question representation. (2) We enrich the region representation using features from multiple hierarchies and (3) we refine the semantic representation for richer information. With these three incremental feature enhancement mechanisms, we improve the region representation and achieve better attentive effect and VQA performance. We conduct extensive experiments on the largest VQA v2.0 benchmark dataset and achieve competitive results without additional training data, and prove the effectiveness of our proposed feature-enhanced attention by visual demonstrations.
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Guo, Lei, Li Tang, Tong Chen, Lei Zhu, Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen, and Hongzhi Yin. "DA-GCN: A Domain-aware Attentive Graph Convolution Network for Shared-account Cross-domain Sequential Recommendation." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/342.

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Shared-account Cross-domain Sequential Recommendation (SCSR) is the task of recommending the next item based on a sequence of recorded user behaviors, where multiple users share a single account, and their behaviours are available in multiple domains. Existing work on solving SCSR mainly relies on mining sequential patterns via RNN-based models, which are not expressive enough to capture the relationships among multiple entities. Moreover, all existing algorithms try to bridge two domains via knowledge transfer in the latent space, and the explicit cross-domain graph structure is unexploited. In this work, we propose a novel graph-based solution, namely DA-GCN, to address the above challenges. Specifically, we first link users and items in each domain as a graph. Then, we devise a domain-aware graph convolution network to learn user-specific node representations. To fully account for users' domain-specific preferences on items, two novel attention mechanisms are further developed to selectively guide the message passing process. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of our DA-GCN method.
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Xu, Yichong, Chenguang Zhu, Shuohang Wang, Siqi Sun, Hao Cheng, Xiaodong Liu, Jianfeng Gao, Pengcheng He, Michael Zeng, and Xuedong Huang. "Human Parity on CommonsenseQA: Augmenting Self-Attention with External Attention." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/383.

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Most of today's AI systems focus on using self-attention mechanisms and transformer architectures on large amounts of diverse data to achieve impressive performance gains. In this paper, we propose to augment the transformer architecture with an external attention mechanism to bring external knowledge and context to bear. By integrating external information into the prediction process, we hope to reduce the need for ever-larger models and increase the democratization of AI systems. We find that the proposed external attention mechanism can significantly improve the performance of existing AI systems, allowing practitioners to easily customize foundation AI models to many diverse downstream applications. In particular, we focus on the task of Commonsense Reasoning, demonstrating that the proposed external attention mechanism can augment existing transformer models and significantly improve the model's reasoning capabilities. The proposed system, Knowledgeable External Attention for commonsense Reasoning (KEAR), reaches human parity on the open CommonsenseQA research benchmark with an accuracy of 89.4% in comparison to the human accuracy of 88.9%.
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Zheyuan, Wang, Mao Yingchi, Shuai Zhang, Yong Qian, Zhang Zeyu, and Chen Zhihao. "Scale Attention Mechanism." In 2022 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Big Data Computing Service and Applications (BigDataService). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdataservice55688.2022.00031.

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Zhang, Chenglong, Shuyong Gao, Haofen Wang, and Wenqiang Zhang. "Position-aware Joint Entity and Relation Extraction with Attention Mechanism." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/624.

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Named entity recognition and relation extraction are two important core subtasks of information extraction, which aim to identify named entities and extract relations between them. In recent years, span representation methods have received a lot of attention and are widely used to extract entities and corresponding relations from plain texts. Most recent works focus on how to obtain better span representations from pre-trained encoders, but ignore the negative impact of a large number of span candidates on slowing down the model performance. In our work, we propose a joint entity and relation extraction model with an attention mechanism and position-attentive markers. The attention score of each candidate span is calculated, and most of the candidate spans with low attention scores are pruned before being fed into the span classifier, thus achieving the goal of removing the most irrelevant spans. At the same time, in order to explore whether the position information can improve the performance of the model, we add position-attentive markers to the model. The experimental results show that our model is effective. With the same pre-trained encoder, our model achieves the new state-of-the-art on standard benchmarks (ACE05, CoNLL04 and SciERC), obtaining a 4.7%-17.8% absolute improvement in relation F1.
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Farinhas, Antonio, Andre F. T. Martins, and Pedro M. Q. Aguiar. "Multimodal Continuous Visual Attention Mechanisms." In 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccvw54120.2021.00122.

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Shanthamallu, Uday Shankar, Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan, and Andreas Spanias. "A Regularized Attention Mechanism for Graph Attention Networks." In ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9054363.

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Yu, Bowen, Zhenyu Zhang, Tingwen Liu, Bin Wang, Sujian Li, and Quangang Li. "Beyond Word Attention: Using Segment Attention in Neural Relation Extraction." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/750.

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Relation extraction studies the issue of predicting semantic relations between pairs of entities in sentences. Attention mechanisms are often used in this task to alleviate the inner-sentence noise by performing soft selections of words independently. Based on the observation that information pertinent to relations is usually contained within segments (continuous words in a sentence), it is possible to make use of this phenomenon for better extraction. In this paper, we aim to incorporate such segment information into neural relation extractor. Our approach views the attention mechanism as linear-chain conditional random fields over a set of latent variables whose edges encode the desired structure, and regards attention weight as the marginal distribution of each word being selected as a part of the relational expression. Experimental results show that our method can attend to continuous relational expressions without explicit annotations, and achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the large-scale TACRED dataset.
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Lian, Zheng, Jianhua Tao, Bin Liu, and Jian Huang. "Conversational Emotion Analysis via Attention Mechanisms." In Interspeech 2019. ISCA: ISCA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2019-1577.

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Reports on the topic "Attentive Mechanisms"

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Olton, David S., Kevin Pang, and Howard Egeth. Neural Mechanisms of Attention. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266315.

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Olton, David, Howard Egeth, and Kevin Pang. Neural Mechanisms of Attention. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada216478.

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Shulman, Gordon L. Relating Attention to Visual Mechanisms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada206452.

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Woldorff, M. G. Brain Attention Mechanisms in Perception and Performance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422630.

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Chapin, John K. Cortical Mechanisms of Attention, Discrimination, and Motor Response to Somaesthetic Stimuli. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada247228.

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Shulman, Gordon L., and Michael I. Posner. Relating Sensitivity and Criterion Effects to the Internal Mechanisms of Visual Spatial Attention. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada197088.

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Synchak, Bohdan. Freedom of choice and freedom of action in the Ukrainian media. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11400.

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The article talks about the philosophical foundations that characterize the mechanism of internal inducement to action. As an academic, constitutional, and socio-ideological concept, the boundaries of freedom are outlined, which are displayed in the field of modern media space. The term «freedom» is considered as several philosophical concepts that formed the basis of the modern interpretation of this concept. The totality of its meanings is generalized into one that is adapted for the modern system. Parallels are drawn between the interaction of the concept of user freedom with the plane of domestic mass media because despite, the fact that consciousness is knowledge, the incoming information directly affects the individual and collective consciousness. Using the example of the most popular digital platforms, the components of the impact on users and the legal aspect of their implementation are analyzed. When considering the issues of freedom of choice and freedom of action on the Internet, special attention is paid to methods of collecting and processing information, in particular, the limitations and possibilities of digital programs-algorithms of the popular search engine Google. The types of personal information collected by Google about the user are classified and the possible mechanisms of influence on personal choice and access to information on the Internet are characterized. The article analyzes the constitutional guarantees of freedom and the impact of digital technologies on them. Particular attention is paid to ethics, in particular journalistic, which nominally regulates the limits of the humane, permissible, a / moral (unacceptable/acceptable) in the implementation of professional information activities in the media. Thus, the issue of freedom of choice and freedom of action in the plane of domestic mass media is subject to an objective examination of its components, they are analyzed for a proper constitutionally suitable phenomenon, which must be investigated from the point of view of compliance with human rights and freedoms and professional standards within the media.
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Ardanaz, Martín, Eduardo A. Cavallo, and Alejandro Izquierdo. Fiscal Rules: Challenges and Reform Opportunities for Emerging Markets. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004671.

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Fiscal rules have gained popularity as tools to strengthen debt sustainability by constraining policy discretion. However, their track record in the case of emerging markets is mixed, as setting up a fiscal rule has been no guarantee of debt stabilization. International experience and empirical evidence regarding the working of fiscal rules suggest that paying attention to the quality of rule design, the mechanisms behind better compliance, forward guidance on return to the rule, and the impacts on different dimensions of public finances (particularly spending composition) is key to enhancing fiscal rule performance. In addition, fiscal rules should be complemented with credible medium-term fiscal frameworks and independent fiscal councils that together set relevant policy anchors to support effectively the goal of safeguarding fiscal sustainability.
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Rizzo, Tesalia. Shaping political trust through participatory governance in Lat in America. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003601.

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This paper critically assesses research that examines the link between participatory institutions and political trust in the context of developing countries, with a focus on Latin America. A significant limitation in the systematic accumulation of knowledge in this field is inattention to identifying a clear causal chain through which citizen participation shapes political, economic, and attitudinal outcomes such as political trust. This is particularly important in the Latin American case where constitutionally stated objectives of participatory governance include the improvement of citizen welfare as well as strengthening of political trust in public institutions. Future work should concentrate in providing clear and testable models of the complex relationship between participatory mechanisms, policy, governance, and trust, with particular attention to what mediates and moderates this relationship. Additionally, empirical work done of the Latin America case should move away from a predominantly case-study based and macro-level perspective in the study of participatory institutions to micro-level studies from the citizens point of view. A new frontier for the study of participatory governance in Latin America lies in understanding how citizens experiences with and expectations of participatory institutions as well as the policy outcomes delivered by these institutions shape political trust.
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Slater, Rachel. Sustaining Existing Social Protection Programmes During Crises: What Do We Know? How Can We Know More? Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.014.

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Research on social assistance in crisis situations has focused predominantly on how social assistance can flex in response to rapid-onset emergencies such as floods or hurricanes and to slower-onset shocks such as drought. This paper identifies a substantial knowledge gap – namely, our understanding of the ways in which existing, government-led programmes can be sustained during crises to ensure that households that were already poor and vulnerable before a crisis continue to be supported. The limited literature available focuses on climate- and natural environment-related shocks – far less attention is paid to other crises. Conflict-affected situations are a major gap, although there is an emerging body of evidence of the ways in which focus on adapting delivery mechanisms has allowed social assistance and other social protection programmes to be sustained throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper concludes that a better understanding of when, where and how existing programmes can be sustained during situations of violent conflict will help to ensure that poor and vulnerable households can be supported – either through government programmes or by enabling robust diagnosis of when efforts to sustaining existing programmes will be inadequate and an additional, external responses are required.
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