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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Attentional suppression

Academic literature on the topic 'Attentional suppression'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Attentional suppression"

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Carlisle, Nancy, and Aleksander Nitka. "Controlled Attentional Suppression." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.230.

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Kerzel, Dirk, Stanislas Huynh Cong, and Nicolas Burra. "Do we need attentional suppression?" Visual Cognition 29, no. 9 (September 28, 2021): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2021.1918304.

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Caputo, Giovanni, and Sergio Guerra. "Attentional selection by distractor suppression." Vision Research 38, no. 5 (March 1998): 669–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00189-2.

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Geng, Joy J. "Attentional Mechanisms of Distractor Suppression." Current Directions in Psychological Science 23, no. 2 (April 2014): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721414525780.

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Kerzel, Dirk, and Nicolas Burra. "Capture by Context Elements, Not Attentional Suppression of Distractors, Explains the PD with Small Search Displays." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 6 (June 2020): 1170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01535.

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Top–down control of attention allows us to resist attentional capture by salient stimuli that are irrelevant to our current goals. Recently, it was proposed that attentional suppression of salient distractors contributes to top–down control by biasing attention away from the distractor. With small search displays, attentional suppression of salient distractors may even result in reduced RTs on distractor-present trials. In support of attentional suppression, electrophysiological measures revealed a positivity between 200 and 300 msec contralateral to the distractor, which has been referred to as distractor positivity (PD). We reexamined distractor benefits with small search displays and found that the positivity to the distractor was followed by a negativity to the distractor. The negativity, referred to as N2pc, is considered an index of attentional selection of the contralateral element. Thus, attentional suppression of the distractor (PD) preceded attentional capture (N2pc) by the distractor, which is at odds with the idea that attentional suppression avoids attentional capture by the distractor. Instead, we suggest that the initial “PD” is not a positivity to the distractor but rather a negativity (N2pc) to the contralateral context element, suggesting that, initially, the context captured attention. Subsequently, the distractor was selected because, paradoxically, participants searched all lateral target positions (even when irrelevant) before they examined the vertical positions. Consistent with this idea, search times were shorter for lateral than vertical targets. In summary, the early voltage difference in small search displays is unrelated to distractor suppression but may reflect capture by the context.

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Stilwell, Brad T., Howard Egeth, and Nicholas Gaspelin. "Electrophysiological Evidence for the Suppression of Highly Salient Distractors." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 34, no. 5 (March 31, 2022): 787–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01827.

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Abstract There has been a longstanding debate as to whether salient stimuli have the power to involuntarily capture attention. As a potential resolution to this debate, the signal suppression hypothesis proposes that salient items generate a bottom–up signal that automatically attracts attention, but that salient items can be suppressed by top–down mechanisms to prevent attentional capture. Despite much support, the signal suppression hypothesis has been challenged on the grounds that many prior studies may have used color singletons with relatively low salience that are too weak to capture attention. The current study addressed this by using previous methods to study suppression but increased the set size to improve the relative salience of the color singletons. To assess whether salient distractors captured attention, electrophysiological markers of attentional allocation (the N2pc component) and suppression (the PD component) were measured. The results provided no evidence of attentional capture, but instead indicated suppression of the highly salient singleton distractors, as indexed by the PD component. This suppression occurred even though a computational model of saliency confirmed that the color singleton was highly salient. Altogether, this supports the signal suppression hypothesis and is inconsistent with stimulus-driven models of attentional capture.

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Xu, Zhenzhen, Sander A. Los, and Jan Theeuwes. "Attentional suppression in time and space." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 47, no. 8 (August 2021): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000925.

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Moher, Jeff. "Context-driven suppression of attentional capture." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.312.

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Constans, Joseph I., Michael S. McCloskey, Jennifer J. Vasterling, Kevin Brailey, and Andrew Mathews. "Suppression of Attentional Bias in PTSD." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 113, no. 2 (May 2004): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.113.2.315.

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Rees, G. "Attentional suppression in human extrastriate cortex." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3, no. 2 (February 1999): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01287-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attentional suppression"

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Williams, Terrance James. "Source localization of P50 suppression in schizophrenia basic processes and attentional effects /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459916301&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Magnusson, Oscar. "Attentional selection and suppression in non-clinical adults : An event-related potential study." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18727.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests as a developmentally inappropriate pattern of inattention, and hyperactivity or impulsivity. ADHD is a multifactorial disorder with inter alia deficits in selective attention processing. The current diagnosis of ADHD is error-prone as it relies on subjective descriptions and external observations of behavior. Measures that are less reliant on subjective descriptions can enable more accurate and informative diagnoses of ADHD. Wang et al. (2016) have identified two event-related potential (ERP) components, posterior contralateral N2 (N2pc) and distractor positivity (PD) as predictors of ADHD symptom severity in children. N2pc reflects target selection and PD reflects distractor suppression during visual selective attention. The present study aimed to examine how target-evoked N2pc and distractor-evoked PD related to attentional capacity in non-clinical adults. Participants were presented with a visual search paradigm and a self-report scale, the Everyday Life Attention Scale (ELAS). The amplitude of target-evoked N2pc and distractor-evoked PD amplitude was compared to ELAS score in multiple linear regression models. Results displayed that the peak amplitude of target-evoked N2pc was a significant predictor of attentional capacity (as measured with ELAS), while the peak amplitude of distractor-evoked PD was not associated with attentional capacity. Participants with higher attentional capacity (ELAS score) displayed less negative peak amplitudes of target-evoked N2pc. This seems to suggest that target selection, but not distractor suppression in nonclinical adults can predict attentional capacity. However, due to a limited sample size, further research is needed before drawing any major conclusions.

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Bretherton, Paul. "The neural mechanisms of attention : exploring threat-related suppression and enhancement using ERPs." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2016. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-neural-mechanisms-of-attention(87e183ac-3a36-40e6-9c69-91f7c1209e87).html.

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The capacity of the visual system to process information about multiple objects at any given moment in time is limited. This is because not all information can be processed equally or in parallel and subsequently reach consciousness. Previous research has utilized behavioural experiments to explore visual attention. More recently research, however, has used electroencephalography (EEG) to measuring the electrical brain activity in the posterior scalp. By time locking visual stimulus events to fluctuations in scalp activity researchers have been able to estimate the time course of attentional changes by measuring changes in these event-related potentials (ERP). One component in particular (N2pc) has been a reliable tool in measuring either the suppression of, or the shift of attentional to, both ignored and attended items in the visual scene. The N2pc is measured by comparing the ERP activity contralateral and ipsilateral to the visual field of interest. More recently, evidence has been presented that the mechanisms of attention thought to be represented by the N2pc (suppression and attentional selection) could be separated into different ERP components (Pd: indexing attentional suppression of an ignored item; and Nt: indexing attentional selection of the target) and measured independently. In six experiments, using ERPs, this thesis employs these components to explore the mechanisms and strategies of the human attentional system. Additionally, this thesis focuses on the impact of different types of simultaneous processing load on the attentional system and how the mechanisms of this system are influenced. Experiment 1 explores the idea that the type or valence of information to be ignored may influence the ability to suppress it. Results of this experiment 4 show that neither the type nor valence of the irrelevant information modulated the amplitude of the distractor positivity (Pd), indicating suppression of the irrelevant distractor was not altered. Noted in experiment 1 was also the presence of an early negativity (Ne) that appeared to represent attentional capture of the ignored lateral stimulus. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the valence of the lateral target did not alter the target negativity (Nt), indicating a different pattern of results between the Nt and the N2pc reported in previous studies (e.g. Eimer & Kiss, 2007; Feldmann-Wüstefeld et al., 2010). Experiment 2 also showed a similarity of the target negativity (Nt) to the early negativity (Ne; the N2pc like component observed in exp 1) toward face and non-face stimuli. This comparison supported the idea that the early negativity (Ne) reflected attentional capture of the ignored lateral distractor and as a result was relabelled the distractor negativity (Nd) in subsequent experiments. Experiment 3 showed that the salience of the lateral image did not modulate the Pd as should be the case if the Pd reflected sensory-level processing. An early contralateral negativity (similar to the Nd observed in exp 1) was altered by the salience of the distractor which added support to the hypothesis that this reflects attentional capture of the lateral ignored image. Experiment 4 attempted to manipulate working memory (WM) to assess the effect of WM load on attentional capture and suppression. While the results did indicate modulation of suppression under WM load, the limitations of the design of experiment 4 made any definitive interpretation of the results unreliable. The results of experiment 5 showed that suppression, as indexed by the Pd, was not altered by cognitive load. However, reductions in attentional capture under high cognitive load, as indexed by the distractor negativity (Nd), were observed and contradict the results of previous experiments (c.f. Lavie & De Fockert, 2005) 5 where cognitive load resulted in an increase in attentional capture. Although, there appears to be some issue in the authors interpretation of the results of these experiments (see chapter 6 for discussion). The results of Experiment 6 show the opposite effect with a significant increase in the laterality of the Pd under high perceptual load. A similar increase in the laterality of the Pd was not reflected in terms of valence though, where suppression of threat related distractors was not altered under high perceptual load. The hypothesis that an increase in perceptual load will result in a decrease in attentional capture was generally supported by the results of experiment 6. Under high perceptual load angry face distractors captured attention, as indexed by the laterality of the Nd, with neutral face distractors showing a reduction in attentional capture. While under low perceptual load, both angry and neutral face distractors resulted in a significant (and similar) laterality of the Nd. The thesis concludes by discussing issues concerning Lavie’s Load Theory of attention and outlines some potential misinterpretations of previous data that have led to the proposal that cognitive load results in a decrease in attentional resources and therefore a decrease in attentional capture of ignored stimuli. It is argued in this thesis that the results of Lavie and de Fockert (2005), which concluded that the increase in cognitive load resulted in a decrease in attentional capture, are more likely to be due to changes in attentional capture (i.e. a reduction) and changes in RT (i.e. an increase), under cognitive load being separate responses to the availability of resources, one that focusses attention on the goal directed task and the other that results in extended processing time to carry out the more difficult task. In this case both ‘changes’ appear to work to prioritise resources in favour of the goal directed task.

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Nishioka, Tadaaki. "Chemogenetic Suppression of the Subthalamic Nucleus Induces Attentional Deficits and Impulsive Action in a Five-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task in Mice." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259013.

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Seidelman, Will. "THE EFFECT OF PRACTICE ON EYE MOVEMENTS IN THE 1/D PARADIGM." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/151.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that observers may ignore highly salient feature singletons during a conjunction search task through focusing the attentional window (Belopolsky, Zwaan, Theeuwes, & Kramer, 2007), or by the suppression of bottom-up information (Treisman & Sato, 1990). In the current study, observers’ eye movements were monitored while performing a search task in which a feature singleton was present and corresponded with the target at a chance level. With practice, observers were less likely to make an initial saccade toward the singleton item, but initial saccades directed at the target were likely throughout. Results demonstrate that, in an effort to ignore the singleton, observers were more likely to suppress bottom-up information than adjust the size of the attentional window.

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Kovalenko, Lyudmyla. "The temporal interplay of vision and eye movements." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17507.

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Das visuelle System erreicht enorme Verarbeitungsmengen, wenn wir unsere Augen auf ein Objekt richten. Mehrere Prozesse sind aktiv bevor unser Blick das neue Objekt erreicht. Diese Arbeit erforscht die räumlichen und zeitlichen Eigenschaften drei solcher Prozesse: 1. aufmerksamkeitsbedingte Steigerung der neuronalen Aktivität und sakkadische Suppression; 2. aufmerksamkeitsbasierte Auswahl des Zielreizes bei einer visuellen Suchaufgabe; 3. zeitliche Entwicklung der Detektiongenauigkeit bei der Objekt-Substitutionsmaskierung. Wir untersuchten diese Prozesse mit einer Kombination aus humaner Elektroenzephalografie (EEG), eye tracking und psychophysischen Verhaltensmessungen. Zuerst untersuchten wir, wie die neuronale Repräsentation eines Reizes von seiner zeitlichen Nähe zur Sakkade geprägt wird. Wir zeigten, dass direkt vor der Sakkade erscheinende Reize am meisten durch Aufmerksamkeit und Suppression geprägt sind. In Studie 2 wurde die Sichtbarkeit des Reizes mit der Objekt-Substitutionsmaskierung verringert, und wir analysierten das Verhältnis zwischen sakkadischen Reaktionszeiten und ihrer Genauigkeit. Dazu erfassten wir neuronale Marker der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung zum Zielreiz und eine subjektive Bewertung seiner Wahrnehmbarkeit. Wir stellten fest, dass schnelle Sakkaden der Maskierung entgingen und Genauigkeit sowie subjektive Wahrnehmbarkeit erhöhten. Dies zeigt, dass bereits in frühen Verarbeitungsstadien eine bewusste und korrekte Wahrnehmung des Reizes entstehen kann. Wir replizierten diesen Befund für manuelle Antworten, um eine Verfälschung der Ergebnisse durch sakkadenspezifische Prozesse auszuschließen. Neben ihrer theoretischen Bedeutung liefern diese Studien einen methodischen Beitrag zum Forschungsgebiet der EEG-Augenbewegung: Entfernung sakkadischer Artefakte aus dem EEG bzw. Erstellung eines künstlichen Vergleichsdatensatzes. Die Arbeit stellt mehrere Ansätze zur Untersuchung der Dynamik visueller Wahrnehmung sowie Lösungen für zukünftige Studien dar.
The visual system achieves a tremendous amount of processing as soon as we set eyes on a new object. Numerous processes are active already before eyes reach the object. This thesis explores the spatio-temporal properties of three such processes: attentional enhancement and saccadic suppression that accompany saccades to target; attentional selection of target in a visual search task; the timecourse of target detection accuracy under object-substitution masking. We monitored these events using a combination of human electrophysiology (EEG), eye tracking and behavioral psychophysics. We first studied how the neural representation of a visual stimulus is affected by its temporal proximity to saccade onset. We show that stimuli immediately preceding a saccade show strongest effects of attentional enhancement and saccadic suppression. Second, using object-substitution masking to reduce visibility, we analyzed the relationship between saccadic reaction times and response accuracy. We also collected subjective visibility ratings and observed neural markers of attentional selection, such as the negative, posterior-contralateral deflection at 200 ms (N2pc). We found that fast saccades escaped the effects of masking, resulted in higher response accuracy and higher awareness ratings. This indicates that early visual processing can trigger awareness and correct behavior. Finally, we replicated this finding with manual responses. Discovering a similar accuracy timecourse in a different modality ruled out saccade-specific mechanisms, such as saccadic suppression and retinal shift, as a potential confound. Next to their theoretical impact, all studies make a methodological contribution to EEG-eye movement research, such as removal of large-scale saccadic artifacts from EEG data and composition of matched surrogate data. In sum, this work uses multiple approaches to describe the dynamics of visual perisaccadic perception and offers solutions for future studies in this field.

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Daly, Heather R. "Object-based suppression in auditory selective attention: The influence of statistical learning." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu156284796614726.

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Thomas, George. "Evaluating the impact of the 'Paws .b' mindfulness programme on mainstream Primary School aged pupils' suppressing and sustaining attention skills, and their academic proxy measures." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluating-the-impact-of-the-paws-b-mindfulness-programme-on-mainstream-primary-school-aged-pupils-suppressing-and-sustaining-attention-skills-and-their-academic-proxy-measures(1712d5dd-3e0d-4ce7-bcb0-66026081b98f).html.

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Few studies have evaluated the impact of mindfulness programmes on aspects of positive functioning amongst mainstream children and problems in design, sample size, and measurement are commonplace. The present study sought to address this and rigorously evaluate the impact of a 6-hour manualised mindfulness programme called 'Paws .b' on mainstream Primary School aged pupils' suppressing and sustaining attention skills, and their academic proxy measures. Two classes of Year-4 pupils (n = 30), their class teachers (n = 3), and a mindfulnessteacher (n = 1) were recruited from a mixed comprehensive Primary School. A quasi-mixed methods Randomised Control Trial (RCT) design with a quasi-experimentalintervention cross-lag was used. There were four data collection time-points 6- to 8-weeks apart. Pupils and class teachers were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the waitlist control group. Experimental pupils received a 1-hour Paws .b lesson per week for 6-weeks between baseline and Time-1; waitlist control pupils received Paws .b between Time-1 and Time-2. The remaining time-points acted as the 6- to 8-week and 14-week follow-ups. Quantitative data were gathered using teacher-reported and standardised attention measures, and teacher-reported academic proxy measures. Qualitative data were gathered using post-intervention pupil focus groups (FGs) and teacher semi-structured interviews. Within-condition comparisons revealed several significant pre- vs. post-intervention effects within the attention measures, the majority of which were maintained at one or both of the follow-ups, whereby several large estimated effect sizes were noted. Between-condition comparisons revealed a number of significant partial condition × time-point interactions within the attention measures. However, no significant effects were noted within the academic proxy measures. Positive and critically constructive evaluative themes were identified within the qualitative data. Findings were discussed relative to mindfulness and attention literature, and further implications for school implementation and future research were outlined.

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Ossandon, Valdes Tomas. "A prefrontal-temporal network underlying state changes between Stimulus-Driven and Stimulus-Independent Cognition." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726306.

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The brain displays moment-to-moment activity fluctuations that reflect various levels of engagement with the outside world. Processing external stimuli is not only associated with increased brain metabolism but also with prominent deactivation in specific structures, collectively known as the default-mode network (DMN). The role of the DMN remains enigmatic partly because its electrophysiological correlates and temporal dynamics are still poorly understood. Using unprecedented wide-spread depth recordings in epileptic patients, undergoing intracranial EEG during pre-surgical evaluation, we reveal that DMN neural populations display task-related suppressions of gamma (60-140 Hz) power and, critically, we show how millisecond temporal profile and amplitude of gamma deactivation tightly correlate with task demands and subject performance. The results show also that during an attentional task, sustained activations in the gamma band power are presented across large cortical networks, while transient activations are mostly specific to occipital and temporal regions. Our findings reveal a pivotal role for broadband gamma modulations in the interplay between activation and deactivation networks mediating efficient goal-directed behavior

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Han-YuanLai and 賴瀚元. "The effects of Attention on Repetition Suppression in Priming and Recognition Tasks." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h7mvwd.

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碩士
國立成功大學
心理學系認知科學碩士班
103
Repetition suppression (RS) refers to the phenomenon that when seeing repeated stimuli, some brain regions would show decreased neural activations responding to the stimuli. It has been proposed to be the underlying neural mechanism of behavioral priming effect, and it thought to be a perceptual-level and automatic process; therefore, it should exist regardless of task demand or instructions. It has been the basis for developing some tools to study visual systems, such as the fMR-Adaptation method. It has the advantage of overcome some of the limitation of the spatial resolution of fMRI. However, although many studies has found RS using priming paradigms, few has reported RS using recognition memory paradigms, even though they are very similar to each other. One explanation is that repetition suppression is not low-level mechanism. The other one is that RS is automatic, but in a traditional recognition memory task, participants’ attention might be shifted to “finding old/repeated stimuli”. And this may imposed additional attention-related neural activations to the original responses, thus washing out the decreased activations due to RS. Our research examined the latter hypothesis described above. We conducted a priming and three different versions of recognition memory tasks, and then compared their fMRI RS responses to see how attentional manipulations might affect RS. The results generally supported our hypothesis. When participants were required to only respond to the new stimuli, certain brain regions produced greater RS than the traditional or respond-to-old-stimuli-only recognition memory tasks. This finding offered some insights for future research on this topic.

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Books on the topic "Attentional suppression"

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Achkasov, Evgeniy, Andrey Pugaev, Maksim Zabelin, and Vladislav Posudnevskiy. Acute pancreatitis: clinic, diagnosis, treatment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/995531.

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The textbook consistently highlights the issues of anatomy and physiology of the pancreas, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis. Special attention is paid to determining the severity and prognosis of the disease. Modern approaches to treatment taking into account the severity of the disease, features of suppression of secretory activity of the pancreas and the role of nutritional support in the complex treatment of acute pancreatitis are presented. Attention is drawn to the timing of minimally invasive interventions for uninfected and infected postnecrotic fluid formations, as well as methods of surgical treatment in the phase of purulent-necrotic complications of acute pancreatitis. For the first time in the educational edition psychological aspects of rehabilitation of surgical patients are presented. Mastering the material of the textbook is facilitated by test tasks and questions for self-control. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. It is intended for students of medical universities, clinical residents and doctors studying in the system of additional professional education, specialty "Surgery".

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Bocharnikov, Igor'. The Caucasian policy of Russia. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1221629.

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The monograph presents a historical and political analysis of Russia's policy in one of the most important regions of modern human civilization — the Caucasus. The historical framework of the study covers the periods from the X to the XX century. The sources of the Caucasian policy of Russia are revealed, its main stages are analyzed, the most significant achievements, mistakes and lessons are determined. Special attention is paid to the Caucasian wars of Russia, as well as the experience of suppressing anti-Russian and anti-Soviet armed demonstrations in the region. The main directions of building relations between Russia and neighboring states in the region, as well as other subjects of modern international relations, are determined. For a wide range of readers interested in the history of the Caucasus. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and university teachers in the specialty "History".

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Bocharnikov, Igor'. The Caucasus in the History of Russia. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1318777.

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The monograph defines the origins, essence and content of the Caucasian policy of Russia, its main stages, its significance for the development of Russian statehood and the peoples of the region. The monograph pays special attention to the Caucasian wars of Russia, the experience of suppressing anti-Russian and anti-Soviet armed demonstrations in the region. The historical and modern experience of the development of the Caucasus region shows that the weakening of Russia's position in the region naturally leads to an escalation of tension and conflict, aggravation of inter-ethnic contradictions, manifestations of extremism and other forms of destructive activities that threaten the life of citizens and peoples of the Caucasus. As a result, the strength of Russia's position in the Caucasus is a guarantee of the safe and free development of the peoples of the region. The author's conclusions and suggestions presented in the monograph can be used in the process of implementing a balanced and verified policy in order to ensure the national security and interests of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus, building relations with neighboring states in the region, as well as other international actors positioning their involvement in the political processes of the South Caucasus. It is addressed to researchers, teachers, students, a wide range of readers.

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Sytsma, David S. Baxter and the Rise of Mechanical Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274870.003.0002.

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This chapter sets Baxter’s involvement with mechanical philosophy against the backdrop of the growth of mechanical philosophy, with particular attention to the growing interest in Epicurean ideas and the work of Pierre Gassendi. Baxter’s engagement with mechanical philosophy is traced in chronological sequence from the 1650s until his death in 1691. In the course of this narrative, Baxter’s personal relationships to Joseph Glanvill, Robert Boyle, Matthew Hale, and Henry More are surveyed. The context of Baxter’s manuscript and published works relating to mechanical philosophy are also discussed. Matthew Hale appears as a significant figure in the development of Baxter’s philosophical thought, as well as the production of his published works and the suppression from publication of an important manuscript on the nature and immortality of the soul.

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Medforth, Janet, Linda Ball, Angela Walker, Sue Battersby, and Sarah Stables. Artificial feeding. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754787.003.0029.

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Although breastfeeding is the gold standard not all mothers are able or willing to breastfeed their infants. This chapter endeavours to take a balanced view of the issues associated with artificially feeding an infant. It details the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes with which health professionals should comply. It considers suppression of lactation and the nutritional requirements of formula-fed babies. It provides guidelines for the selecting of an appropriate substitute and identifies the types of cow’s milk infant formulas available and their alternatives, including the use of goat milk. The management of formula feeding is detailed, with special attention given to the making up of feeds. Problems and disadvantages associated with formula feeding are explored, as well as the health risks associated with formula feeding.

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Pollock, Linda. The Affective Life in Shakespearean England. Edited by Malcolm Smuts. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660841.013.25.

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Critiquing the amount of scholarly attention paid to the body and to intense, overwhelming feelings, this chapter examines how individuals, mainly the landed ranks, experienced and dealt with affect in daily life and relationships. While scholarship emphasizes suppression and disapproval of passion, this chapter views the management of affect as not only the repression of feelings but also as the encouragement and elicitation of them. It examines the available coping strategies for dealing with strong feelings such as anger or grief. It stresses the interconnections between affect and morality. Affect, judgment and conduct constituted a dynamic interchange in Shakespearean England. Feelings involve judgement and evaluation and are intimately connected to thoughts, norms, and culture. Finally, it points to the importance of the performative nature of affect in this period, concluding that culturally mandated or sanctioned emotions were not necessarily less authentic than spontaneous feelings.

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Mkenda, Festo. Jesuits and Africa. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935420.013.56.

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Jesuits have commanded scholarly attention in recent years, with Jesuit studies almost becoming an independent academic discipline. However, their involvement in Africa remains largely unstudied, even though they were in parts of the continent for close to two centuries. Moreover, after their restoration in 1814, the Jesuits played a significant role in the evangelization of Africa. This essay is an overview of Jesuit presence in Africa over the centuries. While it gives more prominence to the historical missions of the pre-suppression period in Congo, Angola, Mozambique, and Ethiopia, it also covers more recent presence in Madagascar, southern Africa and Egypt, and concludes with a brief analysis of the state of the Society of Jesus in Africa today. The essay underscores the challenge of locating Jesuit records related to Africa and the importance of understanding early missionary efforts on the African continent for the benefit of similar efforts in our time.

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Eifring, Halvor. Spontaneous Thought in Contemplative Traditions. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.30.

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For more than two millennia, contemplative traditions across the Eurasian continent have seen spontaneous thought as a distraction that binds the devout to the phenomenal world, clogs the gateway to fundamental aspects of reality, and is used by demons to tempt the pious away from their prayer or meditation. At the same time, many traditions have believed the fruits of contemplative practice to come about spontaneously, rather than as a result of deliberate effort, and they have treated certain aspects of spontaneous thought as helping the process forward. Various traditions have recommended different approaches to spontaneous thought, including active suppression, mindful observation, harmonious regulation, reluctant or wholehearted acceptance, and either gently or forcefully turning one’s attention to the object of meditation or prayer. Specific antidotes have included the recital of sacred texts or mantras, as well as the performance of good deeds, ascetic exercises, or rituals of repentance and confession.

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Niedermeier, Silvan. The Color of the Third Degree. Translated by Paul Allen Cohen. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652979.001.0001.

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Available for the first time in English, The Color of the Third Degree uncovers the still-hidden history of police torture in the Jim Crow South. Based on a wide array of previously neglected archival sources, Silvan Niedermeier argues that as public lynching decreased, less visible practices of racial subjugation and repression became central to southern white supremacy. In an effort to deter unruly white mobs, as well as oppress black communities, white southern law officers violently extorted confessions and testimony from black suspects and defendants in jail cells and police stations to secure speedy convictions. In response, black citizens and the NAACP fought to expose these brutal practices through individual action, local organizing, and litigation. In spite of these efforts, police torture remained a widespread, powerful form of racial control and suppression well into the late twentieth century. The first historical study of police torture in the American South, Niedermeier draws attention to the willing acceptance of violent coercion by prosecutors, judges, and juries, and brings to light the deep historical roots of police violence against African Americans, one of the most urgent and distressing issues of our time.

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Platteau, Jean-Philippe, Giulia Camilotti, and Emmanuelle Auriol. Eradicating Women-Hurting Customs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829591.003.0015.

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Since the birth of modern development economics in the period immediately following the Second World War, attention has been mostly directed to the determinants of long-term economic growth performance and, in a subsequent stage, to issues of income distribution and poverty reduction. Social engineering refers to deliberate attempts, often under the form of legislative moves, to promote changes in customs and norms that hurt the interests of marginalized population groups. This implies discussing the main possible interaction frameworks leading to anti-women equilibria, and deriving policy implications from the corresponding games. The theoretical arguments are illustrated by examples drawn from available empirical works, thus providing a reasoned survey of the literature. This chapter explores the analytical conditions under which social engineering is more or less likely to succeed than more indirect approaches when it comes to suppressing gender-biased customs.

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Book chapters on the topic "Attentional suppression"

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Beuth, Frederik, Amirhossein Jamalian, and Fred H. Hamker. "How Visual Attention and Suppression Facilitate Object Recognition?" In Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2014, 459–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11179-7_58.

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Lei, Yu, Shuaiqi Liu, Luyao Zhang, Ling Zhao, and Jie Zhao. "Multi-level Residual Attention Network for Speckle Suppression." In Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, 288–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88013-2_24.

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Stouvenakers, Gilles, Peter Dapprich, Sebastien Massart, and M. Haïssam Jijakli. "Plant Pathogens and Control Strategies in Aquaponics." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 353–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_14.

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AbstractAmong the diversity of plant diseases occurring in aquaponics, soil-borne pathogens, such as Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp., are the most problematic due to their preference for humid/aquatic environment conditions. Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. which belong to the Oomycetes pseudo-fungi require special attention because of their mobile form of dispersion, the so-called zoospores that can move freely and actively in liquid water. In coupled aquaponics, curative methods are still limited because of the possible toxicity of pesticides and chemical agents for fish and beneficial bacteria (e.g. nitrifying bacteria of the biofilter). Furthermore, the development of biocontrol agents for aquaponic use is still at its beginning. Consequently, ways to control the initial infection and the progression of a disease are mainly based on preventive actions and water physical treatments. However, suppressive action (suppression) could happen in aquaponic environment considering recent papers and the suppressive activity already highlighted in hydroponics. In addition, aquaponic water contains organic matter that could promote establishment and growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the system or even improve plant growth and viability directly. With regards to organic hydroponics (i.e. use of organic fertilisation and organic plant media), these bacteria could act as antagonist agents or as plant defence elicitors to protect plants from diseases. In the future, research on the disease suppressive ability of the aquaponic biotope must be increased, as well as isolation, characterisation and formulation of microbial plant pathogen antagonists. Finally, a good knowledge in the rapid identification of pathogens, combined with control methods and diseases monitoring, as recommended in integrated plant pest management, is the key to an efficient control of plant diseases in aquaponics.

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Qiu, Zhe, and Xiaodong Gu. "Graph Convolution and Self Attention Based Non-maximum Suppression." In Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2019, 77–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22796-8_9.

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Peng, Xiaojiang, Kai Wang, Zhaoyang Zeng, Qing Li, Jianfei Yang, and Yu Qiao. "Suppressing Mislabeled Data via Grouping and Self-attention." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, 786–802. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58517-4_46.

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Hasson, Katie Ann. "Not a “Real” Period?: Social and Material Constructions of Menstruation." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 763–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_56.

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Abstract Hasson provides an examination of menstrual suppression technologies and the implications they have on understanding menstruation as both quintessentially natural and socially constructed, and even what ‘counts’ as menstruation. Taking the case of birth control pills, Hasson studies menstrual suppression by analyzing medical journal articles, FDA advisory committee transcripts, and website marketing. Across these contexts, she finds that new definitions of ‘menstruation’ converge on the distinction between bleeding that occurs when women are taking hormonal birth control and when they are not. Finally, Hasson draws attention to the concept of redefining a biological process that is deeply significant for gendered embodiment, as well as a challenge to consider both the social and material construction of gendered bodies.

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Du, Xiaping, Jiayu Huo, Yuanfang Qiao, Qian Wang, and Lichi Zhang. "False Positive Suppression in Cervical Cell Screening via Attention-Guided Semi-supervised Learning." In Predictive Intelligence in Medicine, 93–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87602-9_9.

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Standridge, Sarah. "Older women and leisure." In Women, leisure and tourism: self-actualization and empowerment through the production and consumption of experience, 82–91. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247985.0008.

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Abstract This chapter aims to bring attention to some of the constraints older women face in their leisure and tourism pursuits. Being female and an older adult makes the leisure experiences of older women complex; fighting against not only patriarchal views of the world, but also the ageist stereotypes that say this is who older women are and how they should act. The chapter explains how several sexist and ageist discourses contribute to older women's understandings of what activities are appropriate and accessible to them. Using a lens of intersectionality allows for the complexity of older women's leisure and tourism experiences to be more thoroughly explained by accounting for multiple social identities. The homogenizing and oppressive nature of patriarchal views, like body image, ethic of care, and ageism, are suppressive of the possible identities and full range of leisure opportunities available to older women. As the general population continues to age, a better understanding of the complexities of older women's experiences becomes imperative. This chapter also provides ideas for how the leisure and tourism communities can begin to correct the missteps currently happening in our fields.

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Szturz, Petr, and Jan B. Vermorken. "High-Dose Three-Weekly or Low-Dose Weekly Cisplatin during Radiation, What to Prefer?" In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 139–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_10.

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AbstractIn locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, adding three cycles of high-dose (100 mg/m2) cisplatin every three weeks to definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy can significantly improve locoregional control and survival. One of the major drawbacks is severe acute toxicity with about 40% of patients developing mucositis, up to one fourth suffering from dysphagia, and at least 20% having bone marrow suppression. Late toxicity has been under- and sometimes mis-reported and may even be responsible for an increase in non-cancer-related deaths in long-term survivors. Moreover, efficacy outcomes are still not satisfactory with 5-year overall survival rates ranging between 40% and 50%, excluding the growing minority of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer cases with a markedly better prognosis. Consequently, alternative regimens have gained attention with the aim to reduce toxicity, improve adherence, and maintain adequate anti-tumour activity. Low-dose (usually 40 mg/m2) cisplatin given in weekly intervals emerged as the preferred alternative to the standard, high-dose regimen. But do we have enough evidence to support this approach and which patients might become suitable candidates? While the use of high-dose cisplatin is supported by the results of four large trials randomizing altogether 1539 patients between conventionally fractionated chemoradiation and radiotherapy alone, there are only three small, similarly designed but possibly biased studies favouring a weekly regimen. In addition, two other trials randomly assigning patients to receive either high-dose or low-dose cisplatin, provided evidence against routine administration of the latter schedule. Therefore, although weekly cisplatin may enhance short-term tolerance in terms of gastro-intestinal, hepatic, hearing, renal, and haematological side effects, it cannot be excluded that this improvement comes at the price of compromised survival with no benefit in late adverse events. We acknowledge that certain clinical scenarios, particularly in the presence of relative contraindications to high-dose cisplatin, may favour a less toxic cisplatin dose and/or administration schedule, among which the low-dose weekly regimen. In this respect, the ever-growing population of elderly patients is in particular benefitting from a careful decision, taking into account the pros and cons of such regimens.

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Orban, G. A., K. Pauwels, M. M. Van Hulle, and W. Vanduffel. "Attentional Suppression Early in the Macaque Visual System." In Neurobiology of Attention, 429–34. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012375731-9/50075-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Attentional suppression"

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Juravle, Georgiana, and Charles Spence. "Can tactile suppression be explained by attentional capture?" In 2017 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whc.2017.7989906.

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Zhang, Yang, Fan Xiao Shan, and Gang He. "AZY-GCN: Multi-scale feature suppression attentional diagram convolutional network for human pose prediction." In CSAI 2021: 2021 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3507548.3507565.

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Hu, Minghao, Yuxing Peng, Zhen Huang, Xipeng Qiu, Furu Wei, and Ming Zhou. "Reinforced Mnemonic Reader for Machine Reading Comprehension." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/570.

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In this paper, we introduce the Reinforced Mnemonic Reader for machine reading comprehension tasks, which enhances previous attentive readers in two aspects. First, a reattention mechanism is proposed to refine current attentions by directly accessing to past attentions that are temporally memorized in a multi-round alignment architecture, so as to avoid the problems of attention redundancy and attention deficiency. Second, a new optimization approach, called dynamic-critical reinforcement learning, is introduced to extend the standard supervised method. It always encourages to predict a more acceptable answer so as to address the convergence suppression problem occurred in traditional reinforcement learning algorithms. Extensive experiments on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) show that our model achieves state-of-the-art results. Meanwhile, our model outperforms previous systems by over 6% in terms of both Exact Match and F1 metrics on two adversarial SQuAD datasets.

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Shi, Yangyang, Yongqiang Wang, Chunyang Wu, Christian Fuegen, Frank Zhang, Duc Le, Ching-Feng Yeh, and Michael L. Seltzer. "Weak-Attention Suppression for Transformer Based Speech Recognition." In Interspeech 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-1363.

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Wang, Jiakai, Aishan Liu, Zixin Yin, Shunchang Liu, Shiyu Tang, and Xianglong Liu. "Dual Attention Suppression Attack: Generate Adversarial Camouflage in Physical World." In 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00846.

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Gao, Guangjie, Yan Gao, Liyang Xu, Huibin Tan, and Yuhua Tang. "DSGA: Distractor-Suppressing Graph Attention for Multi-object Tracking." In ICRAI 2022: 2022 8th International Conference on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3573910.3573916.

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Wöstmann, Malte, Mohsen Alavash, and Jonas Obleser. "Distractor Suppression Uniquely Contributes to the Lateralized Alpha Response in Spatial Attention." In 2019 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. Brentwood, Tennessee, USA: Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2019.1137-0.

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Ji, Lishan, Bing Han, Qiang Jing, Yunjiang Rao, and Huijuan Wu. "Noise suppression for DAS seismic data with attention-aided generative adversarial network." In Eighth Symposium on Novel Photoelectronic Detection Technology and Applications, edited by Shining Zhu, Qifeng Yu, Junhong Su, Lianghui Chen, and Junhao Chu. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2625088.

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Funazaki, K., K. Yamada, and Y. Kato. "Studies on Effects of Periodic Wake Passing Upon a Blade Leading Edge Separation Bubble: Experimental Investigation Using a Simple Leading Edge Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38281.

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This paper describes experimental investigation on aerodynamic interaction between incoming periodic wakes and leading edge separation bubble on a compressor or turbine blade, using a scaled leading edge model. The studies aims at expanding the range of the test conditions from that of the previous study (Funazaki and Kato [15]) in order to deepen the knowledge on how and to what extent upstream wake passing suppresses the leading edge separation bubble. Special attention is paid to the transitional behaviors of the separated boundary layers, in particular, to the emergence of wake-induced turbulence spots. Hot-wire probe measurements are then executed under five different flow conditions. The test model has a simple structure consisting of a semi-circular leading edge and two flat-plates. Cylindrical bars of the wake generator generate the periodic wakes in front of the test model. Effects of Reynolds number, Strouhal number, direction of the bar movement and incidence of the test model against the incoming flow are examined in this paper. The measurements reveal that the wake moving over the separation bubble does not directly suppress the separation bubble. Instead, wake-induced turbulence spots and the subsequent calmed regions have dominant impacts on the separation bubble suppression for the all test cases. Distinct difference of the bubble suppressing effect by the wakes is also observed when the direction of the bar movement is altered.

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Nikzad, Mohammad, Yongsheng Gao, and Jun Zhou. "Attention-based Pyramid Dilated Lattice Network for Blind Image Denoising." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/129.

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Though convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with residual and dense aggregations have obtained much attention in image denoising, they are incapable of exploiting different levels of contextual information at every convolutional unit in order to infer different levels of noise components with a single model. In this paper, to overcome this shortcoming we present a novel attention-based pyramid dilated lattice (APDL) architecture and investigate its capability for blind image denoising. The proposed framework can effectively harness the advantages of residual and dense aggregations to achieve a great trade-off between performance, parameter efficiency, and test time. It also employs a novel pyramid dilated convolution strategy to effectively capture contextual information corresponding to different noise levels through the training of a single model. Our extensive experimental investigation verifies the effectiveness and efficiency of the APDL architecture for image denoising as well as JPEG artifacts suppression tasks.

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